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Evans R, Nelson L, Temple T. Operational data for the risk management of victim operated explosive devices in humanitarian mine action: A Practitioner's perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25311. [PMID: 38327446 PMCID: PMC10847920 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Mine Action's inception at the end of the 1980s, operators have collected limited data on the Victim Operated Explosive Devices (VOEDs) they clear. This includes not only data on the explosive ordnance itself but data on how they were found, where they were found and how they were processed and ultimately destroyed. In a context where detection of mines, boobytraps and certain Victim Operated Improvised Explosive Devices (VOIEDs) is an ongoing humanitarian and military challenge, significantly expanded operational data collection provides an achievable way to facilitate enhanced operational risk management. Risk decisions inherent in the clearance of VOEDs are better if made on the basis of extensive operational data. In the absence of a technological solution to detect and positively discriminate VOEDs from false positive indications, the collection of operational data offers the best prospect for "managing" if not "solving" the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Evans
- Cranfield University, Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 7LA, UK
| | - L. Nelson
- Cranfield University, Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 7LA, UK
| | - T. Temple
- Cranfield University, Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 7LA, UK
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2
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Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M, Alvarez-Alvarez I, Aithal GP, Björnsson ES, Cakan-Akdogan G, Cubero FJ, Esteves F, Falcon-Perez JM, Fromenty B, Garcia-Ruiz C, Grove JI, Konu O, Kranendonk M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Miranda JP, Remesal-Doblado A, Sancho-Bru P, Nelson L, Andrade RJ, Daly AK, Fernandez-Checa JC. Roadmap to DILI research in Europe. A proposal from COST action ProEuroDILINet. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107046. [PMID: 38159783 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the current article the aims for a constructive way forward in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) are to highlight the most important priorities in research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and better funded future for European DILI research. This Roadmap aims to identify key challenges, define a shared vision across all stakeholders for the opportunities to overcome these challenges and propose a high-quality research program to achieve progress on the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and management of this condition and impact on healthcare practice in the field of DILI. This will involve 1. Creation of a database encompassing optimised case report form for prospectively identified DILI cases with well-characterised controls with competing diagnoses, biological samples, and imaging data; 2. Establishing of preclinical models to improve the assessment and prediction of hepatotoxicity in humans to guide future drug safety testing; 3. Emphasis on implementation science and 4. Enhanced collaboration between drug-developers, clinicians and regulatory scientists. This proposed operational framework will advance DILI research and may bring together basic, applied, translational and clinical research in DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lucena
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos UICEC-IBIMA, Plataforma ISCIII de Investigación Clínica, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Villanueva-Paz
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Alvarez-Alvarez
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - G P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - E S Björnsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Cakan-Akdogan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - F J Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Esteves
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NMS | FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Falcon-Perez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, 48160, Spain. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia 48009, Spain
| | - B Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - C Garcia-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J I Grove
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - O Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kranendonk
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NMS | FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; CMO & Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Remesal-Doblado
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - P Sancho-Bru
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - R J Andrade
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - A K Daly
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - J C Fernandez-Checa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Laverty C, Agar G, Sinclair-Burton L, Oliver C, Moss J, Nelson L, Richards C. The 10-year trajectory of aggressive behaviours in autistic individuals. J Intellect Disabil Res 2023; 67:295-309. [PMID: 36654499 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive behaviours are common in people with neurodevelopmental conditions, contributing to poorer quality of life and placement breakdown. However, there is limited empirical research documenting the prevalence and persistence of aggressive behaviours in autism. In this longitudinal study, aggressive behaviours were investigated in a sample of autistic individuals over 10 years. METHODS Caregivers of autistic individuals, both with and without intellectual disability, completed questionnaires relating to the presence of aggressive behaviours at T1 [N = 229, mean age in years 11.8, standard deviation (SD) 5.9], T2 (T1 + 3 years, N = 81, mean age in years 15.1, SD 5.9) and T3 (T1 + 10 years, N = 54, mean age in years 24.5, SD 8.1). Analyses examined the presence and persistence of aggressive behaviours and the predictive value of established correlates of aggression. RESULTS Aggressive behaviours were common at baseline (61.6%) but only persistent in 30% of the sample over 10 years. Higher composite scores of overactivity and impulsivity at T1 were significantly associated with the persistence of aggressive behaviours at T2 (P = 0.027) and T3 (P = 0.012) with medium effect size. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive behaviours are common in autism, but reduce with age. Behavioural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predict the presence and persistence of aggressive behaviour and as such may be useful clinical indicators to direct proactive intervention resources to ameliorate aggressive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laverty
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Agar
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - C Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - L Nelson
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Richards
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Sidiropoulos A, Nelson L, Pruziner A, Glasberg JJ, Maikos J. Evaluation of Weight Shift and X-Factor During Golf Swing of Veterans With Lower Limb Loss. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:85-91. [PMID: 34864764 PMCID: PMC9163200 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the weight shift and X-Factor values of golfers with lower limb loss. DESIGN Veterans with above or below knee limb loss participated in a 3-day adaptive golf event hosted by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Professional golf instructors educated participants on proper golf swing mechanics, after which kinematic analysis of trunk rotation and kinetic analysis of weight transfer between the legs during the golf swing were evaluated using three-dimensional motion capture and force platforms. RESULTS Golfers with a trail leg amputation, regardless of level of limb loss, demonstrated superior weight shift, whereas golfers with lead limb amputation showed greater X-Factor values (all P < 0.05). Golfers with below knee limb loss demonstrated better weight shift strategies compared to those with above knee limb loss, regardless of which leg was amputated (i.e., lead or trail limb, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sports rehabilitation programs should focus on increased weight bearing on the prosthetic limb to achieve appropriate weight shift and increased flexibility to increase X-Factor values. Participation in such programs can offer both physical and psychosocial benefits and may be a valid tool to increase the overall quality of life of veterans with lower limb loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.N. Sidiropoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare
System, New York, USA
| | - L.M. Nelson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National Veterans Sports
Programs and Special Events, Washington DC, USA
| | - A.L. Pruziner
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National Veterans Sports
Programs and Special Events, Washington DC, USA
| | - J. J. Glasberg
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare
System, New York, USA
| | - J.T. Maikos
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare
System, New York, USA
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5
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Betti S, Hosseini S, Ramdin C, Nelson L. 372 Perceptions, Use, and Behaviors Surrounding the Receipt of a Naloxone Kit for Patients with Opioid Use Disorder in an Urban Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Finkel R, Farrar M, Vlodavets D, Zanoteli E, Al-Muhaizea M, Nelson L, Prufer A, Servais L, Wang Y, Fisher C, Gerber M, Gorni K, Kletzl H, Palfreeman L, Scalco R, Bertini E. FP.24 RAINBOWFISH: Preliminary efficacy and safety data in risdiplam-treated infants with presymptomatic spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Ramdin C, Makutonin M, Nelson L, Meltzer A, Amirshahi M. 259 Outcomes and Resource Utilization of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Opioid and Benzodiazepine Poisoning. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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8
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Tran T, Dym A, Rosania A, Nelson L, Ramdin C, Santos C. 91 The Promising Use of an Emergency Department Observation Unit to Manage Patients With Opioid Use Disorder. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Paller A, Siegfried E, Marron S, Clark M, DiBenedetti D, Nelson L, Chao J, Bansal A, Sun Y, Chuang C, Wang Z. 147 Development and validation of a caregiver-reported numeric rating scale for measuring pruritus in children aged 6 months to <6 years with atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Servais L, Al-Muhaizea M, Farrar M, Nelson L, Prufer A, Finkel R, Wang Y, Zanoteli E, El-Khairi M, Gerber M, Gorni K, Kletzl H, Palfreeman L, Scalco R, Bertini E. CLINICAL TRIAL HIGHLIGHTS. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shamsie I, Gomez B, Khalid S, Boni A, Ramdin C, Nelson L. 37 The Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Access to Care and Basic Necessities of Emergency Department Patients With Opioid Use Disorders Who Are Linked to Treatment. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8536263 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Pearson E, Nielsen E, Kita S, Groves L, Nelson L, Moss J, Oliver C. Low speech rate but high gesture rate during conversational interaction in people with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:601-607. [PMID: 33694205 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrsome (CdLS) is a rare genetic syndrome with notable impaired expressive communication characterised by reduced spoken language. We examined gesture use to refine the description of expressive communication impairments in CdLS. METHODS During conversations, we compared gesture use in people with CdLS to peers with Down syndrome (DS) matched for receptive language and adaptive ability, and typically developing (TD) individuals of similar chronological age. RESULTS As anticipated the DS and CdLS groups used fewer words during conversation than TD peers (P < .001). However, the CdLS group used twice the number of gestures per 100 words compared with the DS and TD groups (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CdLS have a significantly higher gesture rate than expected given their level of intellectual disability and chronological age. This result indicates the cause of reduced use of spoken language does not extend to all forms of expressive communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pearson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Nielsen
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Kita
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - L Groves
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Nelson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - J Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - C Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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13
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Buchan T, Heegaard B, Nelson L, Foroutan F, Ross H, McDonald M, Gustafsson F, Alba A. Use of Prednisone Increases Post Heart Transplantation Mortality: Is it a Necessary Evil? J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nelson L, Iannaccone S, Forrest D, Valle M, Klingman E, Castro D. SMA – THERAPY. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mugahid DA, Sengul TG, You X, Wang Y, Steil L, Bergmann N, Radke MH, Ofenbauer A, Gesell-Salazar M, Balogh A, Kempa S, Tursun B, Robbins CT, Völker U, Chen W, Nelson L, Gotthardt M. Author Correction: Proteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Hibernating Grizzly Bears Reveal Metabolic and Signaling Pathways that Protect against Muscle Atrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4381. [PMID: 32127597 PMCID: PMC7054357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D A Mugahid
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - T G Sengul
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - X You
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Steil
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Bergmann
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M H Radke
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ofenbauer
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gesell-Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kempa
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Tursun
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - C T Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - U Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Nelson
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Mugahid DA, Sengul TG, You X, Wang Y, Steil L, Bergmann N, Radke MH, Ofenbauer A, Gesell-Salazar M, Balogh A, Kempa S, Tursun B, Robbins CT, Völker U, Chen W, Nelson L, Gotthardt M. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Hibernating Grizzly Bears Reveal Metabolic and Signaling Pathways that Protect against Muscle Atrophy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19976. [PMID: 31882638 PMCID: PMC6934745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a physiological response to disuse and malnutrition, but hibernating bears are largely resistant to this phenomenon. Unlike other mammals, they efficiently reabsorb amino acids from urine, periodically activate muscle contraction, and their adipocytes differentially responds to insulin. The contribution of myocytes to the reduced atrophy remains largely unknown. Here we show how metabolism and atrophy signaling are regulated in skeletal muscle of hibernating grizzly bear. Metabolic modeling of proteomic changes suggests an autonomous increase of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in muscle and treatment of differentiated myoblasts with NEAA is sufficient to induce hypertrophy. Our comparison of gene expression in hibernation versus muscle atrophy identified several genes differentially regulated during hibernation, including Pdk4 and Serpinf1. Their trophic effects extend to myoblasts from non-hibernating species (including C. elegans), as documented by a knockdown approach. Together, these changes reflect evolutionary favored adaptations that, once translated to the clinics, could help improve atrophy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mugahid
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - T G Sengul
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - X You
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Steil
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Bergmann
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M H Radke
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ofenbauer
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gesell-Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kempa
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Tursun
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - C T Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - U Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Nelson
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Kole M, Nelson L, Has P, Werner E, Rouse D, Hardy E. Pregnancy latency associated with oral compared to intravenous antibiotics following preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Yosipovitch G, Reaney M, Mastey V, Eckert L, Abbé A, Nelson L, Clark M, Williams N, Chen Z, Ardeleanu M, Akinlade B, Graham N, Pirozzi G, Staudinger H, Plaum S, Radin A, Gadkari A. 峰值瘙痒数字评价量表的验证. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Lowes L, Alfano L, Chen D, Nelson L, Miller N, Iammarino M, McColly M, Mendell J, Rust S. P.214Presymptomatic spinal muscular atrophy: reality or myth? Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Yosipovitch G, Reaney M, Mastey V, Eckert L, Abbé A, Nelson L, Clark M, Williams N, Chen Z, Ardeleanu M, Akinlade B, Graham N, Pirozzi G, Staudinger H, Plaum S, Radin A, Gadkari A. Validation of the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Randall CL, Hort K, Huebner CE, Mallott E, Mancl L, Milgrom P, Nelson L, Senturia K, Weiner BJ, Cunha-Cruz J. Organizational Readiness to Implement System Changes in an Alaskan Tribal Dental Care Organization. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 5:156-165. [PMID: 31499017 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419871904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tribal health care systems are striving to implement internal changes to improve dental care access and delivery and reduce health inequities for American Indian and Alaska Native children. Within similar systems, organizational readiness to implement change has been associated with adoption of system-level changes and affected by organizational factors, including culture, resources, and structure. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess organizational readiness to implement changes related to delivery of evidence-based dental care within a tribal health care organization and determine workforce- and perceived work environment-related factors associated with readiness. METHODS A 92-item questionnaire was completed online by 78 employees, including dental providers, dental assistants, and support staff (88% response rate). The questionnaire queried readiness for implementation (Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change), organizational context and resources, workforce issues, organizational functioning, and demographics. RESULTS Average scores for the change commitment and change efficacy domains (readiness for implementation) were 3.93 (SD = .75) and 3.85 (SD = .80), respectively, where the maximum best score was 5. Perceived quality of management, a facet of organizational functioning, was the only significant predictor of readiness to implement change (B = .727, SE = .181, P < .0002) when all other variables were accounted for. CONCLUSION Results suggest that when staff members (including dentists, dental therapists, hygienists, assistants, and support staff) from a tribal health care organization perceive management to be high quality, they are more supportive of organizational changes that promote evidence-based practices. Readiness-for-change scores indicate an organization capable of institutional adoption of new policies and procedures. In this case, use of more effective management strategies may be one of the changes most critical for enhancing institutional behaviors to improve population health and reduce health inequities. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by clinicians and other leaders implementing changes within dental care organizations. To promote organizational readiness for change and, ultimately, more expedient and efficient adoption of system-level changes by stakeholders, consideration should be given to organizational functioning generally and quality of management practices specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Randall
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Hort
- Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - C E Huebner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Mallott
- Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - L Mancl
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Milgrom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Nelson
- School of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - K Senturia
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B J Weiner
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Cunha-Cruz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Zamora-Kapoor A, Sinclair K, Nelson L, Lee H, Buchwald D. Obesity risk factors in American Indians and Alaska Natives: a systematic review. Public Health 2019; 174:85-96. [PMID: 31326761 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We systematically reviewed the literature on risk factors for obesity in American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs) of all ages. STUDY DESIGN We searched titles and abstracts in PubMed with combinations of the following terms: obesity, body mass index (BMI), American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native American. METHODS We limited our review to articles that provided an empirically testable claim about a variable associated with obesity, measured obesity as a dependent variable, and provided data specific to AI/ANs. RESULTS Our final sample included 31 articles; 20 examined AI/AN youth (<18 years), and 11 examined AI/AN adults (≥18 years). Risk factors for obesity varied by age. In infants, low birth weight, early termination of breastfeeding, and high maternal BMI, and maternal diabetes increased the risk of childhood obesity. In children and adolescents, parental obesity, sedentary behaviors, and limited access to fruits and vegetables were associated with obesity. In adulthood, sedentary behaviors, diets high in fats and carbohydrates, stress, verbal abuse in childhood, and the belief that health cannot be controlled were associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Extant studies have three limitations: they do not apply a life course perspective, they lack nationally representative data and have limited knowledge of the resilience, resistance and resourcefulness of AI/ANs. Future studies that avoid these shortcomings are needed to inform interventions to reduce the prevalence of obesity in AI/ANs across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamora-Kapoor
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - K Sinclair
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - L Nelson
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - H Lee
- Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - D Buchwald
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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Wilmoth K, Mau K, Guzowski N, Brett B, McCrea M, Nelson L. Direct Comparison of Multidimensional Clinical Assessment Tools: Sensitivity to Concussion in Student Athletes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz026.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Consensus guidelines recommend multidimensional assessment for concussion diagnosis and management. Among cognitive, oculomotor, and postural stability, it remains unclear which modalities perform best in the acute/subacute periods. We conducted a direct comparison to identify those with the strongest sensitivity to sport-related concussion.
Methods
High school and collegiate football players (aged 14–24) completed preseason baseline assessments. Concussed (n=91) and matched non-concussed teammates (n=85) underwent repeat testing at 48 hours, 8 days, and 15 days post-injury. Postconcussive symptoms (SCAT-3 symptom severity), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing, Trail Making Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Processing Speed Index), oculomotor functioning (King-Devick Test), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System) were compared using Cohen’s d and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses.
Results
Symptom severity had the greatest sensitivity at 48 hours and 8 days post-injury (Cohen’s d=1.43 and 0.53, AUC=.93 and .63, p<.01). Of the performance-based assessments, BESS was most sensitive to SRC at 48 hours post-injury (Cohen’s d=.74, AUC=.70, p<.01). Oculomotor and cognitive testing via ImPACT, WAIS-IV PSI, and TMT-A were sensitive to a lesser degree (Cohen’s d=.35–.58, p<.05). Verbal memory was the only significant performance-based assessment at days 8 and 15, with small-to-medium effect sizes (Cohen’s d=.37 and .44, p<.05). Other cognitive measures (SAC, TMT-B) were not sensitive to SRC across timepoints (p>.05).
Conclusion
We observed heterogeneity in clinical assessment performance such that the clinical domains strongest in the initial days post-injury (symptom severity, balance) were less sensitive at later follow-up, supporting the potential need for multidimensional assessment.
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24
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Yosipovitch G, Reaney M, Mastey V, Eckert L, Abbé A, Nelson L, Clark M, Williams N, Chen Z, Ardeleanu M, Akinlade B, Graham NMH, Pirozzi G, Staudinger H, Plaum S, Radin A, Gadkari A. Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale: psychometric validation and responder definition for assessing itch in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:761-769. [PMID: 30729499 PMCID: PMC6850643 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease characterized by intense, persistent and debilitating itch, resulting in sleep deprivation, signs of anxiety and depression, impaired quality of life and reduced productivity. The Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was developed and validated as a single-item, patient-reported outcome (PRO) of itch severity. OBJECTIVES To describe the content validity and psychometric assessment (test-retest reliability, construct validity, known-groups validity, sensitivity to change) of the Peak Pruritus NRS, and to derive empirically a responder definition to identify adults with a meaningful change in itch. METHODS Content validity was assessed through in-depth patient interviews. Psychometric assessments used data from phase IIb and phase III dupilumab clinical trials and included test-retest reliability, construct validity, known-groups validity and sensitivity to change in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. RESULTS Interview participants indicated that the Peak Pruritus NRS was a relevant, clear and comprehensive assessment of itch severity. Peak Pruritus NRS scores showed large, positive correlations with existing PRO measures of itch, and weak or moderate correlations with clinician-reported measures assessing objective signs of AD. Peak Pruritus NRS score improvements were highly correlated with improvements in other itch PROs, and moderately correlated with improvements in clinician-reported measures assessing objective signs of AD. The most appropriate threshold for defining a clinically relevant, within-person response was ≥ 2-4-point change in the Peak Pruritus NRS. CONCLUSIONS The Peak Pruritus NRS is a well-defined, reliable, sensitive and valid scale for evaluating worst itch intensity in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yosipovitch
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | | | - V Mastey
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - A Abbé
- Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - L Nelson
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| | - M Clark
- RTI Health Solutions, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - N Williams
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| | - Z Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - M Ardeleanu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - B Akinlade
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - S Plaum
- Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, U.S.A
| | - A Radin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - A Gadkari
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
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Bethsabee B, Laurent Q, Pierre C, Valerie H, Sophie G, Thomas A, Nelson L, Jean-Marc G, Hennequin C. EP-1407 Sarcopenia is a weak prognostic factor before chemoradiotherapy of esophageal carcinomas. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Nelson L, Andreassen A, Arora S, Andersson B, Gude E, Eiskjær H, Rådegran G, Dellgren G, Gullestad L, Gustafsson F. Mild Acute Cellular Rejection is Not Associated with Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound and Coronary Angiography in Heart Transplant Recipients - A Substudy of the SCHEDULE Trial. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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27
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Royston R, Oliver C, Moss J, Adams D, Berg K, Burbidge C, Howlin P, Nelson L, Stinton C, Waite J. Brief Report: Repetitive Behaviour Profiles in Williams syndrome: Cross Syndrome Comparisons with Prader-Willi and Down syndromes. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:326-331. [PMID: 28980100 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the profile of repetitive behaviour in individuals with Williams syndrome, utilising cross-syndrome comparisons with people with Prader-Willi and Down syndromes. The Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire was administered to caregivers of adults with Williams (n = 96), Prader-Willi (n = 103) and Down (n = 78) syndromes. There were few group differences, although participants with Williams syndrome were more likely to show body stereotypies. Individuals with Williams syndrome also showed more hoarding and less tidying behaviours than those with Down syndrome. IQ and adaptive ability were negatively associated with repetitive questioning in people with Williams syndrome. The profile of repetitive behaviour amongst individuals with Williams syndrome was similar to the comparison syndromes. The cognitive mechanisms underlying these behaviours in genetic syndromes warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Royston
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - C Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - J Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Adams
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Griffith University, PO Box 3370, South Brisbane Qld 4101, Sidon Street, South Bank, QLD, Australia
| | - K Berg
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,School of Psychology, University of East London, AE 1.10, Stratford Campus, London, E15 4LZ, UK
| | - C Burbidge
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Wayside House, Wilsons Lane, Coventry, CV6 6NY, UK
| | - P Howlin
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2L, UK.,University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Nelson
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - C Stinton
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - J Waite
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Nelson L, Valle M, Forrest D, Klingman E, Ramm T, Farrow-Gillespie A, Spain T, Castro D, Iannaccone S. SMA THERAPIES I. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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O'Brien ER, Read E, Deyholos M, Nelson L. Effects of Nitric oxide Producing Bacteria Azospirillum brasilense on Microbial Composition and Secondary Metabolite Profile of Cannabis. Am J Transl Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1644915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ER O'Brien
- Valens Agritech, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Read
- Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia
| | - M Deyholos
- The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L Nelson
- The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Gonzales KL, Garcia GE, Jacob MM, Muller C, Nelson L, Manson SM. Patient-provider relationship and perceived provider weight bias among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:76-84. [PMID: 29479467 PMCID: PMC5818742 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to examine patient-provider relationships among American Indians and Alaska Native (AI/AN) patients by examining associations between patient activation, perceived provider weight bias and working alliance. Patient activation is generally defined as having the knowledge, skills and confidence to manage one's health. Methods Among a sample of 87 AI/AN adults presenting for general medical care at an urban clinic in the north-west region of the USA, ordinary least squares regression analysis was completed to examine associations. Results Better working alliance scores were associated with increased patient activation, while perceived provider weight bias was associated with reduced patient activation. In addition, those with class II obesity had decreased patient activation. Conclusion These findings point to the importance of a positive patient-provider relationship in AI/ANs. Optimal patient engagement and subsequent health outcomes warrant additional consideration of patients' perceptions of provider weight bias within the context of health promotion and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Gonzales
- Oregon Health Sciences University‐Portland State University School of Public HealthPortland State UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - G. E. Garcia
- Department of SociologyPortland State UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - M. M. Jacob
- Department of Education Studies, College of EducationUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA
| | - C. Muller
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community HealthWashington State UniversitySeattleWAUSA
| | - L. Nelson
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community HealthWashington State UniversitySeattleWAUSA
| | - S. M. Manson
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native HealthUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraCOUSA
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Nelson L, Pollard H, Ames R, Jarosz B, Garbutt P, Da Costa C. A descriptive study of sports chiropractors. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Chan O, Moore L, Lai B, Jeong E, Nelson L, Malik F, Sykes J, Mathur S, Wu K. WS04.5 Predicting six-minute walk distance in adults with cystic fibrosis during hospitalisation. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Wallace R, Hirkala D, Nelson L. Biological control of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Mucor piriformis on ‘Gala’ and ‘McIntosh’ apples using Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2016.1144.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Courtenay-Quirk C, Date A, Bachanas P, Baggaley R, Getahun H, Nelson L, Granich R. Expanding human immunodeficiency virus testing and counseling to reach tuberculosis clients' partners and families. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1414-6. [PMID: 26614180 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have shown important increases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling (HTC), diagnosis, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients. Expansion of HTC for partners and families are critical next steps to increase earlier HIV diagnoses and access to ART, and to achieve international goals for reduced TB and HIV-related morbidity, mortality, transmission and costs. TB and HIV programs should develop and evaluate feasible and effective strategies to increase access to HTC among the partners and families of TB patients, and ensure that newly diagnosed people living with HIV and HIV-infected TB patients who complete anti-tuberculosis treatment are successfully linked to ongoing HIV clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Courtenay-Quirk
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A Date
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - P Bachanas
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - R Baggaley
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Getahun
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Nelson
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Granich
- International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, Washington DC, USA
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Nelson L, Tighe A, Clamp A, Edmondson R, Jayson G, Taylor S. Development of ex vivo phenotypic assays to enable precision medicine in the context of high grade serous ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wright H, Motazedi M, Nelson L, Aulmoli J, Flanagan L, Razorenova O. Abstract P4-08-07: CDCP1 cleavage is necessary for homodimerization-induced migration of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p4-08-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic form of breast cancer that lacks the estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors and is resistant to targeted and hormone therapies. TNBCs express high levels of the transmembrane glycoprotein, CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1), which has been correlated with the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of multiple carcinomas. Full-length CDCP1 (flCDCP1) can be proteolytically cleaved, resulting in a cleaved membrane-bound isoform (cCDCP1). CDCP1 is phosphorylated by Src family kinases in its full-length and cleaved states, which is important for its pro-metastatic signaling. We observed that cCDCP1, compared to flCDCP1, induced a dramatic increase in phosphorylation of the migration-associated proteins: PKCδ, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK in HEK 293T. In addition, only cCDCP1 induced migration of HEK 293T cells and rescued migration of the TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, expressing shRNA against CDCP1. Importantly, we found that only cCDCP1 is capable of dimerization, which can be blocked by expression of the extracellular portion of cCDCP1 (ECC), indicating that dimerization occurs through CDCP1's ectodomain. Furthermore, we found that ECC inhibited phosphorylation of PKCδ by Src and migration of TNBC cells, indicating that the cCDCP1 dimer is an important contributor to TNBC aggressiveness. These studies have important implications for development of a therapeutic to block CDCP1 activity and TNBC metastasis.
Citation Format: Wright H, Motazedi M, Nelson L, Aulmoli J, Flanagan L, Razorenova O. CDCP1 cleavage is necessary for homodimerization-induced migration of triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wright
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - M Motazedi
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - L Nelson
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - J Aulmoli
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - L Flanagan
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Plant R, Chauhan M, Nelson L, Fennell D, Ahmed S. 82 Accrual to clinical trials – an update. Lung Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(16)30099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Plant R, Chauhan M, Nelson L, Fennell D, Ahmed S. 90 Accrual to clinical trials in mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(16)30107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fletcher S, Waterman H, Nelson L, Carter L, Dwyer L, Roberts C, Torgerson D, Kitchener H. Holistic assessment of women with hyperemesis gravidarum: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Greenwood-Ericksen M, Poon S, Nelson L, Weiner S, Schuur J. EMF1 Best Practices for the Use of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nichols C, Lehky T, Waite M, Duong T, Nelson L, Keller K, Lott D, Meilleur K, Collins J, Dastgir J, Vuillerot C, Rutkowski A, Donkervoort S, Leach M, Jain M, Bönnemann C. Electrical impedance myography as a potential biomarker in individuals with COL6-related dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Burke MJC, Nelson L, Slade JY, Oakley AE, Khundakar AA, Kalaria RN. Morphometry of the hippocampal microvasculature in post-stroke and age-related dementias. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014; 40:284-95. [PMID: 24003901 PMCID: PMC4282329 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Optimal vascular function is vital for prevention of dementia. We hypothesized that elderly post-stroke survivors who preserve cognitive function show unperturbed cerebral microvasculature compared with those who develop dementia. Methods Using stereological spherical probe software, we compared the length density (Lv, cumulative vessel length per unit tissue volume) of hippocampal microvessels in post mortem brain tissue from post-stroke survivors, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and normal ageing control subjects. We also assessed microvessel diameters in the same subjects. Microvessels were identified by markers of endothelial cells (glucose transporter 1; GLUT1), basement membrane (collagen IV; COL4) and smooth muscle cell α-actin (SMA). Results We found increased Lv of both GLUT1 and COL4 immunostained microvessels (P < 0.05) in the hippocampal CA1 region of post-stroke demented (PSD) and AD cases compared with post-stroke nondemented (PSND), control and VaD subjects. However, no changes were apparent in the CA2 region. We also noted significant increase in Lv in the entorhinal cortex of AD compared with PSND and PSD subjects. The mean diameter of microvessels was decreased in PSD, compared with PSND, as well as in AD and VaD compared with controls. Cumulative frequency analysis showed PSND subjects to have significantly greater proportion of microvessels with diameters, ranging from 7 to 12 μm. Conclusions An increase in microvascular Lv in AD and PSD suggests either an increase in angiogenesis or the formation of newer microvessel loops in response to cerebral hypoperfusion. The decreased vessel diameters found in AD and VaD suggests increased vasoconstriction in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J C Burke
- Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Miguel E, Camerer C, Casey K, Cohen J, Esterling KM, Gerber A, Glennerster R, Green DP, Humphreys M, Imbens G, Laitin D, Madon T, Nelson L, Nosek BA, Petersen M, Sedlmayr R, Simmons JP, Simonsohn U, Van der Laan M. Social science. Promoting transparency in social science research. Science 2014; 343:30-1. [PMID: 24385620 DOI: 10.1126/science.1245317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Miguel
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Nelson L, Early D, Iannaccone S. P.7.14 Effects of a regular aquatic therapy program on one individual with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): A case study. Neuromuscul Disord 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Donley C, McClelland K, McKeen HD, Nelson L, Yakkundi A, Jithesh PV, Burrows J, McClements L, Valentine A, Prise KM, McCarthy HO, Robson T. Identification of RBCK1 as a novel regulator of FKBPL: implications for tumor growth and response to tamoxifen. Oncogene 2013; 33:3441-50. [PMID: 23912458 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
FKBPL has been implicated in processes associated with cancer, including regulation of tumor growth and angiogenesis with high levels of FKBPL prognosticating for improved patient survival. Understanding how FKBPL levels are controlled within the cell is therefore critical. We have identified a novel role for RBCK1 as an FKBPL-interacting protein, which regulates FKBPL stability at the post-translational level via ubiquitination. Both RBCK1 and FKBPL are upregulated by 17-β-estradiol and interact within heat shock protein 90 chaperone complexes, together with estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Furthermore, FKBPL and RBCK1 associate with ERα at the promoter of the estrogen responsive gene, pS2, and regulate pS2 levels. MCF-7 clones stably overexpressing RBCK1 were shown to have reduced proliferation and increased levels of FKBPL and p21. Furthermore, these clones were resistant to tamoxifen therapy, suggesting that RBCK1 could be a predictive marker of response to endocrine therapy. RBCK1 knockdown using targeted small interfering RNA resulted in increased proliferation and increased sensitivity to tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, in support of our in vitro data, analysis of mRNA microarray data sets demonstrated that high levels of FKBPL and RBCK1 correlated with increased patient survival, whereas high RBCK1 predicted for a poor response to tamoxifen. Our findings support a role for RBCK1 in the regulation of FKBPL with important implications for estrogen receptor signaling, cell proliferation and response to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Donley
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - K McClelland
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - H D McKeen
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - L Nelson
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A Yakkundi
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P V Jithesh
- Liverpool Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Burrows
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - L McClements
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A Valentine
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - K M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - H O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - T Robson
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Murphy J, Nelson L, Le Q. Increasing Use of Technology With Palliative Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shah NS, Cavanaugh JS, Pratt R, Cain KP, Wells C, Laserson K, Nelson L. Epidemiology of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2008. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:1234-40. [PMID: 22748057 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smear-negative tuberculosis (TB) is difficult to diagnose and has been associated with poor treatment outcomes and excessive mortality, particularly in high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalent settings. However, few studies have used mycobacterial culture to rigorously confirm all smear-negative TB cases in a population-based cohort. DESIGN We included all culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB cases reported to the US National TB Surveillance System from 1993 to 2008. We analyzed smear-negative TB risk factors and survival, as compared to smear-positive TB. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) and adjusted for confounders (aPR). RESULTS From 1993 to 2008, 159,121 cases of culture-confirmed pulmonary TB were reported in the United States, of which 58,786 (37%) were sputum smear-negative. Smear-negative TB cases were more likely to be foreign-born (aPR 1.10, 95%CI 1.08-1.12), incarcerated (aPR 1.52, 95%CI 1.48-1.56) or HIV-infected (aPR 1.27, 95%CI 1.24-1.30). Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks were less likely to have smear-negative TB (respectively aPR 0.87, 95%CI 0.85-0.89 and aPR 0.90, 95%CI 0.89-0.92). Smear-negative TB cases had lower mortality (aRR 0.78, 95%CI 0.74-0.81), independent of HIV status. CONCLUSION Smear-negative TB represents a large proportion of TB cases in the United States, and occurs more often among persons in groups more likely to undergo TB screening. The lower mortality may indicate earlier TB detection, and underscores the need for continued vigilance in screening of high-risk persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Shah
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Richards C, Oliver C, Nelson L, Moss J. Self-injurious behaviour in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2012; 56:476-89. [PMID: 22404122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a risk marker for self-injurious behaviour. In this study we aimed to describe the prevalence, topography and correlates of self-injury in individuals with ASD in contrast to individuals with Fragile X and Down syndromes and examine person characteristics associated with self-injury across and within these groups. METHOD Carers of individuals with ASD (n = 149; mean age = 9.98, SD = 4.86), Fragile X syndrome (n = 123; mean age = 15.32, SD = 8.74) and Down syndrome (n = 49; mean age = 15.84, SD = 12.59) completed questionnaires relating to the presence and topography of self-injury. Information was also gathered regarding demographic characteristics, affect, autistic behaviour, hyperactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour. RESULTS Self-injurious behaviour was displayed by 50% of the ASD sample: a significantly higher prevalence than in the Down syndrome group (18.4%) but broadly similar to the prevalence in Fragile X syndrome (54.5%). Self-injury was associated with significantly higher levels of autistic behaviour within the Down and Fragile X syndrome groups. Within the ASD group, the presence of self-injury was associated with significantly higher levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity, negative affect and significantly lower levels of ability and speech. CONCLUSIONS Self-injurious behaviour is prevalent in individuals with ASD and the presence of ASD phenomenology increases the risk of self-injury in individuals with known genetic disorders but without a diagnosis of idiopathic autism. Person characteristics associated with self-injury in ASD indicate a role for impaired behavioural inhibition, low levels of ability and negative affect in the development of self-injurious behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richards
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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