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Daban A, Gonnin C, Phan L, Saldmann A, Granier C, Lillo-Lelouet A, Le Beller C, Pouchot J, Weiss L, Tartour E, Fabre E, Medioni J, Oudard S, Vano YA, Dragon-Durey MA, Simonaggio A. Preexisting autoantibodies as predictor of immune related adverse events (irAEs) for advanced solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2204754. [PMID: 37187974 PMCID: PMC10177742 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2204754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now standard of care in many cancers. They can generate immune-related adverse events (irAEs), but no biomarkers are available to identify patients who are more likely to develop irAEs. We assess the association between pre-existing autoantibodies and occurrence of irAEs. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively collected data from consecutive patients receiving ICIs for advanced cancers, in a single center between May 2015 and July 2021. Autoantibodies testing was performed before ICIs initiation including AntiNeutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies, Antinuclear Antibodies, Rheumatoid Factor anti-Thyroid Peroxidase and anti-Thyroglobulin. We analyzed the associations of pre-existing autoantibodies with onset, severity, time to irAEs and with survival outcomes. RESULTS Of the 221 patients included, most had renal cell carcinoma (n = 99; 45%) or lung carcinoma (n = 90; 41%). Grade ≥2 irAEs were more frequent among patients with pre-existing autoantibodies: 64 (50%) vs. 20 (22%) patients (Odds-Ratio= 3.5 [95% CI=1.8-6.8]; p < 0.001) in the positive vs negative group, respectively. irAEs occurred earlier in the positive group with a median time interval between ICI initiation and irAE of 13 weeks (IQR = 8.8-21.6) vs. 28.5 weeks (IQR=10.6-55.1) in the negative group (p = 0.01). Twelve patients (9.4%) experienced multiple (≥2) irAEs in the positive group vs. 2 (2%) in the negative group (OR = 4.5 [95% CI: 0.98-36], p = 0.04). After a median follow-up of 25 months, median PFS and OS were significantly longer among patients experiencing irAE (p = 0.00034 and p = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION The presence of pre-existing autoantibodies is significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥2 irAEs, with earlier and multiple irAEs in patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daban
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Gonnin
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - L Phan
- ARTIC - Association pour la Recherche de Thérapeutiques Innovantes en Cancérologie; Hǒpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP. Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Saldmann
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Granier
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U970, PARCC, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Lillo-Lelouet
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Le Beller
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J Pouchot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - l Weiss
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - E Tartour
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U970, PARCC, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - E Fabre
- INSERM U970, PARCC, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - J Medioni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - S Oudard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U970, PARCC, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - YA Vano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - MA Dragon-Durey
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - A. Simonaggio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP.Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Meylan M, Sun CM, Elaidi RT, Moreira M, Bougouin A, Verkarre V, Bennamoun M, Chevreau C, Borchiellini D, Barthelemy P, Pannier D, Maillet D, Gross Goupil M, Tournigand C, Braychenko E, Phan L, Oudard S, Fridman WH, Sautes-Fridman C, Vano YA. 1451MO In-situ immune markers predict nivolumab (N) +/-ipilimumab (I) efficacy in frontline metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC): Key ancillary analyses from the BIONIKK randomized trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Kirstein B, Heeger C, Vogler J, Eitel C, Phan L, Keelani A, Feher M, Traub A, Samara O, Kuck K, Tilz R. Impact of very wide antral pulmonary vein isolation on esophageal temperature changes during pulsed field ablation. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Esophageal thermal injury (ETI) is a serious drawback of available energy sources for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, especially on the posterior left atrial (LA) wall. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel non-thermal energy source with promising safety advantages over existing methods due to its unique myocardial tissue specificity sparing the esophagus.
Objective
To evaluate esophageal temperature changes during very wide antral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using the PFA system.
Methods
Thirteen consecutive AF patients (62% with paroxysmal AF; age: 61 years; 70% male) underwent first-time PFA under deep sedation. Eight pulse trains (2kV/2.5 sec, bipolar, biphasic, 4x basket/flower configuration each) were delivered to each pulmonary vein (PV). Extra pulse trains in the flower configuration were added for very wide antral circumferential ablation (vWACA). Continuous intraluminal esophageal temperature (TESO) was monitored with an S-shaped esophageal temperature probe.
Results
A median of 32 (IQR 32;32) and 8 (IQR 8;9) pulse trains for PVI and vWACA with a procedural time and catheter dwell time of 67 min (IQR 61-69) and 17 min (IQR 16-18) were applied. PFA with vWACA resulted in consecutive posterior LA wall isolation in 11/13 patients. Fluoroscopically, the esophagus coursed near the right PVs in 2/13, left PVs in 8/13 and mid-posterior wall position in 3/13 patients. Maximum TESO increase from baseline was 0.8 ±0.9 °C. However, no clinically relevant TESO changes occurred (Table 1). On short-term, all patients remained asymptomatic for sore throat, cough, or other symptoms potentially related to ETI. No esophago-duodenoscopy was necessary.
Conclusion
PFA of the PVs and lesion extension to the posterior LA wall demonstrated clinically non-significant TESO changes and has the potential to eliminate the risk of a thermal damage to the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kirstein
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Heeger
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - J Vogler
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Eitel
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - L Phan
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - A Keelani
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - M Feher
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - A Traub
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - O Samara
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - K Kuck
- LANS Cardio, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Tilz
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
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Kirstein B, Vogler J, Eitel C, Phan L, Feher M, Keelani A, Traub A, D’ Ambrosio G, Grosse N, Reincke S, Hatahet S, Trajanoski D, Kuck K, Tilz R, Heeger C. Very high-power short-duration temperature-controlled ablation for cavotricuspid isthmus block : the Fast-and-Furious CTI study. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Catheter ablation for typical right atrial flutter (AFL) provides an effective treatment associated with encouraging clinical outcome. The novel micro-electrode ablation catheter allows very high-power short-duration (vHP-SD, 90 W/4 sec) ablation and potentially offers the ability to perform a safe, effective and faster cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation.
Aims
We evaluated feasibility and efficacy of a vHP-SD (90 W/4 sec) temperature-controlled radiofrequency (RF) CTI ablation for AFL using a novel contact force (CF) sensing ablation catheter with micro-electrodes.
Methods
Fifteen consecutive patients (median age 75 years (interquartile range, IQR: 67, 79), 67 % male) with documented typical AFL were prospectively enrolled and underwent vHP-SD based CTI ablation (90 W/4 sec). Durability of CTI block was proven by pacing maneuvers from both sides of the ablation line.
Results
Complete CTI block using vHP-SD ablation was achieved in all patients (Figure 1). At median 23 (IQR 20; 39) RF applications over a median RF ablation time of 92 (IQR 78, 154) seconds were applied. It was not necessary to switch to the standard temperature-controlled mode to achieve durable CTI block. No periprocedural complications, no charring and no steam pops were observed.
Conclusions
Very high-power short-duration (90 W/4 sec) CTI ablation for the treatment of typical AFL is feasible and efficient. Effective CTI block can be achieved in about 1.5 minutes of RF time.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kirstein
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - J Vogler
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Eitel
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - L Phan
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - M Feher
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - A Keelani
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - A Traub
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - N Grosse
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - S Reincke
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - S Hatahet
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - K Kuck
- LANS Cardio, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Tilz
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Heeger
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
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Tilz R, Heeger C, Eitel C, Vogler J, Phan L, Feher M, Keelani A, Kuck K, Kirstein B. Comparison of ostial versus very wide antral circumferential pulmonary vein isolation using pulsed field ablation. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the gold standard for first-time atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures. Wide antral circumferential ablation (WACA) in comparison to ostial PVI has been attributed to an improved rhythm outcome after AF ablation. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel energy source with promising safety and efficacy advantages over existing ablation methods due to its unique myocardial tissue specificity. Feasibility of PFA for very WACA has not been investigated so far.
Objective
To evaluate procedural characteristics and lesion formation during wide antral circumferential PVI in comparison to ostial PVI using a PFA system.
Methods
Thirty-seven consecutive AF patients underwent first-time PFA under deep sedation. Patients eighter received ostial (ostial group; N = 15: 66 % paroxysmal AF; age: 69 years; 66 % male) or very wide antral (vWACA group; N = 22: 59 % paroxysmal AF; age: 62 years; 73 % male) PFA. Pre and post ablation LA voltage maps were acquired using a 20-pole spiral catheter together with a 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system (voltage cutoff ≤0.5 mV). On post ablation maps, lesion size by encircling the ablated area was measured. In all patients, 8 pulse trains (2kV/2.5 sec, bipolar, biphasic, 4x basket/flower configuration each) were delivered to each pulmonary vein (PV). In the vWACA-group, extra pulse trains in flower configuration were added to each PV in a wide antral position continuous intraluminal esophageal temperatures (TESO) were monitored with an S-shaped esophageal temperature probe.
Results
A median of 8 [IQR 8;8] and 10 [IQR 10;11] pulse trains per PV for ostial and vWACA PVI were applied. vWACA PFA resulted in significant larger lesion formation (47.3 cm2 [IQR 39.1; 52.0]) in comparison to ostial PFA (35.5 cm2 [IQR 30.3; 38.1], p=0.013) with consecutive posterior LA wall isolation in 19/22 (86 %) patients (Figure 1). In the vWACA group, median TESO increased by 0.7 °C (TESOmax 36.5 °C [IQR 36.0;36.9]). However, the vWACA approach was not associated with a significant increase in procedure time, sedation dosage or exposure to radiation.
Conclusion
Very wide antral circumferential PFA of the PVs is feasible and was associated with significant larger lesion formation in comparison to conventional ostial PFA. Concomitant posterior LA wall isolation occurred in the majority of patient and did not result in a clinically significant increase of intraluminal esophageal temperatures, procedure time, sedation and radiation dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tilz
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Heeger
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Eitel
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - J Vogler
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - L Phan
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - M Feher
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - A Keelani
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - K Kuck
- LANS Cardio, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Kirstein
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
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Vano Y, Phan L, Gravis G, Korakis I, Schlürmann F, Maillet D, Bennamoun M, Houede N, Topart D, Borchiellini D, Barthelemy P, Ratta R, Ryckewaert T, Hasbini A, Hans S, Emambux S, Cournier S, Braychenko E, Elaidi RT, Oudard S. 673P Cabozantinib-nivolumab (CN) vs. nivolumab-cabozantinib (NC) in patients (pts) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) following one prior VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI): The CABIR multicentric matching-adjusted study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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7
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Nguyen H, Phan L, Huynh H, Huynh H. Recommendation with quantitative implication rules. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Context-aware Systems and Applications 2019. [DOI: 10.4108/eai.13-7-2018.156837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zinner R, Cowan S, Solomides C, Hooper D, Harshyne L, Lu-Yao G, Yang H, Phan L, Poller D, Leiby B, Werner-Wasik M, Lu B, Johnson J, Axelrod R, Argiris A, Evans N. P3.17-22 Nivolumab Plus Cisplatin/Pemetrexed or Cisplatin/Gemcitabine as Induction in Resectable NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Harris J, Nguyen P, To Q, Hajeebhoy N, Phan L, Vu H, Frongillo E, Lapping K, Menon P. Improvement in Provincial Plans for Nutrition through Targeted Technical Assistance and Local Advocacy in Vietnam. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.904.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Q To
- Health Education and BehaviorUniv. of SouthCarolinaUnited States
| | | | | | | | - E Frongillo
- Health Education and BehaviorUniv. of SouthCarolinaUnited States
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Fuentes-Mattei E, Phan L, Velazquez-Torres G, Zhang F, Chou PC, Shin JH, Choi HH, Chen JS, Chen J, Gully C, Carlock C, Zhao R, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Esteva FJ, Lou Y, McKeehan WL, Ensor JE, Hortobagyi GN, Pusztai L, Symmans WF, Lee MH, Yeung SCJ. Abstract P3-01-04: Obesity induces functional transcriptomic changes enhancing the cancer hallmarks of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p3-01-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of cancer death among postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but the direct evidence for the mechanisms is lacking. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate direct evidence for the mechanisms mediating this epidemiologic phenomenon. Transcriptomic profiles of pretreatment biopsies from a prospective cohort of 137 ER+ breast cancer patients were analyzed. A transgenic and an orthotopic/syngeneic obese mouse models were created to phenocopy obese patients and evaluate the effect of obesity on breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression, and to explore further direct mechanisms. Functional transcriptomic analysis of untreated human ER+ breast cancer revealed that obesity was associated with increased insulin signaling among others. Many of the functional changes in obese patients were linked to cancer hallmarks. Obese mouse models recapitulated the functional transcriptomic landscape of obesity-associated changes seen in human ER+ breast cancer and demonstrated the role of the Akt/mTOR pathway in obesity-induced breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Functional transcriptomic analysis identified 85 biological functions common to humans and mice. An in vitro co-culture model revealed that adipocyte-secreted adipokines (e.g., TIMP-1) regulate adipocyte-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The human transcriptomic data provided direct evidence for the roles of hyperinsulinemia, estrogen signaling, adipokine secretion, and inflammation in the link between obesity and ER+ breast cancer. Our animal experiments provide strong evidence for the causal relationship between obesity and accelerated carcinogenesis and cancer progression and for potential therapeutic interventions by blocking these signaling pathways.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-01-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fuentes-Mattei
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - L Phan
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - G Velazquez-Torres
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - F Zhang
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - P-C Chou
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - J-H Shin
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - H-H Choi
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - J-S Chen
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - J Chen
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - C Gully
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - C Carlock
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - R Zhao
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - Y Qi
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - Y Zhang
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - Y Wu
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - FJ Esteva
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - Y Lou
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - WL McKeehan
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - JE Ensor
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - GN Hortobagyi
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - L Pusztai
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - WF Symmans
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - M-H Lee
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
| | - S-CJ Yeung
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology (IBT), Houston, TX
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Gao H, Phan L, Lin Y. Parallel multigrid solver of radiative transfer equation for photon transport via graphics processing unit. J Biomed Opt 2012; 17:96004-1. [PMID: 23085905 PMCID: PMC3497889 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.9.096004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A graphics processing unit-based parallel multigrid solver for a radiative transfer equation with vacuum boundary condition or reflection boundary condition is presented for heterogeneous media with complex geometry based on two-dimensional triangular meshes or three-dimensional tetrahedral meshes. The computational complexity of this parallel solver is linearly proportional to the degrees of freedom in both angular and spatial variables, while the full multigrid method is utilized to minimize the number of iterations. The overall gain of speed is roughly 30 to 300 fold with respect to our prior multigrid solver, which depends on the underlying regime and the parallelization. The numerical validations are presented with the MATLAB codes at https://sites.google.com/site/rtefastsolver/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gao
- Emory University, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Jiang L, Wang G, Phan L, Sonderfan A, Paris M, Or Y. P2092 Preclinical pharmacokinetics and interspecies scaling of EDP-420, afirst-in-class bicyclolide. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Ferguson DJP, Campbell SA, Henriquez FL, Phan L, Mui E, Richards TA, Muench SP, Allary M, Lu JZ, Prigge ST, Tomley F, Shirley MW, Rice DW, McLeod R, Roberts CW. Enzymes of type II fatty acid synthesis and apicoplast differentiation and division in Eimeria tenella. Int J Parasitol 2006; 37:33-51. [PMID: 17112527 PMCID: PMC2803676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites, Eimeria tenella, Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, possess a homologous plastid-like organelle termed the apicoplast, derived from the endosymbiotic enslavement of a photosynthetic alga. However, currently no eimerian nuclear encoded apicoplast targeted proteins have been identified, unlike in Plasmodium spp. and T. gondii. In this study, we demonstrate that nuclear encoded enoyl reductase of E. tenella (EtENR) has a predicted N-terminal bipartite transit sequence, typical of apicoplast-targeted proteins. Using a combination of immunocytochemistry and EM we demonstrate that this fatty acid biosynthesis protein is located in the apicoplast of E. tenella. Using the EtENR as a tool to mark apicoplast development during the Eimeria lifecycle, we demonstrate that nuclear and apicoplast division appear to be independent events, both organelles dividing prior to daughter cell formation, with each daughter cell possessing one to four apicoplasts. We believe this is the first report of multiple apicoplasts present in the infectious stage of an apicomplexan parasite. Furthermore, the microgametes lacked an identifiable apicoplast consistent with maternal inheritance via the macrogamete. It was found that the size of the organelle and the abundance of EtENR varied with developmental stage of the E. tenella lifecycle. The high levels of EtENR protein observed during asexual development and macrogametogony is potentially associated with the increased synthesis of fatty acids required for the rapid formation of numerous merozoites and for the extracellular development and survival of the oocyst. Taken together the data demonstrate that the E. tenella apicoplast participates in type II fatty acid biosynthesis with increased expression of ENR during parasite growth. Apicoplast division results in the simultaneous formation of multiple fragments. The division mechanism is unknown, but is independent of nuclear division and occurs prior to daughter formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J P Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Pathology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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15
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Hoff PM, Hoff AO, Phan AT, Sherman SI, Yao J, White N, Phan L, Abbruzzese JL, Gagel RF. Phase I/II trial of capecitabine (C), dacarbazine (D) and imatinib (I) (CDI) for patients (pts) metastatic medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
13048 Background: MTC is a rare tumor that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy. 5-FU and D are frequently used, with an expected response rate of around 15%. MTC is often associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by a mutation in the RET proto-oncogene which encodes RET, a tyrosine kinase receptor. I is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against c-Kit, PDGF and possibly RET, and we postulated that its addition to chemotherapy would increase its efficacy against this disease. Methods: We designed a phase I/II trial combining escalating doses of oral C, IV D and oral I. Pts with any advanced solid tumors were eligible for the phase I part of the trial. Results: 13 pts were entered and 12 were eligible (7 MTC, 2 adrenocortical, 1 islet-cell, 1 insular thyroid and 1 small cell). 4 pts did not complete one cycle (1 pt withdrew after 5 days and 2 pts progressed in less than 10 days and were replaced for toxicity analysis, 1 had a DLT and is included). 3 patients were entered in dose level 1, without DLT. 2 out of 6 pts developed DLT at the second dose level (1 G 3 fatigue and 1 G3 hypokalemia). Three additional pts are being entered on dose level 1. The first one had PD after 7 days and is being replaced. For the 11 pts who were evaluable, best response was 3 SD (range 3 to 9 + months) and 8 PD. Conclusions: The combination of CDI is feasible but has resulted in an unexpected pattern of toxicity in this patient population, with fatigue and hypokalemia as the DLT. No significant diarrhea or hand-foot syndrome was seen. Only G1 and 2 fluid retention and neutropenia have been encountered. Only minor reduction in tumor size has been seen among these heavily pretreated pts. Once the phase I is complete, the trial will continue in a phase II setting for untreated MTC pts. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Hoff
- M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A. O. Hoff
- M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A. T. Phan
- M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - J. Yao
- M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - N. White
- M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L. Phan
- M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Asano K, Phan L, Valásek L, Schoenfeld LW, Shalev A, Clayton J, Nielsen K, Donahue TF, Hinnebusch AG. A multifactor complex of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, eIF5, and tRNA(i)Met promotes initiation complex assembly and couples GTP hydrolysis to AUG recognition. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2003; 66:403-15. [PMID: 12762043 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2001.66.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Asano
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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17
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Thomas JS, Le Pol J, Gillet S, Phan L. SIRRUS: evaluation software of the technical and economic profitability of rainwater on an industrial site. Water Sci Technol 2002; 46:71-76. [PMID: 12380976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In a sustainable development context, the storm water reuse in industry seems a promising and original alternative, but few experiences exist. A project, sponsored by the European Community and the Artois-Picardie Water Agency, has been carried out by the Renault MCA factory in Maubeuge, demonstrating that it can be profitable, in certain conditions, to reuse storm water in industrial processes. This article summarises this experience, and presents a decision making tool (SIRRUS) that has been developed in this framework by Anjou Recherche (Vivendi Water) to evaluate, on the basis of simple criteria, if this experience is or is not reproducible on a given site, and how much time is necessary to pay the investment back. Its application and different results are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Thomas
- and Water Anjou-Recherche, St Maurice, France
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18
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Shalev A, Valásek L, Pise-Masison CA, Radonovich M, Phan L, Clayton J, He H, Brady JN, Hinnebusch AG, Asano K. Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Pci8p and human protein eIF3e/Int-6 interact with the eIF3 core complex by binding to cognate eIF3b subunits. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:34948-57. [PMID: 11457827 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian, plant, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe eukaryotic initiation factor-3 (eIF3) contains a protein homologous to the product of int-6 (eIF3e), a frequent integration site of mouse mammary tumor viruses. By contrast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not encode a protein closely related to eIF3e/Int-6. Here, we characterize a novel S. cerevisiae protein (Pci8p, Yil071cp) that contains a PCI (proteasome-COP9 signalosome-eIF3) domain conserved in eIF3e/Int-6. We show that both Pci8p and human eIF3e/Int-6 expressed in budding yeast interact with the yeast eIF3 complex in vivo and in vitro by binding to a discrete segment of its eIF3b subunit Prt1p and that human eIF3e/Int-6 interacts with the human eIF3b segment homologous to the Pci8p-binding site of yeast Prt1p. These results refine our understanding of subunit interactions in the eIF3 complex and suggest structural similarity between human eIF3e/Int-6 and yeast Pci8p. However, deletion of PCI8 had no discernible effect on cell growth or translation initiation as judged by polysome analysis, suggesting that Pci8p is not required for the essential function of eIF3 in translation initiation. Motivated by the involvement of Int-6 in transcriptional control, we investigated the effects of deleting PCI8 on the total mRNA expression profile by oligonucleotide microarray analysis and found reduced mRNA levels for a subset of heat shock proteins in the pci8Delta mutant. We discuss possible dual functions of Pci8p and Int-6 in transcriptional and translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shalev
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, NICHD, and the Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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19
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Akiyoshi Y, Clayton J, Phan L, Yamamoto M, Hinnebusch AG, Watanabe Y, Asano K. Fission yeast homolog of murine Int-6 protein, encoded by mouse mammary tumor virus integration site, is associated with the conserved core subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:10056-62. [PMID: 11134033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010188200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine int-6 locus, identified as a frequent integration site of mouse mammary tumor viruses, encodes the 48-kDa eIF3e subunit of translation initiation factor eIF3. Previous studies indicated that the catalytically active core of budding yeast eIF3 consists of five subunits, all conserved in eukaryotes, but does not contain a protein closely related to eIF3e/Int-6. Whereas the budding yeast genome does not encode a protein closely related to murine Int-6, fission yeast does encode an Int-6 ortholog, designated here Int6. We found that fission yeast Int6/eIF3e is a cytoplasmic protein associated with 40 S ribosomes. FLAG epitope-tagged Tif35, a putative core eIF3g subunit, copurified with Int6 and all five orthologs of core eIF3 subunits. An int6 deletion (int6Delta) mutant was viable but grew slowly in minimal medium. This slow growth phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in the amount of polyribosomes engaged in translation and was complemented by expression of human Int-6 protein. These findings support the idea that human and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Int-6 homologs are involved in translation. Interestingly, haploid int6Delta cells showed unequal nuclear partitioning, possibly because of a defect in tubulin function, and diploid int6Delta cells formed abnormal spores. We propose that Int6 is not an essential subunit of eIF3 but might be involved in regulating the activity of eIF3 for translation of specific mRNAs in S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Akiyoshi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan
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20
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Abstract
In response to a need for a general catalog of genome variation to address the large-scale sampling designs required by association studies, gene mapping and evolutionary biology, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has established the dbSNP database [S.T.Sherry, M.Ward and K. Sirotkin (1999) Genome Res., 9, 677-679]. Submissions to dbSNP will be integrated with other sources of information at NCBI such as GenBank, PubMed, LocusLink and the Human Genome Project data. The complete contents of dbSNP are available to the public at website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP. The complete contents of dbSNP can also be downloaded in multiple formats via anonymous FTP at ftp://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Sherry
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
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He P, Phan L, Gu G, Hervouet G. Reclaimed municipal wastewater--a potential water resource in China. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:51-58. [PMID: 11436803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to water resource shortage and socio-economic development within twenty years, China faces serious problems of water supply and water pollution. Several criteria and suitable reclamation processes related to water reuse have been created in China, which are helpful to improve the situation of water scarcity. In the future, reclaimed municipal wastewater reuse will mainly be developed for urban and industrial use. Potential supply quantity of reclaimed water, quality of reclaimed water, and reclamation cost are favorable to potential reuses. Based on further public environmental education, on a relevant development of national and local standards for reclaimed water quality, and on an increase of sanitary rate, more and more planned reclaimed water reuse projects would be expected in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- P He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Reclamation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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22
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Zug M, Faure D, De Belly B, Phan L. Use of real time control modelling on the urban sewage system of Nancy. Water Sci Technol 2001; 44:261-268. [PMID: 11547993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since 1991, European Legislation on the urban treatment of wastewater requires local authorities to take into account the treatment of polluted water transported by the sewerage system and this during dry and wet weather conditions. In the seventies, the urban Community of Grand Nancy constructed storage tanks in its sewerage system in order to prevent flooding and wish today to use them to reduce and control the pollution discharges into the receiving water. This action is a part of a European LIFE project 1996-2000. The main aim of this project was to assess the effectiveness of reducing pollution of one particular retention basin, the 12,000 m3 Gentilly tank. This one has two operating modes: protection against floods during heavy rain and reduction of pollutant overflows during lighter rain. To assess its effect on the pollutant discharge, the HYDROWORKS DM software and its Real Time Control Module have been used, calibrated and validated. As this study is still in progress, this paper describes the studied site and the modelling results under different weather conditions and shows that the mathematical model can be used to simulate the operation of the catchment area and its associated sewerage system realistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zug
- Anjou-Recherche, Saint Maurice, France
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23
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Intine RV, Sakulich AL, Koduru SB, Huang Y, Pierstorff E, Goodier JL, Phan L, Maraia RJ. Control of transfer RNA maturation by phosphorylation of the human La antigen on serine 366. Mol Cell 2000; 6:339-48. [PMID: 10983981 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)00034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of a nascent precursor tRNA to a mature functional species is a multipartite process that involves the sequential actions of several processing and modifying enzymes. La is the first protein to interact with pre-tRNAs in eukaryotes. An opal suppressor tRNA served as a functional probe to examine the activities of yeast and human (h)La proteins in this process in fission yeast. An RNA recognition motif and Walker motif in the metazoan-specific C-terminal domain (CTD) of hLa maintain pre-tRNA in an unprocessed state by blocking the 5'-processing site, impeding an early step in the pathway. Faithful phosphorylation of hLa on serine 366 reverses this block and promotes tRNA maturation. The results suggest that regulation of tRNA maturation at the level of RNase P cleavage may occur via phosphorylation of serine 366 of hLa.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Intine
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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24
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Anderson J, Phan L, Hinnebusch AG. The Gcd10p/Gcd14p complex is the essential two-subunit tRNA(1-methyladenosine) methyltransferase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5173-8. [PMID: 10779558 PMCID: PMC25801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.090102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The modified nucleoside 1-methyladenosine (m(1)A) is found at position 58 in the TPsiC loop of many eukaryotic tRNAs. The absence of m(1)A from all tRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking Gcd10p elicits severe defects in processing and stability of initiator methionine tRNA (tRNA(i)(Met)). Gcd10p is found in a complex with Gcd14p, which contains conserved motifs for binding S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). These facts, plus our demonstration that gcd14Delta cells lacked m(1)A, strongly suggested that Gcd10p/Gcd14p complex is the yeast tRNA(m(1)A)methyltransferase [(m(1)A)MTase]. Supporting this prediction, affinity-purified Gcd10p/Gcd14p complexes used AdoMet as a methyl donor to synthesize m(1)A in either total tRNA or purified tRNA(i)(Met) lacking only this modification. Kinetic analysis of the purified complex revealed K(M) values for AdoMet or tRNA(i)(Met) of 5.0 microM and 2.5 nM, respectively. Mutations in the predicted AdoMet-binding domain destroyed GCD14 function in vivo and (m(1)A)MTase activity in vitro. Purified Flag-tagged Gcd14p alone had no enzymatic activity and was severely impaired for tRNA-binding compared with the wild-type complex, suggesting that Gcd10p is required for tight binding of the tRNA substrate. Our results provide a demonstration of a two-component tRNA MTase and suggest that binding of AdoMet and tRNA substrates depends on different subunits of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Anderson
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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25
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Asano K, Krishnamoorthy T, Phan L, Pavitt GD, Hinnebusch AG. Conserved bipartite motifs in yeast eIF5 and eIF2Bepsilon, GTPase-activating and GDP-GTP exchange factors in translation initiation, mediate binding to their common substrate eIF2. EMBO J 1999; 18:1673-88. [PMID: 10075937 PMCID: PMC1171254 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.6.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation, eIF5 stimulates the hydrolysis of GTP bound to eIF2 in the 40S ribosomal pre-initiation complex, and the resultant GDP on eIF2 is replaced with GTP by the complex nucleotide exchange factor, eIF2B. Bipartite motifs rich in aromatic and acidic residues are conserved at the C-termini of eIF5 and the catalytic (epsilon) subunit of eIF2B. Here we show that these bipartite motifs are important for the binding of these factors, both in vitro and in vivo, to the beta subunit of their common substrate eIF2. We also find that three lysine-rich boxes in the N-terminal segment of eIF2beta mediate the binding of eIF2 to both eIF5 and eIF2B. Thus, eIF5 and eIF2Bepsilon employ the same sequence motif to facilitate interaction with the same segment of their common substrate. In agreement with this, archaea appear to lack eIF5, eIF2B and the lysine-rich binding domain for these factors in their eIF2beta homolog. The eIF5 bipartite motif is also important for its interaction with the eIF3 complex through the NIP1-encoded subunit of eIF3. Thus, the bipartite motif in eIF5 appears to be multifunctional, stimulating its recruitment to the 40S pre-initiation complex through interaction with eIF3 in addition to binding of its substrate eIF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asano
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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Anderson J, Phan L, Cuesta R, Carlson BA, Pak M, Asano K, Björk GR, Tamame M, Hinnebusch AG. The essential Gcd10p-Gcd14p nuclear complex is required for 1-methyladenosine modification and maturation of initiator methionyl-tRNA. Genes Dev 1998; 12:3650-62. [PMID: 9851972 PMCID: PMC317256 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.23.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1998] [Accepted: 10/09/1998] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gcd10p and Gcd14p are essential proteins required for the initiation of protein synthesis and translational repression of GCN4 mRNA. The phenotypes of gcd10 mutants were suppressed by high-copy-number IMT genes, encoding initiator methionyl tRNA (tRNAiMet), or LHP1, encoding the yeast homolog of the human La autoantigen. The gcd10-504 mutation led to a reduction in steady-state levels of mature tRNAiMet, attributable to increased turnover rather than decreased synthesis of pre-tRNAiMet. Remarkably, the lethality of a GCD10 deletion was suppressed by high-copy-number IMT4, indicating that its role in expression of mature tRNAiMet is the essential function of Gcd10p. A gcd14-2 mutant also showed reduced amounts of mature tRNAiMet, but in addition, displayed a defect in pre-tRNAiMet processing. Gcd10p and Gcd14p were found to be subunits of a protein complex with prominent nuclear localization, suggesting a direct role in tRNAiMet maturation. The chromatographic behavior of elongator and initiator tRNAMet on a RPC-5 column indicated that both species are altered structurally in gcd10Delta cells, and analysis of base modifications revealed that 1-methyladenosine (m1A) is undetectable in gcd10Delta tRNA. Interestingly, gcd10 and gcd14 mutations had no effect on processing or accumulation of elongator tRNAMet, which also contains m1A at position 58, suggesting a unique requirement for this base modification in initiator maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Anderson
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
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27
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Greenberg JR, Phan L, Gu Z, deSilva A, Apolito C, Sherman F, Hinnebusch AG, Goldfarb DS. Nip1p associates with 40 S ribosomes and the Prt1p subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 and is required for efficient translation initiation. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:23485-94. [PMID: 9722586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.36.23485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nip1p is an essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that was identified in a screen for temperature conditional (ts) mutants exhibiting defects in nuclear transport. New results indicate that Nip1p has a primary role in translation initiation. Polysome profiles indicate that cells depleted of Nip1p and nip1-1 cells are defective in translation initiation, a conclusion that is supported by a reduced rate of protein synthesis in Nip1p-depleted cells. Nip1p cosediments with free 40 S ribosomal subunits and polysomal preinitiation complexes, but not with free or elongating 80 S ribosomes or 60 S subunits. Nip1p can be isolated in an about 670-kDa complex containing polyhistidine-tagged Prt1p, a subunit of translation initiation factor 3, by binding to Ni2+-NTA-agarose beads in a manner completely dependent on the tagged form of Prt1p. The nip1-1 ts growth defect was suppressed by the deletion of the ribosomal protein, RPL46. Also, nip1-1 mutant cells are hypersensitive to paromomycin. These results suggest that Nip1p is a subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 required for efficient translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Greenberg
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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28
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Phan L, Zhang X, Asano K, Anderson J, Vornlocher HP, Greenberg JR, Qin J, Hinnebusch AG. Identification of a translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) core complex, conserved in yeast and mammals, that interacts with eIF5. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:4935-46. [PMID: 9671501 PMCID: PMC109077 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.8.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/1998] [Accepted: 05/11/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Only five of the nine subunits of human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) have recognizable homologs encoded in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, and only two of these (Prt1p and Tif34p) were identified previously as subunits of yeast eIF3. We purified a polyhistidine-tagged form of Prt1p (His-Prt1p) by Ni2+ affinity and gel filtration chromatography and obtained a complex of approximately 600 kDa composed of six polypeptides whose copurification was completely dependent on the polyhistidine tag on His-Prt1p. All five polypeptides associated with His-Prt1p were identified by mass spectrometry, and four were found to be the other putative homologs of human eIF3 subunits encoded in S. cerevisiae: YBR079c/Tif32p, Nip1p, Tif34p, and YDR429c/Tif35p. The fifth Prt1p-associated protein was eIF5, an initiation factor not previously known to interact with eIF3. The purified complex could rescue Met-tRNAiMet binding to 40S ribosomes in defective extracts from a prt1 mutant or extracts from which Nip1p had been depleted, indicating that it possesses a known biochemical activity of eIF3. These findings suggest that Tif32p, Nip1p, Prt1p, Tif34p, and Tif35p comprise an eIF3 core complex, conserved between yeast and mammals, that stably interacts with eIF5. Nip1p bound to eIF5 in yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein binding assays. Interestingly, Sui1p also interacts with Nip1p, and both eIF5 and Sui1p have been implicated in accurate recognition of the AUG start codon. Thus, eIF5 and Sui1p may be recruited to the 40S ribosomes through physical interactions with the Nip1p subunit of eIF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Phan
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Mezrich R, Horii S, Feingold E, Kahlsa S, Kundel H, Grevera G, Shresta S, Phan L, Scoleri S. The path to a filmless radiology department: the HUP experience. J Digit Imaging 1998; 11:106-9. [PMID: 9735445 PMCID: PMC3453379 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Mezrich
- Department of Radiology, HUP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Asano K, Phan L, Anderson J, Hinnebusch AG. Complex formation by all five homologues of mammalian translation initiation factor 3 subunits from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:18573-85. [PMID: 9660829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.29.18573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The PRT1, TIF34, GCD10, and SUI1 proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found previously to copurify with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) activity. Although TIF32, NIP1, and TIF35 are homologous to subunits of human eIF3, they were not known to be components of the yeast factor. We detected interactions between PRT1, TIF34, and TIF35 by the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro binding assays. Discrete segments (70-150 amino acids) of PRT1 and TIF35 were found to be responsible for their binding to TIF34. Temperature-sensitive mutations mapping in WD-repeat domains of TIF34 were isolated that decreased binding between TIF34 and TIF35 in vitro. The lethal effect of these mutations was suppressed by increasing TIF35 gene dosage, suggesting that the TIF34-TIF35 interaction is important for TIF34 function in translation. Pairwise in vitro interactions were also detected between PRT1 and TIF32, TIF32 and NIP1, and NIP1 and SUI1. Furthermore, PRT1, NIP1, TIF34, TIF35, and a polypeptide with the size of TIF32 were specifically coimmunoprecipitated from the ribosomal salt wash fraction. We propose that all five yeast proteins homologous to human eIF3 subunits are components of a stable heteromeric complex in vivo and may comprise the conserved core of yeast eIF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asano
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Chandra S, Clark LV, Coatney RW, Phan L, Sarkar SK, Ohlstein EH. Application of serial in vivo magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the efficacy of endothelin receptor antagonist SB 217242 in the rat carotid artery model of neointima formation. Circulation 1998; 97:2252-8. [PMID: 9631875 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.97.22.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alleviating vascular restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty remains a formidable challenge. Although multiple factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this vascular remodeling disorder, only limited therapeutic success has been achieved. Endothelin (ET)-1 has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of neointimal growth. We report the in vivo efficacy of SB 217242, a nonpeptide dual ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist with high oral bioavailability, in the rat carotid artery balloon angioplasty model. METHODS AND RESULTS The lumen volumes of carotid arteries were estimated serially with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and at day 7 and day 14 after balloon catheter-induced denudation of the carotid arterial wall in the rat. Histomorphometric analysis was performed at day 14 after surgery to quantitate intimal hyperplasia. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA followed by post hoc Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. In comparison to vehicle-treated animals, a 20% protection (P<0.05) from reduction was shown in the estimated lumen volume with long-term administration of SB 217242 (15 mg/kg BID p.o.). Histologic analyses indicated a 42% decrease (P<0.05) in neointimal growth. The MRI lumen volumes had a significant correlation with the corresponding histologic indices. CONCLUSIONS Serial MRI provides the opportunity to assess the progression of vascular lumen volume in vivo after balloon angioplasty. MRI measurements can, in conjunction with in vitro histologic measurements, contribute to the understanding of the actions of pharmacologic agents in experimental models of neointima formation. With the use of serial MRI and histologic measurements, it is demonstrated that protection from both lumen volume reduction and neointima formation is obtained in this model by use of a potent, nonpeptide dual ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, SB 217242. Furthermore, this study provides additional support to the implication of ET-1 in the pathophysiology of neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandra
- Department of Physical and Structural Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Safrin S, Phan L, Elbeik T. A comparative evaluation of three methods of antiviral susceptibility testing of clinical herpes simplex virus isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995; 4:81-91. [PMID: 15566830 DOI: 10.1016/0928-0197(94)00059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1994] [Revised: 11/09/1994] [Accepted: 11/15/1994] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current methods of antiviral susceptibility testing for herpes simplex virus (HSV) are poorly standardized and have rarely been compared critically. OBJECTIVES To compare the three most commonly utilized HSV susceptibility assays for accuracy of result, method of implementation, and time required. STUDY DESIGN We compared susceptibility results for acyclovir and foscarnet using the plaque reduction, dye uptake and DNA hybridization assays in 30 patient isolates of HSV, of varying susceptibility pattern. Compared parameters included: values for ID(50) (the concentration of drug required to inhibit virus growth by 50% or more), ratio of ID(90) to ID(50), and correlation of susceptibility result with clinical response to antiviral therapy, when available. In addition, we compared ease of the assay, presence of objective endpoint, time required to generate the susceptibility result, and necessary equipment for implementation. RESULTS The dye uptake yielded ID(50) results that were approximately two-fold greater than those from the plaque reduction assay, while ID(50) values from the DNA hybridization assay were one-half those from the plaque reduction assay. Comparison of the correlation of susceptibility result with clinical response to acyclovir therapy in 17 instances and to foscarnet therapy in 10 instances suggested the possibility of a somewhat greater discriminative ability of the dye uptake assay, and a somewhat lesser discriminative ability of the DNA hybridization assay, when compared with results from the plaque reduction assay in isolates with borderline acyclovir susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Larger comparative studies are necessary to further differences in discriminative ability of the three assays for HSV. All three assays were deemed suboptimal due to an overly long turnaround time, associated expense, and/or level of equipment required for their performance. Continued evaluation of alternative, more rapid assays is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Safrin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Safrin S, Elbeik T, Phan L, Robinson D, Rush J, Elbaggari A, Mills J. Correlation between response to acyclovir and foscarnet therapy and in vitro susceptibility result for isolates of herpes simplex virus from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1246-50. [PMID: 8092821 PMCID: PMC188193 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.6.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro susceptibility testing of herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates will play an increasingly important role in guiding the clinical management of immunocompromised hosts who have lesions that are poorly responsive to therapy with standard antiviral agents. We assessed the correlation between the in vitro susceptibility result using a plaque reduction assay in Vero cells and the response to antiviral therapy with acyclovir or foscarnet for 243 clinical isolates of HSV collected from 115 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The in vitro results and clinical responses were highly associated for both acyclovir and foscarnet (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The predictive values of a susceptible result (50% effective concentrations, < 2 micrograms/ml for acyclovir and < 100 micrograms/ml for foscarnet) for complete healing of lesions were 62% for acyclovir and 82% for foscarnet; the predictive values of a resistant result for failure to heal were 95% for acyclovir and 88% for foscarnet. Thus, in vitro testing has clinical utility in guiding therapy, although the 1 to 2 weeks required to derive a definitive result by the plaque reduction assay is a major limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Safrin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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Safrin S, Phan L. In vitro activity of penciclovir against clinical isolates of acyclovir-resistant and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:2241-3. [PMID: 8257152 PMCID: PMC192259 DOI: 10.1128/aac.37.10.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested 23 clinical isolates of acyclovir-susceptible, acyclovir-resistant, and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus for susceptibility to penciclovir. Isolates showed cross-resistance to penciclovir and acyclovir, but penciclovir retained a relative activity against foscarnet-resistant isolates. Its clinical utility for the treatment of resistant herpes simplex virus infections remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Safrin
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco
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