1
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Messing M, Gatti DM, Mashhouri S, Nantel S, Sultana S, Westhaver LP, Patel KD, Marshall AJ, Haeryfar SMM, Jenne CN, Abraham N, Melichar HJ, McNagny KM, Valdez Tejeira Y. A Retrospective Analysis of Leadership, Awardees, and Member Gender Representation of the Canadian Society for Immunology. J Immunol 2024; 212:1257-1267. [PMID: 38560813 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Canadian Society for Immunology (CSI) established a formal Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Committee with the goal of providing EDI advocacy and leadership within the CSI, as well as in the broader scientific community. A first task of this committee was to review the publicly available historical data on gender representation within the CSI's membership, leadership, award recipients, and conference chairs/presenters as a step in establishing a baseline reference point and monitoring the trajectory of future success in achieving true inclusion. We found that, except for overall membership and a specific subset of awards, all categories showed a historical bias toward men, particularly prior to 2010. Bias persists in various categories, evident even in recent years. However, we note an encouraging trend toward greater gender parity, particularly in the roles of President, symposium presenters, and workshop chairs, especially from 2017 onward. We present these findings as well as our recommendations to enhance inclusivity. These include a more comprehensive collection and secure storage of self-identification data, emphasis on EDI as an essential component of all annual meeting activities, and innovative measures of outreach, collaboration, and leadership with the aim of making the CSI a model for improving EDI in other professional research societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Messing
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominique M Gatti
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Siavash Mashhouri
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabryna Nantel
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lauren P Westhaver
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kamala D Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- **Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yanet Valdez Tejeira
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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2
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Westhaver LP, Nersesian S, Arseneau RJ, Hefler J, Hargreaves BK, Edgar A, Azizieh Y, Cuesta-Gomez N, Izquierdo DL, Shapiro AJ, Gala-Lopez BL, Boudreau JE. Mitochondrial DNA levels in perfusate and bile during ex vivo normothermic machine correspond with donor liver quality. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27122. [PMID: 38463874 PMCID: PMC10920371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) preserves donor organs and permits real-time assessment of allograft health, but the most effective indicators of graft viability are uncertain. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), released consequent to traumatic cell injury and death, including the ischemia-reperfusion injury inherent in transplantation, may meet the need for a biomarker in this context. We describe a real time PCR-based approach to assess cell-free mtDNA during NMP as a universal biomarker of allograft quality. Measured in the perfusate fluid of 29 livers, the quantity of mtDNA correlated with metrics of donor liver health including International Normalized Ratio (INR), lactate, and warm ischemia time, and inversely correlated with inferior vena cava (IVC) flow during perfusion. Our findings endorse mtDNA as a simple and rapidly measured feature that can inform donor liver health, opening the possibility to better assess livers acquired from extended criteria donors to improve organ supply.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Joshua Hefler
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Edgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yara Azizieh
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dayne L. Izquierdo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Boris L. Gala-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
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3
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Nersesian S, Arseneau RJ, Mejia JP, Lee SN, Westhaver LP, Griffiths NW, Grantham SR, Meunier L, Communal L, Mukherjee A, Mes-Masson AM, Arnason T, Nelson BH, Boudreau JE. Improved overall survival in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer is associated with CD16a+ immunologic neighborhoods containing NK cells, T cells and macrophages. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1307873. [PMID: 38318505 PMCID: PMC10838965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1307873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For patients with high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary (HGSC), survival rates have remained static for the last half century. Despite the presence of tumor mutations and infiltration of immune cells, existing immunotherapies have achieved little success against HGSC. These observations highlight a gap in the understanding of how the immune system functions and interacts within HGSC tumors. Methods We analyzed duplicate core samples from 939 patients with HGSC to understand patterns of immune cell infiltration, localization, and associations with clinical features. We used high-parameter immunohistochemical/Opal multiplex, digital pathology, computational biology, and multivariate analysis to identify immune cell subsets and their associations with HGSC tumors. Results We defined six patterns of cellular infiltration by spatially restricted unsupervised clustering of cell subsets. Each pattern was represented to some extent in most patient samples, but their specific distributions differed. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) corresponded with higher infiltration of CD16a+ cells, and their co-localization with macrophages, T cells, NK cells, in one of six cellular neighborhoods that we defined with our spatial assessment. Conclusions Immune cell neighborhoods containing CD16a+ cells are associated with improved OS and PFS for patients with HGSC. Patterns of immunologic neighborhoods differentiate patient outcomes, and could inform future, more precise approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Riley J. Arseneau
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jorge P. Mejia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stacey N. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Liliane Meunier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Arnason
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health (Central Zone), Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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4
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Nersesian S, Carter EB, Lee SN, Westhaver LP, Boudreau JE. Killer instincts: natural killer cells as multifactorial cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269614. [PMID: 38090565 PMCID: PMC10715270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells integrate heterogeneous signals for activation and inhibition using germline-encoded receptors. These receptors are stochastically co-expressed, and their concurrent engagement and signaling can adjust the sensitivity of individual cells to putative targets. Against cancers, which mutate and evolve under therapeutic and immunologic pressure, the diversity for recognition provided by NK cells may be key to comprehensive cancer control. NK cells are already being trialled as adoptive cell therapy and targets for immunotherapeutic agents. However, strategies to leverage their naturally occurring diversity and agility have not yet been developed. In this review, we discuss the receptors and signaling pathways through which signals for activation or inhibition are generated in NK cells, focusing on their roles in cancer and potential as targets for immunotherapies. Finally, we consider the impacts of receptor co-expression and the potential to engage multiple pathways of NK cell reactivity to maximize the scope and strength of antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily B. Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stacey N. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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5
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Mashhouri S, Nantel S, Sultana S, Gatti D, Westhaver LP, Messing M, McNagny KM, Jenne CN, Melichar HJ, Valdez Tejeira Y, Nersesian S. Equity, Diversity and Inclusion in Canadian immunology: communication and complexity. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:473-478. [PMID: 37393193 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian Society for Immunology (CSI) organized an Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) training workshop during its 2022 Scientific Meeting to improve understanding of EDI and explore strategies to achieve EDI goals in the scientific environment. The workshop focused on identifying Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) goals related to EDI in academia through small group discussions and learning exercises. Attendees highlighted several equity considerations within the field of academic immunology, including financial barriers, lack of diversity in research teams and gender bias; they emphasized the importance of creating an inclusive and accessible research environment. The collection and use of data relevant to EDI goals within the CSI were also identified as challenges. Fostering a culture of active and nonjudgmental listening within the CSI community is another aspirational goal to address EDI. The workshop received positive feedback from attendees, who noted that more diverse voices and specific actions for local research environments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Mashhouri
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabryna Nantel
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Dominique Gatti
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren P Westhaver
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melina Messing
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yanet Valdez Tejeira
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Trainee Engagement Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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6
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Azizieh Y, Westhaver LP, Badrudin D, Boudreau JE, Gala-Lopez BL. Changing liver utilization and discard rates in clinical transplantation in the ex-vivo machine preservation era. Front Med Technol 2023; 5:1079003. [PMID: 36908294 PMCID: PMC9996101 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1079003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is a well-established treatment for many with end-stage liver disease. Unfortunately, the increasing organ demand has surpassed the donor supply, and approximately 30% of patients die while waiting for a suitable liver. Clinicians are often forced to consider livers of inferior quality to increase organ donation rates, but ultimately, many of those organs end up being discarded. Extensive testing in experimental animals and humans has shown that ex-vivo machine preservation allows for a more objective characterization of the graft outside the body, with particular benefit for suboptimal organs. This review focuses on the history of the implementation of ex-vivo liver machine preservation and how its enactment may modify our current concept of organ acceptability. We provide a brief overview of the major drivers of organ discard (age, ischemia time, steatosis, etc.) and how this technology may ultimately revert such a trend. We also discuss future directions for this technology, including the identification of new markers of injury and repair and the opportunity for other ex-vivo regenerative therapies. Finally, we discuss the value of this technology, considering current and future donor characteristics in the North American population that may result in a significant organ discard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Azizieh
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - David Badrudin
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Boris L Gala-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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7
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Westhaver LP, Nersesian S, Nelson A, MacLean LK, Carter EB, Boudreau JE. Preparation of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns from mouse liver tissue. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101738. [PMID: 36183256 PMCID: PMC9529582 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mitoDAMPs) are released from cells dying uncontrolled, non-apoptotic deaths, usually secondary to disease or trauma. Here, we describe preparation of mitoDAMPs from mouse liver, but this protocol can be adapted for preparation of mitoDAMPs from other species and tissues. Tissues are dissociated and then processed to isolate mitochondria. Mitochondria are then sonicated and mitoDAMPs are collected by ultracentrifugation. This procedure produces μg quantities of mitoDAMPs and facilitates research to understand their impacts in health and disease. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Westhaver et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P. Westhaver
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Room 7C, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Room 7C, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Leah K. MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily B. Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Room 7C, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Room 7C, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada,Corresponding author
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8
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Westhaver LP, Nersesian S, Nelson A, MacLean LK, Carter EB, Rowter D, Wang J, Gala-Lopez BL, Stadnyk AW, Johnston B, Boudreau JE. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns trigger arginase-dependent lymphocyte immunoregulation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110847. [PMID: 35613582 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage leads to loss of cellular and mitochondrial membrane integrity and release of damage-associated molecular patterns, including those of mitochondrial origin (mitoDAMPs). Here, we describe the lymphocyte response to mitoDAMPs. Using primary cells from mice and human donors, we demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells and T cells adopt regulatory phenotypes and functions in response to mitoDAMPs. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production, T cell proliferation, and in vivo anti-viral T cell activation are all interrupted in the presence of mitoDAMPs or mitoDAMP-rich irradiated cells in in vitro and in vivo assays. Mass spectrometry analysis of mitoDAMPs demonstrates that arginase and products of its enzymatic activity are prevalent in mitoDAMP preparations. Functional validation by arginase inhibition and/or arginine add-back shows that arginine depletion is responsible for the alteration in immunologic polarity. We conclude that lymphocyte responses to mitoDAMPs reflect a highly conserved mechanism that regulates inflammation in response to tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Leah K MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily B Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Derek Rowter
- CORES Facility, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Boris L Gala-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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9
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Attwood KM, Robichaud A, Westhaver LP, Castle EL, Brandman DM, Balgi AD, Roberge M, Colp P, Croul S, Kim I, McCormick C, Corcoran JA, Weeks A. Raloxifene prevents stress granule dissolution, impairs translational control and promotes cell death during hypoxia in glioblastoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:989. [PMID: 33203845 PMCID: PMC7673037 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and it has a uniformly poor prognosis. Hypoxia is a feature of the GBM microenvironment, and previous work has shown that cancer cells residing in hypoxic regions resist treatment. Hypoxia can trigger the formation of stress granules (SGs), sites of mRNA triage that promote cell survival. A screen of 1120 FDA-approved drugs identified 129 candidates that delayed the dissolution of hypoxia-induced SGs following a return to normoxia. Amongst these candidates, the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene delayed SG dissolution in a dose-dependent manner. SG dissolution typically occurs by 15 min post-hypoxia, however pre-treatment of immortalized U251 and U3024 primary GBM cells with raloxifene prevented SG dissolution for up to 2 h. During this raloxifene-induced delay in SG dissolution, translational silencing was sustained, eIF2α remained phosphorylated and mTOR remained inactive. Despite its well-described role as a SERM, raloxifene-mediated delay in SG dissolution was unaffected by co-administration of β-estradiol, nor did β-estradiol alone have any effect on SGs. Importantly, the combination of raloxifene and hypoxia resulted in increased numbers of late apoptotic/necrotic cells. Raloxifene and hypoxia also demonstrated a block in late autophagy similar to the known autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Genetic disruption of the SG-nucleating proteins G3BP1 and G3BP2 revealed that G3BP1 is required to sustain the raloxifene-mediated delay in SG dissolution. Together, these findings indicate that modulating the stress response can be used to exploit the hypoxic niche of GBM tumors, causing cell death by disrupting pro-survival stress responses and control of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Robichaud
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth L Castle
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David M Brandman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Aruna D Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia Colp
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sidney Croul
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Inhwa Kim
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adrienne Weeks
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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