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Bista S, Tait RJ, Straker LM, Lin A, Steinbeck K, Graham PL, Kang M, Lymer S, Robinson M, Marino JL, Skinner SR. Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from mid-childhood to late adolescence and childhood risk factors: Findings from a prospective pre-birth cohort. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38174409 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on heterogenous co-developmental trajectories of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems from childhood to adolescence and predictors of these joint trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from Raine Study participants (n = 2393) to identify these joint trajectories from 5 to 17 years using parallel-process latent class growth analysis and analyze childhood individual and family risk factors predicting these joint trajectories using multinomial logistic regression. Five trajectory classes were identified: Low-problems (Low-INT/Low-EXT, 29%), Moderate Externalizing (Moderate-EXT/Low-INT, 26.5%), Primary Internalizing (Moderate High-INT/Low-EXT, 17.5%), Co-occurring (High-INT/High-EXT, 17%), High Co-occurring (Very High-EXT/High-INT, 10%). Children classified in Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories (27% of the sample) exhibited clinically meaningful co-occurring problem behaviors and experienced more adverse childhood risk-factors than other three trajectories. Compared with Low-problems: parental marital problems, low family income, and absent father predicted Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories; maternal mental health problems commonly predicted Primary Internalizing, Co-occurring, and High Co-occurring trajectories; male sex and parental tobacco-smoking uniquely predicted High Co-occurring membership; other substance smoking uniquely predicted Co-occurring membership; speech difficulty uniquely predicted Primary Internalizing membership; child's temper-tantrums predicted all four trajectories, with increased odds ratios for High Co-occurring (OR = 8.95) and Co-occurring (OR = 6.07). Finding two co-occurring trajectories emphasizes the importance of early childhood interventions addressing comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Bista
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute & enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Petra L Graham
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Kang
- General Practice Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharyn Lymer
- Biostatistics Consultant, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Marino JL, Tait RJ, Straker LM, Schofield DJ, Doherty DA, Ivers RQ, Graham PL, Steinbeck K, Lymer S, Sanci LA, Patton GC, Liu B, Brooks FM, Kang MS, Hickey M, Cunich M, Bista S, Skinner SR. Health, social and economic implications of adolescent risk behaviours/states: protocol for Raine Study Gen2 cohort data linkage study. Longit Life Course Stud 2022; 13:647-666. [PMID: 35900894 DOI: 10.1332/175795921x16424353247247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk-taking behaviours are a major contributor to youth morbidity and mortality. Vulnerability to these negative outcomes is constructed from individual behaviour including risk-taking, and from social context, ecological determinants, early life experience, developmental capacity and mental health, contributing to a state of higher risk. However, although risk-taking is part of normal adolescent development, there is no systematic way to distinguish young people with a high probability of serious adverse outcomes, hindering the capacity to screen and intervene. This study aims to explore the association between risk behaviours/states in adolescence and negative health, social and economic outcomes through young adulthood. METHODS The Raine Study is a prospective cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1989-91, in Perth, Western Australia. The offspring cohort (N = 2,868) was followed up at regular intervals from 1 to 27 years of age. These data will be linked to State government health and welfare administrative data. We will empirically examine relationships across multiple domains of risk (for example, substance use, sexual behaviour, driving) with health and social outcomes (for instance, road-crash injury, educational underachievement). Microsimulation models will measure the impact of risk-taking on educational attainment and labour force outcomes. DISCUSSION Comprehensive preventive child health programmes and policy prioritise a healthy start to life. This is the first linkage study focusing on adolescence to adopt a multi-domain approach, and to integrate health economic modelling. This approach captures a more complete picture of health and social impacts of risk behaviour/states in adolescence and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Marino
- Royal Women's Hospital,Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bette Liu
- University of New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Martha Hickey
- Royal Women's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Cunich
- University of Sydneyand Sydney Local Health District,Australia
| | - Sarita Bista
- University of Sydneyand Children's Hospital at Westmead,Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- University of Sydneyand Children's Hospital at Westmead,Australia
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Richards KV, Beales DJ, Smith AL, O'Sullivan PB, Straker LM. Is Neck Posture Subgroup in Late Adolescence a Risk Factor for Persistent Neck Pain in Young Adults? A Prospective Study. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6094842. [PMID: 33444448 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether sagittal neck sitting posture subgroup membership in late adolescence was a risk factor for persistent neck pain (PNP) in young adults. METHODS There were 686 participants enrolled in the Raine Study at the 17- and 22-year follow-ups. At 17 years of age, posture was measured by photographs, and 4 subgroups of sitting neck posture were determined by cluster analysis. Height and weight were measured, and exercise frequency, depression, and PNP were assessed by questionnaire. At 22 years of age, participants answered questions about neck pain and occupation type. Logistic regression examined if neck posture subgroups at 17 years of age were a risk factor for PNP at 22 years of age, taking into account other factors. RESULTS Female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.16-2.65) and PNP at 17 years of age (OR = 3.78, 95% CI = 2.57-5.57) were associated with PNP at 22 years of age. In females, neck posture subgroup at 17 years of age was a risk factor for PNP at 22 years of age. Compared with the upright subgroup, both the slumped thorax/forward head subgroup groups and the intermediate subgroup had decreased odds for PNP at 22 years of age (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.08-0.76; OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15-0.99, respectively). No association was found in males. CONCLUSION After taking into account PNP at 17 years, sitting neck posture at 17 was not a risk factor for PNP at 22 years of age in males, whereas in females, more relaxed postures (slumped thorax/forward head and Intermediate postures) were protective of neck pain compared with upright posture. IMPACT Females in late adolescence who sat in slumped thorax/forward head or intermediate posture rather than upright sitting posture had a lower risk of PNP as a young adult. The practice of generic public health messages to sit up straight to prevent neck pain needs rethinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen V Richards
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Midland Public Hospital, Western Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Darren J Beales
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,Pain Options, South Perth, Western Australia
| | - Anne L Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,The Raine Study, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,Body Logic Physiotherapy, Shenton Park, Western Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,The Raine Study, Crawley, Western Australia
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Halse RE, Shoneye CL, Pollard CM, Jancey J, Scott JA, Pratt IS, Dhaliwal SS, Norman R, Straker LM, Boushey CJ, Delp EJ, Zhu F, Harray AJ, Szybiak MA, Finch A, McVeigh JA, Mullan B, Collins CE, Mukhtar SA, Edwards KN, Healy JD, Kerr DA. Correction: Improving Nutrition and Activity Behaviors Using Digital Technology and Tailored Feedback: Protocol for the Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e25940. [PMID: 33264101 PMCID: PMC7744259 DOI: 10.2196/25940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon E Halse
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Charlene L Shoneye
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christina M Pollard
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane A Scott
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Iain S Pratt
- Cancer Council WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Richard Norman
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Edward J Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Fengqing Zhu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amelia J Harray
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Anne Finch
- Cancer Council WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Movement Physiology Laboratory, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Barbara Mullan
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Syed Aqif Mukhtar
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kieran N Edwards
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janelle D Healy
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah A Kerr
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Institute of Computation, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Howie EK, McVeigh JA, Smith AJ, Zabatiero J, Bucks RS, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Straker LM. Physical activity trajectories from childhood to late adolescence and their implications for health in young adulthood. Prev Med 2020; 139:106224. [PMID: 32735989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been associated with physical and mental health across the life course, yet few studies have used group-based trajectory modeling to examine the effect of longitudinal patterns of physical activity during childhood and adolescence on adult health outcomes. The Raine Study data from Gen2 follow-ups at 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, and 22 years collected between 1998 and 2014 were used. Latent class analysis identified trajectories using parent-reported physical activity for ages 8 to 17. Associations between trajectories and physical and mental health outcomes at ages 20 and 22 were explored, adjusting for current physical activity and considering sex interactions. Analysis in 2019 identified three trajectories: low (13%), mid (65%) and high (22%) physical activity (n = 1628). Compared to the low-activity trajectory, those in the high-activity trajectory had lower adiposity, insulin, HOMA-IR and fewer diagnosed disorders, higher HDL-cholesterol, and faster cognitive processing. For example, those in the high-activity trajectory had lower percent body fat at age 20 compared to those in the mid-activity (-4.2%, 95%CI: -5.8, -2.7) and low-activity (-9.5%, 95%CI: -11.7, -7.2) trajectories. Physical activity trajectories showed different associations between sexes for self-reported physical and mental health, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and depression symptoms. Being in the high- or mid-activity trajectory was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic and mental health profile in young adulthood. Strategies are needed to help less active children to increase physical activity throughout childhood and adolescence to improve young adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - J A McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Zabatiero
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T A Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L J Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Howie EK, McNally S, Straker LM. Exploring the Reliability and Validity of the TechU-Q to Evaluate Device and Purpose Specific Screen Use in Preschool Children and Parents. J Child Fam Stud 2020; 29:2879-2889. [PMID: 32837150 PMCID: PMC7405318 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-020-01787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Young children are increasingly using mobile technology, with potential for positive and negative developmental consequences. Parents are responsible to guide children in their use of technology based on recommendations and guidelines. Guidelines for screen use in young children have been based on little empirical information on contemporary screen use. This study surveyed parents of young children (n = 96, mean child age 3.0, SD 1.0 years) from three settings (Australia, United States) to test the reliability and validity of a new tool to capture richer data on technology use within a techno-microsystem. The TechU-Q demonstrated reasonable test-retest reliability and face and construct validity. Young children averaged more than 60 min per day of total technology use, mostly using TV, tablet computers, and mobile phones. The primary purposes for child use were educational and watching videos. Parental attitudes towards technology and parent use were associated with their child's use. Future guidelines should utilize detailed descriptions of technology use by device and purpose to provide more relevant advice on technology use for young children.
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Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Smith AJ, Mukherjee S, Mackey DA, Straker LM. A prospective longitudinal study of mobile touch screen device use and musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health in adolescents. Appl Ergon 2020; 85:103028. [PMID: 32174368 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine prospective associations of mobile touch screen device (i.e. smartphone, tablet) use and patterns of use with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health among adolescents. A representative sample of 1691 adolescents in Singapore (51% girls; 10-19 years) completed an online questionnaire at baseline and one-year follow-up. After adjusting for potential confounders, prospective associations were found between baseline smartphone use and follow-up neck/shoulder (OR = 1.61(95%CI = 1.06-2.44)) and low back (OR = 1.86(1.10-3.14)) symptoms; tablet use was also associated with neck/shoulder, low back and arms symptoms (OR = 1.33(1.04-1.71)to1.52(1.18-1.95)). No associations were observed between the duration of smartphone/tablet use and symptoms. Baseline patterns of use (bout length, certain types of activities, multitasking) were associated with follow-up musculoskeletal symptoms. Smartphone/tablet use was not related to visual outcomes (visual symptoms, wearing glasses/contact lenses, myopia) at follow-up. These findings suggest that patterns of smartphone/tablet use (though not the duration of use) can pose a prospective risk for musculoskeletal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Physiotherapy Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anne J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Swarup Mukherjee
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - David A Mackey
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Howie EK, Joosten J, Harris CJ, Straker LM. Associations between meeting sleep, physical activity or screen time behaviour guidelines and academic performance in Australian school children. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:520. [PMID: 32303199 PMCID: PMC7165394 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines suggest too little sleep, too little physical activity, and too much sedentary time are associated with poor health outcomes. These behaviours may also influence academic performance in school children. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between sleep, physical activity, or sedentary behaviours and academic performance in a school with a well-developed and integrated technology use and well-being program. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of students (n = 934, Grades 5-12) in an Australian school with a bring-your-own device (tablet or laptop computer) policy. Students reported sleep, physical activity, and sedentary (screen and non-screen) behaviours. Academic performance was obtained from school records. Linear regressions were used to test the association between behaviours and academic performance outcomes. RESULTS Seventy-four percent of students met sleep guidelines (9 to 11 h for children 5-13 years and 8 to 10 h for 14-17 year olds), 21% met physical activity guidelines (60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day), and 15% met screen time guidelines (no more than 2 h recreational screen time per day); only 2% met all three. There were no associations between meeting sleep guidelines and academic performance; however later weekend bedtimes were associated with poorer academic performance (- 3.4 points on the Average Academic Index, 95%CI: - 5.0, - 1.7, p < .001). There were no associations between meeting physical activity guidelines and academic performance. Meeting screen guidelines was associated with higher Average Academic Index (5.8, 95%CI: 3.6, 8.0, p < .001), Maths 7.9, 95%CI: 4.1, 11.6, p < .001) and English scores (3.8, 95%CI: 1.8, 5.8, p < .001) and higher time in sedentary behaviours was associated with poorer academic performance, including total sedentary behaviours in hrs/day (5.8 points on Average Academic Index, 95%CI: 3.6, 8.0, p < .001. Meeting at least two of the three behaviour guidelines was associated with better academic performance. CONCLUSIONS Sleep and sedentary behaviours were linked to academic performance. School communities should emphasize comprehensive wellness strategies to address multiple behaviours to maximize student health and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayeteville, AR USA
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Courtenay J. Harris
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Coenen P, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, Krause N, van Mechelen W, Straker LM, van der Beek AJ. Towards a better understanding of the ‘physical activity paradox’: the need for a research agenda. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1055-1057. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lee SSY, Lingham G, Yazar S, Sanfilippo PG, Charng J, Chen FK, Hewitt AW, Ng F, Hammond C, Straker LM, Eastwood PR, MacGregor S, Rose KA, Lucas RM, Guggenheim JA, Saw SM, Coroneo MT, He M, Mackey DA. Rationale and protocol for the 7- and 8-year longitudinal assessments of eye health in a cohort of young adults in the Raine Study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033440. [PMID: 32217560 PMCID: PMC7170556 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eye diseases and visual impairment more commonly affect elderly adults, thus, the majority of ophthalmic cohort studies have focused on older adults. Cohort studies on the ocular health of younger adults, on the other hand, have been few. The Raine Study is a longitudinal study that has been following a cohort since their birth in 1989-1991. As part of the 20-year follow-up of the Raine Study, participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. As part of the 27- and 28-year follow-ups, eye assessments are being conducted and the data collected will be compared with those of the 20-year follow-up. This will provide an estimate of population incidence and updated prevalence of ocular conditions such as myopia and keratoconus, as well as longitudinal change in ocular parameters in young Australian adults. Additionally, the data will allow exploration of the environmental, health and genetic factors underlying inter-subject differential long-term ocular changes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants are being contacted via telephone, email and/or social media and invited to participate in the eye examination. At the 27-year follow-up, participants completed a follow-up eye screening, which assessed visual acuity, autorefraction, ocular biometry and ocular sun exposure. Currently, at the 28-year follow-up, a comprehensive eye examination is being conducted which, in addition to all the eye tests performed at the 27-year follow-up visit, includes tonometry, optical coherence tomography, funduscopy and anterior segment topography, among others. Outcome measures include the incidence of refractive error and pterygium, an updated prevalence of these conditions, and the 8-year change in ocular parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Raine Study is registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. The Gen2 20-year, 27-year and 28-year follow-ups are approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Western Australia. Findings resulting from the study will be published in health or medical journals and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12617001599369; Active, not recruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sze-Yee Lee
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Single Cell and Computational Genomics Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Charng
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fletcher Ng
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Hammond
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research - QIMR, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Rose
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- Australian National University, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, UK
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minas T Coroneo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Parry SP, Coenen P, Shrestha N, O'Sullivan PB, Maher CG, Straker LM. Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD012487. [PMID: 31742666 PMCID: PMC6953379 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012487.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers is high. Interventions that promote occupational standing or walking have been found to reduce occupational sedentary time, but it is unclear whether these interventions ameliorate musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of workplace interventions to increase standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, OSH UPDATE, PEDro, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal up to January 2019. We also screened reference lists of primary studies and contacted experts to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs), quasi RCTs, and controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies of interventions to reduce or break up workplace sitting by encouraging standing or walking in the workplace among workers with musculoskeletal symptoms. The primary outcome was self-reported intensity or presence of musculoskeletal symptoms by body region and the impact of musculoskeletal symptoms such as pain-related disability. We considered work performance and productivity, sickness absenteeism, and adverse events such as venous disorders or perinatal complications as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for study eligibility. These review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted study authors to request additional data when required. We used GRADE considerations to assess the quality of evidence provided by studies that contributed to the meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS We found ten studies including three RCTs, five cluster RCTs, and two CBA studies with a total of 955 participants, all from high-income countries. Interventions targeted changes to the physical work environment such as provision of sit-stand or treadmill workstations (four studies), an activity tracker (two studies) for use in individual approaches, and multi-component interventions (five studies). We did not find any studies that specifically targeted only the organisational level components. Two studies assessed pain-related disability. Physical work environment There was no significant difference in the intensity of low back symptoms (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.80 to 0.10; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) nor in the intensity of upper back symptoms (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -.096 to 0.00; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) in the short term (less than six months) for interventions using sit-stand workstations compared to no intervention. No studies examined discomfort outcomes at medium (six to less than 12 months) or long term (12 months and more). No significant reduction in pain-related disability was noted when a sit-stand workstation was used compared to when no intervention was provided in the medium term (mean difference (MD) -0.4, 95% CI -2.70 to 1.90; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). Individual approach There was no significant difference in the intensity or presence of low back symptoms (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.87 to 0.77; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), upper back symptoms (SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.92 to 0.84; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.68 to 0.78; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), shoulder symptoms (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.90; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), or elbow/wrist and hand symptoms (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.90; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions involving an activity tracker compared to an alternative intervention or no intervention in the short term. No studies provided outcomes at medium term, and only one study examined outcomes at long term. Organisational level No studies evaluated the effects of interventions solely targeted at the organisational level. Multi-component approach There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants reporting low back symptoms (risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.27; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.32; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence), shoulder symptoms (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.12 to 5.80; 2 RCTs; very low-quality evidence), and upper back symptoms (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.32; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions using a multi-component approach compared to no intervention in the short term. Only one RCT examined outcomes at medium term and found no significant difference in low back symptoms (MD -0.40, 95% CI -1.95 to 1.15; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence), upper back symptoms (MD -0.70, 95% CI -2.12 to 0.72; low-quality evidence), and leg symptoms (MD -0.80, 95% CI -2.49 to 0.89; low-quality evidence). There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants reporting low back symptoms (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.40; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.08; two RCTs; low-quality evidence), and upper back symptoms (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.08 to 3.29; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions using a multi-component approach compared to no intervention in the long term. There was a statistically significant reduction in pain-related disability following a multi-component intervention compared to no intervention in the medium term (MD -8.80, 95% CI -17.46 to -0.14; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently available limited evidence does not show that interventions to increase standing or walking in the workplace reduced musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers at short-, medium-, or long-term follow up. The quality of evidence is low or very low, largely due to study design and small sample sizes. Although the results of this review are not statistically significant, some interventions targeting the physical work environment are suggestive of an intervention effect. Therefore, in the future, larger cluster-RCTs recruiting participants with baseline musculoskeletal symptoms and long-term outcomes are needed to determine whether interventions to increase standing or walking can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers and can be sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P Parry
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
- VU University Medical CenterDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Researchvan der Boechorststraat 7AmsterdamNetherlands1081BT
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
| | - Christopher G Maher
- University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthLevel 10 North, King George V Building, Missenden Road, CamperdownSydneyNSWAustralia2050
| | - Leon M Straker
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
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12
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Trevenen ML, Turlach BA, Eastwood PR, Straker LM, Murray K. Using hidden Markov models with raw, triaxial wrist accelerometry data to determine sleep stages. AUST NZ J STAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/anzs.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Trevenen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics (M019), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Berwin A. Turlach
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics (M019), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Peter R. Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science University of Western Australia 10‐12 Parkway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science (408) Curtin University Brand Drive, Bentley, WA 6102 Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health (M431) University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
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13
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Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Mukherjee S, Mackey DA, Straker LM. Mobile touch screen device use and associations with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health in a nationally representative sample of Singaporean adolescents. Ergonomics 2019; 62:778-793. [PMID: 30575442 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1562107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe contemporary technology use, especially smartphones and tablets (mobile touch screen devices), and examine associations with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health among adolescents in Singapore. A representative sample of 1884 adolescents (50.4% girls) from grades primary 5 to post-secondary (10-18 years old), recruited from 13 schools, completed an online questionnaire in class. Total technology use was high, with smartphone duration being highest (mean = 264 [SD = 243] min/day). Patterns of use, including multitasking and bout length, were influenced by gender, school level, type of device and activities. Musculoskeletal discomfort and visual symptoms were commonly reported. After adjusting for potential confounders, more hours/day of smartphone use was associated with increased risk of neck/shoulders, upper back, arms and wrist/hand discomfort (OR = 1.04[95%CI = 1.01-1.07] to 1.07[1.03-1.10]) and visual symptoms (OR = 1.05[1.02-1.08]), but was associated with decreased odds of myopia (OR = 0.97[0.94-0.99]). No significant associations were found for tablet use. Practitioner Summary: 1884 adolescents in Singapore completed an in-depth questionnaire regarding their use of technology. The smartphone was the device with the highest usage, and greater smartphone use was associated with increased odds of musculoskeletal and visual symptoms. High use of smartphones has physical health implications for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- b Physiotherapy Department , KK Women's and Children's Hospital , Singapore
| | - Pieter Coenen
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- c Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Erin K Howie
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- d Department of Health Human Performance and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas, USA
| | - Swarup Mukherjee
- e Physical Education and Sports Science , National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - David A Mackey
- f Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science , University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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14
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Lian R, Cavalheri V, Wood J, Jenkins S, Straker LM, Hill K. Higher Levels of Education Are Associated With Full-Time Work in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis. Respir Care 2019; 64:1116-1122. [PMID: 30890629 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to explore factors in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) that predicted whether (i) someone was engaged in full-time paid work, and (ii) those engaged in paid work reported problems with absenteeism and/or presenteeism. METHODS Adults with cystic fibrosis who live in Western Australia completed absenteeism and presenteeism questions from the World Health Organization's Health Performance Questionnaire. The participants were grouped by work status (full time vs part time or unemployed) and by self-reported absenteeism and presenteeism (evidence of vs no evidence of). We explored whether factors such as air-flow obstruction, level of education, health-related quality of life (measured by using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised), and treatment adherence predicted group membership. RESULTS Of the 50 participants for whom data were available (median [interquartile range] age 30 [25-36] y; mean ± SD FEV1% predicted, 60 ± 18%); 34 (68%) worked full time. A higher education level increased the odds of working full time (odds ratio 1.74, 95% CI 1.36-1.89). Among the employed participants, problems with absenteeism and presenteeism were reported by 20 (47%) and 7 (16%), respectively. Both those who reported problems with absenteeism or presenteeism were characterized only by lower scores on the role domain of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the majority of adults with cystic fibrosis worked full time and a low percentage of the sample reported problems with absenteeism and presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lian
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Vinicius Cavalheri
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - Jamie Wood
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - Sue Jenkins
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. .,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
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15
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Halse RE, Shoneye CL, Pollard CM, Jancey J, Scott JA, Pratt IS, Dhaliwal SS, Norman R, Straker LM, Boushey CJ, Delp EJ, Zhu F, Harray AJ, Szybiak MA, Finch A, McVeigh JA, Mullan B, Collins CE, Mukhtar SA, Edwards KN, Healy JD, Kerr DA. Improving Nutrition and Activity Behaviors Using Digital Technology and Tailored Feedback: Protocol for the Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e12782. [PMID: 30801257 PMCID: PMC6409509 DOI: 10.2196/12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity. New cost-effective approaches to improve population diet and PA behaviors are needed. OBJECTIVE This 1-year randomized controlled trial (6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up) aims to investigate whether a tailored intervention using mobile technology can improve diet and PA behaviors leading to weight loss in adults (aged 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese and recruited through a social marketing campaign (LiveLighter). METHODS All eligible participants will provide data on demographics and lifestyle behaviors online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Using two-stage randomization, participants will be allocated into one of three conditions (n=200 per group): tailored feedback delivered via email at seven time points, informed by objective dietary (mobile food record app) and activity (wearable activity monitor) assessment; active control receiving no tailored feedback, but undergoing the same objective assessments as tailored feedback; and online control receiving no tailored feedback or objective assessments. Primary outcome measures at 6 and 12 months are changes in body mass, EDNP food and beverage consumption, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (measured via accelerometry). Secondary outcomes include change in fruit and vegetable consumption, daily sedentary behaviors, and cost effectiveness. RESULTS Enrolment commenced in August 2017. Primary outcomes at 12 months will be available for analysis from September 2019. CONCLUSIONS Tailored email feedback provided to individuals may deliver a cost-effective strategy to overcome existing barriers to improving diet and PA. If found to be successful and cost effective, upscaling this intervention for inclusion in larger-scale interventions is highly feasible. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000554369; https://www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371325&isReview=true. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/12782.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon E Halse
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Charlene L Shoneye
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christina M Pollard
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane A Scott
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Iain S Pratt
- Cancer Council WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Richard Norman
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Edward J Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Fengqing Zhu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amelia J Harray
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Anne Finch
- Cancer Council WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Movement Physiology Laboratory, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Barbara Mullan
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Syed Aqif Mukhtar
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kieran N Edwards
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janelle D Healy
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah A Kerr
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Institute of Computation, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Toh SH, Howie EK, Coenen P, Straker LM. "From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour": a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents' mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:30. [PMID: 30678720 PMCID: PMC6346550 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile touch screen devices, e.g. smartphones and tablet computers, has become increasingly prevalent among adolescents. However, little is known about how adolescents use these devices and potential influences on their use. Hence, this qualitative study explored adolescents' perceptions on their patterns of use and factors influencing use, and perceptions and concerns from parents. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents (n = 36; 11 to 18 years) and their parents/caregivers (n = 28) in Singapore recruited to represent males and females across a range of ages from different socioeconomic groups. Prompts covered weekday and weekend use patterns, types of activities, perspectives on amount of use, parental control measures and concerns. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded and thematic analysis was carried out. RESULTS Smartphone was the most common mobile device owned and used by many of the adolescents, while only some used a tablet. Many adolescents and their parents felt that adolescents' MTSD use was high, frequent and ubiquitous, with frequent checking of device and multitasking during use. Reported influences of use included functional, personal and external influences. Some of the influences were irresistibility of mobile devices, lack of self-control, entertainment or relaxation value, and high use by peers, family and for schoolwork that contributed to high use, or school/parental control measures and lack of internet availability that limited use. Most adolescents were generally unconcerned about their use and perceived their usage as appropriate, while most parents expressed several concerns about their adolescents' use and perceived their usage as excessive. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided rich insights into the patterns and influences of contemporary mobile device use by adolescents. Mobile device use has become an integral part of adolescents' daily routines, and was affected by several functional, personal and external influences which either facilitated or limited their use. There also seemed to be a strong inclination for adolescents to frequently check and use their mobile devices. There is an urgent need to understand the implications of these common adolescent behaviours to inform advice for wise mobile device use by adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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17
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De Oliveira JA, Rigoli D, Kane R, McLaren S, Goulardins JB, Straker LM, Dender A, Rooney R, Piek JP. Does 'Animal Fun' improve aiming and catching, and balance skills in young children? Res Dev Disabil 2019; 84:122-130. [PMID: 30087016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The Animal Fun program, a universal early intervention program that aims to promote the motor skills and social-emotional development of young children, has shown to improve overall motor proficiency and social and behavioural outcomes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the program's impact on children's aiming and catching, and balance skills. METHODS A cluster randomised control trial was employed, with six intervention and six control (following normal curriculum) schools. A total sample of 511 children (257 boys and 254 girls), aged 4-6 years presented at pre-test. Children were tested across three time points, pre-test, post intervention (six months later) and follow-up (18 months after pre-test), using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Aiming and Catching, and Balance tasks. The study also tested for potential moderators including pre-test motor proficiency, age, gender, and cognitive performance. RESULTS Participation in Animal Fun improved children's one leg balance at post-test and follow-up compared to control children, regardless of pre-test motor proficiency, age, gender, or pre-test cognitive performance. Participation in Animal Fun also improved throwing skills for those children with poorer motor proficiency compared to the controls with poorer motor performance. Interestingly, it was found that the control group's catching skills improved more than the intervention group at follow up. CONCLUSIONS The study provides some promising results regarding the efficacy of the Animal Fun program in improving one-leg balance for all children, and throwing skills for those children with poorer motor proficiency, while also suggesting potential confounding factors, such as maturational issues and other individual factors (e.g., a child's participation in extracurricular activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A De Oliveira
- Laboratory of Motor Behaviour, School of Physical Education & Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05.508-030, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Rigoli
- School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Kane
- School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue McLaren
- School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Juliana B Goulardins
- Laboratory of Motor Behaviour, School of Physical Education & Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05.508-030, Brazil
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy & Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alma Dender
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosanna Rooney
- School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jan P Piek
- School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Howie EK, Ng L, Beales D, McVeigh JA, Straker LM. Early life factors are associated with trajectories of consistent organized sport participation over childhood and adolescence: Longitudinal analysis from the Raine Study. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:456-461. [PMID: 30482449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify early life factors that were associated with childhood and adolescent organized sport participation trajectories. DESIGN Participants were in the Raine Study, a pregnancy cohort in Western Australia recruited from 1989 to 1991. METHODS Three organized sport trajectories over ages 5-17years were previously identified for girls (n=824: consistent participators, dropouts, and non-participators in sport) and boys (n=855: consistent participators, dropouts, joiners - those who joined sport in adolescence). Physical, psychological and social factors were measured from birth to age 5. RESULTS For girls and boys, children who were breastfed, were taller, did not have behavior problems, and attended childcare were more likely to consistently participate. Girls who had a previous injury (Relative risk ratio 1.55: 95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.29 vs never been injured) or who had parents who had worries about their child's health (1.56: 1.00, 2.42 vs no worries) were more likely to be in the dropout trajectory. Boys born preterm (2.00, 2.06, 3.76 vs full-term), did not have a previous injury (0.72, 0.53, 0.97 those with injury vs never been injured), had more difficult temperament (1.63, 1.02, 2.60 vs easy temperament), and higher family dysfunction (1.49, 1.06, 2.08) were more likely to be in the dropout trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Early life factors were associated with membership in sport trajectories. Physical, psychological, and social factors may serve as early warning signs for parents and practitioners that children may be at higher risk of dropping out of sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, USA; Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Australia.
| | - Leo Ng
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Australia
| | - Darren Beales
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Australia
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Australia; Exercise Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Leon M Straker
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Australia
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Coenen P, Healy GN, Winkler EAH, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Moodie M, LaMontagne AD, Eakin EA, O'Sullivan PB, Straker LM. Associations of office workers' objectively assessed occupational sitting, standing and stepping time with musculoskeletal symptoms. Ergonomics 2018; 61:1187-1195. [PMID: 29630479 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1462891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) with workplace sitting, standing and stepping time, as well as sitting and standing time accumulation (i.e. usual bout duration of these activities), measured objectively with the activPAL3 monitor. Using baseline data from the Stand Up Victoria trial (216 office workers, 14 workplaces), cross-sectional associations of occupational activities with self-reported MSS (low-back, upper and lower extremity symptoms in the last three months) were examined using probit regression, correcting for clustering and adjusting for confounders. Sitting bout duration was significantly (p < 0.05) associated, non-linearly, with MSS, such that those in the middle tertile displayed the highest prevalence of upper extremity symptoms. Other associations were non-significant but sometimes involved large differences in symptom prevalence (e.g. 38%) by activity. Though causation is unclear, these non-linear associations suggest that sitting and its alternatives (i.e. standing and stepping) interact with MSS and this should be considered when designing safe work systems. Practitioner summary: We studied associations of objectively assessed occupational activities with musculoskeletal symptoms in office workers. Workers who accumulated longer sitting bouts reported fewer upper extremity symptoms. Total activity duration was not significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. We underline the importance of considering total volumes and patterns of activity time in musculoskeletal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Coenen
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- b Department of Public and Occupational Health , Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- c School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
- d Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - David W Dunstan
- c School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
- d Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
- e School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
- f School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
- g Central Clinical School, Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
- h School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
- i Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- c School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
- d Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
- g Central Clinical School, Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
- j Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Marj Moodie
- k Deakin Health Economics, Centre for Population Health Research , Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
- l Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research , Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- m Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development , Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
- n Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Eakin
- c School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- n Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- n Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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Long TM, Rath SR, Wallman KE, Howie EK, Straker LM, Bullock A, Walwyn TS, Gottardo NG, Cole CH, Choong CS, Naylor LH. Exercise training improves vascular function and secondary health measures in survivors of pediatric oncology related cerebral insult. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201449. [PMID: 30092052 PMCID: PMC6084859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of pediatric oncology related cerebral insult are vulnerable to numerous treatment-induced deficits that significantly enhance cardiovascular disease risk. Regular exercise improves endothelial function, fitness, body composition and musculoskeletal function which may reduce predisposition for cardiovascular disease. Here we assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of a 24-week exercise intervention on cardiovascular, physical and metabolic outcomes in this population. Thirteen survivors (6 male, 7 female; median age 19 y (range 16-23 y) were recruited to participate in a 48-week study consisting of a 24-week control period (regular care) followed by a 24-week exercise intervention. Outcome measures were collected at entry (week 0) and following regular care (24-week) and exercise (48-week). Assessed variables included endothelial function (flow mediated dilation, FMD), blood pressure, heart rate (HR), aerobic capacity, anthropometry, body composition, muscular strength (3 repetition maximum testing), muscular endurance (repetitions/min) and physical activity levels (accelerometry). Compared to baseline, delta diameter (p = 0.008) and FMD (p = 0.029) of the brachial artery increased following exercise. Bicep-curl strength also increased following exercise compared to baseline (p = 0.019), while submaximal (6 min mark) measures of ventilation (p = 0.012), rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.012), HR (p = 0.001), absolute (p = 0.000) and relative (p = 0.000) aerobic capacity decreased. Breaks in sedentary time increased (p = 0.043) following exercise compared to regular care. Although the sample was small and heterogeneous, this study demonstrates that exercise is achievable and has positive effects on vascular function, submaximal fitness, local strength and physical activity in a population of AYA survivors of pediatric oncology related cerebral insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treya M. Long
- School of Human Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shoshana R. Rath
- Department of Endocrinology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Pediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen E. Wallman
- School of Human Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin K. Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Bullock
- Department of Cardiology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas S. Walwyn
- School of Medicine, Pediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Gottardo
- School of Medicine, Pediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine H. Cole
- School of Medicine, Pediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hematology, PathWest Laboratory Services, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine S. Choong
- Department of Endocrinology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Pediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise H. Naylor
- School of Human Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Lammers N, Curry-Hyde A, Smith AJ, Eastwood PR, Straker LM, Champion D, McArdle N. Are serum ferritin and transferrin saturation risk markers for restless legs syndrome in young adults? Longitudinal and cross-sectional data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12741. [PMID: 30062860 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome has been associated with serum iron deficiency in clinical studies. However, studies investigating this relationship have had inconsistent results and there are no studies in young adults. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serum measures of iron stores and restless legs syndrome in young adults in the community. Participants in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study answered questions on restless legs syndrome (n = 1,100, 54% female) at age 22 years, and provided serum measures of iron stores (ferritin and transferrin saturation) at ages 17 and 22 years. Restless legs syndrome was diagnosed when four International RLS Study Group criteria were met (urge to move, dysaesthesia, relief by movement, worsening during evening/night) and these symptoms occurred ≥5 times per month. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between serum iron stores and restless legs syndrome, adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome at age 22 years was 3.0% (n = 33, 70% female). Among those who provided restless legs syndrome and iron data at age 22 years (n = 865), the median (interquartile range) ferritin was not different between the restless legs syndrome (55 [29.5-103.5] µg L-1 ) and the non-restless legs syndrome group (65.0 [35.0-103.3] µg L-1 , p = 0.2), nor were there differences in iron deficiency prevalence (p = 0.36). There was no association between restless legs syndrome (22 years) and iron stores (17, 22 years) before or after adjustment for potential confounders. There was no association between restless legs syndrome at 22 years and iron stores at 17 or 22 years in this cohort. Serum iron stores may not be a useful indicator of restless legs syndrome risk in young adults in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Lammers
- Department of Pediatrics, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, Crawley, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Champion
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel McArdle
- Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, Crawley, Australia
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Lin IB, Ryder K, Coffin J, Green C, Dalgety E, Scott B, Straker LM, Smith AJ, O'Sullivan PB. Addressing Disparities in Low Back Pain Care by Developing Culturally Appropriate Information for Aboriginal Australians: "My Back on Track, My Future". Pain Med 2018; 18:2070-2080. [PMID: 28087847 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Addressing disparities in low back pain care (LBP) is an important yet largely unaddressed issue. One avenue to addressing disparities, recommended by clinical guidelines, is to ensure that LBP information is culturally appropriate. Our objectives were, first, to develop LBP information that was culturally appropriate for Aboriginal Australians living in a rural area and, second, to compare this to traditional information. Methods The overall information development process was guided by a "cultural security" framework and included partnerships between Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal investigators, a synthesis of research evidence, and participation of a project steering group consisting of local Aboriginal people. LBP information (entitled My Back on Track, My Future [MBOT]) was developed as five short audio-visual scenarios, filmed using Aboriginal community actors. A qualitative randomized crossover design compared MBOT with an evidence-based standard (the Back Book [BB]). Twenty Aboriginal adults participated. Qualitatively we ascertained which information participants' preferred and why, perceptions about each resource, and LBP management. Results Thirteen participants preferred MBOT, four the BB, two both, and one neither. Participants valued seeing "Aboriginal faces," language that was understandable, the visual format, and seeing Aboriginal people undertaking positive changes in MBOT. In contrast, many participants found the language and format of the BB a barrier. Participants who preferred the BB were more comfortable with written information and appreciated the detailed content. Conclusions The MBOT information was more preferred and addressed important barriers to care, providing support for use in practice. Similar processes are needed to develop pain information for other cultural groups, particularly those underserved by existing approaches to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B Lin
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Kim Ryder
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Juli Coffin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Geraldton Regional Aboriginal Medical Service, Geraldton, Western Australia.,Notre Dame University, Broome, Western Australia
| | - Charmaine Green
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia.,Geraldton Regional Aboriginal Medical Service, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Eric Dalgety
- Geraldton Regional Aboriginal Medical Service, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Brian Scott
- Geraldton Regional Aboriginal Medical Service, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Anne J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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Howie EK, McVeigh JA, Winkler EAH, Healy GN, Bucks RS, Eastwood PR, Straker LM. Correlates of physical activity and sedentary time in young adults: the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:916. [PMID: 30045696 PMCID: PMC6060463 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The socioecological model proposes a wide array of factors that influence behaviours. There is a need to understand salient correlates of these activity behaviours in a specific population. However, few studies identified socio-demographic, behavioural, physical, and psychological correlates of objectively-assessed physical activity and sedentary time in young adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Raine Study (a pregnancy cohort started in 1989). Australian young adults (mean 22.1 years ± SD 0.6) wore Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the hip 24 h/day for seven days to assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (n = 256 women, n = 219 men). Potential correlates were assessed via clinical assessment and questionnaire and included socio-demographic variables (ethnicity, relationship status, work/study status, education, mothers education), health behaviours (food intake, alcohol consumption, smoking status, sleep quality), and physical and psychological health aspects (anthropometrics, diagnosed disorders, mental health, cognitive performance). Backwards elimination (p < 0.2 for retention) with mixed model regressions were used and the gender-stratified analyses were adjusted for demographic variables, waking wear time and number of valid days. Results Increased time spent in MVPA was associated with: being single (IRR 1.44 vs in a relationship living together, 95%CI: 1.17, 1.77, p = .001) in women; and better sleep quality in men (lower scores better IRR 0.97, 95%CI: 0.93, 1.00). Less time spent sedentary was associated with: lower mother’s education (− 32.1 min/day, 95%CI -52.9, 11.3, p = 0.002 for having mother with no university degree vs at least a baccalaureate degree) and smoking (− 44.3 min/day, 95%CI: - 72.8, − 15.9, p = .0002) for women; lower education status (− 32.1 min/day, 95%CI: -59.5, − 4.8, p = 0.021 for having no university degree vs at least a baccalaureate degree) and lower depression scores in men (− 2.0, 95%CI: - 3.5, − 0.4, p = 0.014); more alcoholic drinks per week for women (− 1.9 min/day, 95%CI: -3.1, − 0.6, p = 0.003) and men (− 1.0, 95%CI: -1.8, − 0.3, p = 0.007). Conclusions Less desirable correlates were associated with positive levels of activity in young Australian adult women and men. Interventions to increase MVPA and decrease sedentary activity in young adults need to specifically consider the life stage of young adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5705-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA. .,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Exercise Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Genevieve N Healy
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Coenen P, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, Krause N, van Mechelen W, Straker LM, van der Beek AJ. Do highly physically active workers die early? A systematic review with meta-analysis of data from 193 696 participants. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:1320-1326. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveRecent evidence suggests the existence of a physical activity paradox, with beneficial health outcomes associated with leisure time physical activity, but detrimental health outcomes for those engaging in high level occupational physical activity. This is the first quantitative systematic review of evidence regarding the association between occupational physical activity and all-cause mortality.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourceA literature search was performed in electronic databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe screened for peer reviewed articles from prospective studies assessing the association of occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality. A meta-analysis assessed the association of high (compared with low) level occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality, estimating pooled hazard ratios (HR) (with 95% CI).Results2490 unique articles were screened and 33 (from 26 studies) were included. Data from 17 studies (with 193 696 participants) were used in a meta-analysis, showing that men with high level occupational physical activity had an 18% increased risk of early mortality compared with those engaging in low level occupational physical activity (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34). No such association was observed among women, for whom instead a tendency for an inverse association was found (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01).ConclusionsThe results of this review indicate detrimental health consequences associated with high level occupational physical activity in men, even when adjusting for relevant factors (such as leisure time physical activity). These findings suggest that research and physical activity guidelines may differentiate between occupational and leisure time physical activity.
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Coenen P, Korshøj M, Hallman DM, Huysmans MA, van der Beek AJ, Straker LM, Holtermann A. Differences in heart rate reserve of similar physical activities during work and in leisure time – A study among Danish blue-collar workers. Physiol Behav 2018; 186:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Trevenen ML, Murray K, Turlach BA, Straker LM, Eastwood PR. Development and validation of an algorithm to temporally align polysomnography and actigraphy data. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Howie EK, Coenen P, Campbell AC, Ranelli S, Straker LM. Head, trunk and arm posture amplitude and variation, muscle activity, sedentariness and physical activity of 3 to 5 year-old children during tablet computer use compared to television watching and toy play. Appl Ergon 2017; 65:41-50. [PMID: 28802459 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Young children (ages 3 to 5) are using mobile touchscreen technology, including tablet computers, yet little is known on the potential musculoskeletal and physical activity implications of its use. This within-subject laboratory study (n = 10) examined head, trunk and arm postures, upper trapezius muscle activity, and total body and upper limb physical activity during playing with tablets compared to during TV watching and playing with non-screen toys. Overall, this study found that during tablet play children had greater mean head, trunk and upper arm angles compared to both TV watching and toy play. Conversely, compared to toy play, children playing with tablets had lesser trunk, upper arm and elbow postural variation, lesser trapezius activity, more time sitting and lesser physical activity. Thus, to minimize potential musculoskeletal and sedentary risks, non-screen toy play should be encouraged and education and guidelines provided for parents and caretakers to support wise use of tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Amity C Campbell
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sonia Ranelli
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Dunican IC, Murray K, Slater JA, Maddison KJ, Jones MJ, Dawson B, Straker LM, Caldwell JA, Halson SL, Eastwood PR. Laboratory and home comparison of wrist-activity monitors and polysomnography in middle-aged adults. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-017-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Coenen P, Parry S, Willenberg L, Shi JW, Romero L, Blackwood DM, Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Straker LM. Associations of prolonged standing with musculoskeletal symptoms-A systematic review of laboratory studies. Gait Posture 2017; 58:310-318. [PMID: 28863296 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While prolonged standing has shown to be detrimentally associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, exposure limits and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We systematically reviewed evidence from laboratory studies on musculoskeletal symptom development during prolonged (≥20min) uninterrupted standing, quantified acute dose-response associations and described underlying mechanisms. Peer-reviewed articles were systematically searched for. Data from included articles were tabulated, and dose-response associations were statistically pooled. A linear interpolation of pooled dose-response associations was performed to estimate the duration of prolonged standing associated with musculoskeletal symptoms with a clinically relevant intensity of ≥9 (out of 100). We included 26 articles (from 25 studies with 591 participants), of which the majority examined associations of prolonged standing with low back and lower extremity symptoms. Evidence on other (e.g., upper limb) symptoms was limited and inconsistent. Pooled dose-response associations showed that clinically relevant levels of low back symptoms were reached after 71min of prolonged standing, with this shortened to 42min in those considered pain developers. Regarding standing-related low back symptoms, consistent evidence was found for postural mechanisms (i.e., trunk flexion and lumbar curvature), but not for mechanisms of muscle fatigue and/or variation in movement. Blood pooling was the most consistently reported mechanism for standing-related lower extremity symptoms. Evidence suggests a detrimental association of prolonged standing with low back and lower extremity symptoms. To avoid musculoskeletal symptoms (without having a-priori knowledge on whether someone will develop symptoms or not), dose-response evidence from this study suggests a recommendation to refrain from standing for prolonged periods >40min. Interventions should also focus on underlying pain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Sharon Parry
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Lisa Willenberg
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Joyce W Shi
- Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Lorena Romero
- Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Diana M Blackwood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Corner of Herston Road and Wyndham Street, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - David W Dunstan
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Corner of Herston Road and Wyndham Street, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to identify unique organized sport trajectories from early childhood to late adolescence in an Australian pregnancy cohort, the Raine Study. METHODS Participation in organized sport was assessed at ages 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 yr. Physical activity, body composition, and self-rated physical and mental health were assessed at the age of 20 yr. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of sport participation. To assess the internal validity of the trajectory classes, differences in health characteristics between trajectories were analyzed using generalized linear models. RESULTS For girls, three trajectory classes were identified: consistent sport participators (47.5%), sport dropouts (34.3%), and sport nonparticipators (18.1%). For boys, three trajectory classes were identified: consistent sport participators (55.2%), sport dropouts (36.9%), and sport joiners (8.1%). For girls, there were overall differences across trajectory classes in lean body mass (P = 0.003), lean mass index (P = 0.06), and physical health (P = 0.004). For boys, there were differences across classes in physical activity (P = 0.018), percent body fat (P = 0.002), lean body mass (P < 0.001), lean mass index (P < 0.001), physical health (P = 0.06), and depression scores (P = 0.27). CONCLUSION This study identified unique, sex-specific trajectories of organized sport participation. The differences in health outcomes between trajectory classes, such as participants with consistent sport participation having more preferable health outcomes at the age of 20 yr, support the internal validity of the trajectories. Strategies are needed to identify and encourage those in the dropout trajectory to maintain their participation and those in the nonparticipator or joiner trajectories to join sport earlier. Specifically, interventions to encourage early sport participation in girls and help nonparticipating boys to join sport during adolescence may help more children receive the benefits of sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WESTERN AUSTRALIA
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Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Straker LM. The associations of mobile touch screen device use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181220. [PMID: 28787453 PMCID: PMC5546699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile touch screen devices (MTSDs) has increased rapidly over the last decade, and there are concerns that their use may have negative musculoskeletal consequences; yet evidence on the association of MTSD use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures is currently dispersed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available literature on musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures associated with MTSD use. The synthesised information may facilitate wise use of MTSDs and may identify areas in need of further research. METHODS EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO and Proquest electronic databases were searched for articles published up to June 2016, using keywords describing MTSD, musculoskeletal symptoms (e.g. pain, discomfort) and musculoskeletal exposures (e.g. posture, muscle activity). Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted relevant data and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Due to heterogeneity in the studies, a meta-analysis was not possible and a structured narrative synthesis of the findings was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 9,908 articles were screened for eligibility with 45 articles finally included for review. Included articles were of cross-sectional, case-control or experimental laboratory study designs. No longitudinal studies were identified. Findings were presented and discussed in terms of the amount, features, tasks and positions of MTSD use and its association with musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal exposures. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence that MTSD use, and various aspects of its use (i.e. amount of usage, features, tasks and positions) are associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures. This is due to mainly low quality experimental and case-control laboratory studies, with few cross-sectional and no longitudinal studies. Further research is warranted in order to develop guidelines for wise use of MTSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin K. Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Cavalheri V, Galvão DA, Straker LM, Hill K. Should resistance training be targeted to a specific subgroup of patients with non-small cell lung cancer? Respirology 2017; 22:1473. [PMID: 28727220 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Cavalheri
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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White SW, Eastwood PR, Straker LM, Adams LA, Newnham JP, Lye SJ, Pennell CE. The Raine study had no evidence of significant perinatal selection bias after two decades of follow up: a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:207. [PMID: 28662683 PMCID: PMC5492127 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort studies may increase or decrease their selection bias as they progress through time. The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study has followed 2868 children for over two decades; from fetal into adult life. This paper analyses the cohort over time, assessing potential bias that may come and go with recruitment, retention and loss of participants. METHODS Linked data from all births in Western Australian over the 3 years the Raine Cohort was recruited were obtained to compare perinatal characteristics and subsequent health outcomes between the Western Australian (WA) contemporaneous birth population and the Raine Cohort at five time points. Perinatal exposure-outcome comparisons were employed to assess bias due to non-participation in Raine Study subsets. RESULTS There were demographic differences between the Raine Study cohort and its source population at recruitment with further changes across the period of follow up. Despite these differences, the pregnancy and infant data of those with continuing participation were not significantly different to the WA contemporaneous birth population. None of the exposure-outcome associations were significantly different to those in the WA general population at recruitment or at any cohort reviews suggesting no substantial recruitment or attrition bias. CONCLUSIONS The Raine Study is valuable for association studies, even after 20 years of cohort reviews with increasing non-participation of cohort members. Non-participation has resulted in greater attrition of socially disadvantaged participants, however, exposure-outcome association analyses suggest that there is no apparent resulting selection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W White
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia. .,Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia. .,Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Leon A Adams
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.,Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.,Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Stephen J Lye
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.,Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.,Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
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Howie EK, Bucks RS, McVeigh JA, Straker LM. Cognitive Performance In Young Adulthood Is Associated With Sport Trajectories From Early Childhood Through Adolescence. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518309.60831.6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Coenen P, Gilson N, Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Straker LM. A qualitative review of existing national and international occupational safety and health policies relating to occupational sedentary behaviour. Appl Ergon 2017; 60:320-333. [PMID: 28166892 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged sedentary time is now recognised as an emergent ergonomics issue. We aimed to review current occupational safety and health policies relevant to occupational sedentary behaviour. An electronic search for documents was conducted on websites of ergonomics and occupational safety and health organisations from 10 countries and six international/pan-European agencies. Additionally, 43 informants (nine countries) were contacted and an international conference workshop held. 119 documents (e.g. legislation, guidelines, codes of practice) were identified. Using a qualitative synthesis, it was observed that many jurisdictions had legal frameworks establishing a duty of care for employers, designers/manufacturers/suppliers and employees. While no occupational authority policies focusing specifically on sedentary behaviour were found, relevant aspects of existing policies were identified. We highlight implications for ergonomics research and practice and recommend the development of policy to specifically address occupational sedentary behaviour and support workplace initiatives to assess and control the risks of this emergent hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicholas Gilson
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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Parry SP, Coenen P, O'Sullivan PB, Maher CG, Straker LM. Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P Parry
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research; van der Boechorststraat 7 Amsterdam Netherlands 1081BT
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
| | - Christopher G Maher
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health; PO Box M201 Missenden Road Sydney NSW Australia 2050
| | - Leon M Straker
- Curtin University; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science; Kent Street Bentley Perth West Australia Australia 6102
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Howie EK, Campbell AC, Abbott RA, Straker LM. Understanding why an active video game intervention did not improve motor skill and physical activity in children with developmental coordination disorder: A quantity or quality issue? Res Dev Disabil 2017; 60:1-12. [PMID: 27863326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active video games (AVGs) have been identified as a novel strategy to improve motor skill and physical activity in clinical populations. A recent cross-over randomized trial found AVGs to be ineffective at improving motor skill and physical activity in the home-environment for children with or at-risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). AIMS The study purpose was to better understand why the intervention had been ineffective by examining the quantity and quality of AVG play during an AVG intervention for children with or at-risk for DCD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Participants (n=21, ages 9-12) completed the 16 week AVG intervention. Detailed quantitative and qualitative data were systematically triangulated to obtain the quantity of exposure (AVG exposure over time, patterns of exposure) and quality of use (game selection, facilitators and barriers to play). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The median AVG dose (range 30-35min/day) remained relatively stable across the intervention and met the prescribed dose. Play quality was impacted by game selection, difficulty playing games, lack of time, illness, technical difficulties and boredom. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The ineffectiveness of a home-based AVG intervention may be due to quality of play. Strategies to improve the quality of game play may help realize the potential benefits of AVGs as a clinical tool for children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Amity C Campbell
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Rebecca A Abbott
- University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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Coenen P, Willenberg L, Parry S, Shi JW, Romero L, Blackwood DM, Maher CG, Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Straker LM. Associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:176-183. [PMID: 27884862 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the high exposure to occupational standing in specific occupations, and recent initiatives to encourage intermittent standing among white-collar workers, a better understanding of the potential health consequences of occupational standing is required. We aimed to review and quantify the epidemiological evidence on associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms. DESIGN A systematic review was performed. Data from included articles were extracted and described, and meta-analyses conducted when data were sufficiently homogeneous. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were systematically searched. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Peer-reviewed articles on occupational standing and musculoskeletal symptoms from epidemiological studies were identified. RESULTS Of the 11 750 articles screened, 50 articles reporting 49 studies were included (45 cross-sectional and 5 longitudinal; n=88 158 participants) describing the associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms, including low-back (39 articles), lower extremity (14 articles) and upper extremity (18 articles) symptoms. In the meta-analysis, 'substantial' (>4 hours/workday) occupational standing was associated with the occurrence of low-back symptoms (pooled OR (95% CI) 1.31 (1.10 to 1.56)). Evidence on lower and upper extremity symptoms was too heterogeneous for meta-analyses. The majority of included studies reported statistically significant detrimental associations of occupational standing with lower extremity, but not with upper extremity symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that substantial occupational standing is associated with the occurrence of low-back and (inconclusively) lower extremity symptoms, but there may not be such an association with upper extremity symptoms. However, these conclusions are tentative as only limited evidence was found from high-quality, longitudinal studies with fully adjusted models using objective measures of standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Willenberg
- Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Parry
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joyce W Shi
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Diana M Blackwood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher G Maher
- Musculoskeletal Division, Sydney Medical School, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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McVeigh JA, Zhu K, Mountain J, Pennell CE, Lye SJ, Walsh JP, Straker LM. Longitudinal Trajectories of Television Watching Across Childhood and Adolescence Predict Bone Mass at Age 20 Years in the Raine Study. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2032-2040. [PMID: 27378122 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors such as watching television (TV) are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The effects of TV watching during key developmental stages on skeletal health are uncertain. Hours of TV watching/week were recorded by parental or self-report at 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 years of age in 1181 members (48% female) of a pregnancy cohort (the Raine Study). Participants were classified into one of three TV-watching trajectories (using latent class analysis): low (consistently <14 h/week; 20.3%), high (consistently ≥14 h/week; 44.4%), or increasing (increased from <14 to ≥14 h/week during adolescence; 35.3%). General linear models tested associations between TV trajectory and bone mineral content (BMC) measured at age 20 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjustment for height, body mass, physical activity, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, alcohol, and smoking (all at age 20 years), males in the low TV-watching trajectory had greater BMC for whole body (mean ± SEM, 3338 ± 59 g versus 3111 ± 31 g), legs (612 ± 12 g versus 569 ± 6 g), and arms (234 ± 5 g versus 214 ± 3 g) than those in the high TV-watching trajectory. Differences between low and high TV-watching trajectories were similar for females. BMC in the increasing TV-watching trajectory also differed for both sexes, for example males in the increasing TV-watching trajectory had greater whole-body BMC (3252 ± 38 g) than males in the high TV-watching trajectory (3111 ± 31 g) but less arm BMC (218 ± 3 g) than those in the low TV-watching trajectory (234 ± 5 g). In this community-based cohort, consistently high TV watching during childhood and adolescence independently predicted reduced peak bone mass at age 20 years. Because attainment of optimal peak bone mass is protective against osteoporosis in later life, reducing sedentary time in children may have long-term skeletal benefits. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A McVeigh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jenny Mountain
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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Howie EK, Straker LM. Rates of attrition, non-compliance and missingness in randomized controlled trials of child physical activity interventions using accelerometers: A brief methodological review. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 19:830-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Howie EK, McManus A, Smith KL, Fenner AA, Straker LM. Practical Lessons Learned from Adolescent and Parent Experiences Immediately and 12 Months following a Family-Based Healthy Lifestyle Intervention. Child Obes 2016; 12:401-9. [PMID: 27392196 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical time to intervene and establish healthy long-term behaviors to decrease the impact of adult obesity in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify key intervention strategies and techniques for community interventions by analyzing the short-term and longer-term shared experiences of both adolescents with overweight or obesity and their parents involved in a community-based, healthy lifestyle intervention. METHODS Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with teens (aged 12-16 years with a BMI above the 85th percentile) and their parents immediately following the 8-week intervention (n = 37 teens, n = 33 parents) and at 12 months follow-up (n = 23 teens, n = 20 parents). Results were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Both teens and parents reported high satisfaction with the program. Immediately following the 8-week intervention, teens reported enjoying participating in exercise with similar peers. Parents described inaccurate expectations from the program. After the 12-month follow-up, teens reported struggling with a cyclical pattern of health behaviors, and parents described a sense of loss following the intensive program and improved communication skills with their adolescent. CONCLUSIONS Several practical strategies emerged for use in future community programs for adolescents with overweight or obesity. Future programs should consider management of expectations, perceptions vs. outcomes, and the cyclical nature of behavior change in adolescents. Strategies for future health behavior change interventions with overweight adolescents should address time management, translation of knowledge into behavior change, successful implementation of practical goal-setting strategies, and increasing intrinsic motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- 1 School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
| | - Alexandra McManus
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Excellence Science, Seafood and Health (CESSH) Curtin University , Perth, Australia
| | - Kyla L Smith
- 1 School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
| | - Ashley A Fenner
- 3 School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- 1 School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
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McVeigh JA, Winkler EAH, Healy GN, Slater J, Eastwood PR, Straker LM. Validity of an automated algorithm to identify waking and in-bed wear time in hip-worn accelerometer data collected with a 24 h wear protocol in young adults. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:1636-1652. [PMID: 27652717 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/10/1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are increasingly using 24 h accelerometer wear protocols. No automated method has been published that accurately distinguishes 'waking' wear time from other data ('in-bed', non-wear, invalid days) in young adults. This study examined the validity of an automated algorithm developed to achieve this for hip-worn Actigraph GT3X + 60 s epoch data. We compared the algorithm against a referent method ('into-bed' and 'out-of-bed' times visually identified by two independent raters) and benchmarked against two published algorithms. All methods used the same non-wear rules. The development sample (n = 11) and validation sample (n = 95) were Australian young adults from the Raine pregnancy cohort (54% female), all aged approximately 22 years. The agreement with Rater 1 in each minute's classification (yes/no) of waking wear time was examined as kappa (κ), limited to valid days (⩾10 h waking wear time per day) according to the algorithm and Rater 1. Bland-Altman methods assessed agreement in daily totals of waking wear and in-bed wear time. Excellent agreement (κ > 0.75) was obtained between the raters for 80% of participants (median κ = 0.94). The algorithm showed excellent agreement with Rater 1 (κ > 0.75) for 89% of participants and poor agreement (κ < 0.40) for 1%. In this sample, the algorithm (median κ = 0.86) performed better than algorithms validated in children (median κ = 0.77) and adolescents (median κ = 0.66). The mean difference (95% limits of agreement) between Rater 1 and the algorithm was 7 (-220, 234) min d-1 for waking wear time on valid days and -41 (-309, 228) min d-1 for in-bed wear time. In this population, the automated algorithm's validity for identifying waking wear time was mostly good, not worse than inter-rater agreement, and better than the evaluated published alternatives. However, the algorithm requires improvement to better identify in-bed wear time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A McVeigh
- Department of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
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Fenner AA, Howie EK, Davis MC, Straker LM. Relationships between psychosocial outcomes in adolescents who are obese and their parents during a multi-disciplinary family-based healthy lifestyle intervention: One-year follow-up of a waitlist controlled trial (Curtin University's Activity, Food and Attitudes Program). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14:100. [PMID: 27389034 PMCID: PMC4936224 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-016-0501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have investigated relationships in psychosocial outcomes between adolescents who are obese and their parents and how psychosocial outcomes change during participation in a physical activity and healthy eating intervention. This study examined both adolescent and parent psychosocial outcomes while participating in a one - year multi-disciplinary family-based intervention: Curtin University's Activity, Food, and Attitudes Program (CAFAP). METHODS Following a waitlist control period, the intervention was delivered to adolescent (n = 56, ages 11-16) and parent participants over 8 weeks, with one-year maintenance follow-up. Adolescent depression and quality of life, family functioning, and parent depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed at six time points: baseline and prior to intervention (e.g., waitlist control period), immediately following intervention, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. Relationships between adolescent and parent psychosocial outcomes were assessed using Spearman correlations and changes in both adolescent and parent outcomes were assessed using linear mixed models. Changes in adolescent psychosocial outcomes were compared to changes in behavioural (physical activity and healthy eating) and physical (weight) outcomes using independent samples t-tests. RESULTS The majority of psychosocial outcomes were significantly correlated between adolescents and parents across the one-year follow-up. Adolescent depression, psychosocial and physical quality of life outcomes significantly improved before or following intervention and were maintained at 6-months or one-year follow-up. Parent symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were reduced during waitlist and primarily remained improved. Changes in adolescent psychosocial outcomes were shown to be partially associated with behavioural changes and independent of physical changes. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in CAFAP improved psychosocial and physical quality of life and reversed the typical trajectory of depressive symptoms in adolescents who are obese during a one-year maintenance period. CAFAP was also effective at maintaining reductions in parent symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress demonstrated during the waitlist period. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (No. 12611001187932 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Fenner
- />School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - Erin K. Howie
- />School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - Melissa C. Davis
- />School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - Leon M. Straker
- />School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
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Brakenridge CL, Fjeldsoe BS, Young DC, Winkler EAH, Dunstan DW, Straker LM, Brakenridge CJ, Healy GN. Organizational-Level Strategies With or Without an Activity Tracker to Reduce Office Workers' Sitting Time: Rationale and Study Design of a Pilot Cluster-Randomized Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e73. [PMID: 27226457 PMCID: PMC4909392 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The office workplace is a key setting in which to address excessive sitting time and inadequate physical activity. One major influence on workplace sitting is the organizational environment. However, the impact of organizational-level strategies on individual level activity change is unknown. Further, the emergence of sophisticated, consumer-targeted wearable activity trackers that facilitate real-time self-monitoring of activity, may be a useful adjunct to support organizational-level strategies, but to date have received little evaluation in this workplace setting. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of organizational-level strategies with or without an activity tracker on sitting, standing, and stepping in office workers in the short (3 months, primary aim) and long-term (12 months, secondary aim). Methods This study is a pilot, cluster-randomized trial (with work teams as the unit of clustering) of two interventions in office workers: organizational-level support strategies (eg, visible management support, emails) or organizational-level strategies plus the use of a waist-worn activity tracker (the LUMOback) that enables self-monitoring of sitting, standing, and stepping time and enables users to set sitting and posture alerts. The key intervention message is to ‘Stand Up, Sit Less, and Move More.’ Intervention elements will be implemented from within the organization by the Head of Workplace Wellbeing. Participants will be recruited via email and enrolled face-to-face. Assessments will occur at baseline, 3, and 12 months. Time spent sitting, sitting in prolonged (≥30 minute) bouts, standing, and stepping during work hours and across the day will be measured with activPAL3 activity monitors (7 days, 24 hours/day protocol), with total sitting time and sitting time during work hours the primary outcomes. Web-based questionnaires, LUMOback recorded data, telephone interviews, and focus groups will measure the feasibility and acceptability of both interventions and potential predictors of behavior change. Results Baseline and follow-up data collection has finished. Results are expected in 2016. Conclusions This pilot, cluster-randomized trial will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of two interventions targeting reductions in sitting and increases in standing and stepping in office workers. Few studies have evaluated these intervention strategies and this study has the potential to contribute both short and long-term findings.
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McVeigh JA, Winkler EAH, Howie EK, Tremblay MS, Smith A, Abbott RA, Eastwood PR, Healy GN, Straker LM. Objectively measured patterns of sedentary time and physical activity in young adults of the Raine study cohort. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:41. [PMID: 27009327 PMCID: PMC4806520 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To provide a detailed description of young adults’ sedentary time and physical activity. Methods 384 young women and 389 young men aged 22.1 ± 0.6 years, all participants in the 22 year old follow-up of the Raine Study pregnancy cohort, wore Actigraph GT3X+ monitors on the hip for 24 h/day over a one-week period for at least one ‘valid’ day (≥10 h of waking wear time). Each minute epoch was classified as sedentary, light, moderate or vigorous intensity using 100 count and Freedson cut-points. Mixed models assessed hourly and daily variation; t-tests assessed gender differences. Results The average (mean ± SD) waking wear time was 15.0 ± 1.6 h/day, of which 61.4 ± 10.1 % was spent sedentary, 34.6 ± 9.1 % in light-, 3.7 ± 5.3 % in moderate- and, 0.3 ± 0.6 % in vigorous-intensity activity. Average time spent in moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) was 36.2 ± 27.5 min/day. Relative to men, women had higher sedentary time, but also higher vigorous activity time. The ‘usual’ bout duration of sedentary time was 11.8 ± 4.5 min in women and 11.7 ± 5.2 min in men. By contrast, other activities were accumulated in shorter bout durations. There was large variation by hour of the day and by day of the week in both sedentary time and MVPA. Evenings and Sundays through Wednesdays tended to be particularly sedentary and/or inactive. Conclusion For these young adults, much of the waking day was spent sedentary and many participants were physically inactive (low levels of MVPA). We provide novel evidence on the time for which activities were performed and on the time periods when young adults were more sedentary and/or less active. With high sedentary time and low MVPA, young adults may be at risk for the life-course sequelae of these behaviours. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0363-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A McVeigh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | | | - Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Abbott
- ESMI, University of Exeter Medical School, St.Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Howie EK, Campbell AC, Straker LM. An active video game intervention does not improve physical activity and sedentary time of children at-risk for developmental coordination disorder: a crossover randomized trial. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:253-60. [PMID: 26648488 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are highly inactive and sedentary. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a home-based active video game intervention on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children at risk for DCD. METHODS In a crossover randomized clinical trial, 21 children (mean age 11.0, SD 1.0; n = 11 girls) in Perth, Western Australia participated in two 16-week periods: no active video games (AVGs) control period and AVGs intervention period. Two active input consoles were provided to participants along with a selection of non-violent AVGs for participants to play at home. Participants wore accelerometers at baseline and following each period to determine minutes of sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous times in addition to self-reported types of activities in a diary. Linear mixed models, adjusted for the order of periods, compared physical activity and sedentary time during the last week of each period. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the intervention and control periods in time spent in sedentary (decrease of -1.0 min/day during the intervention period, 95%CI -12.1, 10.1), light (increase of 2.2 min/day, 95%CI -8.8, 13.2), moderate (decrease of 0.7 min/day, 95%CI -4.6, 3.3) or vigorous (decrease of -0.6 min/day, 95%CI -1.6, 0.4). CONCLUSIONS Among children at risk for DCD, participating in this AVG intervention did not improve objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A C Campbell
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - L M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Fenner AA, Howie EK, Straker LM, Hagger MS. Exploration of the Mechanisms of Change in Constructs From Self-Determination Theory and Quality of Life During a Multidisciplinary Family-Based Intervention for Overweight Adolescents. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2016; 38:59-68. [PMID: 27018558 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2015-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study explored whether a multidisciplinary family-based intervention underpinned by self-determination theory could enhance perceptions of parent need support, autonomous motivation, and quality of life in overweight and obese adolescents. Using a staggered-entry waitlist-period control design, adolescents (n = 56) were assessed at baseline and preintervention (within-participant control), immediately following intervention, and at 3, 6, and 12 month follow-ups. Parents were trained in need-supportive behaviors within the broader context of an 8-week multidisciplinary intervention attended jointly with adolescents. Following intervention, significant improvements were demonstrated in adolescent perceptions of parent need support, autonomous motivation, and quality of life, and changes were maintained at the 1-year follow-up. Mediation analyses revealed changes in perceptions of parent need support predicted changes in quality of life indirectly via changes in autonomous motivation. Findings suggest overweight and obese adolescents are likely to benefit from multidisciplinary family-based interventions that aim to train parents in need-supportive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Fenner
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Caneiro JP, Labie C, Sulley E, Briggs AM, Straker LM, Burnett AF, O'Sullivan PB. An exploration of familial associations of two movement pattern-derived subgroups of chronic disabling low back pain; a cross-sectional cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:202-10. [PMID: 26874816 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered movement patterns with pain have been demonstrated in children, adolescents and adults with chronic disabling low back pain (CDLBP). A previously developed classification system has identified different subgroups including active extension and multidirectional patterns in patients with CDLBP. While familial associations have been identified for certain spinal postures in standing, it is unknown whether a familial relationship might exist between movement pattern-derived subgroups in families with CDLBP. OBJECTIVES This study explored whether familial associations in movement pattern-derived subgroups within and between members of families with CDLBP existed. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. METHOD 33 parents and 28 children with CDLBP were classified into two subgroups based on clinical analysis of video footage of postures and functional movements, combined with aggravating factors obtained from Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Prevalence of subgroups within family members was determined, associations between parent and child's subgroup membership was evaluated using Fisher's exact test, and spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the strength of association between familial dyads. RESULTS The majority of parents were classified as active extenders, sons predominately multidirectional and daughters were evenly distributed between the two subgroups. No significant association was found when comparing subgroups in nine parent-child relationships. CONCLUSIONS The exploration of a small cohort of family dyads in this study demonstrated that children's movement pattern-derived subgroups could not be explained by their parents' subgroup membership. These results cannot be generalised to the CLBP population due to this study's small sample. Larger sample studies are needed to further elucidate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Paulo Caneiro
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Céline Labie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Emma Sulley
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Briggs
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia; Arthritis and Osteoporosis Victoria, Australia.
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Angus F Burnett
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar; School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
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Howie EK, McVeigh JA, Abbott RA, Olds TS, Straker LM. Multiple components of fitness improved among overweight and obese adolescents following a community-based lifestyle intervention. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1581-7. [PMID: 26654751 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1123285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fitness is an important component of health, and obese adolescents regularly have poor fitness. Unfortunately, few have assessed the impact of community-based lifestyle interventions on multiple components of fitness. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of participation in a community-based intervention involving adolescents and parents on multiple components of fitness of obese adolescents. In a within-subject, waitlist controlled clinical trial with 12 months follow-up in Western Australia, participants (n = 56) completed multiple fitness measures at baseline, immediately prior to beginning an 8-week intervention and at 3, 6 and 12 months during a maintenance period. Performance on the shuttle walk was improved immediately post-intervention (increase of 42.8 m, 95% CI: 7.5, 78.2) and at 12 months post-intervention (increase of 44.6 m, 95% CI: 1.3, 87.8) compared with pre-intervention. Muscle performance of quadriceps and deltoids were improved post-intervention (increase of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.1) kg · F and 1.0 (0.02, 2.1) kg · F, respectively) and all muscle performance measures were improved at 12 months following the intervention. There were no changes in waist circumference. A community-based lifestyle programme such as Curtin University's Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP) may be a viable strategy for improving fitness in overweight adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Rebecca A Abbott
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Tim S Olds
- b Health and Use of Time (HUT) Group , University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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Hoogwout SJ, Paananen MV, Smith AJ, Beales DJ, O'Sullivan PB, Straker LM, Eastwood PR, McArdle N, Champion D. Musculoskeletal pain is associated with restless legs syndrome in young adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:294. [PMID: 26467305 PMCID: PMC4607251 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, there is considerable evidence of a relationship between the sensorimotor disorder restless legs syndrome (RLS) and pain disorders, including migraine and fibromyalgia. An association between multi-site pain and RLS has been reported in adult women. In the current study, we explored the association between musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and RLS in a large cohort of young adults. Methods Twenty two year olds (n = 1072), followed since birth of part of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, provided data on MSK pain (duration, severity, frequency, number of pain sites). RLS was considered present when 4 diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group were met (urge to move, dysaesthesia, relief by movement, worsening symptoms during the evening/night) and participants had these symptoms at least 5 times per month. Associations between MSK pain and RLS were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression with bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals, with final models adjusted for sex, psychological distress and sleep quality. Results The prevalence of RLS was 3.0 % and MSK pain was reported by 37.4 % of the participants. In multivariable logistic regression models, strong associations were found between RLS-diagnosis and long duration (three months or more) of MSK pain (odds ratio 3.6, 95 % confidence interval 1.4–9.2) and reporting three or more pain sites (4.9, 1.6–14.6). Conclusions Different dimensions of MSK pain were associated with RLS in young adults, suggestive of shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Overlap between these conditions requires more clinical and research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn J Hoogwout
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,, Offenbachlaan 14, 2253 CR, Voorschoten, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus V Paananen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Anne J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Darren J Beales
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Nigel McArdle
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Champion
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. .,University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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