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Kow PY, Liou JY, Yang MT, Lee MH, Chang LC, Chang FJ. Advancing climate-resilient flood mitigation: Utilizing transformer-LSTM for water level forecasting at pumping stations. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172246. [PMID: 38593878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Proactive management of pumping stations using artificial intelligence (AI) technology is vital for effectively mitigating the impacts of flood events caused by climate change. Accurate water level forecasts are pivotal in advancing the intelligent operation of pumping stations. This study proposed a novel Transformer-LSTM model to offer accurate multi-step-ahead forecasts of the flood storage pond (FSP) and river water levels for the Zhongshan pumping station in Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 19,647 ten-minute-based datasets of pumping operation and storm sewer, FSP, and river water levels were collected between 2014 and 2020 and further divided into training (70 %), validation (10 %), and test (20 %) datasets for model construction. The results demonstrate that the proposed model dramatically outperforms benchmark models by producing more accurate and reliable water level forecasts at 10-minute (T + 1) to 60-minute (T + 6) horizons. The proposed model effectively enhances the connections between input factors through the Transformer module and increases the connectivity across consecutive time series using the LSTM module. This study reveals interconnected dynamics among pumping operation and storm sewer, FSP, and river water levels, enhancing flood management. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective execution of management strategies and infrastructure revitalization against climate impacts. The Transformer-LSTM model's forecasts encourage water practices, resilience, and disaster risk reduction for extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yun Kow
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Liou
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ting Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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2
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Kow PY, Liou JY, Sun W, Chang LC, Chang FJ. Watershed groundwater level multistep ahead forecasts by fusing convolutional-based autoencoder and LSTM models. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119789. [PMID: 38100860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of deep learning-based groundwater level forecast models can tackle the challenge of high dimensional groundwater dynamics, predict groundwater variation trends accurately, and manage groundwater resources effectively, thereby contributing to sustainable water resources management. This study proposed a novel ConvAE-LSTM model, which fused a Convolutional-based Autoencoder model (ConvAE) and a Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network model (LSTM), to provide accurate spatiotemporal groundwater level forecasts over the next three months. The HBV-light and LSTM models are chosen as benchmarks. An ensemble of point data and the corresponding derived images concerning the past (observations) and the future (forecasts from a conceptual model) of groundwater levels at 33 groundwater wells in Jhuoshuei River basin of Taiwan between 2000 and 2019 constituted the case study. The findings showcase the effectiveness of the ConvAE-LSTM model in extracting crucial features from both point and imagery datasets. This model successfully establishes spatiotemporal dependencies between regional images and groundwater level data over diverse time frames, leading to accurate multi-step-ahead forecasts of groundwater levels. Notably, the ConvAE-LSTM model exhibits a substantial improvement, with the R-squared values showing an increase of more than 18%, 22%, and 49% for the R1, R2, and R3 regions, respectively, compared to the HBV-light model. Additionally, it outperforms the LSTM model in this regard. This study represents a noteworthy milestone in environmental modeling, offering key insights for designing sustainable groundwater management strategies to ensure the long-term availability of this vital resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yun Kow
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Liou
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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3
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Kow PY, Chang LC, Lin CY, Chou CCK, Chang FJ. Deep neural networks for spatiotemporal PM 2.5 forecasts based on atmospheric chemical transport model output and monitoring data. Environ Pollut 2022; 306:119348. [PMID: 35487466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reliable long-horizon PM2.5 forecasts are crucial and beneficial for health protection through early warning against air pollution. However, the dynamic nature of air quality makes PM2.5 forecasts at long horizons very challenging. This study proposed a novel machine learning-based model (MCNN-BP) that fused multiple convolutional neural networks (MCNN) with a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) for making spatiotemporal PM2.5 forecasts for the next 72 h at 74 stations covering the whole Taiwan simultaneously. Model configuration involved an ensemble of massive hourly air quality and meteorological monitoring datasets and the existing publicly-available PM2.5 simulated (forecasted) datasets from an atmospheric chemical transport (ACT) model. The proposed methodology collaboratively constructed two CNNs to mine the observed data (the past) and the forecasted data from ACT (the future) separately. The results showed that the MCNN-BP model could significantly improve the accuracy of spatiotemporal PM2.5 forecasts and substantially reduce the forecast biases of the ACT model. We demonstrated that the proposed MCNN-BP model with effective feature extraction and good denoising ability could overcome the curse of dimensionality and offer satisfactory regional long-horizon PM2.5 forecasts. Moreover, the MCNN-BP model has considerably shorter computational time (5 min) and lower computational load than the compute-intensive ACT model. The proposed approach hits a milestone in multi-site and multi-horizon forecasting, which significantly contributes to early warning against regional air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yun Kow
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yao Lin
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-K Chou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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4
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Kow PY, Hsia IW, Chang LC, Chang FJ. Real-time image-based air quality estimation by deep learning neural networks. J Environ Manage 2022; 307:114560. [PMID: 35085968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air quality profoundly impacts public health and environmental equity. Efficient and inexpensive air quality monitoring instruments could be greatly beneficial for human health and air pollution control. This study proposes an image-based deep learning model (CNN-RC) that integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a regression classifier (RC) to estimate air quality at areas of interest through feature extraction from photos and feature classification into air quality levels. The models were trained and tested on datasets with different combinations of the current image, the baseline image, and HSV (hue, saturation, value) statistics for increasing model reliability and estimation accuracy. A total of 3549 hourly air quality datasets (including photos, PM2.5, PM10, and the air quality index (AQI)) collected at the Linyuan air quality monitoring station of Kaohsiung City in Taiwan constituted the case study. The main breakthrough of this study is to timely produce an accurate image-based estimation of several pollutants simultaneously by using only one single deep learning model. The test results show that estimation accuracy in terms of R2 for PM2.5, PM10, and AQI based on daytime (nighttime) images reaches 76% (83%), 84% (84%), and 76% (74%), respectively, which demonstrates the great capability of our method. The proposed model offers a promising solution for rapid and reliable multi-pollutant estimation and classification based solely on captured images. This readily scalable measurement approach could address major gaps between air quality data acquired from expensive instruments worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yun Kow
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Hsia
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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5
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Abstract
Despite the growing recognition of a host genetic effect on shaping gut microbiota composition, the genetic determinants of oral microbiota remain largely unexplored, especially in the context of oral diseases. Here, we performed a microbiome genome-wide association study in 2 independent cohorts of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, n = 144 and 67) and an additional group of noncancer individuals (n = 104). Besides oral bacterial dysbiosis and signatures observed in OSCC, associations of 3 loci with the abundance of genus-level taxa and 4 loci with β diversity measures were detected (q < 0.05) at the discovery stage. The most significant hit (rs10906082 with the genus Lachnoanaerobaculum, P = 3.55 × 10-9 at discovery stage) was replicated in a second OSCC cohort. Moreover, the other 2 taxonomical associations, rs10973953 with the genus Kingella (P = 1.38 × 10-9) and rs4721629 with the genus Parvimonas (P = 3.53 × 10-8), were suggestive in the meta-analysis combining 2 OSCC cohorts. Further pathway analysis revealed that these loci were enriched for genes in regulation of oncogenic and angiogenic responses, implicating a genetic anchor to the oral microbiome in estimation of casual relationships with OSCC. Our findings delineate the role of host genotypes in influencing the structure of oral microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C W Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - W H Chung
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - H C Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, and Microbiota Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Central Research Laboratory, XiaMen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China
| | - L C Chang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - S C Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Central Research Laboratory, XiaMen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China
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6
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Wang YS, Chang LC, Chang FJ. Explore Regional PM2.5 Features and Compositions Causing Health Effects in Taiwan. Environ Manage 2021; 67:176-191. [PMID: 33201258 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical compositions of atmospheric fine particles like PM2.5 prove harmful to human health, particularly to cardiopulmonary functions. Multifaceted health effects of PM2.5 have raised broader, stronger concerns in recent years, calling for comprehensive environmental health-risk assessments to offer new insights into air-pollution control. However, there have been few studies adopting local air-quality-monitoring datasets or local coefficients related to PM2.5 health-risk assessment. This study aims to assess health effects caused by PM2.5 concentrations and metal toxicity using epidemiological and toxicological methods based on long-term (2007-2017) hourly monitoring datasets of PM2.5 concentrations in four cities of Taiwan. The results indicated that (1) PM2.5 concentrations and hazardous substances varied substantially from region to region, (2) PM2.5 concentrations significantly decreased after 2013, which benefited mainly from two actions against air pollution, i.e., implementing air-pollution-control strategies and raising air-quality standards for certain emission sources, and (3) under the condition of low PM2.5 concentrations, high health risks occurred in eastern Taiwan on account of toxic substances adsorbed on PM2.5 surface. It appears that under the condition of low PM2.5 concentrations, the results of epidemiological and toxicological health-risk assessments may not agree with each other. This raises a warning that air-pollution control needs to consider toxic substances adsorbed in PM2.5 and region-oriented control strategies are desirable. We hope that our findings and the proposed transferable methodology can call on domestic and foreign authorities to review current air-pollution-control policies with an outlook on the toxicity of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shin Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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7
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Chang FJ, Chang LC, Kang CC, Wang YS, Huang A. Explore spatio-temporal PM2.5 features in northern Taiwan using machine learning techniques. Sci Total Environ 2020; 736:139656. [PMID: 32485387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex mixtures of local emission sources and regional transportations of air pollutants make accurate PM2.5 prediction a very challenging yet crucial task, especially under high pollution conditions. A symbolic representation of spatio-temporal PM2.5 features is the key to effective air pollution regulatory plans that notify the public to take necessary precautions against air pollution. The self-organizing map (SOM) can cluster high-dimensional datasets to form a meaningful topological map. This study implements the SOM to effectively extract and clearly distinguish the spatio-temporal features of long-term regional PM2.5 concentrations in a visible two-dimensional topological map. The spatial distribution of the configured topological map spans the long-term datasets of 25 monitoring stations in northern Taiwan using the Kriging method, and the temporal behavior of PM2.5 concentrations at various time scales (i.e., yearly, seasonal, and hourly) are explored in detail. Finally, we establish a machine learning model to predict PM2.5 concentrations for high pollution events. The analytical results indicate that: (1) high population density and heavy traffic load correspond to high PM2.5 concentrations; (2) the change of seasons brings obvious effects on PM2.5 concentration variation; and (3) the key input variables of the prediction model identified by the Gamma Test can improve model's reliability and accuracy for multi-step-ahead PM2.5 prediction. The results demonstrated that machine learning techniques can skillfully summarize and visibly present the clusted spatio-temporal PM2.5 features as well as improve air quality prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chia Kang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Angela Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Chang LC, Chang FJ, Yang SN, Tsai FH, Chang TH, Herricks EE. Self-organizing maps of typhoon tracks allow for flood forecasts up to two days in advance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1983. [PMID: 32332746 PMCID: PMC7181664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Typhoons are among the greatest natural hazards along East Asian coasts. Typhoon-related precipitation can produce flooding that is often only predictable a few hours in advance. Here, we present a machine-learning method comparing projected typhoon tracks with past trajectories, then using the information to predict flood hydrographs for a watershed on Taiwan. The hydrographs provide early warning of possible flooding prior to typhoon landfall, and then real-time updates of expected flooding along the typhoon's path. The method associates different types of typhoon tracks with landscape topography and runoff data to estimate the water inflow into a reservoir, allowing prediction of flood hydrographs up to two days in advance with continual updates. Modelling involves identifying typhoon track vectors, clustering vectors using a self-organizing map, extracting flow characteristic curves, and predicting flood hydrographs. This machine learning approach can significantly improve existing flood warning systems and provide early warnings to reservoir management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Nien Yang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Fong-He Tsai
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Chang
- The Fifth River Management Office, Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edwin E Herricks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801-2352, USA
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9
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Pu HC, Lin CH, Lai YC, Shih MH, Chang LC, Lee HF, Lee PT, Hong GT, Li YH, Chang WY, Lo CH. Active Volcanism Revealed from a Seismicity Conduit in the Long-resting Tatun Volcano Group of Northern Taiwan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6153. [PMID: 32273552 PMCID: PMC7145833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant earthquakes clustered within a particular zone often reflect an active geological feature, such as clustering seismicity along a fault zone and a huge number of volcanic-earthquakes around the erupting conduit. Herein we perform a double-difference tomographic inversion and relocate the seismicity at the long-resting Tatun volcano group (TVG) in northern Taiwan. A dramatic improvement of the earthquake location model surprisingly show that, from 2014 to 2017, two clustered seismic zones are identified in the TVG. One major group of events (>1000) persistently clustered within a ~500 m diameter vertical conduit with a ~2 km height. The clustering seismicity conduit is just located nearby Dayoukeng, one of the strongest fumaroles in the TVG, and is connected to a fracture zone characterized by low Vp/Vs in the shallow crust. The other group of events is clustered within a sphere-like zone beneath Mt. Chihsin around the depths between 0.5 km and 2 km. Both seismic zones are probably triggered by the significantly volcanic gases and fluids ascending from the deep magma reservoir. Combined with a variety of results from literature, the seismicity conduit near the strong fumarole is the evidence for an active volcano and also identifies a likely pathway for ascending magma if the TVG erupts again in the future. But possibility of developing different magma pathways at other clustered seismic zones such as beneath Mt. Chihsin may not be totally excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Pu
- Seismological Center, Central Weather Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Y C Lai
- National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M H Shih
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L C Chang
- National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H F Lee
- National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P T Lee
- Central Geological Survey, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - G T Hong
- Central Geological Survey, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y H Li
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - W Y Chang
- College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and Sustainability, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - C H Lo
- National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Zhou Y, Chang LC, Chang FJ. Explore a Multivariate Bayesian Uncertainty Processor driven by artificial neural networks for probabilistic PM 2.5 forecasting. Sci Total Environ 2020; 711:134792. [PMID: 31812407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying predictive uncertainty inherent in the nonlinear multivariate dependence structure of multi-step-ahead PM2.5 forecasts is challenging. This study integrates a Multivariate Bayesian Uncertainty Processor (MBUP) and an artificial neural network (ANN) to make accurate probabilistic PM2.5 forecasts. The contributions of the proposed approach are two-fold. First, the MBUP can capture the nonlinear multivariate dependence structure between observed and forecasted data. Second, the MBUP can alleviate predictive uncertainty encountered in PM2.5 forecast models that are configured by ANNs. The reliability of the proposed approach was assessed by a case study on air quality in Taipei City of Taiwan. We consider forecasts of PM2.5 concentrations as a function of meteorological and air quality factors based on long-term (2010-2018) hourly observational datasets. Firstly, the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were investigated to produce deterministic forecasts. Results revealed that the ANFIS model could learn different air pollutant emission mechanisms (i.e. primary, secondary and natural processes) from the clustering-based fuzzy inference system and produce more accurate deterministic forecasts than the BPNN. The ANFIS model then provided inputs (i.e. point estimates) to probabilistic forecast models. Next, two post-processing techniques (MBUP and the Univariate Bayesian Uncertainty Processor (UBUP)) were separately employed to produce probabilistic forecasts. The Bayesian Uncertainty Processors (BUPs) can model the dependence structure (i.e. posterior density function) between observed and forecasted data using a prior density function and a likelihood density function. Here in BUPs, the Monte Carlo simulation was introduced to create a probabilistic predictive interval of PM2.5 concentrations. The results demonstrated that the MBUP not only outperformed the UBUP but also suitably characterized the complex nonlinear multivariate dependence structure between observations and forecasts. Consequently, the proposed approach could reduce predictive uncertainty while significantly improving model reliability and PM2.5 forecast accuracy for future horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlai Zhou
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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11
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Zhou Y, Chang FJ, Chang LC, Kao IF, Wang YS, Kang CC. Multi-output support vector machine for regional multi-step-ahead PM 2.5 forecasting. Sci Total Environ 2019; 651:230-240. [PMID: 30243160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air quality deteriorates fast under urbanization in recent decades. Reliable and precise regional multi-step-ahead PM2.5 forecasts are crucial and beneficial for mitigating health risks. This work explores a novel framework (MM-SVM) that combines the Multi-output Support Vector Machine (M-SVM) and the Multi-Task Learning (MTL) algorithm for effectively increasing the accuracy of regional multi-step-ahead forecasts through tackling error accumulation and propagation that is commonly encountered in regional forecasting. The Single-output SVM (S-SVM) is implemented as a benchmark. Taipei City of Taiwan is our study area, where three types of air quality monitoring stations are selected to represent areas imposed with high traffic influences, high human activities and commercial trading influences, and less human interventions close to nature situation, respectively. We consider forecasts of PM2.5 concentrations as a function of meteorological and air quality factors based on long-term (2010-2016) observational datasets. Firstly, the Kendall tau coefficient is conducted to extract key spatiotemporal factors from regional meteorological and air quality inputs. Secondly, the M-SVM model is trained by the MTL to capture non-linear relationships and share correlation information across related tasks. Lastly, the MM-SVM model is validated using hourly time series of PM2.5 concentrations as well as meteorological and air quality datasets. Regarding the applicability of regional multi-step-ahead forecasts, the results demonstrate that the MM-SVM model is much more promising than the S-SVM model because only one forecast model (MM-SVM) is required, instead of constructing a site-specific S-SVM model for each station. Moreover, the forecasts of the MM-SVM are found better consistent with observations than those of any single S-SVM in both training and testing stages. Consequently, the results clearly demonstrate that the MM-SVM model could be recommended as a novel integrative technique for improving the spatiotemporal stability and accuracy of regional multi-step-ahead PM2.5 forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlai Zhou
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Feng Kao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Shin Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Chia Kang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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Chang FJ, Huang CW, Cheng ST, Chang LC. Conservation of groundwater from over-exploitation-Scientific analyses for groundwater resources management. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:828-838. [PMID: 28458200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater over-exploitation has produced many critical problems in the southern Taiwan. The accumulated stresses and demands make groundwater management a complex issue that needs innovative scientific analyses for deriving better water management strategies. In this study, we aimed to provide scientific analyses of the groundwater systems in the Pingtung Plain through soft-computing techniques to explore its spatial-temporal and hydro-geological characteristics for the elaboration of future groundwater management plans and in decision-making process. We conducted a study to assess the essential features of the groundwater systems based on the long-term large datasets of regional groundwater levels by using the principal component analysis (PCA), and the self-organizing map (SOM) with regression analysis. The PCA results demonstrated that two leading components could well present the spatial characteristics of the groundwater systems and classify the region into eastern, western and transition zones. The SOM results could visibly explore the behavior of regional groundwater variations in various aquifers and the multi-relations among climate and hydrogeological variables. Results revealed that the potential of groundwater recharge made by precipitation or river flow was higher in the eastern zone than in the western zone. Analysis results further showed an increase of the groundwater levels in the western zone after year 2006, while there were no obvious increases of the groundwater levels in the eastern or transition zones. Based on the investigated characteristics, we suggest that a sound groundwater management plan should consider zonal difference of the groundwater systems to achieve groundwater conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chien-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Ting Cheng
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Chang LC, Liao LL, Chen MI, Niu YZ, Hsieh PL. Strengthening teachers' abilities to implement a vision health program in Taiwanese schools. Health Educ Res 2017; 32:437-447. [PMID: 28931170 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyx057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We designed a school-based, nationwide program called the 'New Era in Eye Health' to strengthen teacher training and to examine whether the existence of a government vision care policy influenced teachers' vision care knowledge and students' behavior. Baseline data and 3-month follow-up data were compared. A random sample of teachers (n = 660) from school vision health clusters in 22 cities/counties in Taiwan were invited to participate in our study and 436 agreed to participate (response rate = 66.1%). The mean age of participant teachers was 41.2 years, while the length of service mean was 14.6 years. For monitoring teacher outcomes, five cities/counties were selected as the intensely monitored group based on certain criteria. Sunlight diaries (n = 5434) were distributed and 3342 (61.5%) were returned. Teachers showed significant improvements in knowledge and behavior on the school vision health questionnaire. At the 3-month follow-up, the number of recesses as recorded by students' 'sunlight diary' increased. When teachers had better knowledge and behavior, recesses also increased. This study provided valuable insights to guide dissemination efforts for school vision health interventions and to help teachers implement research into their school vision health activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- School of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wen-Hua 1 Road, Gui-Shan Town, Tao-Yuan City 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - L L Liao
- Department of Health Management, I-Shou University No. 8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - M I Chen
- School of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wen-Hua 1 Road, Gui-Shan Town, Tao-Yuan City 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y Z Niu
- Sanitary and Health Caring Center, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China
| | - P L Hsieh
- School of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wen-Hua 1 Road, Gui-Shan Town, Tao-Yuan City 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Adamson P, An FP, Anghel I, Aurisano A, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Blyth S, Bock GJ, Bogert D, Cao D, Cao GF, Cao J, Cao SV, Carroll TJ, Castromonte CM, Cen WR, Chan YL, Chang JF, Chang LC, Chang Y, Chen HS, Chen QY, Chen R, Chen SM, Chen Y, Chen YX, Cheng J, Cheng JH, Cheng YP, Cheng ZK, Cherwinka JJ, Childress S, Chu MC, Chukanov A, Coelho JAB, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Cummings JP, de Arcos J, De Rijck S, Deng ZY, Devan AV, Devenish NE, Ding XF, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Dolgareva M, Dove J, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Flanagan W, Frohne MV, Gabrielyan M, Gallagher HR, Germani S, Gill R, Gomes RA, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grassi M, Grzelak K, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo L, Guo RP, Guo XH, Guo Z, Habig A, Hackenburg RW, Hahn SR, Han R, Hans S, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, He M, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Higuera A, Holin A, Hor YK, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu T, Hu W, Huang EC, Huang HX, Huang J, Huang XT, Huber P, Huo W, Hussain G, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, Jaffke P, James C, Jen KL, Jensen D, Jetter S, Ji XL, Ji XP, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, de Jong JK, Joshi J, Kafka T, Kang L, Kasahara SMS, Kettell SH, Kohn S, Koizumi G, Kordosky M, Kramer M, Kreymer A, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Lang K, Langford TJ, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lee JHC, Lei RT, Leitner R, Leung JKC, Li C, Li DJ, Li F, Li GS, Li QJ, Li S, Li SC, Li WD, Li XN, Li YF, Li ZB, Liang H, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin S, Lin SK, Lin YC, Ling JJ, Link JM, Litchfield PJ, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu DW, Liu JC, Liu JL, Loh CW, Lu C, Lu HQ, Lu JS, Lucas P, Luk KB, Lv Z, Ma QM, Ma XB, Ma XY, Ma YQ, Malyshkin Y, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mayer N, McDonald KT, McGivern C, McKeown RD, Medeiros MM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell I, Mooney M, Moore CD, Mualem L, Musser J, Nakajima Y, Naples D, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Naumova E, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Ngai HY, Nichol RJ, Ning Z, Nowak JA, O'Connor J, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Olshevskiy A, Orchanian M, Pahlka RB, Paley J, Pan HR, Park J, Patterson RB, Patton S, Pawloski G, Pec V, Peng JC, Perch A, Pfützner MM, Phan DD, Phan-Budd S, Pinsky L, Plunkett RK, Poonthottathil N, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Qiu X, Radovic A, Raper N, Rebel B, Ren J, Rosenfeld C, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Rubin HA, Sail P, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Moed Sher S, Sousa A, Steiner H, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tang W, Taychenachev D, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tian X, Timmons A, Todd J, Tognini SC, Toner R, Torretta D, Treskov K, Tsang KV, Tull CE, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viaux N, Viren B, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang W, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Webb RC, Weber A, Wei HY, Wen LJ, Whisnant K, White C, Whitehead L, Whitehead LH, Wise T, Wojcicki SG, Wong HLH, Wong SCF, Worcester E, Wu CH, Wu Q, Wu WJ, Xia DM, Xia JK, Xing ZZ, Xu JL, Xu JY, Xu Y, Xue T, Yang CG, Yang H, Yang L, Yang MS, Yang MT, Ye M, Ye Z, Yeh M, Young BL, Yu ZY, Zeng S, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang HH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang XT, Zhang YM, Zhang YX, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao YB, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou N, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. Limits on Active to Sterile Neutrino Oscillations from Disappearance Searches in the MINOS, Daya Bay, and Bugey-3 Experiments. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:151801. [PMID: 27768356 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Searches for a light sterile neutrino have been performed independently by the MINOS and the Daya Bay experiments using the muon (anti)neutrino and electron antineutrino disappearance channels, respectively. In this Letter, results from both experiments are combined with those from the Bugey-3 reactor neutrino experiment to constrain oscillations into light sterile neutrinos. The three experiments are sensitive to complementary regions of parameter space, enabling the combined analysis to probe regions allowed by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and MiniBooNE experiments in a minimally extended four-neutrino flavor framework. Stringent limits on sin^{2}2θ_{μe} are set over 6 orders of magnitude in the sterile mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2}. The sterile-neutrino mixing phase space allowed by the LSND and MiniBooNE experiments is excluded for Δm_{41}^{2}<0.8 eV^{2} at 95% CL_{s}.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F P An
- Institute of Modern Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
| | - I Anghel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Aurisano
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A B Balantekin
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H R Band
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - G Barr
- Subdepartment of Particle Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - S Blyth
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - G J Bock
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Bogert
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Cao
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S V Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - C M Castromonte
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - W R Cen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y L Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L C Chang
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - Y Chang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - R Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S M Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Y Chen
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen
| | - Y X Chen
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | | | - J-H Cheng
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - Y P Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z K Cheng
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - J J Cherwinka
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M C Chu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - A Chukanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - J A B Coelho
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - L Corwin
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | | | - J de Arcos
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S De Rijck
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - A V Devan
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - N E Devenish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - X F Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Y Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M V Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Dolgareva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - J Dove
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D A Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - C O Escobar
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, CP 6165, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J J Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Falk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - G J Feldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - W Flanagan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M V Frohne
- Holy Cross College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - M Gabrielyan
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - H R Gallagher
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - S Germani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Gill
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R A Gomes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - M Gonchar
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - M C Goodman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Gouffon
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Graf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - R Gran
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - M Grassi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K Grzelak
- Department of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Q Gu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai
| | - M Y Guan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - R P Guo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X H Guo
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - A Habig
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - R W Hackenburg
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S R Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Han
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Hartnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K M Heeger
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - A Holin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Y K Hor
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Y B Hsiung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - B Z Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - E C Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - H X Huang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - J Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - P Huber
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W Huo
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - G Hussain
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - J Hylen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G M Irwin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z Isvan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D E Jaffe
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Jaffke
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K L Jen
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - D Jensen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Jetter
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X P Ji
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | | | - R A Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J K de Jong
- Subdepartment of Particle Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Joshi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Kafka
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - L Kang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S M S Kasahara
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S H Kettell
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Kohn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Koizumi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kordosky
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - M Kramer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Kreymer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K K Kwan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M W Kwok
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T Kwok
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - K Lang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T J Langford
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Lau
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - L Lebanowski
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - J H C Lee
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - R T Lei
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - R Leitner
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J K C Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - D J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - G S Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai
| | - Q J Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S Li
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S C Li
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - H Liang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - C J Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - G L Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - S Lin
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S K Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Y-C Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - J J Ling
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - P J Litchfield
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - L Littenberg
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - D W Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - J C Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J L Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai
| | | | - C Lu
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - H Q Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - P Lucas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K B Luk
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Lv
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X B Ma
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Q Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Malyshkin
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - W A Mann
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M L Marshak
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - N Mayer
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K T McDonald
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C McGivern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - R D McKeown
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
- Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M M Medeiros
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - R Mehdiyev
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J R Meier
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M D Messier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - W H Miller
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - I Mitchell
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mualem
- Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Y Nakajima
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Napolitano
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - D Naumov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - E Naumova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - H B Newman
- Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Y Ngai
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - R J Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J A Nowak
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J O'Connor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J P Ochoa-Ricoux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - M Orchanian
- Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R B Pahlka
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Paley
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H-R Pan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - J Park
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - R B Patterson
- Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - G Pawloski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Pec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J C Peng
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Perch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M M Pfützner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D D Phan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - S Phan-Budd
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L Pinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - R K Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Poonthottathil
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C S J Pun
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - F Z Qi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Radovic
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - N Raper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Ren
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - C Rosenfeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Roskovec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - X C Ruan
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - H A Rubin
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - P Sail
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M C Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Schneps
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Schreckenberger
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Schreiner
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Sharma
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Moed Sher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - H Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J L Sun
- China General Nuclear Power Group
| | - N Tagg
- Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA
| | - R L Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Taychenachev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - J Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M A Thomson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - X Tian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Timmons
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Todd
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - S C Tognini
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - R Toner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Treskov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - K V Tsang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - G Tzanakos
- Department of Physics, University of Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - J Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vahle
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - N Viaux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Vorobel
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - N Y Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - R G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - X Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z M Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - R C Webb
- Physics Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Weber
- Subdepartment of Particle Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - H Y Wei
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K Whisnant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - C White
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - L Whitehead
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - L H Whitehead
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T Wise
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S G Wojcicki
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - H L H Wong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S C F Wong
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - E Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C-H Wu
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - Q Wu
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - W J Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - D M Xia
- Chongqing University, Chongqing
| | - J K Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Z Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Y Xu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y Xu
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - T Xue
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - C G Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - H Yang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - L Yang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - M S Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Ye
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B L Young
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Z Y Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S Zeng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zhan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - X T Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y M Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | | | - Z J Zhang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Q W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W L Zhong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - N Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
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An FP, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Bishai M, Blyth S, Cao D, Cao GF, Cao J, Cen WR, Chan YL, Chang JF, Chang LC, Chang Y, Chen HS, Chen QY, Chen SM, Chen YX, Chen Y, Cheng JH, Cheng J, Cheng YP, Cheng ZK, Cherwinka JJ, Chu MC, Chukanov A, Cummings JP, de Arcos J, Deng ZY, Ding XF, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Dolgareva M, Dove J, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Gill R, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Grassi M, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo L, Guo RP, Guo XH, Guo Z, Hackenburg RW, Han R, Hans S, He M, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Higuera A, Hor YK, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu T, Hu W, Huang EC, Huang HX, Huang XT, Huber P, Huo W, Hussain G, Jaffe DE, Jaffke P, Jen KL, Jetter S, Ji XP, Ji XL, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, Joshi J, Kang L, Kettell SH, Kohn S, Kramer M, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Langford TJ, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lee JHC, Lei RT, Leitner R, Leung JKC, Li C, Li DJ, Li F, Li GS, Li QJ, Li S, Li SC, Li WD, Li XN, Li YF, Li ZB, Liang H, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin S, Lin SK, Lin YC, Ling JJ, Link JM, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu DW, Liu JL, Liu JC, Loh CW, Lu C, Lu HQ, Lu JS, Luk KB, Lv Z, Ma QM, Ma XY, Ma XB, Ma YQ, Malyshkin Y, Martinez Caicedo DA, McDonald KT, McKeown RD, Mitchell I, Mooney M, Nakajima Y, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Naumova E, Ngai HY, Ning Z, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Olshevskiy A, Pan HR, Park J, Patton S, Pec V, Peng JC, Pinsky L, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Raper N, Ren J, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Steiner H, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tang W, Taychenachev D, Treskov K, Tsang KV, Tull CE, Viaux N, Viren B, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang W, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Wei HY, Wen LJ, Whisnant K, White CG, Whitehead L, Wise T, Wong HLH, Wong SCF, Worcester E, Wu CH, Wu Q, Wu WJ, Xia DM, Xia JK, Xing ZZ, Xu JY, Xu JL, Xu Y, Xue T, Yang CG, Yang H, Yang L, Yang MS, Yang MT, Ye M, Ye Z, Yeh M, Young BL, Yu ZY, Zeng S, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang HH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang XT, Zhang YM, Zhang YX, Zhang YM, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZY, Zhang ZP, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao YB, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou N, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. Improved Search for a Light Sterile Neutrino with the Full Configuration of the Daya Bay Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:151802. [PMID: 27768341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports an improved search for light sterile neutrino mixing in the electron antineutrino disappearance channel with the full configuration of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. With an additional 404 days of data collected in eight antineutrino detectors, this search benefits from 3.6 times the statistics available to the previous publication, as well as from improvements in energy calibration and background reduction. A relative comparison of the rate and energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos in the three experimental halls yields no evidence of sterile neutrino mixing in the 2×10^{-4}≲|Δm_{41}^{2}|≲0.3 eV^{2} mass range. The resulting limits on sin^{2}2θ_{14} are improved by approx imately a factor of 2 over previous results and constitute the most stringent constraints to date in the |Δm_{41}^{2}|≲0.2 eV^{2} region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P An
- Institute of Modern Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
| | | | - H R Band
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - S Blyth
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - D Cao
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W R Cen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y L Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L C Chang
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - Y Chang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - S M Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Y X Chen
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - Y Chen
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen
| | - J-H Cheng
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | | | - Y P Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z K Cheng
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | | | - M C Chu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - A Chukanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | | | - J de Arcos
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X F Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Y Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M V Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - M Dolgareva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - J Dove
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois USA
| | - D A Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - R Gill
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - M Gonchar
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - M Grassi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Q Gu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai
| | - M Y Guan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - R P Guo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X H Guo
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | | | - R Han
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - M He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K M Heeger
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Y K Hor
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia USA
| | - Y B Hsiung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - B Z Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - E C Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois USA
| | - H X Huang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | | | - P Huber
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia USA
| | - W Huo
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - G Hussain
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - D E Jaffe
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - P Jaffke
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia USA
| | - K L Jen
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - S Jetter
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X P Ji
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - R A Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - J Joshi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - L Kang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S H Kettell
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - S Kohn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - M Kramer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - K K Kwan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M W Kwok
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T Kwok
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - T J Langford
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - K Lau
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - L Lebanowski
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - J H C Lee
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - R T Lei
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - R Leitner
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J K C Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - D J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - G S Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai
| | - Q J Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S Li
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S C Li
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - H Liang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - C J Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - G L Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - S Lin
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S K Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Y-C Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - J J Ling
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia USA
| | - L Littenberg
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - D W Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - J L Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai
| | - J C Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - C Lu
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey USA
| | - H Q Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K B Luk
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - Z Lv
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X B Ma
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - Y Q Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Malyshkin
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - K T McDonald
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey USA
| | - R D McKeown
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California USA
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia USA
| | - I Mitchell
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - M Mooney
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - Y Nakajima
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - J Napolitano
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | - D Naumov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - E Naumova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - H Y Ngai
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J P Ochoa-Ricoux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - H-R Pan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - J Park
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia USA
| | - S Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - V Pec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J C Peng
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois USA
| | - L Pinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - C S J Pun
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - F Z Qi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - N Raper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York USA
| | - J Ren
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - B Roskovec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - X C Ruan
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - H Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J L Sun
- China General Nuclear Power Group, Shenzhen
| | - W Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - D Taychenachev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - K Treskov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - K V Tsang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
| | - N Viaux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - V Vorobel
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - N Y Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - R G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia USA
| | - X Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z M Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - H Y Wei
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - C G White
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - L Whitehead
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - T Wise
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin USA
| | - H L H Wong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - S C F Wong
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - E Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - C-H Wu
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - Q Wu
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - W J Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - D M Xia
- Chongqing University, Chongqing
| | - J K Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Z Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Y Xu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Xu
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - T Xue
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - C G Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - H Yang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - L Yang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - M S Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Ye
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - B L Young
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa USA
| | - Z Y Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S Zeng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zhan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York USA
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - X T Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y M Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Y X Zhang
- China General Nuclear Power Group, Shenzhen
| | - Y M Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - Z J Zhang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - J Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Q W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W L Zhong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - N Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
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16
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Chang FJ, Chen PA, Chang LC, Tsai YH. Estimating spatio-temporal dynamics of stream total phosphate concentration by soft computing techniques. Sci Total Environ 2016; 562:228-236. [PMID: 27100003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to model the spatio-temporal dynamics of total phosphate (TP) concentrations along a river for effective hydro-environmental management. We propose a systematical modeling scheme (SMS), which is an ingenious modeling process equipped with a dynamic neural network and three refined statistical methods, for reliably predicting the TP concentrations along a river simultaneously. Two different types of artificial neural network (BPNN-static neural network; NARX network-dynamic neural network) are constructed in modeling the dynamic system. The Dahan River in Taiwan is used as a study case, where ten-year seasonal water quality data collected at seven monitoring stations along the river are used for model training and validation. Results demonstrate that the NARX network can suitably capture the important dynamic features and remarkably outperforms the BPNN model, and the SMS can effectively identify key input factors, suitably overcome data scarcity, significantly increase model reliability, satisfactorily estimate site-specific TP concentration at seven monitoring stations simultaneously, and adequately reconstruct seasonal TP data into a monthly scale. The proposed SMS can reliably model the dynamic spatio-temporal water pollution variation in a river system for missing, hazardous or costly data of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pin-An Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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An FP, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Bishai M, Blyth S, Butorov I, Cao D, Cao GF, Cao J, Cen WR, Chan YL, Chang JF, Chang LC, Chang Y, Chen HS, Chen QY, Chen SM, Chen YX, Chen Y, Cheng JH, Cheng J, Cheng YP, Cherwinka JJ, Chu MC, Cummings JP, de Arcos J, Deng ZY, Ding XF, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Dove J, Draeger E, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Ely SR, Gill R, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Grassi M, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo L, Guo XH, Hackenburg RW, Han R, Hans S, He M, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Higuera A, Hor YK, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu LM, Hu LJ, Hu T, Hu W, Huang EC, Huang HX, Huang XT, Huber P, Hussain G, Jaffe DE, Jaffke P, Jen KL, Jetter S, Ji XP, Ji XL, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, Kang L, Kettell SH, Kohn S, Kramer M, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Langford TJ, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lei RT, Leitner R, Leung KY, Leung JKC, Lewis CA, Li DJ, Li F, Li GS, Li QJ, Li SC, Li WD, Li XN, Li XQ, Li YF, Li ZB, Liang H, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin PY, Lin SK, Ling JJ, Link JM, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu DW, Liu H, Liu JL, Liu JC, Liu SS, Lu C, Lu HQ, Lu JS, Luk KB, Ma QM, Ma XY, Ma XB, Ma YQ, Martinez Caicedo DA, McDonald KT, McKeown RD, Meng Y, Mitchell I, Monari Kebwaro J, Nakajima Y, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Naumova E, Ngai HY, Ning Z, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Olshevski A, Pan HR, Park J, Patton S, Pec V, Peng JC, Piilonen LE, Pinsky L, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Raper N, Ren B, Ren J, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Shao BB, Steiner H, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tang W, Taychenachev D, Tsang KV, Tull CE, Tung YC, Viaux N, Viren B, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang W, Wang WW, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Wei HY, Wen LJ, Whisnant K, White CG, Whitehead L, Wise T, Wong HLH, Wong SCF, Worcester E, Wu Q, Xia DM, Xia JK, Xia X, Xing ZZ, Xu JY, Xu JL, Xu J, Xu Y, Xue T, Yan J, Yang CG, Yang L, Yang MS, Yang MT, Ye M, Yeh M, Young BL, Yu GY, Yu ZY, Zang SL, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang HH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang YM, Zhang YX, Zhang YM, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZY, Zhang ZP, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao YF, Zhao YB, Zheng L, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou N, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at Daya Bay. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:061801. [PMID: 26918980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports a measurement of the flux and energy spectrum of electron antineutrinos from six 2.9 GWth nuclear reactors with six detectors deployed in two near (effective baselines 512 and 561 m) and one far (1579 m) underground experimental halls in the Daya Bay experiment. Using 217 days of data, 296 721 and 41 589 inverse β decay (IBD) candidates were detected in the near and far halls, respectively. The measured IBD yield is (1.55±0.04) ×10(-18) cm(2) GW(-1) day(-1) or (5.92±0.14) ×10(-43) cm(2) fission(-1). This flux measurement is consistent with previous short-baseline reactor antineutrino experiments and is 0.946±0.022 (0.991±0.023) relative to the flux predicted with the Huber-Mueller (ILL-Vogel) fissile antineutrino model. The measured IBD positron energy spectrum deviates from both spectral predictions by more than 2σ over the full energy range with a local significance of up to ∼4σ between 4-6 MeV. A reactor antineutrino spectrum of IBD reactions is extracted from the measured positron energy spectrum for model-independent predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P An
- Institute of Modern Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - H R Band
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - S Blyth
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National United University, Miao-Li, Taiwan
| | - I Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - D Cao
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - W R Cen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Y L Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - L C Chang
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Y Chang
- National United University, Miao-Li, Taiwan
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Q Y Chen
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - S M Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y X Chen
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - J H Cheng
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - J Cheng
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y P Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | | | - M C Chu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - J de Arcos
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - X F Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Y Y Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - M V Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - J Dove
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - E Draeger
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D A Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S R Ely
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - R Gill
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Gonchar
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Grassi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - W Q Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Y Guan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - L Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X H Guo
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - R Han
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - K M Heeger
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Y K Hor
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Y B Hsiung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B Z Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L M Hu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - L J Hu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - W Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - E C Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - H X Huang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | | | - P Huber
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - G Hussain
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D E Jaffe
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - P Jaffke
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - K L Jen
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - S Jetter
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - X P Ji
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J B Jiao
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - R A Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - L Kang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - S H Kettell
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - S Kohn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - M Kramer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - K K Kwan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M W Kwok
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - T Kwok
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - T J Langford
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Lau
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - L Lebanowski
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - R T Lei
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - R Leitner
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Y Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - J K C Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - C A Lewis
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - G S Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q J Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - S C Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - X Q Li
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Liang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - C J Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - G L Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - P Y Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - S K Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J J Ling
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - L Littenberg
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - D W Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J L Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J C Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - S S Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Lu
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - H Q Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - K B Luk
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - X B Ma
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Q Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | | | - K T McDonald
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - R D McKeown
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Y Meng
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - I Mitchell
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Y Nakajima
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - J Napolitano
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Naumov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E Naumova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - H Y Ngai
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J P Ochoa-Ricoux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Olshevski
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - H-R Pan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J Park
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - S Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - V Pec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J C Peng
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - L E Piilonen
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - L Pinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C S J Pun
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - F Z Qi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - N Raper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - B Ren
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - J Ren
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - B Roskovec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - X C Ruan
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - B B Shao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - H Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J L Sun
- China General Nuclear Power Group, China
| | - W Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - D Taychenachev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - K V Tsang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Y C Tung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N Viaux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - V Vorobel
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao-Li, Taiwan
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - N Y Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - R G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - W Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - W W Wang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Z M Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Wei
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | | | - C G White
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L Whitehead
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T Wise
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - H L H Wong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S C F Wong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
| | - E Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - D M Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - J K Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - X Xia
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Z Z Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J Y Xu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J Xu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Xu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - T Xue
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J Yan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - C G Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - L Yang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - M S Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - M T Yang
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - B L Young
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - G Y Yu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Y Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - S L Zang
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Zhan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Q M Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y M Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- China General Nuclear Power Group, China
| | - Y M Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z J Zhang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - J Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Q W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Y F Zhao
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - L Zheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - N Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
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An FP, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Bishai M, Blyth S, Butorov I, Cao GF, Cao J, Cen WR, Chan YL, Chang JF, Chang LC, Chang Y, Chen HS, Chen QY, Chen SM, Chen YX, Chen Y, Cheng JH, Cheng J, Cheng YP, Cherwinka JJ, Chu MC, Cummings JP, de Arcos J, Deng ZY, Ding XF, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Draeger E, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Ely SR, Gill R, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Grassi M, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo L, Guo XH, Hackenburg RW, Han R, Hans S, He M, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Higuera A, Hor YK, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu LM, Hu LJ, Hu T, Hu W, Huang EC, Huang HX, Huang XT, Huber P, Hussain G, Jaffe DE, Jaffke P, Jen KL, Jetter S, Ji XP, Ji XL, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, Kang L, Kettell SH, Kramer M, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Langford TJ, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lei RT, Leitner R, Leung KY, Leung JKC, Lewis CA, Li DJ, Li F, Li GS, Li QJ, Li SC, Li WD, Li XN, Li XQ, Li YF, Li ZB, Liang H, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin PY, Lin SK, Ling JJ, Link JM, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu DW, Liu H, Liu JL, Liu JC, Liu SS, Lu C, Lu HQ, Lu JS, Luk KB, Ma QM, Ma XY, Ma XB, Ma YQ, Martinez Caicedo DA, McDonald KT, McKeown RD, Meng Y, Mitchell I, Monari Kebwaro J, Nakajima Y, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Naumova E, Ngai HY, Ning Z, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Olshevski A, Park J, Patton S, Pec V, Peng JC, Piilonen LE, Pinsky L, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Raper N, Ren B, Ren J, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Shao BB, Steiner H, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tang W, Taychenachev D, Themann H, Tsang KV, Tull CE, Tung YC, Viaux N, Viren B, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang W, Wang WW, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Wei HY, Wen LJ, Whisnant K, White CG, Whitehead L, Wise T, Wong HLH, Wong SCF, Worcester E, Wu Q, Xia DM, Xia JK, Xia X, Xing ZZ, Xu JY, Xu JL, Xu J, Xu Y, Xue T, Yan J, Yang CG, Yang L, Yang MS, Yang MT, Ye M, Yeh M, Yeh YS, Young BL, Yu GY, Yu ZY, Zang SL, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang HH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang YM, Zhang YX, Zhang YM, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZY, Zhang ZP, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao YF, Zhao YB, Zheng L, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou N, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. New measurement of antineutrino oscillation with the full detector configuration at Daya Bay. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:111802. [PMID: 26406819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a new measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance using the fully constructed Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. The final two of eight antineutrino detectors were installed in the summer of 2012. Including the 404 days of data collected from October 2012 to November 2013 resulted in a total exposure of 6.9×10^{5} GW_{th} ton days, a 3.6 times increase over our previous results. Improvements in energy calibration limited variations between detectors to 0.2%. Removal of six ^{241}Am-^{13}C radioactive calibration sources reduced the background by a factor of 2 for the detectors in the experimental hall furthest from the reactors. Direct prediction of the antineutrino signal in the far detectors based on the measurements in the near detectors explicitly minimized the dependence of the measurement on models of reactor antineutrino emission. The uncertainties in our estimates of sin^{2}2θ_{13} and |Δm_{ee}^{2}| were halved as a result of these improvements. An analysis of the relative antineutrino rates and energy spectra between detectors gave sin^{2}2θ_{13}=0.084±0.005 and |Δm_{ee}^{2}|=(2.42±0.11)×10^{-3} eV^{2} in the three-neutrino framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P An
- Institute of Modern Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
| | | | - H R Band
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - S Blyth
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - I Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W R Cen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y L Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L C Chang
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - Y Chang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - S M Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Y X Chen
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - Y Chen
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen
| | - J H Cheng
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | | | - Y P Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - M C Chu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - J de Arcos
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X F Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Y Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M V Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - E Draeger
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D A Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S R Ely
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - R Gill
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Gonchar
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - M Grassi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Q Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - M Y Guan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - X H Guo
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | | | - R Han
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K M Heeger
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Y K Hor
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Y B Hsiung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - B Z Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - L M Hu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - L J Hu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - E C Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - H X Huang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | | | - P Huber
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - G Hussain
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - D E Jaffe
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - P Jaffke
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - K L Jen
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - S Jetter
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X P Ji
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - R A Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - L Kang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S H Kettell
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Kramer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - K K Kwan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M W Kwok
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T Kwok
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - T J Langford
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Lau
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - L Lebanowski
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - R T Lei
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - R Leitner
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Y Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - J K C Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C A Lewis
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - G S Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Q J Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S C Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X Q Li
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - Y F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - H Liang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - C J Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - G L Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - P Y Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - S K Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J J Ling
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - L Littenberg
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - D W Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J L Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - J C Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S S Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Lu
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - H Q Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K B Luk
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X B Ma
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - Y Q Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - K T McDonald
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - R D McKeown
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Y Meng
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - I Mitchell
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Y Nakajima
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - J Napolitano
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Naumov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - E Naumova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - H Y Ngai
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J P Ochoa-Ricoux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Olshevski
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - J Park
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - S Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - V Pec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J C Peng
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - L E Piilonen
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - L Pinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C S J Pun
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - F Z Qi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - N Raper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - B Ren
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - J Ren
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - B Roskovec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - X C Ruan
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - B B Shao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - H Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J L Sun
- China General Nuclear Power Group
| | - W Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - D Taychenachev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - H Themann
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - K V Tsang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Y C Tung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - N Viaux
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - V Vorobel
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - N Y Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - R G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | | | - X Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z M Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - H Y Wei
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - C G White
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L Whitehead
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T Wise
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - H L H Wong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S C F Wong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - E Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - D M Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
- Chongqing University, Chongqing
| | - J K Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X Xia
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Z Z Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Y Xu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Xu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - Y Xu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - T Xue
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - J Yan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an
| | - C G Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Yang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - M S Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Y S Yeh
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - B L Young
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - G Y Yu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Z Y Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - L Zhan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - H H Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - Y M Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | | | - Y M Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - Z J Zhang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - J Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Q W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y F Zhao
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - W L Zhong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - N Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
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Abstract
Oral erythroplakia is a precancerous lesion with high malignant potential, and resection is the recommended treatment. We designed a retrospective study to analyse the outcome of treatment in patients who had operations for oral erythroplakia. A total of 84 patients (74 men and 10 women, mean (SD) age 54 (12) years, range 29-83) were enrolled. Histopathologically the diagnoses were invasive carcinoma (n=3), dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (n=61), and squamous hyperplasia (n=20), and all patients were treated by carbon dioxide laser excision. There was no postoperative malignant transformation, but invasive carcinoma found after initial excision (n=3) was treated by further radical excision. The mean (SD) follow-up period was 46 (29) months (range 1-124), The postoperative recurrent rate was 14/84 (16.7%). The area of oral erythroplakia was the only factor associated with postoperative recurrence on univariate analysis, and was also the only independent factor that predicted postoperative recurrence in multivariate logistic regression analysis. An area exceeding 80 mm2 had the best predictive value (sensitivity=0.71, specificity=0.67) with a 5.1 times increased risk (odds ratio=5.1, CI 95% 1.45 to 18.05, p=0.01) of recurrence. Laser excision is effective for oral erythroplakia that is still confined to dysplasia of any degree, with low morbidity. The area of oral erythroplakia is a predictive factor for postoperative recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Y S Lee
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - L C Chang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - T Y Hsieh
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - T A Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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An FP, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Beriguete W, Bishai M, Blyth S, Butorov I, Cao GF, Cao J, Chan YL, Chang JF, Chang LC, Chang Y, Chasman C, Chen H, Chen QY, Chen SM, Chen X, Chen X, Chen YX, Chen Y, Cheng YP, Cherwinka JJ, Chu MC, Cummings JP, de Arcos J, Deng ZY, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Draeger E, Du XF, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Ely SR, Fu JY, Ge LQ, Gill R, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Grassi M, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo XH, Hackenburg RW, Han GH, Hans S, He M, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Hinrichs P, Hor YK, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu LM, Hu LJ, Hu T, Hu W, Huang EC, Huang H, Huang XT, Huber P, Hussain G, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, Jaffke P, Jen KL, Jetter S, Ji XP, Ji XL, Jiang HJ, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, Kang L, Kettell SH, Kramer M, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Lai WC, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lei RT, Leitner R, Leung A, Leung JKC, Lewis CA, Li DJ, Li F, Li GS, Li QJ, Li WD, Li XN, Li XQ, Li YF, Li ZB, Liang H, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin PY, Lin SK, Lin YC, Ling JJ, Link JM, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu DW, Liu H, Liu JL, Liu JC, Liu SS, Liu YB, Lu C, Lu HQ, Luk KB, Ma QM, Ma XY, Ma XB, Ma YQ, McDonald KT, McFarlane MC, McKeown RD, Meng Y, Mitchell I, Monari Kebwaro J, Nakajima Y, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Naumova E, Nemchenok I, Ngai HY, Ning Z, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Olshevski A, Patton S, Pec V, Peng JC, Piilonen LE, Pinsky L, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Raper N, Ren B, Ren J, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Shao BB, Steiner H, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tam YH, Tang X, Themann H, Tsang KV, Tsang RHM, Tull CE, Tung YC, Viren B, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang LS, Wang LY, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang W, Wang WW, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Webber DM, Wei HY, Wei YD, Wen LJ, Whisnant K, White CG, Whitehead L, Wise T, Wong HLH, Wong SCF, Worcester E, Wu Q, Xia DM, Xia JK, Xia X, Xing ZZ, Xu JY, Xu JL, Xu J, Xu Y, Xue T, Yan J, Yang CC, Yang L, Yang MS, Yang MT, Ye M, Yeh M, Yeh YS, Young BL, Yu GY, Yu JY, Yu ZY, Zang SL, Zeng B, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang FH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang Q, Zhang SH, Zhang YC, Zhang YM, Zhang YH, Zhang YX, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZY, Zhang ZP, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao Y, Zhao YB, Zheng L, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou ZY, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. Search for a light sterile neutrino at Daya Bay. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:141802. [PMID: 25325631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A search for light sterile neutrino mixing was performed with the first 217 days of data from the Daya Bay Reactor Antineutrino Experiment. The experiment's unique configuration of multiple baselines from six 2.9 GW(th) nuclear reactors to six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (effective baselines 512 m and 561 m) and one far (1579 m) underground experimental halls makes it possible to test for oscillations to a fourth (sterile) neutrino in the 10(-3) eV(2)<|Δm(41)(2) |< 0.3 eV(2) range. The relative spectral distortion due to the disappearance of electron antineutrinos was found to be consistent with that of the three-flavor oscillation model. The derived limits on sin(2) 2θ(14) cover the 10(-3) eV(2) ≲ |Δm(41)(2)| ≲ 0.1 eV(2) region, which was largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P An
- Institute of Modern Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
| | | | - H R Band
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - W Beriguete
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - S Blyth
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - I Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y L Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L C Chang
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - Y Chang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - C Chasman
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - H Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - S M Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - X Chen
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - X Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y X Chen
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - Y Chen
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen
| | - Y P Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - M C Chu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - J de Arcos
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Z Y Deng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Y Ding
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M V Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - E Draeger
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - X F Du
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - D A Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S R Ely
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - J Y Fu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Q Ge
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu
| | - R Gill
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Gonchar
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - M Grassi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Q Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - M Y Guan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X H Guo
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | | | - G H Han
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K M Heeger
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Y K Heng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - P Hinrichs
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Y K Hor
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Y B Hsiung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - B Z Hu
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - L M Hu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - L J Hu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - T Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - E C Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - H Huang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | | | - P Huber
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - G Hussain
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Z Isvan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - D E Jaffe
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - P Jaffke
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - K L Jen
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - S Jetter
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X P Ji
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - X L Ji
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - H J Jiang
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu
| | | | - R A Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - L Kang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - S H Kettell
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Kramer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - K K Kwan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M W Kwok
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T Kwok
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W C Lai
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu
| | - K Lau
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - L Lebanowski
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - J Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - R T Lei
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - R Leitner
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague
| | - A Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - J K C Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C A Lewis
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing and Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu
| | - G S Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Q J Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W D Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X N Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X Q Li
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - Y F Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z B Li
- Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | - H Liang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - C J Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - G L Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - P Y Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - S K Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Y C Lin
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu
| | - J J Ling
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - L Littenberg
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - D W Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J L Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - J C Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - S S Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Y B Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - C Lu
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - H Q Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K B Luk
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Q M Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X B Ma
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing
| | - Y Q Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - K T McDonald
- Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - R D McKeown
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Y Meng
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - I Mitchell
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Y Nakajima
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - J Napolitano
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Naumov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - E Naumova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - I Nemchenok
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - H Y Ngai
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Z Ning
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J P Ochoa-Ricoux
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA and Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Olshevski
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region
| | - S Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - V Pec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague
| | - J C Peng
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - L E Piilonen
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - L Pinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C S J Pun
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - F Z Qi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M Qi
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - N Raper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - B Ren
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - J Ren
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - B Roskovec
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague
| | - X C Ruan
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - B B Shao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - H Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - G X Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J L Sun
- China General Nuclear Power Group, Shenzhen
| | - Y H Tam
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - X Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - H Themann
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - K V Tsang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - R H M Tsang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Y C Tung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - V Vorobel
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao-Li
| | - L S Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Y Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - N Y Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - R G Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - W Wang
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA and Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou
| | | | - X Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z M Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - D M Webber
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - H Y Wei
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Y D Wei
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - C G White
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L Whitehead
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T Wise
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - H L H Wong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S C F Wong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - E Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - D M Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J K Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - X Xia
- Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Z Z Xing
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Y Xu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J L Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J Xu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing
| | - Y Xu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - T Xue
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - J Yan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Yang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - M S Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - M Ye
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Y S Yeh
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu
| | - B L Young
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - G Y Yu
- Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - J Y Yu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Z Y Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - B Zeng
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu
| | - L Zhan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - F H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | | | - Q Zhang
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu
| | - S H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y C Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - Y M Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Y H Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y X Zhang
- China General Nuclear Power Group, Shenzhen
| | - Z J Zhang
- Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - J Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Q W Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Y Zhao
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing and College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
| | - W L Zhong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - L Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - Z Y Zhou
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
| | - J H Zou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
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Guo JL, Liao JY, Chang LC, Wu HL, Huang CM. The effectiveness of an integrated multicomponent program for adolescent smoking cessation in Taiwan. Addict Behav 2014; 39:1491-9. [PMID: 24949950 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
If adolescents do not receive appropriate assistance in quitting smoking, they are highly likely to become regular smokers when they enter adulthood. Thus, an effective smoking-cessation program is required. A program was designed based on both the smoking-cessation barriers reported by students and effective strategies derived from the literature. We assigned 143 student smokers from 6 vocational high schools to intervention (n=78) and comparison groups (n=65). Data were collected at the baseline, the end of the program, and 1- and 4-month follow-up time points. For the intervention group, the smoking-abstinence rates confirmed using the urine cotinine test were 22.73% at the end of the program and 20.75% at the 4-month follow-up point. Days smoked in the past month, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score of the intervention group decreased at all of the time points. The group differences in these variables were statistically significant; the magnitude of effect sizes ranged from 0.44 to 0.95. Multicomponent programs addressing smoking-cessation barriers that students encounter can help adolescents quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guo
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, University of National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - J Y Liao
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, University of National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - L C Chang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - H L Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine Cardiopulmonary, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - C M Huang
- Department of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chang LC, Chen PA, Chang FJ. Reinforced two-step-ahead weight adjustment technique for online training of recurrent neural networks. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 2012; 23:1269-1278. [PMID: 24807523 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2012.2200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A reliable forecast of future events possesses great value. The main purpose of this paper is to propose an innovative learning technique for reinforcing the accuracy of two-step-ahead (2SA) forecasts. The real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithm for recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can effectively model the dynamics of complex processes and has been used successfully in one-step-ahead forecasts for various time series. A reinforced RTRL algorithm for 2SA forecasts using RNNs is proposed in this paper, and its performance is investigated by two famous benchmark time series and a streamflow during flood events in Taiwan. Results demonstrate that the proposed reinforced 2SA RTRL algorithm for RNNs can adequately forecast the benchmark (theoretical) time series, significantly improve the accuracy of flood forecasts, and effectively reduce time-lag effects.
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Nishijima KA, Wall MM, Chang LC, Wei Y, Wong DKW. First Report of Association of Mucor circinelloides on Noni (Morinda citrifolia) in Hawaii. Plant Dis 2011; 95:360. [PMID: 30743518 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-10-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noni (Morinda citrifolia) is a popular medicinal plant found in tropical or subtropical regions of the world. The fruit and juice extracts have properties that are reportedly therapeutic for diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancer (1,4). In our studies on noni juice produced from fruit collected from the Kohala and Puna districts of the island of Hawaii from 2008 to 2010, Mucor circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides was isolated from 85% of 157 juice samples and observed with up to 75% incidence on fruit surfaces during fermentation processing in glass jars. Fungal growth, appearing 14 to 21 days in storage at 22°C, was pale yellow to tan brown and was associated with wounded surfaces. Single-spore strains, KN 06-2 (2006; ripe fruit puree) and KN 08-08 (2008; fermented juice; CBS 124110), identified by Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures by molecular methods were 97.3% similar in internal transcribed spacer sequence to the type strain (CBS 195.68). M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides strains (KN 08-08, KN 09-06, or KN 10-02) (2008 to 2010; fermented juice) were inoculated by pipetting an aliquot of 100 μl of fungus strain spore suspension (1 × 105 to 1.33 × 106 spores/ml) onto firm, yellow maturity noni fruit that were washed, surface disinfected, and either wounded (surface cuts) or nonwounded. Controls consisted of no inoculation and sterile distilled water (SDW) inoculation treatments. Ten to twenty each of wounded and nonwounded fruit comprised each inoculation treatment. Fruit were incubated in acrylic bins with a layer of distilled water at the bottom, and sealed with snap-on lids. The bins were incubated on a lab bench at 22 to 23°C under fluorescent lights. Fruits were evaluated for presence of fungal growth and severity of symptoms. To determine viability of spores on inoculated fruit without symptoms, surfaces were swabbed with sterile cotton swabs dipped in SDW, streaked on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, and incubated at 22°C under fluorescent lights. The inoculation experiment was conducted twice. Nonwounded fruit inoculated with M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides strains did not result in infections (KN 09-06 and KN 10-02) or produced slight mycelial growth (0 to 20%; KN 08-08). Wounded fruit inoculated with any of the three strains resulted in 85 to 100% infection of moderate severity. There were no infections in noninoculated or SDW treatments of nonwounded or wounded fruit. Koch's postulates were fulfilled with the reisolation of M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides from selected fruit exhibiting soft tissue, discoloration, and sporulating yellowish green mycelial growth. Swab washes from asymptomatic surfaces of inoculated nonwounded fruit resulted in the growth of M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides on PDA, proving viability of the spores and confirmed that the fungus is primarily pathogenic only on wounded fruit surfaces. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. circinelloides as a wound pathogen of noni fruit. The quality of fermented noni juice may be affected by the presence of M. circinelloides f. sp. circinelloides but can be remedied by pasteurization that does not affect antitumor properties (unpublished data). This fungus is also a reported pathogen of mango (2) and peach (3). References: (1) J. Li et al. Oncol. Rep. 20:1505, 2008. (2) K. Pernezny and G. W. Simone. Phytopathol. News 34:25, 2000. (3) C. Restuccia et al. J. Food Prot. 69:2465, 2006. (4) M. Y. Wang et al. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 23:1127, 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L C Chang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii-Hilo, Hilo 96720
| | - Y Wei
- Clemson University Biomedical Institute, Greenville, SC 29605
| | - D K W Wong
- Department of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, John Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu 96822
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Tsai CH, Chang LC, Chiang HC. Forecasting of ozone episode days by cost-sensitive neural network methods. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:2124-2135. [PMID: 19157520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the occurrence of ozone episode days can be regarded as an imbalanced dataset classification problem. Since the standard artificial neural network (ANN) methods cannot make accurate predictions of such a problem, two cost-sensitive ANN methods, cost-penalty and moving threshold, were used in this study. The models classify each day as episode or non-episode according to the standard of daily maximum 8 h O(3) concentration. The ozone measurements from six monitoring stations in Taiwan were used for model training and performance evaluation. Two different input datasets, regional and single-site, were generated from raw air quality and meteorological observations. According to the numerical experiments, the predictions based on the regional dataset are much better than those obtained from the single-site dataset. Two cost-sensitive ANN methods were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. It was found that the results obtained by the two approaches are similar. If the misclassification costs are known, the cost-sensitive method can minimise the total costs. If the misclassification costs are unknown, the cost-sensitive ANN can obtain a better forecast than the standard ANN method when an appropriate cost ratio is used. For clean areas where episode days are very rare, the forecasts are poor for all methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hui Tsai
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei-hsien, Taiwan
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Shiu LY, Chang LC, Liang CH, Huang YS, Sheu HM, Kuo KW. Solamargine induces apoptosis and sensitizes breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2155-64. [PMID: 17619073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solamargine (SM), a major steroidal alkaloid glycoside, was purified from Solanum incanum plant. SM exhibited the most cytotoxic effect comparing with that of cisplatin (cDDP), methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), epirubicin (EPI) and cyclophosphamide (CP) against human breast cancer cells. In this study, SM induces apoptosis of the breast cancer cells and the mechanism was characterized. SM up-regulated the expressions of external death receptors, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR-I), Fas receptor (Fas), TNFR-I-associated death domain (TRADD), and Fas-associated death domain (FADD). SM also enhanced the intrinsic ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 by up-regulating Bax and down-regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expressions. These effects resulted in the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3 in the cells, indicating that SM triggered extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways of breast cancer cells. Similar to function way of SM, cDDP causes cancer cell apoptosis though caspase-8/caspase-3 and Bax/cytochrome c pathways, but the resistance to cDDP is correlated with Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL overexpression. However, the overexpression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can be broken through by SM. The combined treatment of SM and cDDP significantly reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expressions, and enhanced Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and -3 expressions in breast cancer cells. Thus, the combined use of SM and cDDP may be effective in cDDP-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Shiu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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26
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Assaf Y, Ben-Sira L, Constantini S, Chang LC, Beni-Adani L. Diffusion tensor imaging in hydrocephalus: initial experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27:1717-24. [PMID: 16971621 PMCID: PMC8139798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MR imaging-based technique that provides an in vivo tool for visualization of white matter tracts. In this preliminary study, we used this technique to investigate the diffusion characteristics of white matter tracts in patients with hydrocephalus before and after surgery and compared them with age-matched volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven patients with different types of acute hydrocephalus (defined by acute clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure and imaging evidence of enlarged ventricles) underwent MR imaging including a DTI protocol before and after surgery for shunt placement/revision or ventriculostomy. Eight age-matched healthy subjects served as a control group. The DTI was acquired in a clinical setting that included 6 gradient directions with a b value of 1000 s/mm(2). RESULTS Before surgery, in fiber systems lateral to the ventricles (corona radiata), the diffusion parallel to the fibers was increased (+10%) and the diffusion perpendicular to the fibers was decreased (-25%) in all patients, resulting in an overall increase in the fractional diffusion anisotropy (FA, +28%). Following surgery, the FA values approached those of control values in all except 1 patient. In the corpus callosum, the presurgery FA values in patients with hydrocephalus (HCP) were lower than those of control values, and no significant changes were seen following surgery. CONCLUSIONS DTI can distinguish the compression characteristics of white matter before and after surgery in patients with HCP. At the acute stage of the disease, DTI characteristics point to white matter compression as a possible cause of the observed changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Assaf
- The Levie-Edersheim-Gitter Institute for Functional Brain Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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27
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Abstract
Splenic tumours are occasionally found during routine physical check-ups or elective abdominal image studies. Histologically, most splenic tumours are of benign vascular origin. To avoid unnecessary surgery for asymptomatic patients with benign splenic tumours and clarify the clinicopathological features of spleen tumours, this study gathered 44 cases of primary or isolated metastatic spleen tumours confirmed by pathology from surgery specimens or biopsies. The differences in clinicopathological features and image presentations between benign and malignant spleen tumour were investigated. Thirty-two cases involved benign tumours while 12 cases were malignant. Among the benign tumours, vascular originating tumours were most common (with 14 cases of cavernous haemangiomas, 13 cases of lymphangioma, three cases of lymphangiohaemangioma and one case of Littoral cell angioma). Notably, one, case of inflammatory pseudotumour because of Schistosoma parasite infection was also noted. Among the malignant tumours, there were four cases of angiosarcomas with vascular endothelium origins, as well as lymphomas and six metastatic tumours. Image studies were non-specific. Image study alone is an inadequate basis for making differential diagnoses between benign and malignant tumours. Instead, pathological studies are required for a final diagnosis. Using previous studies and this investigation, fine needle aspiration biopsy of spleen tumours with the help of ultrasonic or computed tomography appears a safe and effective method for obtaining biopsy specimens. Splenectomy is recommended only for patients with malignancies or complications such as intractable abdominal pain, coagulopathy or tumour rupture with an unstable haemodynamic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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28
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Wang DP, Chang LC, Wang MT. Stability of 4-DMAP in solution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2001; 27:997-1001. [PMID: 11763479 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100107682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A stability-indicating reversed-phase performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the detection of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenol (4-DMAP) and its degradation products under accelerated degradation conditions. The degradation kinetics of 4-DMAP in aqueous solution over a pH range of 1.12-6.05 and its stability in solutions based on propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol 400 were investigated. The observed rate constants were shown to follow, apparent first-order kinetics in all cases. The pH rate profile shows that maximum stability of 4-DMAP was observed in the pH range 2.0 to 3.0. Acid/base catalysis of 4-DMAP was not affected by systems of various ionic strengths. Incorporation of nonaqueous propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol 400 in the pH 3.05 solution of 4-DMAP showed an increase in the stability at 55 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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29
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Wang JP, Chang LC, Huang LJ, Kuo SC. Inhibition of extracellular Ca(2+) entry by YC-1, an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, through a cyclic GMP-independent pathway in rat neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 62:679-84. [PMID: 11551512 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator, 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1), on formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in rat neutrophils were examined. YC-1 produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of [Ca(2+)](i) elevation. Pretreatment of neutrophils with YC-1 did not enhance its inhibitory effect. YC-1 also inhibited the [Ca(2+)](i) changes caused by ionomycin. In a biphasic model, measuring the [Ca(2+)](i) stimulation by fMLP in a Ca(2+)-free medium followed by reintroduction of Ca(2+), YC-1 mainly affected Ca(2+) influx. YC-1 also inhibited active and passive Mn(2+) influx, and this inhibitory effect was not attenuated by the sGC inhibitor 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinequinone (LY83583). Sodium nitroprusside did not affect the fMLP-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i) changes. Pretreatment of neutrophils with the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) guanosine-3',5'-monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS), LY83583, the protein phosphatase 2B inhibitor cyclosporin A, or the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine did not attenuate the inhibition of [Ca(2+)](i) by YC-1. YC-1 inhibited the fMLP-stimulated protein tyrosine phosphorylation. These results indicate that cyclic GMP does not play an important role in the regulation of [Ca(2+)](i) in rat neutrophils. Inhibition of fMLP-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i) changes by YC-1 is mainly via the blockade of Ca(2+) entry through the inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity, but not the stimulation of protein kinase C and protein phosphatase 2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Wang
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 407, ROC, Taichung, Taiwan.
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30
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Chang LC, Wang JP. Signal transduction pathways for activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by arachidonic acid in rat neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69:659-65. [PMID: 11310854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in response to arachidonic acid (AA) was rapid and transient, peaking at 1 min and disappearing after 3 min, and it was accompanied by an increase in ERK activity in rat neutrophils. We examined the upstream regulation of AA-stimulated ERK activation using one of the following signaling pathway inhibitors to pretreat rat cells: the ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 or PD98059, the G(i/o) inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX), the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin or LY294002, the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, or the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122. All of these inhibitors attenuated AA-induced ERK activation. Activation of ERK was also effectively attenuated by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C and by the leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor MK886, but the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin did not attenuate ERK activation. After exposing cells to three distinct protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, we found that Gö6976 significantly attenuated ERK phosphorylation but potentiated ERK activity. Neither Gö6983 nor GF109203X affected AA-induced responses. These data suggest that the lipoxygenase metabolite(s) produced mediates AA-stimulated ERK activation and that this effect is upstream regulated by PT-sensitive G protein, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K, and PLC/Ca2+ signaling pathways in rat neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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31
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Chang LC, Lin HS, Chen WC. The reappraisal of nephrocalcin--its role in the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth and interaction with divalent metal ions. Urol Res 2001; 29:89-93. [PMID: 11396734 DOI: 10.1007/s002400000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nephrocalcin (NC) is a potent crystal growth inhibitor of calcium oxalate monohydrate. However, the sequence is undefined owing to its multiple glycosylations. Although there have been many biochemical studies of the binding capacity of calcium, the study of the function of the domain is still deferred. By using S-200 gel filtration and Mono Q ion-exchange chromatographic procedures, NC can be purified without further treatment for the removal of urobilirubin. The kinetic study of crystal growth in calcium oxalate monohydrate is performed using a seed slurry system. NC was cut into two peptides through interaction with copper ion and ascorbic acid. The interaction site of the copper ion is presumed to be located between 8 and 6 kDa of molecular weight in NC. The data suggest that divalent metal ions may be involved in the calcium oxalate crystallization through interaction with NC. The role of ascorbic acid in the formation of urinary stones should be reappraised for its association in the redox reaction, with resultant protein digestion in the presence of copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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32
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Kuo KW, Hsu SH, Li YP, Lin WL, Liu LF, Chang LC, Lin CC, Lin CN, Sheu HM. Anticancer activity evaluation of the solanum glycoalkaloid solamargine. Triggering apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:1865-73. [PMID: 11108802 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Solamargine, an herbal and molluscicidal medicine derived from Solanum incanum, is a steroidal alkaloid glycoside. To characterize the anticancer mechanism of solamargine on human hepatoma cells (Hep3B), changes of cell morphology, DNA content, and gene expression of cells after solamargine treatment were studied. The appearance in solamargine-treated cells of chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and a sub-G(1) peak in a DNA histogram suggests that solamargine induces cell death by apoptosis. The maximum number of dead Hep3B cells was detected within 2 hr of incubation with constant concentrations of solamargine, and no further cell death was observed after an extended incubation with solamargine, indicating that the action of solamargine was irreversible. To determine the susceptibility of cell phases to solamargine-mediated apoptosis, Hep3B cells were synchronized at defined cell cycles by cyclosporin A, colchicine, and genistein, followed by solamargine treatment. The IC(50) values of solamargine for control, G(0)/G(1)-, M-, and G(2)/M-synchronized Hep3B cells were 5.0, > 10, 3.7, and 3.1 microg/mL, implying that cells in the G(2)/M phases are relatively susceptible to solamargine-mediated apoptosis. In addition, a parallel up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-I and -II on Hep3B cells was detected after solamargine treatment, and the solamargine-mediated cytotoxicity could be neutralized with either TNFR-I or -II specific antibody. Therefore, these results reveal that the actions of TNFR-I and -II on Hep3B cells may be independent, and both are involved in the mechanism of solamargine-mediated apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Solanaceous Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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33
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Chang LC, Gills JJ, Bhat KP, Luyengi L, Farnsworth NR, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Activity-guided isolation of constituents of Cerbera manghas with antiproliferative and antiestrogenic activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2431-4. [PMID: 11078194 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new cardenolides, (-)-14-hydroxy-3beta-(3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-rhamnosyl)-11a lpha, 12alpha-epoxy-(5beta,14beta,17betaH)-card-20 (22)-enolide (1), (-)-14-hydroxy-3beta-(3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-glucopyranosyl)-11al pha,12alpha-epoxy-(5beta,14beta,17betaH)-card -20(22)-enolide (2), and a known cardenolide, (-)-17beta-neriifolin (3), were isolated from the roots of Cerbera manghas as antiproliferative and antiestrogenic principles when evaluated against a human colon cancer cell line (Col2) and the Ishikawa cell line, respectively. Two known lignans, (-)-olivil (4) and (-)-cycloolivil (5), were also isolated but were inactive in the assay systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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34
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Chang LC, Song LL, Park EJ, Luyengi L, Lee KJ, Farnsworth NR, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Bioactive constituents of Thuja occidentalis. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:1235-1238. [PMID: 11000026 DOI: 10.1021/np0001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of the combined leaves and twigs of Thuja occidentalis was found to inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in cultured mouse epidermal ME 308 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of six active constituents (1-6), namely, (+)-7-oxo-13-epi-pimara-14,15-dien-18-oic acid (1), (+)-7-oxo-13-epi-pimara-8,15-dien-18-oic acid (2), (+)-isopimaric acid (3), (1S,2S,3R)-(+)-isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin (4), (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (5), and (-)-deoxypodorhizone (6). Compounds 1 and 4 are new natural products, and their structures and stereochemistry were determined using spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for inhibition of the transformation of murine epidermal JB6 cells, inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase induction with murine epidermal ME 308 cells, and cytotoxic activity against KB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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35
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Chang LC, Sheu HM, Huang YS, Kuo KW. Quantitative determination of the expression of xeroderma pigmentosum F gene in human nonmelanoma skin cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 273:454-8. [PMID: 10873627 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) has been evidenced with an impaired function in nucleotide excision repair (NER). However, malfunction of NER elements in NMSC has not been identified. Xeroderma pigmentosum F (XPF) is an essential subunit in NER and functions as a 5'-incision enzyme when repairing damaged DNA. So far, neither XPF's protein nor antibody is commercially available. To explore the expression of XPF in NMSC, the gene was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All the designed primers specifically amplified XPF cDNA as demonstrated by nested PCR, and one set of the primers was mimic constructed to form a controlled cDNA for the semiquantification of XPF gene in NMSC. The results indicated that the quantities of XPF expression of BCC and SCC specimens were approximately 57.0 and 76.4% less than that of normal skins, respectively. This paper indicates that the decrease expression of XPF gene may be one of mechanisms for impaired NER in NMSC, and the feasible and quantitative primers used in the experiments may explore the study of XPF in etiology of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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36
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Byun Y, Chang LC, Lee LM, Han IS, Singh VK, Yang VC. Low molecular weight protamine: a potent but nontoxic antagonist to heparin/low molecular weight protamine. ASAIO J 2000; 46:435-9. [PMID: 10926141 DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200007000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid bleeding complications, protamine is routinely used after cardiovascular surgery to neutralize the anticoagulant function of heparin. However, its clinical use is associated with adverse and sometimes fatal reactions. Based on literature review of the mechanism of heparin neutralization and protamine induced immunologic toxicity, we propose the following hypothesis: If a chain shortened low molecular weight protamine (LMWP) containing the heparin neutralizing domain could be derived from native protamine, it could be a potent and yet nontoxic heparin antagonist. In this study, we present results to validate this hypothesis. LMWP fragments containing an intact arginine sequence and an average molecular weight of approximately 1,100 daltons were successfully prepared by enzymatic digestion of protamine with thermolysin. In vitro studies show that such LMWP fragments completely neutralized the anticoagulant functions of heparin and LMWH, based on the anti-Xa chromogenic and aPTT clotting time assays. In vivo results reveal that although injection of protamine to mice led to obvious production of anti-protamine antibodies, injection of LMWP did not elicit any detectable immunogenic responses. In addition, these LMWP fragments exhibited a markedly reduced antigenicity and cross-reactivity toward the mice anti-protamine antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Byun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA
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37
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Abstract
The diethyl ether extract of Isodon excisus var. coreanus exhibited significant inhibitory activity in aromatase assay. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of three active compounds: inflexin (ent-1alpha-hydroxy-3beta,6a-diacetoxykaur-16-en-11,15-dione ) (1), ursolic acid (2), and ursolic acid 3-O-acetate (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jeong
- PCRPS and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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38
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Abstract
The signal transduction pathways activated by arachidonic acid that lead to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in neutrophils remains unclear. In this study, selective inhibitors of several signalling pathways were utilized to investigate the mechanisms of activation of p38 MAPK by arachidonic acid in rat neutrophils. Stimulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation by arachidonic acid and its trifluoromethyl ketone analogue AACOCF3 was transient, peaking at 1 min, and was concentration-dependent. Arachidonic acid-stimulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation was attenuated in cells pretreated with the Gi/o inhibitor (pertussis toxin), but not with the dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor (BW755C) or the leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor (MK886). Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein), but not the extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126), attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by arachidonic acid. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) did not affect the arachidonic acid-induced response. After pretreatment of the cells with protein kinase C inhibitors (Gö6976, Gö6983 and GF109203X), only Gö6976 significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by arachidonic acid. In addition, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by arachidonic acid was greatly attenuated by the phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122) and the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA ((1,2-bis-o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), but not altered by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Arachidonic acid did not cause an increase in cellular cyclic GMP level. This study revealed the involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C/Ca2+, and probably Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C in arachidonic acid-stimulated p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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39
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Abstract
The signaling pathways leading to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated rat neutrophils were examined. Immunoblot analysis with antibodies against a phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK showed that fMLP-stimulated p38 MAPK activation was dependent on a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Two phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002), did not affect the p38 MAPK activation. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was concentration dependently attenuated by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, and by a Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase C inhibitor, 13-cyanoethyl-12-methyl-6,7,12,13-tetrahydroindolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3 , 4-c]carbazole-7-one (Gö6976). However, the protein kinase C inhibitors with a broader spectrum, 2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-y l)-maleimide (Gö6983) and 2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-maleimi de (GF109203X), had no inhibitory effect. fMLP-stimulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation was also reduced in cells pretreated with a phospholipase C inhibitor, 1-[6-((17beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3, 5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122), or preloaded with an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, 1, 2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). We conclude that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by fMLP stimulation in rat neutrophils is dependent on G(i/o) protein, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C/Ca(2+), and probably Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase C pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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40
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Abstract
[structure: see text] Three novel flavonoids, (+)-tephrorins A (1) and B (2) and (+)-tephrosone (3), were isolated from Tephrosia purpurea. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectral analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined by Mosher ester methodology. Compounds 1 and 2 are flavanones containing an unusual tetrahydrofuran moiety. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their potential cancer chemopreventive properties using a cell-based quinone reductase induction assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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41
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Abstract
Two relatively simple electrochemical assay methods suitable for the measurement of plasminogen activators (including urokinase (u-PA), streptokinase (SK), and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)) in plasma samples are described. In one approach, the initial rate of decrease in the potentiometric response of a polycation-sensitive membrane electrode toward protamine is monitored after addition of a preincubated reaction mixture containing the sample and exogenous plasminogen. The plasmin formed from plasminogen by the activators catalyzes the decomposition of the arginine-rich protamine substrate, yielding smaller polycationic fragments that are not sensed by the electrode. Alternately, the sample, plasminogen, and protamine can be incubated together, and the remaining protamine in this reaction mixture can be measured at a fixed point in time by placing the electrode into the mixture and recording the electromotive force response. Working curves found with both methods for plasma samples spiked with varying levels of the activators cover the expected therapeutic activity ranges found in the plasma of patients treated with these "clot-busting" drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1065, USA
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42
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in pleural effusions caused by tuberculosis (TB) and malignancy and their relationship with plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA), and to compare the differences between tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions. In addition, the relationship between the effusion levels of these parameters and the development of residual pleural thickening was evaluated in the patients with tuberculous pleurisy. DESIGN Prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, PAI-1, and tPA were measured simultaneously in blood and pleural fluid using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 33 patients with tuberculous and in 30 patients with malignant pleural effusions. Residual pleural thickening was measured and defined as a pleural thickness of >/= 10 mm found on chest radiographs at the completion of anti-TB chemotherapy in tuberculous pleurisy patients. RESULTS In both groups, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrinolytic enzymes were significantly higher in pleural fluid than in blood. The levels of TNF-alpha and PAI-1 were significantly higher in tuberculous than in malignant effusions. In contrast, malignant pleural fluid had significantly higher values of tPA than did tuberculous pleural fluid. In tuberculous effusions, the values of PAI-1 and the PAI-1/tPA ratio correlated positively and the levels of tPA correlated negatively with those of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. In malignant pleural fluid, positive correlations were found between the values of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and PAI-1. Residual pleural thickening was found in 9 of 33 patients (27. 3%) with tuberculous pleurisy. The pleural fluid values of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and PAI-1 were significantly higher and the concentrations of tPA were significantly lower in tuberculous pleurisy patients with residual pleural thickening. CONCLUSIONS Compared to malignant pleural effusion, fibrinolytic activity in pleural fluid was reduced in tuberculous effusion. Pleural inflammation caused by TB may enhance the release of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha, which subsequently may increase PAI-1 and decrease tPA in pleural fluid. The imbalance of PAI-1 and tPA in pleural space may lead to fibrin deposition and pleural thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hua
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin CS, Sun YL, Liu CY, Yang PC, Chang LC, Cheng IC, Mao SJ, Huang MC. Complete nucleotide sequence of pig (Sus scrofa) mitochondrial genome and dating evolutionary divergence within Artiodactyla. Gene 1999; 236:107-14. [PMID: 10433971 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the pig (Sus scrofa) mitochondrial genome, containing 16613bp, is presented in this report. The genome is not a specific length because of the presence of the variable numbers of tandem repeats, 5'-CGTGCGTACA in the displacement loop (D-loop). Genes responsible for 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 protein-coding regions are found. The genome carries very few intergenic nucleotides with several instances of overlap between protein-coding or tRNA genes, except in the D-loop region. For evaluating the possible evolutionary relationships between Artiodactyla and Cetacea, the nucleotide substitutions and amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes were aligned by pairwise comparisons of the pig, cow, and fin whale. By comparing these sequences, we suggest that there is a closer relationship between the pig and cow than that between either of these species and fin whale. In addition, the accumulation of transversions and gaps in pig 12S and 16S rRNA genes was compared with that in other eutherian species, including cow, fin whale, human, horse, and harbor seal. The results also reveal a close phylogenetic relationship between pig and cow, as compared to fin whale and others. Thus, according to the sequence differences of mitochondrial rRNA genes in eutherian species, the evolutionary separation of pig and cow occurred about 53-60 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, Pig Research Institute Taiwan, P.O. Box 23, Chunan 350, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Chang LC, Wang JP. Examination of the signal transduction pathways leading to activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in rat neutrophils. FEBS Lett 1999; 454:165-8. [PMID: 10413116 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The signaling pathways leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated rat neutrophils were examined. fMLP-stimulated ERK activation based on immunoblot analysis with antibodies against the phosphorylation form of ERK was attenuated by the pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin but not with a dual cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C. Exposure of cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002, or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors Gö6976, Gö6983, and GF109203X inhibited fMLP-stimulated ERK phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, both the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 and the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA attenuated ERK activation. These results indicate that G(i/o) protein, tyrosine kinase, P13K, PKC, and PLC/Ca2+, but not arachidonate metabolites, act upstream of fMLP-stimulated ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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Chang LC, Sheu HM, Huang YS, Tsai TR, Kuo KW. A novel function of emodin: enhancement of the nucleotide excision repair of UV- and cisplatin-induced DNA damage in human cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 58:49-57. [PMID: 10403518 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the main pathway by which mammalian cells remove carcinogenic DNA lesions caused by UV light and many other common mutagens. To explore the effect of emodin on NER, its influence on the repair of UV- and cisplatin-induced DNA damage in human fibroblast cells (WI38) was evaluated. Emodin increased unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) of UV-treated cells and reduced cisplatin-induced DNA adducts in WI38 in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that emodin might promote NER capability in cells. The resultant NER complex is a cooperative assembly of XPF, ERCC1, XPA, RPA, and XPG subunits. The gene regulations of the subunits after emodin treatment were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers. Among the subunits, the expression of ERCC1 in WI38 cells was up-regulated significantly after emodin treatment. All other expressions remained essentially unchanged. In addition, calcium influx in WI38 was increased in proportion to the concentration of emodin. Since UV-induced NER is Ca2+ dependent, elevation of calcium influx may be another mechanism by which emodin facilitates DNA repair. In conclusion, emodin can increase the repair of UV- and cisplatin-induced DNA damage in human cells, and elevated ERCC1 gene expression and Ca2+-mediated DNA repair processes may be involved in the repair mechanism of emodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan
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46
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Abstract
We have investigated the inhibitory effect of 2-hydroxymethyl-1-naphthol diacetate (TAC) on the respiratory burst of rat neutrophils and the underlying mechanism of action was also assessed in this study. TAC caused concentration-related inhibition of the formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) plus dihydrocytochalasin B (CB)- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide anion (O2*-) generation (IC50 10.2+/-2.3 and 14.1+/-2.4 microM, respectively) and O2 consumption (IC50 9.6+/-2.9 and 13.3+/-2.7 microM, respectively) of neutrophils. TAC did not scavenge the generated O2*- during dihydroxyfumaric acid autoxidation. TAC inhibited both the transient elevation of [Ca2+]i in the presence or absence of [Ca2+]o (IC50 75.9+/-8.9 and 84.7+/-7.9 microM, respectively) and the generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) (IC50 72.0+/-9.7 microM) in response to fMLP. Cytosolic phospholipase C (PLC) activity was also reduced by TAC at a same range of concentrations. The PMA-induced PKC-beta associated to membrane was attenuated by TAC (about 80% inhibition at 30 microM). Upon exposure to fMLP, the cellular cyclic AMP level was decreased in neutrophils pretreated with TAC. TAC attenuated fMLP-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42/44 (IC50 17.4+/-1.7 microM), but not p38. The cellular formation of phosphatidic acid (PA) and, in the presence of ethanol, phosphatidylethanol (PEt) induced by fMLP was inhibited by TAC in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 25.4+/-2.4 and 25.9+/-1.4 microM, respectively). TAC had no effect on the O2*- generation of PMA-stimulated and arachidonic acid (AA)-stimulated NADPH oxidase preparations. However, TAC caused concentration-related decrease of the membrane associated p47phoX in PMA-stimulated neutrophils (about 80% inhibition at 30 microM). We conclude that inhibition by TAC of the neutrophil respiratory burst is probably attributable to the blockade of the p42/44 MAPK and phospholipase D (PLD) pathways, the membrane translocation of PKC, and to the failure in assembly of a functional NADPH oxidase complex. Blockade of the PLC pathway by TAC probably plays a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical College, Taiwan
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Yun JH, Han IS, Chang LC, Ramamurthy N, Meyerhoff ME, Yang VC. Electrochemical sensors for polyionic macromolecules: development and applications in pharmaceutical research. Pharm Sci Technol Today 1999; 2:102-110. [PMID: 10322363 DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(99)00121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The first electrochemical sensors responsive towards polyionic heparin and protamine - two clinically important polymeric drugs - have been fully developed. The response mechanism of these sensors has been completely elucidated. As well as their significance in measuring blood heparin levels in clinically relevant concentration ranges, these polyion sensors could also find broad applications in pharmaceutical research, such as in the study of the binding events between heparin (or protamine) and other polycationic (or polyanionic) macromolecules. In addition, the sensors could be employed in the design of blood assays for a range of clinically important proteases and their inhibitors by utilizing either protamine or specially designed synthetic polypeptides as the substrates
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Affiliation(s)
- JH Yun
- aCollege of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065 USA
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Wang JP, Hsu MF, Raung SL, Chang LC, Tsao LT, Lin PL, Chen CC. Inhibition by magnolol of formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenyl alanine-induced respiratory burst in rat neutrophils. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:285-94. [PMID: 10344629 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991772466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the plant product magnolol on neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-*) generation has been investigated in the rat. Intraperitoneal injection of magnolol (30mg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited the formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced respiratory burst in rat whole blood ex-vivo. Magnolol also inhibited the 02-* generation with an IC50 (concentration resulting in 50% inhibition) of 15.4+/-1.6 microM and O2 consumption in rat neutrophils in-vitro. Magnolol weakly inhibited the O2-* generation in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, decreased cellular cyclic AMP level and had no effect on cyclic GMP levels. It weakly inhibited neutrophil cytosolic protein kinase C activity but did not alter porcine heart protein kinase A activity. Magnolol attenuated fMLP-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation with an IC50 of 24.0+/-1.9 microM and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44 with an IC50 of 28.5+/-4.5 microM. However, magnolol alone activated neutrophil phospholipase D activity as determined by the formation of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl-ethanol in the presence of ethanol. In the presence of NADPH, the arachidonate-activated NADPH oxidase activity in a cell-free system was weakly suppressed by magnolol. These results suggest that the inhibition of respiratory burst in fMLP-activated neutrophils by magnolol is probably attributable mainly to the attenuation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and partly to the suppression of protein kinase C and NADPH oxidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, China Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chung HS, Chang LC, Lee SK, Shamon LA, van Breemen RB, Mehta RG, Farnsworth NR, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Flavonoid constituents of Chorizanthe diffusa with potential cancer chemopreventive activity. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:36-41. [PMID: 10563845 DOI: 10.1021/jf980784o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of Chorizanthe diffusa was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity, as judged by scavenging stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced free radical formation with cultured HL-60 cells. Bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract using the DPPH antioxidant assay as a monitor led to the isolation of five structurally related flavonoids (1-5), including the novel compound 5,8,3',4',5'-pentahydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone (1). Isolates 1-5 demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidant or antimutagenic activity. Two of the compounds, 5,7,3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2) and quercetin (4), were subsequently found to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture model. Inhibitory activity of this type is known to correlate with cancer chemopreventive effects in full-term models of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chung
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Lin YT, Chang LC. Space changes after premature loss of the mandibular primary first molar: a longitudinal study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1998; 22:311-6. [PMID: 9796501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the space changes after premature loss of the primary mandibular first molar. Twenty-one children (12 boys and 9 girls), with premature loss of the primary mandibular first molar, were selected from the children's dental clinic for this study. The age ranged from 5.1 to 7.2 years with an average of 6 years and 11 months. Mandibular study casts were made from alginate impression for each initial examination and a follow-up examination eight months later. Four measurements including D+E (first and second primary molars) space, arch width, arch length and arch perimeter were tested for comparisons between the initial examination and the follow-up examination eight months later. The D+E space of intact primary molars served as a control. The results showed that the D+E space on the extraction side after the follow-up examination eight months later was significantly shorter than the control side (p = 0.025) and less than the initial D+E space (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences on arch width, arch length, and arch perimeter between the initial examination and the follow-up examination eight months later (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the space change after the eruption of the first permanent molar in the mandible is mostly distal movement of the primary cuspid during the early stage of premature loss of the primary first molar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lin
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Taiwan, R.O.C
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