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Sykora M, Kratky V, Cervenka L, Kopkan L, Tribulova N, Szeiffova Bacova B. The treatment with trandolapril and losartan attenuates pressure and volume overload alternations of cardiac connexin-43 and extracellular matrix in Ren-2 transgenic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20923. [PMID: 38017033 PMCID: PMC10684879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is life-threatening disease due to electro-mechanical dysfunction associated with hemodynamic overload, while alterations of extracellular matrix (ECM) along with perturbed connexin-43 (Cx43) might be key factors involved. We aimed to explore a dual impact of pressure, and volume overload due to aorto-caval fistula (ACF) on Cx43 and ECM as well as effect of renin-angiotensin blockade. Hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) and normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats (HSD) that underwent ACF were treated for 15-weeks with trandolapril or losartan. Blood serum and heart tissue samples of the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV) were used for analyses. ACF-HF increased RV, LV and lung mass in HSD and to lesser extent in TGR, while treatment attenuated it and normalized serum ANP, BNP-45 and TBARS. Cx43 protein and its ser368 variant along with PKCε were lower in TGR vs HSD and suppressed in both rat strains due to ACF but prevented more by trandolapril. Pro-hypertrophic PKCδ, collagen I and hydroxyproline were elevated in TGR and increased due to ACF in both rat strains. While SMAD2/3 and MMP2 levels were lower in TGR vs HSD and reduced due to ACF in both strains. Findings point out the strain-related differences in response to volume overload. Disorders of Cx43 and ECM signalling may contribute not only to HF but also to the formation of arrhythmogenic substrate. There is benefit of treatment with trandolapril and losartan indicating their pleiotropic anti-arrhythmic potential. It may provide novel input to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Kratky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Babarikova K, Svitok P, Kopkan L, Zeman M, Molcan L. Decreased sympathetic nerve activity in young hypertensive rats reared by normotensive mothers. Life Sci 2023; 333:122179. [PMID: 37852575 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Early postnatal development can be significantly compromised by changes in factors provided by the mother, leading to increased vulnerability to hypertension in her offspring. TGR(mRen-2)27 (TGR) mothers, characterised by an overactivated renin-angiotensin system, exhibit altered ion composition in their breast milk. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the impact of cross-fostering on cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive TGR and normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured cardiovascular parameters in 5- to 10-week-old male offspring by telemetry. The expression of proteins related to vascular function was assessed by western blotting in the aortic samples obtained from 6- to 12-week-old male offspring. Plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). KEY FINDINGS The development of hypertension was in TGR accompanied by increased low-to-high frequency ratio (LF/HF; a marker of sympathovagal balance; 0.51 ± 0.16 in week 10). Furthermore, TGR exhibited increased aortic expression of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR; p < 0.05) and transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-β1; p = 0.002) compared to HanSD offspring. Fostering significantly decreased sympathovagal balance (0.23 ± 0.10 in week 10) and, transiently, plasma Ang II levels and MR expression in TGR offspring reared by HanSD mothers. SIGNIFICANCE These findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex interplay between early life experiences, maternal factors, and later cardiovascular function. Understanding the mechanisms behind the observed effects may help to identify potential interventions to prevent the development of hypertension later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Babarikova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Pavel Svitok
- GYN - FIV a.s., Centre for Gynaecology and Assisted Reproduction, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Sutovska H, Molcan L, Majzunova M, Sykora M, Kopkan L, Zeman M. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade protects the kidneys but does not affect inverted blood pressure rhythm in hypertensive transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 572:111967. [PMID: 37210027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone regulates blood pressure (BP) through water and sodium balance. In our study, we studied if continuous treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone (30 mg/kg/day) for 20 days can: 1) attenuate hypertension development and restore inverted 24-h BP rhythm in hypertensive transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats (TGR) measured by telemetry; 2) improve function of the kidneys and heart; 3) be protective against high salt load (1% in water) by mitigating oxidative injury and improving kidney function. Spironolactone decreased albuminuria and 8-isoprostane in normal and salt load conditions in BP-independent effects. Salt load increased BP, impaired autonomic balance, suppressed plasma aldosterone level and increased natriuresis, albuminuria and oxidative injury in TGR. Spironolactone did not restore the inverted 24-h rhythm of BP in TGR, therefore, mineralocorticoids are not crucial in regulation of BP daily profile. Spironolactone improved kidney function, decreased oxidative stress and was protective against high salt load in the BP-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sutovska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Miroslava Majzunova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Sykora M, Kratky V, Tribulova N, Kopkan L, Szeiffova Bacova B. Cardioprotective effect of angiotensin (1-7) in experimentally induced heart failure in rats. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic VEGA 2/0158/19, VEGA 2/0002/20; Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV-15-0119, APVV-18-0548
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure that affects the proper functioning of various tissues. ECM is involved in cell signaling, participates in the origin and development of pathology and its positive influence can result in improved disease. The pathophysiology of ECM also affects intercellular communication, which results in various arrhythmias in the heart. In the present work, we focused on the signaling pathways involved in cardiac structural remodeling due to volume overload, and at the same time, we tested the possibilities of the cardioprotective effect of angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)). As an experimental model of volume overload, we chose the aortocaval fistula (ACF) model, where we focused on the compensatory phase of heart failure. Male, 8 weeks old rats, from the normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HSD), the hypertensive Ren-2 of transgenic rats (TGR), and transgenic rats expressing the angiotensin (1-7) producing a fusion protein (TGR(A1-7)3292), we operationally created the ACF. 5 weeks after operation, the animals were decapitated and cardiac tissue samples were taken. Right and left ventricular tissue samples were used for biometric, biochemical, and proteomic analyzes. TGR(A1-7)3292 rats had significantly less hypertrophy compared to HSD and TGR after ACF. Hydroxyproline was increased in the TGR ACF group in both ventricles and in the right ventricle it was significantly reduced by Ang (1-7) compared to TGR ACF. In our selected proteins, the group of protein kinases C (PKC) α, δ, ε, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), SMAD2/3, connexin 43 (Cx43) and its phosphorylated form (pCx43) there were changes in protein levels, either due to hypertension after ACF, and in several cases the cardioprotective effect of Ang (1-7) was confirmed. PKCα and PKCδ showed a decrease in the TGR ACF group compared to HSD ACF and a decrease in the TGR(A1-7)3292 ACF group compared to HSD and TGR after ACF in both chambers. MMP-2 activity in the left and right ventricles had a reduced trend in the TGR and TGR(A1-7)3292 groups after ACF compared to HSD ACF. The same change occurred in MMP-2 protein expression in the right ventricle, in contrast to the left ventricle, where no change occurred. In the right ventricle, there was a decrease in SMAD2/3 protein expression in the TGR(A1-7)3292 group of ACF compared to HSD and TGR after ACF. Cx43 and pCx43 showed a very similar trend in both chambers, with an increase in the TGR ACF group versus HSD ACF, and the TGR(A1-7)3292 ACF versus HSD and TGR after ACF. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the right ventricle is more significantly affected by ACF and the endogenous production of Ang (1-7) alleviated the changes of the monitored proteins and the remodeling of the ECM caused by volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sykora
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - V Kratky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - N Tribulova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - L Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - B Szeiffova Bacova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine , Bratislava , Slovakia
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Sykora M, Kratky V, Andelova K, Tribulova N, Kopkan L, Szeiffova Bacova B. Cardiac hypertrophy as a response to volume overload in normotension and hypertension, and possible cardioprotection with angiotensin (1–7). Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure that affects the proper functioning of various tissues. ECM is involved in cell signaling, participates in the origin and development of pathology and its positive influence can result in improved disease. The pathophysiology of ECM also affects intercellular communication, which results in various arrhythmias in the heart. In the present work, we focused on the signaling pathways involved in cardiac structural remodeling due to volume overload, and at the same time, we tested the possibilities of the cardioprotective effect of angiotensin (1–7) (Ang (1–7)). As an experimental model of volume overload, we chose the aortocaval fistula (ACF) model, where we focused on the compensatory phase of heart failure. Male, 8 weeks old rats, from the normotensive Hannover Spraque-Dawley (HSD), the hypertensive Ren-2 of transgenic rats (TGR), and transgenic rats expressing the Ang (1–7) producing a fusion protein (TGR(A1–7)3292), we operationally created the ACF. 5 weeks after operation, the animals were decapitated and cardiac tissue samples were taken. The ratio of cardiac weight to tibial length did not show differences between normotensive HSD and hypertensive subjects after ACF, but TGR(A1–7)3292 rats had significantly less hypertrophy compared to HSD and TGR after ACF. Hydroxyproline was increased in the TGR ACF group in both ventricles and in the right ventricle it was significantly reduced by Ang (1–7) compared to TGR ACF. In our selected proteins, the group of protein kinases C (PKC) α, δ, ε, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), SMAD2/3, connexin 43 (Cx43) and its phosphorylated form (pCx43) there were changes in protein levels, either due to hypertension after ACF, and in several cases the cardioprotective effect of Ang (1–7) was confirmed. PKCα and PKCδ showed a decrease in the TGR ACF group compared to HSD ACF and a decrease in the TGR(A1–7)3292 ACF group compared to HSD and TGR after ACF in both chambers. MMP-2 activity in the left and right ventricles had a reduced trend in the TGR and TGR(A1–7)3292 groups after ACF compared to HSD ACF. The same change occurred in MMP-2 protein expression in the right ventricle, in contrast to the left ventricle, where no change occurred. In the right ventricle, there was a decrease in SMAD2/3 protein expression in the TGR(A1–7)3292 group of ACFs compared to HSD and TGR after ACF. HSP70 protein expression was also reduced in both chambers in the (TGR(A1–7)3292) ACF group compared to HSD and TGR after ACF. Cx43 and pCx43 showed a very similar trend in both chambers, with an increase in the TGR ACF group versus HSD ACF, and the TGR(A1–7)3292 ACF versus HSD and TGR after ACF. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the right ventricle is more significantly affected by ACF and the endogenous production of Ang (1–7) alleviated the changes of the monitored proteins and the remodeling of the ECM caused by volume overload.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic VEGA 2/0158/19, 2/0002/20Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV 15-0119, APVV-19-0317
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sykora
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Kratky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - K Andelova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - N Tribulova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - B Szeiffova Bacova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Sykora M, Kratky V, Tribulova N, Kopkan L, Szeiffova Bacova B. Inhibition of RAS components attenuates progression of heart failure and its adverse consequences on myocardial remodeling in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale and purpose
Prevention or attenuation of heart failure (HF) is persistent task in clinic as well as challenge for progress in research. Both, intercellular connexin-43 (Cx43) channels and extracellular matrix (ECM) exert high impact on heart function. Thus, we aimed to explore whether HF due to volume overload (VO) induces alterations in myocardial Cx43, ECM proteins MMP2, SMAD2/3, TGFβ1 and PKC signaling as well as changes that may be revealed by enzyme histochemistry. Moreover, we tested the impact of treatment suppressing RAS on examined targeted proteins.
Methods
VO-HF was induced in male normotensive Hannover Sprague- Dawley (HSD) and mRen-2 transgenic hypertensive (TGR) rats by creating an aorto-caval fistula (ACF) and heart response was examined 20-weeks later. Sham-rats were compared with non-treated rats with ACF and those treated for 15-weeks with ACEI (trandolapril, 6mg/l, p.o.) or ARB (losartan (200mg/l, p.o.). Left ventricular heart (LV) tissue was analyzed using western blot, zymography and enzyme histochemistry.
Key results
Echocardiography confirmed an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in ejection fraction in both strains of rats. BW was higher in TGR vs HSD and it was not affected by VO. HW and LVW were higher in TGR vs HSD and VO increased both parameters regardless the strain while ACEI>ARB attenuated it. In parallel, myocardial pro-hypertrophic PKCd expression was higher in TGR vs HSD and increased in both strains due to VO while both drugs prevent it. Glycogen phosphorylase and capillary associated 5-nucleotidase, alkaline phospatase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities were reduced due to VO in HSD and TGR and it was attenuated by treatment. Cx43 expression and its functional phosphorylation status were lower in TGR vs HSD and suppressed in both strains due to VO but ACEI>ARB prevented it. Similar trend of changes was observed in PKCe expression, which phosphorylates Cx43. Profibrotic TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pathway was suppressed along with reduced MMP2 activity in TGR comparing to HSD. VO reduced SMAD2/3 in HSD and TGFβ1 in TGR as well as MMP2 expression in both strains, whereby treatment abolished these changes. VO decreased MMP2 (63kDa) activity only in TGR and ARB prevented it. VO did not affect collagen deposition in either strain vs sham rats.
Conclusions
Hypertrophic and hypofibrotic phenotypes are induced by volume overload in both rat strains. Together with deterioration of Cx43 mediated intercellular coupling it may contribute to heart dysfunction. Inhibition of RAS components attenuates progression of VO and its adverse consequences.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic VEGA 2/0158/19, 2/0002/20
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sykora
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Kratky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - N Tribulova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - B Szeiffova Bacova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kratky V, Vanourkova Z, Sykora M, Bacova BS, Hruskova Z, Kikerlova S, Huskova Z, Kopkan L. AT 1 receptor blocker, but not an ACE inhibitor, prevents kidneys from hypoperfusion during congestive heart failure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4271. [PMID: 33608612 PMCID: PMC7896062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure-induced renal dysfunction, we compared the effects of ACE inhibitor (ACEi) and AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) on systemic and kidney hemodynamics during heart failure in normotensive HanSD and hypertensive transgenic (TGR) rats. High-output heart failure was induced by creating an aorto-caval fistula (ACF). After five weeks, rats were either left untreated or treatment with ACEi or ARB was started for 15 weeks. Subsequently, echocardiographic, renal hemodynamic and biochemical measurements were assessed. Untreated ACF rats with ACF displayed significantly reduced renal blood flow (RBF) (HanSD: 8.9 ± 1.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.6; TGR: 10.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.9 ± 1.2 ml/min, both P < .001), ACEi had no major RBF effect, whereas ARB completely restored RBF (HanSD: 5.6 ± 1.1 vs. 9.0 ± 1.5; TGR: 7.0 ± 1.2 vs. 10.9 ± 1.9 ml/min, both P < .001). RBF reduction in untreated and ACEi-treated rats was accompanied by renal hypoxia as measured by renal lactate dehydrogenase activity, which was ameliorated with ARB treatment (HanSD: 40 ± 4 vs. 42 ± 3 vs. 29 ± 5; TGR: 88 ± 4 vs. 76 ± 4 vs. 58 ± 4 milliunits/mL, all P < .01). Unlike improvement seen in ARB-treated rats, ACE inhibition didn’t affect urinary nitrates compared to untreated ACF TGR rats (50 ± 14 vs. 22 ± 13 vs. 30 ± 13 μmol/mmol Cr, both P < .05). ARB was more effective than ACEi in reducing elevated renal oxidative stress following ACF placement. A marker of ACEi efficacy, the angiotensin I/angiotensin II ratio, was more than ten times lower in renal tissue than in plasma. Our study shows that ARB treatment, in contrast to ACEi administration, prevents renal hypoperfusion and hypoxia in ACF rats with concomitant improvement in NO bioavailability and oxidative stress reduction. The inability of ACE inhibition to improve renal hypoperfusion in ACF rats may result from incomplete intrarenal RAS suppression in the face of depleted compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kratky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Sykora
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Hruskova
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Kikerlova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Zicha J, Hojná S, Kopkan L, Červenka L, Vaněčková I. The absence of sympathoexcitation during the development of hypertension in Cyp1a1 Ren-2 transgenic rats. Physiol Res 2019; 68:329-334. [PMID: 31037948 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insertion of mouse renin gene (Ren-2) into the genome of normotensive rats causes a spontaneous rise of blood pressure (BP), leading to an angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent form of hypertension in transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats (TGR). However, enhanced sympathetic BP component was demonstrated in heterozygous TGR aged 20 weeks. In the present study we used another model, i.e. Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats (iTGR) in which hypertension can be induced by natural xenobiotic indole-3 carbinol (I3C) added to the diet. We investigated whether the development of high blood pressure (BP) in 5-month-old iTGR animals fed I3C diet for 10 days is solely due to enhanced Ang II-dependent vasoconstriction or whether enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction also participates in BP maintenance in this form of hypertension. Using acute sequential blockade of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and NO synthase (NOS) we have demonstrated that the observed gradual increase of BP in iTGR fed I3C diet was entirely due to the augmentation of Ang II-dependent BP component without significant changes of sympathetic BP component. Thus, the hypertension in iTGR resembles to that of homozygous TGR in which high BP was entirely dependent on Ang II-dependent vasoconstriction. Moreover, our measurements of acute BP response to Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil in animals subjected to a combined blockade of RAS, SNS and NOS indicated the attenuation of basal calcium sensitization in both iTGR and homozygous TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zicha
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Zicha J, Hojná S, Vaňourková Z, Kopkan L, Vaněčková I. Is renal ß-adrenergic-WNK4-NCC pathway important in salt hypertension of Dahl rats? Physiol Res 2019; 68:873-882. [PMID: 31647304 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011 Fujita and coworkers proposed that ß-adrenergic stimulation causes decreased serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4 transcription leading to the activation of Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) which participates in salt sensitivity and salt hypertension development in rodents. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the above hypothesis is also valid for salt hypertension of Dahl rats, which are characterized by high sympathetic tone and abnormal renal sodium handling. Male 8-week-old salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) and salt-resistant (SR/Jr) Dahl rats were fed either low-salt diet (LS, 0.4 % NaCl) or high-salt diet (HS, 4 % NaCl) for 6 weeks. Half of the animals on either diet were chronically treated with non-selective ß-blocker propranolol (100 mg/kg/day). At the end of the experiment diuresis and sodium excretion were measured prior and after hydrochlorothiazide injection (HCTZ, 10 mg/kg i.p.). Furthermore, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), sympathetic (pentolinium 5 mg/kg i.v.) and NO-dependent (L-NAME 30 mg/kg i.v.) BP components were determined. Chronic HS diet feeding increased BP through sympathoexcitation in SS/Jr but not in SR/Jr rats. Concomitant propranolol treatment did not lower BP in either experimental group. Under the conditions of low salt intake HCTZ increased diuresis, natriuresis and fractional sodium excretion in SR/Jr but not in SS/Jr rats. HS diet feeding attenuated renal response to HCT in SR/Jr rats, whereas no HCTZ effect was observed in SS/Jr rats fed HS diet. Propranolol treatment did not modify diuresis or natriuresis in any experimental group. In conclusions, our present data do not support the idea on the essential importance of renal ß-adrenergic-WNK4-NCC pathway in pathogenesis and/or maintenance of salt hypertension in Dahl rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Řezáčová L, Hojná S, Kopkan L, Rauchová H, Kadlecová M, Zicha J, Vaněčková I. Role of angiotensin II in chronic blood pressure control of heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats: Peripheral vasoconstriction versus central sympathoexcitation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108996. [PMID: 31132670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that chronic systemic blockade of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) lowered blood pressure (BP) of Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) by the attenuation of both angiotensin II-dependent and sympathetic vasoconstriction. Since systemic RAS blockade also inhibits brain RAS, we were interested which effects on these two types of vasoconstriction will have the central RAS blockade in hypertensive TGR rats. Adult male heterozygous TGR rats and their Hannover Sprague Dawley (HanSD) controls were subjected to chronic systemic or intracerebroventricular administration of either angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker losartan or direct renin inhibitor aliskiren for 4 weeks. Additional groups of TGR and HanSD rats were used for the evaluation of acute peripheral and brain effects of angiotensin II. Both chronic systemic and intracerebroventricular administrations of losartan or aliskiren normalized BP of TGR animals. BP effect of brain RAS blockade was based solely on the reduced sympathetic vasoconstriction, while systemic RAS blockade attenuated both angiotensin II-dependent and sympathetic vasoconstriction. Surprisingly, neither peripheral nor central pressor effects of acute angiotensin II administration were enhanced in TGR compared to HanSD rats. In conclusion, sympathoinhibition represents the main mechanism of BP reduction in heterozygous TGR rats subjected to chronic brain or systemic RAS blockade, while peripheral attenuation of angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction during systemic RAS blockade is less important. Our data suggest that the participation of angiotensin II in BP control of adult heterozygous TGR rats is shifted from peripheral vasoconstriction to central sympathoexcitation. Similar mechanisms cannot be excluded in human essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Řezáčová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Hojná
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kadlecová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Kratky V, Vanourkova Z, Kopkan L. Effects of Venous Congestion and Intrarenal Renin‐Angiotensin System Activation on Renal Hemodynamics in Rats with High‐Output Heart Failure. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.748.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kratky
- Center for Experimental MedicineInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Center for Experimental MedicineInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental MedicineInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
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12
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Vacková Š, Kopkan L, Kikerlová S, Husková Z, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Táborský M, Melenovský V, Červenka L. Pharmacological Blockade of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Attenuates the Progression of Congestive Heart Failure Combined With Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From Studies With Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30728778 PMCID: PMC6351500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in extremely poor patient survival rates. Previous studies have shown that increasing kidney epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation, improves the survival rate in CHF induced by aorto-caval fistula (ACF) and attenuates CKD progression. This prompted us to examine if sEH inhibitor treatment would improve the outcome if both experimental conditions are combined. Fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats, a genetic model showing early CKD development was employed, and CHF was induced by ACF. Treatment with an sEH inhibitor was initiated 4 weeks after ACF creation, in FHH and in fawn-hooded low-pressure (FHL) rats, a control strain without renal damage. The follow-up period was 20 weeks. We found that ACF FHH rats exhibited substantially lower survival rates (all the animals died by week 14) as compared with the 64% survival rate observed in ACF FHL rats. The former group showed pronounced albuminuria (almost 30-fold higher than in FHL) and reduced intrarenal EET concentrations. The sEH inhibitor treatment improved survival rate and distinctly reduced increases in albuminuria in ACF FHH and in ACF FHL rats, however, all the beneficial actions were more pronounced in the hypertensive strain. These data indicate that pharmacological blockade of sEH could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CHF, particularly under conditions when it is associated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Vacková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Miloš Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Táborský M, Richter D, Tonar Z, Kubíková T, Herman A, Peregrin J, Husková Z, Kopkan L. Evaluation of later morphologic alterations in renal artery wall and renal nerves in response to catheter-based renal denervation in sheep: comparison of the single-point and multiple-point ablation catheters. Physiol Res 2018; 67:891-901. [PMID: 30204473 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the subacute morphologic alterations in renal artery wall and renal nerves in response to catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) in sheep and also compared the efficiency of single-point and multiple-point ablation catheters. Effect of each ablation catheter approved for the clinical use (Symplicity Flex(TM), Medtronic, Inc., or EnligHTN(TM), St. Jude Medical, INC.) was compared to intact contralateral renal artery in 12 sheep by histopathology and immunohistochemistry evaluation after a 10-day period post-RDN procedure. The safety was verified by extensive evaluation of kidney morphology. Vascular wall lesions and nerve injuries were more pronounced in those animals treated with multi-point EnligHTN catheter when compared with animals treated with single-point Symplicity Flex catheter. However, neither RDN procedure led to complete renal nerve ablation. Both systems, tested in the present study, provided only incomplete renal nerve ablation in sheep. Moreover, no appreciable progression of the nerve disintegration in subacute phase post-RDN procedure was observed. This study further supports the notion that the effectiveness remains fully dependent on anatomical inter-individual variability of the sympathetic nerve plexus accompanying the renal artery. Therefore, new systems providing deeper penetrance to targeted perivascular structure would be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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14
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Kratky V, Kopkan L, Kikerlova S, Huskova Z, Taborsky M, Sadowski J, Kolar F, Cervenka L. The Role of Renal Vascular Reactivity in the Development of Renal Dysfunction in Compensated and Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:1730-1741. [DOI: 10.1159/000495391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Vaněčková I, Hojná S, Kadlecová M, Vernerová Z, Kopkan L, Červenka L, Zicha J. Renoprotective effects of ET(A) receptor antagonists therapy in experimental non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: Is there still hope for the future? Physiol Res 2018; 67:S55-S67. [PMID: 29947528 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a life-threatening disease arising as a frequent complication of diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Since it is typically undetected for long periods, it often progresses to end-stage renal disease. CKD is characterized by the development of progressive glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy along with a decreased glomerular filtration rate. This is associated with podocyte injury and a progressive rise in proteinuria. As endothelin-1 (ET-1) through the activation of endothelin receptor type A (ET(A)) promotes renal cell injury, inflammation, and fibrosis which finally lead to proteinuria, it is not surprising that ET(A) receptors antagonists have been proven to have beneficial renoprotective effects in both experimental and clinical studies in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD. Unfortunately, fluid retention encountered in large clinical trials in diabetic CKD led to the termination of these studies. Therefore, several advances, including the synthesis of new antagonists with enhanced pharmacological activity, the use of lower doses of ET antagonists, the addition of diuretics, plus simply searching for distinct pathological states to be treated, are promising targets for future experimental studies. In support of these approaches, our group demonstrated in adult subtotally nephrectomized Ren-2 transgenic rats that the addition of a diuretic on top of renin-angiotensin and ET(A) blockade led to a further decrease of proteinuria. This effect was independent of blood pressure which was normalized in all treated groups. Recent data in non-diabetic CKD, therefore, indicate a new potential for ET(A) antagonists, at least under certain pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Taborsky M, Cervenka L, Kopkan L, Tonar Z, Richter D, Mrazova I, Herman A. 1417Evaluation of later morphologic alterations in renal artery wall and nerves in response to catheter-based renal denervation in sheep: comparison of the single-point and multiple-point RDN catheters. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Taborsky
- Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 1st Dept of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L Cervenka
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Tonar
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic, Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - D Richter
- Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 1st Dept of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - I Mrazova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Herman
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Certikova Chabova V, Kujal P, Skaroupkova P, Vanourkova Z, Kopkan L, Huskova Z, Sedlakova L, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Hwang S, Hammock B, Imig J, Cervenka L. SP074SOLUBLE EPOXIDE HYDROLASE INHIBITION AUGMENTS RAS BLOCKADE RENOPROTECTION INSUBTOTALLY NEPHRECTOMIZED REN-2 TRANSGENIC HYPERTENSIVE RATS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy104.sp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Certikova Chabova
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Skaroupkova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sedlakova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sun Hwang
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Kratky V, Kopkan L, Sadowski J, Cervenka L. The role of renal vascular reactivity in the development of renal dysfunction during the phase of compensated and decompensated congestive heart failure. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.721.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kratky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
- Charles UniversitySecond Faculty of MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research CentrePolish Academy of ScienceWarsawPoland
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
- Charles UniversitySecond Faculty of MedicinePragueCzech Republic
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19
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Kopkan L, Hosková L, Melenovský V, Husková Z, Cervenka L. Abstract P421: The Effects of Dual Angiotensin Receptor and Neprilysin Inhibitor on Organoprotection in Experimental Model of Chronic Heart Failure. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac effects of dual angiotensin receptor and neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696) as a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of renin-angiotensin system was assessed in volume overload-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in hypertensive Ren2 transgenic rats (TGR) with aorto-caval fistula (ACF) and compared with valsartan (VAL). CHF model was induced by ACF in male TGR at 8 weeks of age. After 5 weeks of ACF induction, LCZ696 was administered in standard dosing at 68 mg/kg/day and VAL at 31 mg/kg/day for next 15 weeks to assess the effect on mortality. In second series, 12 weeks after ACF, the animals were anaesthetized and echocardiography was performed using a 7.5 MHz probe (Vivid 7, GE) to determine left ventricular internal dimensions (LVIDd), fractional shortening (FS) and stroke volume (SV). Animals were euthanized to determine heart weight and left ventricular mass (LVm). Untreated ACF group displayed 100 % mortality till 17 weeks after ACF induction. On the other hand, LCZ696-treated ACF TGR exhibited only 12 % mortality at the end of experiment. Valsartan also markedly reduce mortality in these animals to 21 %. In comparison to intact animals, ACF significantly increased LVIDd (10,2 ± 1,1 vs. 7,6 ± 0,4 mm). Only LCZ significantly lowered LVIDd in ACF TGR (8,2 ± 0,7 mm). We also observed significantly altered ventricular function in ACF group compared to intact TGR: FS 37 ± 5 vs. 53 ± 4 % and SV 763 ± 124 vs. 395 ± 36 ml/beat. There was a significant improvement of the left ventricular function in both treated groups, where FS was increased in ACF LCZ (52 ± 4 %) or in ACF VAL (47 ± 3 %) and SV significantly decreased in LCZ (509 ± 62 ml/beat) and ACF VAL (591 ± 78 ml/beat). Compared to untreated ACF group, the LVm was significantly reduced in ACF LCZ (1958 ± 97 vs. 1697 ± 69 mg). We did not observe any adverse effect during the treatments with VAL or LCZ confirming the safety of these drugs in this model. LCZ696 treatment resulted in significant reverse left ventricular remodeling. However, we did not observe any additional effects of treatment on cardiac function with LCZ696 compared to VAL in short term follow-up. Prolonged treatment period is advised to verify possible cardioprotective benefits of LCZ696 in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kopkan
- Institute for Clinical and Exp Med, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hosková
- Institute for Clinical and Exp Med, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zuzana Husková
- Institute for Clinical and Exp Med, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Institute for Clinical and Exp Med, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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20
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Certikova-Chabova V, Kujal P, Skaroupkova P, Vanourkova Z, Kopkan L, Huskova Z, Sedlakova L, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Hwang SH, Hammock B, Imig J, Cervenka L. Abstract P430: Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition Augments Ras Blockade Renoprotection in 5/6 Nephrectomized Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats With Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale and Objective:
We showed recently that increasing kidney tissue epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and thereby blocking EETs degradation to inactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETEs) substantially attenuated the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR) subjected to 5/6 renal mass reduction (5/6 NX). In this study we examined if in this model addition of sEH inhibition to the complex (dual) renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade would bring additional renoprotective effects in already established CKD.
Methods:
TGR aged 9 weeks underwent 5/6 NX and then were left untreated for 6 weeks to develop CKD. Then dual RAS blockade : ACE inhibition (trandolapril) + angiotensin AT
1
receptor blockade (losartan) was instituted, alone or combined with sEH inhibition (c-AUCB, 3 mg/l in drinking water). During the 60 weeks’ follow-up period albuminuria and urinary creatinine excretion was repeatedly determined. The following experimental groups were investigated: ; 1) sham-operated TGR; 2) Untreated 5/6 NX TGR; 3) 5/6 NX TGR + RAS blockade ; 4) 5/6 NX TGR + RAS + sEH blockade. Sham-operated transgene-negative normotensive Hannover-Sprague Dawley (HanSD) rats served as basic controls. In separate groups renal glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury was assessed, and effects of two weeks’ treatments on systolic blood pressure (SBP, measured by telemetry) and on kidney ANG II, ANG 1-7, EETs and DHETEs levels were determined.
Results:
All untreated TGR died by week 14 after 5/6 NX. RAS blockade increased the final survival rate to 23%, normalized SBP (116 ± 3 vs. 198 ± 3 mmHg, p<0.0015), reduced albuminuria (46 ± 5 vs. 102 ± 12 mg/24 h, p<0.001) and intrarenal ANG II (27 ± 8 vs. 189 ± 14 fmol/g p<0.0015) and did not alter kidney EETs/DHETEs ratio. After addition of sEH blockade kidney EETs/DHETEs ratio increased to 2.89 ± 0.42 (p<0.001 vs. 5/6 NX TGR treated with RAS blockade), the final survival rate increased to 42% and indices of renal glomerular and tubulointerstial injury improved.
Conclusion:
Addition of sEH blockade to the RAS blockade brings additional renoprotective effects on the CKD progression in 5/6 NX TGR, even when applied in the advanced phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Certikova-Chabova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Skaroupkova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sedlakova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Dept of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Med Rsch Cntr, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sung H Hwang
- Dept of Entomology and UCD Cancer Cntr, Univ of California, California, CA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Dept of Entomology and UCD Cancer Cntr, Univ of California, California, CA
| | - John Imig
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Med College of Wisconsin, Prague, WI
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Sedlakova L, Kopkan L, Huskova Z, Kikerlova S, Certikova-Chabova V, Falck J, Sadowski J, Cervenka L. Abstract P426: Suppression of Intrarenal Ras With a 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Antagonist Attenuates Ang II-dependent Malignant Hypertension and Reverses Established Ang-II-dependent Hypertension in Cyp1a1-ren-2 Transgenic Rats. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale and Objective:
Interplay of 20-HETE and ANG II might be a factor in pathophysiology of many forms of experimental hypertension. We hypothesized that intrarenal 20-HETE potentiates prohypertensive actions of ANG II in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model of ANG II-dependent malignant hypertension. Therefore, we evaluated the antihypertensive effectiveness of a new, orally active 20-HETE antagonist (SOLA) in this model.
Methods:
Treatment with SOLA (10 mg.kg
-1
.day
-
1
in drinking water) was started either simultaneously with induction of hypertension (early treatment) by indol-3-carbinol or 10 days later, during established hypertension (late treatment). Systolic blood pressure (SBP, measured by radiotelemetry) was monitored continuously and indices of renal and cardiac injury, and kidney 20-HETE and ANG II levels were determined at the end of experiments.
Results:
In TGR with induced hypertension, early SOLA treatment reduced SBP elevation (to 161±3 vs. 199±3 mmHg in induced TGR, p<0.001), reduced albuminuria (16±2 vs. 35±3 mg/24 h, p<0.002), glomerulosclerosis index (0.12±0.01 vs. 0.32±0.02, p<0.001) and cardiac hypertrophy (left ventricle weight (mg)/tibial length ratio: 16.9±0.4 vs 20.6±0.5, p<0.02). TGR with induced hypertension exhibited elevated intrarenal 20-HETE levels (15.2±0.03 vs. 9.2±0.02 μg/g in noninduced rats, p<0.01); however, the elevation was not altered by SOLA treatment. Hypertensive TGR showed also augmented kidney ANG II levels (405±30 vs. 51±2 fmol/g in noninduced rats, p<0.001). SOLA treatment significantly lowered kidney ANG II (95±19). Remarkably, in TGR with established hypertension, late SOLA treatment also decreased SBP (from 187±4 to 158±4 mmHg, p<0.002) and exhibited cardio- and renoprotective effects in addition to a marked suppression of kidney ANG II levels (72±12 fmol/g).
Conclusion:
In hypertensive TGR the new orally active 20-HETE antagonist attenuated the development and largely reversed the established ANG II-dependent experimental malignant hypertension, likely via suppression of intrarenal ANG II levels. This suggests that intrarenal RAS activation by 20-HETE is important in pathophysiology of this hypertension form
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sedlakova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Kikerlova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Certikova-Chabova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John Falck
- Dept od Biochemistry, Univ of Texas Southwestern Med Cntr, Dallas, TX
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Dept of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Med Rsch Cntr, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kala P, Sedlakova L, Vanourkova Z, Kopkan L, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Hwang SH, Hammock B, Cervenka L. Abstract P425: Ras Blockade Alone or Combined With Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase: Effects on the Course of Congestive Heart Failure in Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats With Aorto-caval Fistula. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale and Objective:
We recently showed that increasing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in kidney by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation, markedly attenuated the development of renal dysfunction and progression of aorto-caval (ACF)-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR). Therefore, in this study we examined if additional inhibition of sEH to RAS blockade could further improve the course of ACF-induced CHF in TGR.
Methods:
The treatment regimens were started from one week after creation of ACF and the follow-up period was 60 weeks. RAS blockade was achieved by administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi, trandolapril, 3 mg/L in drinking water) and sEH was blocked using a sEH inhibitor (sEHi,
c
-AUCB, 3 mg/L in drinking water). The following experimental groups were investigated: 1) Sham-operated TGR; 2) Untreated ACF TGR; 3) ACF TGR + ACEi; 4) ACF TGR + ACEi + sEHi (n = 36 in each ACF group). In separate groups renal hemodynamics and excretory function were evaluated two weeks post-ACF, just before the onset the decompensated phase of CHF.
Results:
After 29 weeks post-ACF, no animal survived. ACEi treatment greatly improved the survival rate (87%) at the end of study. Surprisingly, combined treatment with ACEi and sEHi worsened the rate (53%,
p
< 0.05). After 2 weeks post-ACF, untreated TGR group showed lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) (124 ± 3 vs. 146 ± 4 mmHg,
p
< 0.05), renal blood flow (7.6 ± 0.3 vs. 10.5 ± 0.3 mL.min
-1
.g
-1
,
p
< 0.05) and absolute sodium excretion (0.18 ± 0.06 vs. 1.09 ± 0.19 μmol.min
-1
.g
-1
, p<0.05) than sham-operated TGR group, respectively. The treatment with ACEi alone or combination treatment with sEHi did not prevent the changes in renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion.
Conclusion:
We found that addition of sEHi to ACEi treatment did not provide better protection against CHF progression and the survival rate, indeed, decreased significantly. Thus, increasing bioavailability of tissue EETs in individuals with pharmacologically-induced suppression of the RAS is not a promising approach to further attenuate renal dysfunction and progression of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kala
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sedlakova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Dept of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Med Rsch Cntr, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sung H Hwang
- Dept of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Cntr, Univ of California, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Dept of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Cntr, Univ of California, Davis, CA
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Cntr for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Taborsky M, Richter D, Tonar Z, Kubikova L, Herman A, Peregrin J, Cervenkova L, Huskova Z, Kopkan L. 4119Early morphologic alterations in renal artery wall and renal nerves in response to catheter-based renal denervation procedure in sheep: difference between single-point and multiple-point ablation. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Táborský M, Richter D, Tonar Z, Kubíková T, Herman A, Peregrin J, Červenková L, Husková Z, Kopkan L. Early morphologic alterations in renal artery wall and renal nerves in response to catheter-based renal denervation procedure in sheep: difference between single-point and multiple-point ablation catheters. Physiol Res 2017; 66:601-614. [PMID: 28406699 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal sympathetic hyperactivity is critically involved in hypertension pathophysiology; renal denervation (RDN) presents a novel strategy for treatment of resistant hypertension cases. This study assessed effects of two RDN systems to detect acute intravascular, vascular and peri-vascular changes in the renal artery, and renal nerve alterations, in the sheep. The procedures using a single-point or multi-point ablation catheters, Symplicity Flex(TM), Medtronic versus EnligHTN(TM), St. Jude Medical were compared; the intact contralateral kidneys served as controls. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments were performed 48 h after RDN procedures; the kidney and suprarenal gland morphology was also evaluated. Special staining methods were applied for histologic analysis, to adequately score the injury of renal artery and adjacent renal nerves. These were more pronounced in the animals treated with the multi-point compared with the single-point catheter. However, neither RDN procedure led to complete renal nerve ablation. Forty-eight hours after the procedure no significant changes in plasma and renal tissue catecholamines were detected. The morphologic changes elicited by application of both RDN systems appeared to be dependent on individual anatomical variability of renal nerves in the sheep. Similar variability in humans may limit the therapeutic effectiveness of RDN procedures used in patients with resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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25
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Sedláková L, Čertíková Chábová V, Doleželová Š, Škaroupková P, Kopkan L, Husková Z, Červenková L, Kikerlová S, Vaněčková I, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Kujal P, Kramer HJ, Červenka L. Renin–angiotensin system blockade alone or combined with ETA receptor blockade: effects on the course of chronic kidney disease in 5/6 nephrectomized Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:183-195. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1235184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sedláková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Čertíková Chábová
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Doleželová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Herbert J. Kramer
- Section of Nephrology, Medical Policlinic, Department of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Hošková L, Málek I, Kopkan L, Kautzner J. Pathophysiological mechanisms of calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity and arterial hypertension. Physiol Res 2016; 66:167-180. [PMID: 27982677 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is an established treatment modality in patients with end-stage organ damage in cases where other therapeutic options fail. The long-term outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients have improved considerably since the introduction of the first calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) - cyclosporine. In 1984, the potent immunosuppressive properties of another CNI, tacrolimus, were discovered. The immunosuppressive effects of CNIs result from the inhibition of interleukin-2 synthesis and reduced proliferation of T cells due to calcineurin blockade. The considerable side effects that are associated with CNIs therapy include arterial hypertension and nephrotoxicity. The focus of this article was to review the available literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms of CNIs that induce chronic nephrotoxicity and arterial hypertension. CNIs lead to activation of the major vasoconstriction systems, such as the renin-angiotensin and endothelin systems, and increase sympathetic nerve activity. On the other hand, CNIs are known to inhibit NO synthesis and NO-mediated vasodilation and to increase free radical formation. Altogether, these processes cause endothelial dysfunction and contribute to the impairment of organ function. A better insight into the mechanisms underlying CNI nephrotoxicity could assist in developing more targeted therapies of arterial hypertension or preventing CNI nephrotoxicity in organ transplant recipients, including heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hošková
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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27
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Jíchová Š, Doleželová Š, Kopkan L, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Červenka L. Fenofibrate Attenuates Malignant Hypertension by Suppression of the Renin-angiotensin System: A Study in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 Transgenic Rats. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:618-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Doleželová Š, Jíchová Š, Husková Z, Vojtíšková A, Kujal P, Hošková L, Kautzner J, Sadowski J, Červenka L, Kopkan L. Progression of hypertension and kidney disease in aging fawn-hooded rats is mediated by enhanced influence of renin-angiotensin system and suppression of nitric oxide system and epoxyeicosanoids. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:644-651. [PMID: 27669111 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1182182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rat serves as a genetic model of spontaneous hypertension associated with glomerular hyperfiltration and proteinuria. However, the knowledge of the natural course of hypertension and kidney disease in FHH rats remains fragmentary and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. In this study, over the animals' lifetime, we followed the survival rate, blood pressure (telemetry), indices of kidney damage, the activity of renin-angiotensin (RAS) and nitric oxide (NO) systems, and CYP450-epoxygenase products (EETs). Compared to normotensive controls, no elevation of plasma and renal RAS was observed in prehypertensive and hypertensive FHH rats; however, RAS inhibition significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (137 ± 9 to 116 ± 8, and 159 ± 8 to 126 ± 4 mmHg, respectively) and proteinuria (62 ± 2 to 37 ± 3, and 132 ± 8 to 87 ± 5 mg/day, respectively). Moreover, pharmacological RAS inhibition reduced angiotensin (ANG) II and increased ANG 1-7 in the kidney and thereby may have delayed the progression of kidney disease. Furthermore, renal NO and EETs declined in the aging FHH rats but not in the control strain. The present results, especially the demonstration of exaggerated vascular responsiveness to ANG II, indicate that RAS may contribute to the development of hypertension and kidney disease in FHH rats. The activity of factors opposing the development of hypertension and protecting the kidney declined with age in this model. Therefore, therapeutic enhancement of this activity besides RAS inhibition could be attempted in the therapy of human hypertension associated with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Doleželová
- a Center for Experimental Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic.,b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Jíchová
- a Center for Experimental Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- a Center for Experimental Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Vojtíšková
- a Center for Experimental Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- a Center for Experimental Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hošková
- c Department of Cardiology , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- c Department of Cardiology , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- d Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology , Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Luděk Červenka
- a Center for Experimental Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic.,e Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- a Center for Experimental Medicine , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
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29
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Husková Z, Kopkan L, Červenková L, Doleželová Š, Vaňourková Z, Škaroupková P, Nishiyama A, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Kramer HJ, Červenka L. Intrarenal alterations of the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2/angiotensin 1-7 complex of the renin-angiotensin system do not alter the course of malignant hypertension in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:438-49. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Husková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Doleželová
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Vaňourková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology; Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Science; Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology; Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Science; Warsaw Poland
| | - Herbert J. Kramer
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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30
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Sporková A, Reddy RN, Falck JR, Imig JD, Kopkan L, Sadowski J, Červenka L. Interlobular Arteries From 2-Kidney, 1-Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Rats' Exhibit-Impaired Vasodilator Response to Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids. Am J Med Sci 2016; 351:513-9. [PMID: 27140711 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small renal arteries have a significant role in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and blood pressure (BP). To study potential changes in the regulation of vascular function in hypertension, we examined renal vasodilatory responses of small arteries from nonclipped kidneys of the 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats to native epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) that are believed to be involved in the regulation of renal vascular function and BP. A total of 2 newly synthesized EET analogues were also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal interlobular arteries isolated from the nonclipped kidneys on day 28 after clipping were preconstricted with phenylephrine, pressurized and the effects of a 14,15-EET analogue, native 14,15-EET and 11,12-ether-EET-8ZE, an analogue of 11,12-EET, on the vascular diameter were determined and compared to the responses of arteries from the kidneys of sham-operated rats. RESULTS In the arteries from nonclipped kidneys isolated in the maintenance phase of Goldblatt hypertension, the maximal vasodilatory response to 14,15-EET analogue was 30.1 ± 2.8% versus 49.8 ± 7.2% in sham-operated rats; the respective values for 11,12-ther-EET-8ZE were 31.4 ± 6.4% versus 80.4 ± 6%, and for native EETs they were 41.7 ± 6.6% versus 62.8 ± 4.4% (P ≤ 0.05 for each difference). CONCLUSIONS We propose that reduced vasodilatory action and decreased intrarenal bioavailability of EETs combined with intrarenal angiotensin II levels that are inappropriately high for hypertensive rats underlie functional derangements of the nonclipped kidneys of 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. These derangements could play an important role in pathophysiology of sustained BP elevation observed in this animal model of human renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sporková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Rami N Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Alánová P, Husková Z, Kopkan L, Sporková A, Jíchová Š, Neckář J, Imig JD, Klevstig M, Kolář F, Rami Reddy N, Falck JR, Sadowski J, Nishiyama A, Kramer HJ, Melenovský V, Červenková L, Kujal P, Vernerová Z, Červenka L. Orally active epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog does not exhibit antihypertensive and reno- or cardioprotective actions in two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:45-56. [PMID: 26304700 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a novel orally active 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog (EET-A) on blood pressure (BP) and myocardial infarct size (IS) in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertensive rats during sustained phase of hypertension. Between days 31 and 35 after clip placement the rats were treated with EET-A and BP was monitored by radiotelemetry; sham-operated normotensive rats were used as controls. Tissue concentrations of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids served as a marker of production of epoxygenase metabolites. The rats were subjected to acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and IS was determined. We found that EET-A treatment did not lower BP in 2K1C rats and did not alter availability of biologically active epoxygenase metabolites in 2K1C or in sham-operated rats. The myocardial IS was significantly smaller in untreated 2K1C rats as compared with normotensive controls and EET-A reduced it in controls but not in 2K1C rats. Our findings suggest that during the phase of sustained hypertension 2K1C Goldblatt hypertensive rats exhibit increased cardiac tolerance to I/R injury as compared with normotensive controls, and that in this animal model of human renovascular hypertension short-term treatment with EET-A does not induce any antihypertensive and cardioprotective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Alánová
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandra Sporková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Šárka Jíchová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Neckář
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
| | - Martina Klevstig
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - František Kolář
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - N Rami Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
| | - Herbert J Kramer
- Section of Nephrology, Medical Polyclinic, Department of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Vernerová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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32
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Sporková A, Jíchová S, Husková Z, Kopkan L, Nishiyama A, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Kramer HJ, Cervenka L. Different mechanisms of acute versus long-term antihypertensive effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition: studies in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:1003-13. [PMID: 25224811 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the long-term antihypertensive action of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition (sEH) in angiotensin-II (AngII)-dependent hypertension might be mediated by the suppression of intrarenal AngII levels. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of acute (2 days) and chronic (14 days) sEH inhibition on blood pressure (BP) in transgenic rats with inducible AngII-dependent hypertension. AngII-dependent malignant hypertension was induced by 10 days' dietary administration of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural xenobiotic that activates the mouse renin gene in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. BP was monitored by radiotelemetry. Acute and chronic sEH inhibition was achieved using cis-4-(4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohexyloxy) benzoic acid, given at doses of 0.3, 3, 13, 26, 60 and 130 mg/L in drinking water. At the end of experiments, renal concentrations of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, their inactive metabolites dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids and AngII were measured. Acute BP-lowering effects of sEH inhibition in I3C-induced rats was associated with a marked increase in renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids ratio and acute natriuresis. Chronic treatment with cis-4-(4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohexyloxy) benzoic acid in I3C-induced rats elicited dose-dependent persistent BP lowering associated with a significant reduction of plasma and kidney AngII levels. Our findings show that the acute BP-lowering effect of sEH inhibition in I3C-induced Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats is mediated by a substantial increase in intrarenal epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and their natriuretic action without altering intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity. Long-term antihypertensive action of cis-4-(4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohexyloxy) benzoic acid in I3C-induced Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats is mediated mostly by suppression of intrarenal AngII concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sporková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kopkan L, Husková Z, Jíchová Š, Červenková L, Červenka L, Saifudeen Z, El-Dahr SS. Conditional knockout of collecting duct bradykinin B2 receptors exacerbates angiotensin II-induced hypertension during high salt intake. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 38:1-9. [PMID: 26151827 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1047945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We elucidated the role of collecting duct kinin B2 receptor (B2R) in the development of salt-sensitivity and angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. To this end, we used a Cre-Lox recombination strategy to generate mice lacking Bdkrb2 gene for B2R in the collecting duct (Hoxb7-Cre(tg/+):Bdkrb2(flox/flox)). In 3 groups of control (Bdkrb2(flox/flox)) and 3 groups of UB(Bdkrb2-/-) mice, systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses to high salt intake (4 or 8% NaCl; HS) were monitored by radiotelemetry in comparison with standard salt diet (0.4% NaCl) prior to and during subcutaneous ANG II infusion (1000 ng/min/kg) via osmotic minipumps. High salt intakes alone for 2 weeks did not alter SBP in either strain. ANG II significantly increased SBP equally in control (121 ± 2 to 156 ± 3 mmHg) and UB(Bdkrb2-/-) mice (120 ± 2 to 153 ± 2 mmHg). The development of ANG II-induced hypertension was exacerbated by 4%HS in both control (125 ± 3 to 164 ± 5 mmHg) and UB(Bdkrb2-/-) mice (124 ± 2 to 162 ± 3 mmHg) during 2 weeks. Interestingly, 8%HS caused a more profound and earlier ANG II-induced hypertension in UB(Bdkrb2-/-) (129 ± 2 to 166 ± 3 mmHg) as compared to control (128 ± 2 to 158 ± 2 mmHg) and it was accompanied by body weight loss and increased mortality. In conclusion, targeted inactivation of B2R in the renal collecting duct does not cause salt-sensitivity; however, collecting duct B2R attenuates the hypertensive actions of ANG II under conditions of very high salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kopkan
- a Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- a Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Jíchová
- a Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- a Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Červenka
- a Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic .,b Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic , and
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- c Department of Pediatrics , Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- c Department of Pediatrics , Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , LA , USA
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Chytilová A, Borchert GH, Mandíková-Alánová P, Hlaváčková M, Kopkan L, Khan MAH, Imig JD, Kolář F, Neckář J. Tumour necrosis factor-α contributes to improved cardiac ischaemic tolerance in rats adapted to chronic continuous hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:97-108. [PMID: 25760892 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM It has been demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) via its receptor 2 (TNFR2) plays a role in the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning. It is also well known that chronic hypoxia is associated with activation of inflammatory response. With this background, we hypothesized that TNF-α signalling may contribute to the improved ischaemic tolerance of chronically hypoxic hearts. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were kept either at room air (normoxic controls) or at continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; inspired O2 fraction 0.1) for 3 weeks; subgroups of animals were treated with infliximab (monoclonal antibody against TNF-α; 5 mg kg(-1), i.p., once a week). Myocardial levels of oxidative stress markers and the expression of selected signalling molecules were analysed. Infarct size (tetrazolium staining) was assessed in open-chest rats subjected to acute coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion. RESULTS CNH increased myocardial TNF-α level and expression of TNFR2; this response was abolished by infliximab treatment. CNH reduced myocardial infarct size from 50.8 ± 4.3% of the area at risk in normoxic animals to 35.5 ± 2.4%. Infliximab abolished the protective effect of CNH (44.9 ± 2.0%). CNH increased the levels of oxidative stress markers (3-nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde), the expression of nuclear factor κB and manganese superoxide dismutase, while these effects were absent in infliximab-treated animals. CNH-elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 were not affected by infliximab. CONCLUSION TNF-α plays a role in the induction of ischaemia-resistant cardiac phenotype of CNH rats, possibly via the activation of protective redox signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chytilová
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - G. H. Borchert
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Mandíková-Alánová
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Hlaváčková
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - L. Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Md. A. Hye Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - J. D. Imig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - F. Kolář
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - J. Neckář
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
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Sedlakova L, Kopkan L, Cervenka L. Effects of Combined Endothelin A Receptor and Renin‐Angiotensin System Blockade on The Regression of Chronic Kidney Disease in 5/6 Nephrectomized Ren‐2 Transgenic Rats. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.960.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sedlakova
- Department of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Department of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Department of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
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Kopkan L, Huskova Z, Jichova S, Cervenka L, Saifudeen Z, El‐Dahr S. The Development of Angiotensin II ‐ induced Hypertension During Various Salt Intakes in Cre/lox Conditional Knockout Mice for Bradykinin Receptors in The Collecting Duct. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.960.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kopkan
- Center of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Center of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
| | - Sarka Jichova
- Center of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Center of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUnited States
| | - Samir El‐Dahr
- Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUnited States
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Dolezelova S, Kopkan L, Cervenka L. The Role of Nitric Oxide System in The Regulation of Renal Function During Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Period in Fawn‐Hooded Rat. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.808.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Dolezelova
- Department of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of Science Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Department of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- Department of Experimental Medicine Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic
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Hošková L, Málek I, Kautzner J, Honsová E, van Dokkum RPE, Husková Z, Vojtíšková A, Varcabová Š, Červenka L, Kopkan L. Tacrolimus-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity in Fawn-Hooded rats are attenuated by dual inhibition of renin–angiotensin system. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:724-32. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kopkan L, Husková Z, Sporková A, Varcabová Š, Honetschlägerová Z, Hwang SH, Tsai HJ, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Kramer HJ, Bürgelová M, Vojtíšková A, Kujal P, Vernerová Z, Červenka L. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition exhibits antihypertensive actions independently of nitric oxide in mice with renovascular hypertension. Kidney Blood Press Res 2012; 35:595-607. [PMID: 22948718 PMCID: PMC3604982 DOI: 10.1159/000339883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to examine whether the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertension are nitric oxide (NO) dependent. METHODS Mice lacking the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene (eNOS-/-) and their wild-type controls (eNOS+/+) underwent clipping of one renal artery. BP was monitored by radiotelemetry and the treatment with the sEH inhibitor cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohex-yloxy]-benzoic acid (c-AUCB) was initiated on day 25 after clipping and lasted for 14 days. Renal concentrations of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their inactive metabolite dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) were measured in the nonclipped kidney. Renal NO synthase (NOS) activity was determined by measuring the rate of formation of L-[(14)C]citruline from L-[(14)C]arginine. RESULTS Treatment with the sEH inhibitor elicited similar BP decreases that were associated with increases in daily sodium excretion in 2K1C eNOS+/+ as well as 2K1C eNOS-/- mice. In addition, treatment with the sEH inhibitor increased the ratio of EETs/DHETs in the nonclipped kidney of 2K1C eNOS+/+ as well as 2K1C eNOS-/- mice. Treatment with the sEH inhibitor did not alter renal NOS activity in any of the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our present data suggest that the BP-lowering effects of chronic sEH inhibition in 2K1C mice are mainly associated with normalization of the reduced availability of biologically active EETs in the nonclipped kidney and their direct natriuretic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Sporková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Varcabová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Honetschlägerová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8584, USA
| | - Hsing-Ju Tsai
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8584, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8584, USA
| | - John D. Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Herbert J. Kramer
- Section of Nephrology, Medical Policlinic, Department of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcela Bürgelová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Vojtíšková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, 3 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Vernerová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, 3 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hoskova L, Kopkan L, Honsova E, Malek I, Pirk J, Cervenka L. 625 Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) Prevents Tacrolimus-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Melenovsky V, Skaroupkova P, Benes J, Torresova V, Kopkan L, Cervenka L. The course of heart failure development and mortality in rats with volume overload due to aorto-caval fistula. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011; 35:167-73. [PMID: 22116309 DOI: 10.1159/000331562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only few studies documenting the long-term outcome of aorto-caval fistula (ACF) in rats, a model of volume overload heart failure (HF). The aim of the present study was to describe HF-related morbidity and mortality, and to examine the relation between cardiac hypertrophy and survival. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats underwent needle ACF or sham operation and 71 animals surviving the acute procedure with patent ACF were followed for 52 weeks. RESULTS By the end of the study, 72% of the ACF animals deceased and 82% developed HF signs. Of the HF rats, 65% died (median: 3 weeks after HF onset). Before death, body weight increased by 9% followed by a final drop. 28% ACF rats died suddenly, without preceding HF. Sudden death occurred earlier and in the rats with a trend to larger hearts (p = 0.07). In the whole ACF cohort, heart weight (heart weight/body weight ratio) was inversely associated with the length of survival (r = -0.51, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The median survival of ACF Wistar rats is 43 weeks, longer than reported in other rat strains. Increased heart weight is associated with higher mortality and a significant number of animals die suddenly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dzirbíková Z, Kiss A, Okuliarová M, Kopkan L, Cervenka L. Expressions of per1 clock gene and genes of signaling peptides vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and oxytocin in the suprachiasmatic and paraventricular nuclei of hypertensive TGR[mREN2]27 rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:225-32. [PMID: 21061153 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive rats with multiple extra copies of the renin gene (TGR) exert an inverted circadian blood pressure (BP) profile. We investigated whether circadian oscillations in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a main circadian oscillator, and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), involved in BP control, are influenced in TGR rats. The expression of the clock gene per1, a marker of circadian timing, was measured in the SCN and PVN. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding vasopressin (AVP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the SCN, and AVP and oxytocin (OXT) in the PVN were studied by in situ hybridization. Expression of the per1 gene showed a distinct circadian rhythm in both the SCN and PVN with no differences observed between the TGR and control Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. The expression of avp in the SCN was rhythmic in both strains and moderately higher in TGR than in SD rats while no significant changes were found in the PVN. The expression of vip in the SCN and oxt in the PVN did not differ between both strains. Our results may indicate that changes occurring downstream to the SCN are responsible for the development of the inverted BP rhythm in TGR hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Dzirbíková
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Sporková A, Kopkan L, Varcabová S, Husková Z, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Kramer HJ, Cervenka L. Role of cytochrome P-450 metabolites in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure in 2-kidney 1-clip hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R1468-75. [PMID: 21411763 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00215.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in renal function contribute to Goldblatt two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertension. A previous study indicated that bioavailability of cytochrome P-450 metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) is decreased while that of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETE) is increased in this model. We utilized the inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (c-AUCB) and HET-0016, the inhibitor of 20-HETE production, to study the role of EETs and 20-HETE in the regulation of renal function. Chronic c-AUCB treatment significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (133 ± 1 vs. 163 ± 3 mmHg) and increased sodium excretion (1.23 ± 0.10 vs. 0.59 ± 0.03 mmol/day) in 2K1C rats. HET-0016 did not affect SBP and sodium excretion. In acute experiments, renal blood flow (RBF) was decreased in 2K1C rats (5.0 ± 0.2 vs. 6.9 ± 0.2 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). c-AUCB normalized RBF in 2K1C rats (6.5 ± 0.6 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). HET-0016 also increased RBF in 2K1C rats (5.8 ± 0.2 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). Although RBF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained stable in normotensive rats during renal arterial pressure (RAP) reductions, both were significantly reduced at 100 mmHg RAP in 2K1C rats. c-AUCB did not improve autoregulation but increased RBF at all RAPs and shifted the pressure-natriuresis curve to the left. HET-0016-treated 2K1C rats exhibited impaired autoregulation of RBF and GFR. Our data indicate that c-AUCB displays antihypertensive properties in 2K1C hypertension that are mediated by an improvement of RBF and pressure natriuresis. While HET-0016 enhanced RBF, its anti-natriuretic effect likely prevented it from producing a blood pressure-lowering effect in the 2K1C model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sporková
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Honetschlägerová Z, Husková Z, Vaňourková Z, Sporková A, Kramer HJ, Hwang SH, Tsai HJ, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Červenka L, Kopkan L. Renal mechanisms contributing to the antihypertensive action of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition in Ren-2 transgenic rats with inducible hypertension. J Physiol 2011; 589:207-19. [PMID: 21078594 PMCID: PMC3039270 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.199505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition on the development of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and on renal function in transgenic rats with inducible expression of the mouse renin gene (strain name Cyp1a1-Ren-2). Hypertension was induced in these rats by indole-3-carbinol (I3C; 0.3% in the diet) for 12 days. The sEH inhibitor cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (c-AUCB) was given in two doses (13 or 26 mg l-1) in drinking water. Blood pressure (BP), body weight (BW) and renal excretory parameters were monitored in conscious animals during the experiment. Renal haemodynamics was assessed at the end of treatment in anaesthetized rats. I3C administration resulted in severe hypertension with a rise in systolic BP from 118 ± 2 to 202 ± 3 mmHg, a loss of BW from 266 ± 5 to 228 ± 4 g and a rise in proteinuria from 14 ± 2 to 34 ± 3 mg day-1. Both doses of c-AUCB significantly attenuated the development of hypertension (systolic BP of 181 ± 4 and 176 ± 4 mmHg, respectively), the loss in BW (256 ± 4 and 259 ± 3 g, respectively) and the degree of proteinuria (27 ± 2 and 25 ± 3 mg day-1, respectively) to a similar extent. Moreover, c-AUCB prevented the reduction in renal plasma flow (5.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.6 ± 0.3 ml min-1 g-1) and significantly increased sodium excretion (0.84 ± 0.16 vs. 0.38 ± 0.08 μmol min-1 g-1) during I3C administration. These data suggest that the oral administration of c-AUCB displays antihypertensive effects in Ren-2 transgenic rats with inducible malignant hypertension via an improvement of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Honetschlägerová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kujal P, Chábová VČ, Vernerová Z, Walkowska A, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Vaňourková Z, Husková Z, Opočenský M, Škaroupková P, Schejbalová S, Kramer HJ, Rakušan D, Malý J, Netuka I, Vaněčková I, Kopkan L, Červenka L. Similar renoprotection after renin-angiotensin-dependent and -independent antihypertensive therapy in 5/6-nephrectomized Ren-2 transgenic rats: are there blood pressure-independent effects? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:1159-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kopkan L, Hess A, Husková Z, Cervenka L, Navar LG, Majid DSA. High-salt intake enhances superoxide activity in eNOS knockout mice leading to the development of salt sensitivity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F656-63. [PMID: 20610532 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00047.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficiency in nitric oxide (NO) generation leads to salt-sensitive hypertension, but the role of increased superoxide (O(2)(-)) in such salt sensitivity has not been delineated. We examined the hypothesis that an enhancement in O(2)(-) activity induced by high-salt (HS) intake under deficient NO production contributes to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. Endothelial NO synthase knockout (eNOS KO; total n = 64) and wild-type (WT; total n = 58) mice were given diets containing either normal (NS; 0.4%) or high-salt (HS; 4%) for 2 wk. During this period, mice were chronically treated with a O(2)(-) scavenger, tempol (400 mg/l), or an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, apocynin (1 g/l), in drinking water or left untreated (n = 6-8 per group). Blood pressure was measured by radiotelemetry and 24-h urine samples were collected in metabolic cages. Basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) in eNOS KO was higher (125 +/- 4 vs. 106 +/- 3 mmHg) compared with WT. Feeding HS diet did not alter MAP in WT but increased it in eNOS KO to 166 +/- 9 mmHg. Both tempol and apocynin treatment significantly attenuated the MAP response to HS in eNOS KO (134 +/- 3 and 139 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively). Basal urinary 8-isoprostane excretion rates (U(Iso)V), a marker for endogenous O(2)(-) activity, were similar (2.8 +/- 0.2 and 2.4 +/- 0.3 ng/day) in both eNOS KO and WT mice. However, HS increased U(Iso)V more in eNOS KO than in WT (4.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.2 ng/day); these were significantly attenuated by both tempol and apocynin treatment. These data indicate that an enhancement in O(2)(-) activity contributes substantially to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension under NO-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kopkan
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Kopkan L, Cervenka L. Renal interactions of renin-angiotensin system, nitric oxide and superoxide anion: implications in the pathophysiology of salt-sensitivity and hypertension. Physiol Res 2010; 58 Suppl 2:S55-S68. [PMID: 20131937 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the regulation of renal function, volume of extracellular fluid and blood pressure. The activation of RAS also induces oxidative stress, particularly superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) formation. Although the involvement of O(2)(-) production in the pathology of many diseases is known for long, recent studies also strongly suggest its physiological regulatory function of many organs including the kidney. However, a marked accumulation of O(2)(-) in the kidney alters normal regulation of renal function and thus may contribute to the development of salt-sensitivity and hypertension. In the kidney, O(2)(-) acts as vasoconstrictor and enhances tubular sodium reabsorption. Nitric oxide (NO), another important radical that exhibits opposite effects than O(2)(-), is also involved in the regulation of kidney function. O(2)(-) rapidly interacts with NO and thus, when O(2)(-) production increases, it diminishes the bioavailability of NO leading to the impairment of organ function. As the activation of RAS, particularly the enhanced production of angiotensin II, can induce both O(2)(-) and NO generation, it has been suggested that physiological interactions of RAS, NO and O(2)(-) provide a coordinated regulation of kidney function. The imbalance of these interactions is critically linked to the pathophysiology of salt-sensitivity and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kopkan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Šochman J, Peregrin JH, Bürgelová M, Kopkan L, Kramer HJ, Červenka L. N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Iodine Contrast Agent-Induced Nephropathy in 5/6-Nephrectomized Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 33:149-56. [DOI: 10.1159/000315435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kopkan L, Khan MAH, Lis A, Awayda MS, Majid DSA. Cholesterol induces renal vasoconstriction and anti-natriuresis by inhibiting nitric oxide production in anesthetized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1606-13. [PMID: 19776170 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90743.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hypercholesterolemia is implicated in the pathophysiology of many renal disorders as well as hypertension, its direct actions in the kidney are not yet clearly understood. In the present study, we evaluated renal responses to administration of cholesterol (8 microg x min(-1).100 g body wt(-1); bound by polyethylene glycol) into the renal artery of anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Total renal blood flow (RBF) was measured by a Transonic flow probe, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by Inulin clearance. In control rats (n = 8), cholesterol induced reductions of 10 +/- 2% in RBF [baseline (b) 7.6 +/- 0.3 microg x min(-1).100 g(-1)], 17 +/- 3% in urine flow (b, 10.6 +/- 0.9 microg x min(-1).100 g(-1)), 29 +/- 3% in sodium excretion (b, 0.96 +/- 0.05 mumol.min(-1).100 g(-1)) and 24 +/- 2% in nitrite/nitrate excretion (b, 0.22 +/- 0.01 nmol.min(-1).100 g(-1)) without an appreciable change in GFR (b, 0.87 +/- 0.03 ml.min(-1).100 g(-1)). These renal vasoconstrictor and anti-natriuretic responses to cholesterol were absent in rats pretreated with nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, nitro-l-arginine methylester (0.5 microg x min(-1).100 g(-1); n = 6). In rats pretreated with superoxide (O(2)(-)) scavenger tempol (50 microg x min(-1).100 g(-1); n = 6), the cholesterol-induced renal responses remained mostly unchanged, although there was a slight attenuation in anti-natriuretic response. This anti-natriuretic response to cholesterol was abolished in furosemide-pretreated rats (0.3 microg x min(-1).100 g(-1); n = 6) but remained unchanged in amiloride-pretreated rats (0.2 microg x min(-1).100 g(-1); n = 5), indicating that Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransport is the dominant mediator of this effect. These data demonstrate that cholesterol-induced acute renal vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic responses are mediated by a decrease in NO production. These data also indicate that tubular effect of cholesterol on sodium reabsorption is mediated by the furosemide sensitive Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kopkan
- Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Kopkan L, Honetschlagerová Z, Husková Z, Imig JD, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Cervenka L. Renal mechanisms of antihypertensive effects caused by inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase in Cyp1a1‐Ren‐2 transgenic rats. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.1016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kopkan
- Department of Experimental MedicineInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Honetschlagerová
- Department of Experimental MedicineInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Department of Experimental MedicineInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Sung H Hwang
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
| | | | - Ludek Cervenka
- Department of Experimental MedicineInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
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