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McKenzie-Nickson S, Chan J, Perez K, Hung LW, Cheng L, Sedjahtera A, Gunawan L, Adlard PA, Hayne DJ, McInnes LE, Donnelly PS, Finkelstein DI, Hill AF, Barnham KJ. Modulating Protein Phosphatase 2A Rescues Disease Phenotype in Neurodegenerative Tauopathies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2731-2740. [PMID: 29920069 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide accounting for around 70% of all cases. There is currently no treatment for AD beyond symptom management and attempts at developing disease-modifying therapies have yielded very little. These strategies have traditionally targeted the peptide Aβ, which is thought to drive pathology. However, the lack of clinical translation of these Aβ-centric strategies underscores the need for diverse treatment strategies targeting other aspects of the disease. Metal dyshomeostasis is a common feature of several neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia, and manipulation of metal homeostasis has been explored as a potential therapeutic avenue for these diseases. The copper ionophore glyoxalbis-[N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato]Cu(II) (CuII(gtsm)) has previously been shown to improve the cognitive deficits seen in an AD animal model; however, the molecular mechanism remained unclear. Here we report that the treatment of two animal tauopathy models (APP/PS1 and rTg4510) with CuII(gtsm) recovers the cognitive deficits seen in both neurodegenerative models. In both models, markers of tau pathology were significantly reduced with CuII(gtsm) treatment, and in the APP/PS1 model, the levels of Aβ remained unchanged. Analysis of tau kinases (GSK3β and CDK5) revealed no drug induced changes; however, both models exhibited a significant increase in the levels of the structural subunit of the tau phosphatase, PP2A. These findings suggest that targeting the tau phosphatase PP2A has therapeutic potential for preventing memory impairments and reducing the tau pathology seen in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon McKenzie-Nickson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jacky Chan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Keyla Perez
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lin W. Hung
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Amelia Sedjahtera
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lydia Gunawan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A. Adlard
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | - David I. Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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2
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Beauchamp LC, Chan J, Hung LW, Padman BS, Vella LJ, Liu XM, Coleman B, Bush AI, Lazarou M, Hill AF, Jacobson L, Barnham KJ. Ablation of tau causes an olfactory deficit in a murine model of Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:57. [PMID: 29976255 PMCID: PMC6032546 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is diagnosed upon the presentation of motor symptoms, resulting from substantial degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Prior to diagnosis, there is a lengthy prodromal stage in which non-motor symptoms, including olfactory deficits (hyposmia), develop. There is limited information about non-motor impairments and there is a need for directed research into these early pathogenic cellular pathways that precede extensive dopaminergic death in the midbrain. The protein tau has been identified as a genetic risk factor in the development of sporadic PD. Tau knockout mice have been reported as an age-dependent model of PD, and this study has demonstrated that they develop motor deficits at 15-months-old. We have shown that at 7-month-old tau knockout mice present with an overt hyposmic phenotype. This olfactory deficit correlates with an accumulation of α-synuclein, as well as autophagic impairment, in the olfactory bulb. This pathological feature becomes apparent in the striatum and substantia nigra of 15-month-old tau knockout mice, suggesting the potential for a spread of disease. Initial primary cell culture experiments have demonstrated that ablation of tau results in the release of α-synuclein enriched exosomes, providing a potential mechanism for disease spread. These alterations in α-synuclein level as well as a marked autophagy impairment in the tau knockout primary cells recapitulate results seen in the animal model. These data implicate a pathological role for tau in early Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Beauchamp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Jacky Chan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Lin W. Hung
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Padman
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Xiang M. Liu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Bradley Coleman
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Laura Jacobson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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3
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Hung LW, Neuner S, Polepalli JS, Beier KT, Wright M, Walsh JJ, Lewis EM, Luo L, Deisseroth K, Dölen G, Malenka RC. Gating of social reward by oxytocin in the ventral tegmental area. Science 2017; 357:1406-1411. [PMID: 28963257 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The reward generated by social interactions is critical for promoting prosocial behaviors. Here we present evidence that oxytocin (OXT) release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a key node of the brain's reward circuitry, is necessary to elicit social reward. During social interactions, activity in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) OXT neurons increased. Direct activation of these neurons in the PVN or their terminals in the VTA enhanced prosocial behaviors. Conversely, inhibition of PVN OXT axon terminals in the VTA decreased social interactions. OXT increased excitatory drive onto reward-specific VTA dopamine (DA) neurons. These results demonstrate that OXT promotes prosocial behavior through direct effects on VTA DA neurons, thus providing mechanistic insight into how social interactions can generate rewarding experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin W Hung
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophie Neuner
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jai S Polepalli
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Wright
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica J Walsh
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eastman M Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gül Dölen
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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4
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Hayne DJ, North AJ, Fodero-Tavoletti M, White JM, Hung LW, Rigopoulos A, McLean CA, Adlard PA, Ackermann U, Tochon-Danguy H, Villemagne VL, Barnham KJ, Donnelly PS. Rhenium and technetium complexes that bind to amyloid-β plaques. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4933-44. [PMID: 25515141 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02969k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with the presence of insoluble protein deposits in the brain called amyloid plaques. The major constituent of these deposits is aggregated amyloid-β peptide. Technetium-99m complexes that bind to amyloid-β plaques could provide important diagnostic information on amyloid-β plaque burden using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Tridentate ligands with a stilbene functional group were used to form complexes with the fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) (M = Re or (99m)Tc) core. The rhenium carbonyl complexes with tridentate co-ligands that included a stilbene functional group and a dimethylamino substituent bound to amyloid-β present in human frontal cortex brain tissue from subjects with Alzheimer's disease. This chemistry was extended to make the analogous [(99m)Tc(I)(CO)3](+) complexes and the complexes were sufficiently stable in human serum. Whilst the lipophilicity (log D7.4) of the technetium complexes appeared ideally suited for penetration of the blood-brain barrier, preliminary biodistribution studies in an AD mouse model (APP/PS1) revealed relatively low brain uptake (0.24% ID g(-1) at 2 min post injection).
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hayne
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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5
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Robb E, Perez K, Hung LW, Masters CL, Barnham KJ, Cherny RA, Bush AI, Adlard PA, Finkelstein DI. High Order W02-Reactive Stable Oligomers of Amyloid-β are Produced in vivo and in vitro via Dialysis and Filtration of Synthetic Amyloid-β Monomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:69-78. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-132024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Robb
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Keyla Perez
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin W. Hung
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert A. Cherny
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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6
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Lim NKH, Hung LW, Pang TY, Mclean CA, Liddell JR, Hilton JB, Li QX, White AR, Hannan AJ, Crouch PJ. Localized changes to glycogen synthase kinase-3 and collapsin response mediator protein-2 in the Huntington's disease affected brain. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4051-63. [PMID: 24634145 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
All cases of Huntington's disease (HD) are caused by mutant huntingtin protein (mhtt), yet the molecular mechanisms that link mhtt to disease symptoms are not fully elucidated. Given glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases as a molecular mediator of neuronal decline and widely touted as a therapeutic target, we investigated GSK3 in cells expressing mhtt, brains of R6/1 HD mice and post-mortem human brain samples. Consistency in data across the two models and the human brain samples indicate decreased GSK3 signalling contributes to neuronal dysfunction in HD. Inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3 (pGSK3) was elevated in mhtt cells and this appeared related to an overall energy metabolism deficit as the mhtt cells had less ATP and inhibiting ATP production in control cells expressing non-pathogenic htt with paraquat also increased pGSK3. pGSK3 was increased and ATP levels decreased in the frontal cortex and striatum of R6/1 mice and levels of cortical pGSK3 inversely correlated with cognitive function of the mice. Consistent with decreased GSK3 activity in the R6/1 mouse brain, β-catenin levels were increased and phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) decreased in the frontal cortex where inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3 was the greatest. pGSK3 was predominantly undetectable in HD and healthy control human brain samples, but levels of total GSK3 were decreased in the HD-affected frontal cortex and this correlated with decreased pCRMP2. Thus, disruptions to cortical GSK3 signalling, possibly due to localized energy metabolism deficits, appear to contribute to the cognitive symptoms of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin W Hung
- Bio21 Institute Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Terence Y Pang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Catriona A Mclean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | | | | | - Qiao-Xin Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pathology Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
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7
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Kenche VB, Hung LW, Perez K, Volitakes I, Ciccotosto G, Kwok J, Critch N, Sherratt N, Cortes M, Lal V, Masters CL, Murakami K, Cappai R, Adlard PA, Barnham KJ. Development of a Platinum Complex as an anti-Amyloid Agent for the Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3374-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Kenche VB, Hung LW, Perez K, Volitakes I, Ciccotosto G, Kwok J, Critch N, Sherratt N, Cortes M, Lal V, Masters CL, Murakami K, Cappai R, Adlard PA, Barnham KJ. Development of a Platinum Complex as an anti-Amyloid Agent for the Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Hung LW, Villemagne VL, Cheng L, Sherratt NA, Ayton S, White AR, Crouch PJ, Lim S, Leong SL, Wilkins S, George J, Roberts BR, Pham CLL, Liu X, Chiu FCK, Shackleford DM, Powell AK, Masters CL, Bush AI, O'Keefe G, Culvenor JG, Cappai R, Cherny RA, Donnelly PS, Hill AF, Finkelstein DI, Barnham KJ. The hypoxia imaging agent CuII(atsm) is neuroprotective and improves motor and cognitive functions in multiple animal models of Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:837-54. [PMID: 22473957 PMCID: PMC3328361 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The PET imaging agent CuII(atsm) improves motor and cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, chronic disease characterized by dyskinesia, rigidity, instability, and tremors. The disease is defined by the presence of Lewy bodies, which primarily consist of aggregated α-synuclein protein, and is accompanied by the loss of monoaminergic neurons. Current therapeutic strategies only give symptomatic relief of motor impairment and do not address the underlying neurodegeneration. Hence, we have identified CuII(atsm) as a potential therapeutic for PD. Drug administration to four different animal models of PD resulted in improved motor and cognition function, rescued nigral cell loss, and improved dopamine metabolism. In vitro, this compound is able to inhibit the effects of peroxynitrite-driven toxicity, including the formation of nitrated α-synuclein oligomers. Our results show that CuII(atsm) is effective in reversing parkinsonian defects in animal models and has the potential to be a successful treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin W Hung
- The Mental Health Research Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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10
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Soon CPW, Donnelly PS, Turner BJ, Hung LW, Crouch PJ, Sherratt NA, Tan JL, Lim NKH, Lam L, Bica L, Lim S, Hickey JL, Morizzi J, Powell A, Finkelstein DI, Culvenor JG, Masters CL, Duce J, White AR, Barnham KJ, Li QX. Diacetylbis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato) copper(II) (CuII(atsm)) protects against peroxynitrite-induced nitrosative damage and prolongs survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44035-44044. [PMID: 22033929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive paralyzing disease characterized by tissue oxidative damage and motor neuron degeneration. This study investigated the in vivo effect of diacetylbis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato) copper(II) (CuII(atsm)), which is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable complex. In vitro the compound inhibits the action of peroxynitrite on Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and subsequent nitration of cellular proteins. Oral treatment of transgenic SOD1G93A mice with CuII(atsm) at presymptomatic and symptomatic ages was performed. The mice were examined for improvement in lifespan and motor function, as well as histological and biochemical changes to key disease markers. Systemic treatment of SOD1G93A mice significantly delayed onset of paralysis and prolonged lifespan, even when administered to symptomatic animals. Consistent with the properties of this compound, treated mice had reduced protein nitration and carbonylation, as well as increased antioxidant activity in spinal cord. Treatment also significantly preserved motor neurons and attenuated astrocyte and microglial activation in mice. Furthermore, CuII(atsm) prevented the accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated and fragmented TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) in spinal cord, a protein pivotal to the development of ALS. CuII(atsm) therefore represents a potential new class of neuroprotective agents targeting multiple major disease pathways of motor neurons with therapeutic potential for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia P W Soon
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Florey Neuroscience Institutes, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Lin W Hung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Nicki A Sherratt
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Jiang-Li Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Nastasia K-H Lim
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Linh Lam
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Laura Bica
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - SinChun Lim
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - James L Hickey
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Julia Morizzi
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Powell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Janetta G Culvenor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Colin L Masters
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - James Duce
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010.
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010.
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11
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Crouch PJ, Savva MS, Hung LW, Donnelly PS, Mot AI, Parker SJ, Greenough MA, Volitakis I, Adlard PA, Cherny RA, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ, White AR. The Alzheimer’s therapeutic PBT2 promotes amyloid-β degradation and GSK3 phosphorylation via a metal chaperone activity. J Neurochem 2011; 119:220-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Hung LW, Villemange VL, Sherratt N, George J, Lim S, Masters CL, Cappai R, Cherny R, White AR, Donnelly PS, Finkelstein DI, Barnham KJ. P4‐133: Inhibition of α‐synuclein Aggregation Leads to Therapeutic Benefits in Multiple Animal Models of Parkinson'S Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.08.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin W. Hung
- The University of MelbourneVictoria Australia
| | | | | | | | - SinChun Lim
- The University of MelbourneVictoria Australia
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13
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Hung LW, Ciccotosto G, Giannakis E, Tew D, Perez KA, Masters CL, Cappai R, Wade J, Barnham KJ. P1‐422: Abeta neurotoxicity is modulated by the rate of peptide aggregation: Abeta dimers and trimers correlate with neurotoxicity. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin W. Hung
- Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | | | - Deborah Tew
- Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Keyla A. Perez
- Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Roberto Cappai
- Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - John Wade
- Howard Florey InstituteVictoriaAustralia
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14
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Murillo AC, Li HY, Alber T, Baker EN, Berger JM, Cherney LT, Cherney MM, Cho YS, Eisenberg D, Garen CR, Goulding CW, Hung LW, Ioerger TR, Jacobs WR, James MNG, Kim C, Krieger I, Lott JS, Sankaranarayanan R, Segelke BW, Terwilliger TC, Wang F, Wang S, Sacchettini JC. High throughput crystallography of TB drug targets. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2007; 7:127-139. [PMID: 17970224 DOI: 10.2174/187152607781001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infects one-third of the world population. Despite 50 years of available drug treatments, TB continues to increase at a significant rate. The failure to control TB stems in part from the expense of delivering treatment to infected individuals and from complex treatment regimens. Incomplete treatment has fueled the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Reducing non-compliance by reducing the duration of chemotherapy will have a great impact on TB control. The development of new drugs that either kill persisting organisms, inhibit bacilli from entering the persistent phase, or convert the persistent bacilli into actively growing cells susceptible to our current drugs will have a positive effect. We are taking a multidisciplinary approach that will identify and characterize new drug targets that are essential for persistent Mtb. Targets are exposed to a battery of analyses including microarray experiments, bioinformatics, and genetic techniques to prioritize potential drug targets from Mtb for structural analysis. Our core structural genomics pipeline works with the individual laboratories to produce diffraction quality crystals of targeted proteins, and structural analysis will be completed by the individual laboratories. We also have capabilities for functional analysis and the virtual ligand screening to identify novel inhibitors for target validation. Our overarching goals are to increase the knowledge of Mtb pathogenesis using the TB research community to drive structural genomics, particularly related to persistence, develop a central repository for TB research reagents, and discover chemical inhibitors of drug targets for future development of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Murillo
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College Station 77843-2128, USA
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND RNases H are present in all organisms and cleave RNAs in RNA/DNA hybrids. There are two major types of RNases H that have little similarity in sequence, size and specificity. The structure of RNase HI, the smaller enzyme and most abundant in bacteria, has been extensively studied. However, no structural information is available for the larger RNase H, which is most abundant in eukaryotes and archaea. Mammalian RNase H participates in DNA replication, removal of the Okazaki fragments and possibly DNA repair. RESULTS The crystal structure of RNase HII from the hypothermophile Methanococcus jannaschii, which is homologous to mammalian RNase H, was solved using a multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) phasing method at 2 A resolution. The structure contains two compact domains. Despite the absence of sequence similarity, the large N-terminal domain shares a similar fold with the RNase HI of bacteria. The active site of RNase HII contains three aspartates: Asp7, Asp112 and Asp149. The nucleotide-binding site is located in the cleft between the N-terminal and C-terminal domains. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lack of any detectable similarity in primary structure, RNase HII shares a similar structural domain with RNase HI, suggesting that the two classes of RNases H have a common catalytic mechanism and possibly a common evolutionary origin. The involvement of the unique C-terminal domain in substrate recognition explains the different reaction specificity observed between the two classes of RNase H.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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16
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Hung LW, Holbrook EL, Holbrook SR. The crystal structure of the Rev binding element of HIV-1 reveals novel base pairing and conformational variability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5107-12. [PMID: 10792052 PMCID: PMC25789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.090588197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of an RNA duplex corresponding to the high affinity Rev protein binding element (RBE) has been determined at 2.1-A resolution. Four unique duplexes are present in the crystal, comprising two structural variants. In each duplex, the RNA double helix consists of an annealed 12-mer and 14-mer that form an asymmetric internal loop consisting of G-G and G-A noncanonical base pairs and a flipped-out uridine. The 12-mer strand has an A-form conformation, whereas the 14-mer strand is distorted to accommodate the bulges and noncanonical base pairing. In contrast to the NMR model of the unbound RBE, an asymmetric G-G pair with N2-N7 and N1-O6 hydrogen bonding, is formed in each helix. The G-A base pairing agrees with the NMR structure in one structural variant, but forms a novel water-mediated pair in the other. A backbone flip and reorientation of the G-G base pair is required to assume the RBE conformation present in the NMR model of the complex between the RBE and the Rev peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hung
- Macromolecular Crystallography Facility and Structural Biology Department, Melvin Calvin Building, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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17
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Khlebtsova N, Hung LW, Henderson K, Moon R, Earnest T. Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of the PDZ domain of Dishevelled protein. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2000; 56:212-4. [PMID: 10666609 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444999016054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dsh) protein is an important component of the Wnt signal-transduction pathway. It has three relatively conserved domains: DIX, PDZ and DEP. The PDZ domain of the Xenopus laevis homolog of Dsh, which consists of residues 254-348, was overexpressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. The crystals were obtained by the vapor-diffusion method, using 1.4 M sodium formate as a precipitant. The crystals diffracted to 2.3 A resolution. The space group was determined to be P6(1)22 or P6(5)22, with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 95.9, c = 93.9 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khlebtsova
- Macromolecular Crystallography Facility at the Advanced Light Source, Physical Biosciences Division, MS 6-2100, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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18
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Abstract
The racemic mixture of synthetic d and l-monellin has been crystallized, and its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.9 A resolution. The crystal structure consists of two d and two l-monellin molecules in the P1 unit cell with a pseudo-centrosymmetrical arrangement. The final structure reveals small but significant structural differences between d and l-monellin in the same crystal. Possible reasons for these differences and their implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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19
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Zarembinski TI, Hung LW, Mueller-Dieckmann HJ, Kim KK, Yokota H, Kim R, Kim SH. Structure-based assignment of the biochemical function of a hypothetical protein: a test case of structural genomics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:15189-93. [PMID: 9860944 PMCID: PMC28018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.26.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many small bacterial, archaebacterial, and eukaryotic genomes have been sequenced, and the larger eukaryotic genomes are predicted to be completely sequenced within the next decade. In all genomes sequenced to date, a large portion of these organisms' predicted protein coding regions encode polypeptides of unknown biochemical, biophysical, and/or cellular functions. Three-dimensional structures of these proteins may suggest biochemical or biophysical functions. Here we report the crystal structure of one such protein, MJ0577, from a hyperthermophile, Methanococcus jannaschii, at 1.7-A resolution. The structure contains a bound ATP, suggesting MJ0577 is an ATPase or an ATP-mediated molecular switch, which we confirm by biochemical experiments. Furthermore, the structure reveals different ATP binding motifs that are shared among many homologous hypothetical proteins in this family. This result indicates that structure-based assignment of molecular function is a viable approach for the large-scale biochemical assignment of proteins and for discovering new motifs, a basic premise of structural genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Zarembinski
- Physical Biosciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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20
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Abstract
ABC transporters (also known as traffic ATPases) form a large family of proteins responsible for the translocation of a variety of compounds across membranes of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The recently completed Escherichia coli genome sequence revealed that the largest family of paralogous E. coli proteins is composed of ABC transporters. Many eukaryotic proteins of medical significance belong to this family, such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the P-glycoprotein (or multidrug-resistance protein) and the heterodimeric transporter associated with antigen processing (Tap1-Tap2). Here we report the crystal structure at 1.5 A resolution of HisP, the ATP-binding subunit of the histidine permease, which is an ABC transporter from Salmonella typhimurium. We correlate the details of this structure with the biochemical, genetic and biophysical properties of the wild-type and several mutant HisP proteins. The structure provides a basis for understanding properties of ABC transporters and of defective CFTR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hung
- E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, 94720, USA
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21
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Kim KK, Hung LW, Yokota H, Kim R, Kim SH. Crystal structures of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A from Methanococcus jannaschii at 1.8 A resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:10419-24. [PMID: 9724718 PMCID: PMC27909 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.18.10419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/1998] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) is a ubiquitous protein found in all eukaryotic cells. The protein is closely associated with cell proliferation in the G1-S stage of the cell cycle. Recent findings show that the eIF-5A proteins are highly expressed in tumor cells and act as a cofactor of the Rev protein in HIV-1-infected cells. The mature eIF is the only protein known to have the unusual amino acid hypusine, a post-translationally modified lysine. The crystal structure of eIF-5A from Methanococcus jannaschii (MJ eIF-5A) has been determined at 1.9 A and 1.8 A resolution in two crystal forms by using the multiple isomorphous replacement method and the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction method for the first crystal form and the molecular replacement method for the second crystal form. The structure consists of two folding domains, one of which is similar to the oligonucleotide-binding domain found in the prokaryotic cold shock protein and the translation initiation factor IF1 despite the absence of any significant sequence similarities. The 12 highly conserved amino acid residues found among eIF-5As include the hypusine site and form a long protruding loop at one end of the elongated molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kim
- Physical Biosciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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22
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Goldman S, Kim R, Hung LW, Jancarik J, Kim SH. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of Pyrococcus furiosus DNA polymerase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1998; 54:986-8. [PMID: 9757114 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA polymerase gene from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus has been cloned and the protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli to produce an active enzyme. The purified protein was crystallized from 0.08 M ammonium sulfate, 0.05 M Na-cacodylate, pH 6.5, 0.15%(v/v) NP40, 0.05%(v/v) Tween 20 and 4.5%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 by the vapour-diffusion method. The orthorhombic crystals had unit-cell dimensions of a = 92.5, b = 125.4, c = 192.1 A; alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. The crystals diffracted beyond 4 A on a 1.08 A synchrotron radiation source.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldman
- Physical Biosciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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23
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Abstract
The crystal structure of the RNA octamer 5'-CGC(CA)GCG-3' has been determined from X-ray diffraction data to 2.3 A resolution. In the crystal, this oligomer forms a self-complementary double helix in the asymmetric unit. Tandem non-Watson-Crick C-A and A-C base pairs comprise an internal loop in the middle of the duplex, which is incorporated with little distortion of the A-form double helix. From the geometry of the C-A base pairs, it is inferred that the adenosine imino group is protonated and donates a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group of the cytosine. The wobble geometry of the C-A+ base pairs is very similar to that of the common U-G non-Watson-Crick pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Jang
- Structural Biology Department, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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24
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Abstract
The D-enantiomer of a potently sweet protein, monellin, has been crystallized and analyzed by X-ray crystallography at 1.8 A resolut ion. Two crystal forms (I and II) appeared under crystallization conditions similar, but not identical, to the crystallization conditions of natural L-monellin. There are four molecules per asymmetric unit in crystal form I and one in crystal form II. Crystal form I is not reproducible and is equivalent to that of monoclinic L-monellin. Intermonomer contacts in crystal form II are very different from those found in natural L-monellin crystals. The backbone trace of D-monellin resembles very closely the mirror image of that of L-monellin, but the N- and C-terminus backbones as well as several side-chain conformations of D-monellin are different from those of natural L-monellin. Most of these apparent differences may be attributable to the crystal packing differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hung
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Univesity of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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25
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Zhang Z, Huang L, Shulmeister VM, Chi YI, Kim KK, Hung LW, Crofts AR, Berry EA, Kim SH. Electron transfer by domain movement in cytochrome bc1. Nature 1998; 392:677-84. [PMID: 9565029 DOI: 10.1038/33612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome bc1 is one of the three major respiratory enzyme complexes residing in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cytochrome bc1 transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and uses the energy thus released to form an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane. Our X-ray crystal structures of the complex from chicken, cow and rabbit in both the presence and absence of inhibitors of quinone oxidation, reveal two different locations for the extrinsic domain of one component of the enzyme, an iron-sulphur protein. One location is close enough to the supposed quinol oxidation site to allow reduction of the Fe-S protein by ubiquinol. The other site is close enough to cytochrome c1 to allow oxidation of the Fe-S protein by the cytochrome. As neither location will allow both reactions to proceed at a suitable rate, the reaction mechanism must involve movement of the extrinsic domain of the Fe-S component in order to shuttle electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c1. Such a mechanism has not previously been observed in redox protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, 94720, USA
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26
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Hung LW, Kohmura M, Ariyoshi Y, Kim SH. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis ofD-monellin. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1997; 53:327-8. [PMID: 15299937 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444996014989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
D-Monellin is a chemically synthesized protein composed of all D-amino acids. It has an amino-acid sequence identical to L-monellin, a natural protein with potent sweetness. Two crystal forms of D-monellin were obtained. Both crystals were grown under conditions similiar to those used to crystallize natural L-monellin. Crystal form I has similar, but not identical, cell parameters to natural L-monellin and diffracts to 2.7 A resolution. Crystal form II is very different and diffracts to 1.7 A resolution using synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hung
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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