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Hill-Batorski L, Bowen R, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Moser MJ, Matejka SM, Marshall D, Kawaoka Y, Neumann G, Bilsel P. Mucosal immunization with dual influenza/COVID-19 single-replication virus vector protects hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Vaccine 2024; 42:2770-2780. [PMID: 38508930 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for mucosal vaccines as breakthrough infections, short-lived immune responses and emergence of new variants have challenged the efficacy provided by the first generation of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 viruses. M2SR SARS-CoV-2, an M2-deleted single-replication influenza virus vector modified to encode the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain, was evaluated following intranasal delivery in a hamster challenge model for protection against Wuhan SARS-CoV-2. An adjuvanted inactivated SARS-CoV-2 whole virus vaccine administered intramuscularly was also evaluated. The intranasal M2SR SARS-CoV-2 was more effective than the intramuscular adjuvanted inactivated whole virus vaccine in providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. M2SR SARS-CoV-2 elicited neutralizing serum antibodies against Wuhan and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 viruses in addition to cross-reactive mucosal antibodies. Furthermore, M2SR SARS-CoV-2 generated serum HAI and mucosal antibody responses against influenza similar to an H3N2 M2SR influenza vaccine. The intranasal dual influenza/COVID M2SR SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has the potential to provide protection against both influenza and COVID.
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Moser MJ, Hill-Batorski L, Bowen RA, Matejka SM, Marshall D, Kawaoka Y, Neumann G, Bilsel P. Intranasal Single-Replication Influenza Vector Induces Cross-Reactive Serum and Mucosal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1063. [PMID: 37376452 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines provide protection for COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death, but remain inefficient at inhibiting initial infection and transmission. Despite updated booster formulations, breakthrough infections and reinfections from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are common. Intranasal vaccination to elicit mucosal immunity at the site of infection can improve the performance of respiratory virus vaccines. We developed SARS-CoV-2 M2SR, a dual SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccine candidate, employing our live intranasal M2-deficient single replication (M2SR) influenza vector expressing the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein of the prototype strain, first reported in January 2020. The intranasal vaccination of mice with this dual vaccine elicits both high serum IgG and mucosal IgA titers to RBD. Sera from inoculated mice show that vaccinated mice develop neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers against the prototype and Delta virus strains, which are considered to be sufficient to protect against viral infection. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 M2SR elicited cross-reactive serum and mucosal antibodies to the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 variant. The SARS-CoV-2 M2SR vaccine also maintained strong immune responses to influenza A with high titers of anti H3 serum IgG and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers corresponding to those seen from the control M2SR vector alone. With a proven safety record and robust immunological profile in humans that includes mucosal immunity, the M2SR influenza viral vector expressing key SARS-CoV-2 antigens could provide more efficient protection against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard A Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pamuk Bilsel
- FluGen, Inc., 597 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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Hill-Batorski L, Hatta Y, Moser MJ, Sarawar S, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y, Bilsel P. Quadrivalent Formulation of Intranasal Influenza Vaccine M2SR (M2-Deficient Single Replication) Protects against Drifted Influenza A and B Virus Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040798. [PMID: 37112710 PMCID: PMC10142185 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines demonstrate low vaccine efficacy, especially when the predominantly circulating strain and vaccine are mismatched. The novel influenza vaccine platform M2- or BM2-deficient single replication (M2SR and BM2SR) has been shown to safely induce strong systemic and mucosal antibody responses and provide protection against significantly drifted influenza strains. In this study, we demonstrate that both monovalent and quadrivalent (Quad) formulations of M2SR are non-pathogenic in mouse and ferret models, eliciting robust neutralizing and non-neutralizing serum antibody responses to all strains within the formulation. Following challenge with wildtype influenza strains, vaccinated mice and ferrets demonstrated reduced weight loss, decreased viral replication in the upper and lower airways, and enhanced survival as compared to mock control groups. Mice vaccinated with H1N1 M2SR were completely protected from heterosubtypic H3N2 challenge, and BM2SR vaccines provided sterilizing immunity to mice challenged with a cross-lineage influenza B virus. Heterosubtypic cross-protection was also seen in the ferret model, with M2SR vaccinated animals exhibiting decreased viral titers in nasal washes and lungs following the challenge. BM2SR-vaccinated ferrets elicited robust neutralizing antibodies toward significantly drifted past and future influenza B strains. Mice and ferrets that received quadrivalent M2SR were able to mount immune responses equivalent to those seen with each of the four monovalent vaccines, demonstrating the absence of strain interference in the commercially relevant quadrivalent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sally Sarawar
- The Biomedical Research Institute of Southern California, Oceanside, CA 92056, USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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Hill-Batorski L, Hatta Y, Moser M, Marshall D, Bilsel P. 10. Quadrivalent M2SR (M2-deficient Single Replication) Live Influenza Vaccine Provides Better Protection Than Inactivated Vaccine Against Drifted Influenza B Virus Challenge in Ferrets. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021. [PMCID: PMC8644801 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab466.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (QIV) induce neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Despite annual update of HA vaccine antigens to match circulating strains, current vaccines provide ~60% vaccine effectiveness (VE). QIV VE can be as low as 10% when circulating strains do not match vaccine HA. The live M2SR (M2-deficient single replication) influenza vaccine candidate has previously shown broad humoral, mucosal and cellular immune responses and protection against multiple influenza A subtypes. Here we show similar properties with the Quadrivalent M2SR (Quad M2SR) against drifted influenza B challenge in comparison to QIV. Methods Ferrets pre-infected with influenza H1N1 and B/Yamagata viruses, were immunized intranasally (IN) with PBS (Mock) or Quad M2SR, or intramuscularly with Fluzone QIV. Serum collected post-vaccination was evaluated for Ab responses. Forty-two days after vaccination, ferrets were challenged IN with 106 pfu of B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage) influenza virus. Nasal washes were taken for 7 days post-challenge and evaluated for challenge virus by TCID50 assay. Nasal turbinates, trachea and lungs were also evaluated for virus. Results Quad M2SR and QIV elicited high serum Abs against the vaccine strain B/Colorado/06/2017 (Fig. 1A) and against the drifted influenza B challenge strain B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Fig. 1B) in ferrets with preexisting immunity. Like Mock, ferrets who received QIV displayed both weight loss (6.2%, Fig. 2A) and a rise in temperature (1.1oC, Fig. 2B) after challenge. In contrast, the Quad M2SR group did not exhibit any significant weight or temperature changes after challenge. Quad M2SR controlled the drifted challenge virus better than QIV as evidenced by significantly lower or absent post-challenge virus titer in nasal washes (Fig. 3A) and nasal turbinates (Fig. 3B). Figure 1. Serum Neutralization Titers Post-Vaccination ![]()
Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) antibody titers for Quad M2SR and QIV against matched Influenza B vaccine strain B/Colorado/06/2017 (Fig. 1A) and drifted strain B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Fig. 1B) on pre-study (Day -3), pre-vaccination (Day 28), and 3 weeks post vaccination (Day 51). The detection limit of the assay (horizontal dashed line) was 15 PRNT50. Figure 2. Post-challenge body weight and temperature changes ![]()
Percent body weight changes (Fig. 2A) and average body temperatures changes (Fig. 2B) following challenge with drifted Influenza B strain B/Brisbane/60/2008 for ferrets vaccinated with Quad M2SR or QIV. Figure 3. Post-challenge virus titers in respiratory tract. ![]()
Viral titers in nasal washes (Fig. 3A) and nasal turbinates (Fig. 3B) collected post-challenge with Influenza B strain B/Brisbane/60/2008 in ferrets vaccinated with Quad M2SR or QIV. No virus was detected in the trachea or lungs. The detection limit of the assay (horizontal dashed line) was 1.5 log10 TCID50/mL and 20 FFU respectively. Virus titer between groups was significant on day 3 of the nasal washes: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Multiple t tests to compare between groups, #p<0.05,><0.01,><> Conclusion Despite eliciting similar Ab titers, the Quad M2SR demonstrated superior protection compared to QIV in a drifted influenza B challenge model in ferrets. These results suggest that the intranasal M2SR platform may confer additional advantages over currently available vaccines. Quad M2SR is in late-stage development for testing in a first-in-human clinical study. Disclosures Lindsay Hill-Batorski, PhD, FluGen (Employee) Yasuko Hatta, DVM, PhD, FluGen (Employee) Michael Moser, PhD, FluGen (Employee) David Marshall, BS, FluGen (Employee) Pamuk Bilsel, PhD, FluGen (Employee)
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Halfmann P, Hill-Batorski L, Kawaoka Y. The Induction of IL-1β Secretion Through the NLRP3 Inflammasome During Ebola Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S504-S507. [PMID: 30060221 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is part of the innate immune system that regulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Ebola virus (EBOV) infection of monocytes and macrophages (primary target cells early during infection) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines; however, the mechanism behind the activation and release of these cytokines is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that EBOV infection leads to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the subsequent secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. This process is dependent on protease caspase-1, a component of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, but is independent of virus replication. These findings may lead to the development of novel drugs that impede the pathogenesis of EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Lindsay Hill-Batorski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Chiba S, Hill-Batorski L, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. The Cellular DExD/H-Box RNA Helicase UAP56 Co-localizes With the Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2192. [PMID: 30258431 PMCID: PMC6144874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UAP56, a member of the DExD/H-box RNA helicase family, is essential for pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA export in eukaryotic cells. In influenza A virus-infected cells, UAP56 mediates viral mRNA nuclear export, facilitates viral ribonucleoprotein complex formation through direct interaction with the viral nucleoprotein, and may indirectly affect antiviral host responses by binding to and/or facilitating the activation of the antiviral host factors MxA and PKR. Here, we demonstrate that UAP56 also co-localizes with the influenza A viral NS1 protein, which counteracts host cell innate immune responses stimulated by virus infection. The UAP56-NS1 association relies on the RNA-binding residues R38 and K41 in NS1 and may be mediated by single-stranded RNA. UAP56 association with NS1 does not affect the NS1-mediated downregulation of cellular innate immune pathways in reporter gene assays, leaving in question the exact biological role and relevance of the UAP56-NS1 association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Chiba
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lindsay Hill-Batorski
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Westhoff Smith D, Hill-Batorski L, N'jai A, Eisfeld AJ, Neumann G, Halfmann P, Kawaoka Y. Ebola Virus Stability Under Hospital and Environmental Conditions. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:S142-S144. [PMID: 27279525 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The West African outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) is largely contained, but sporadic new cases continue to emerge. To assess the potential contribution of fomites to human infections with EBOV, we tested EBOV stability in human blood spotted onto Sierra Leonean banknotes and in syringe needles under hospital and environmental conditions. Under some of these conditions, EBOV remained infectious for >30 days, indicating that EBOV-contaminated items may pose a serious risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Westhoff Smith
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Lindsay Hill-Batorski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Alhaji N'jai
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Biological Sciences, Fourah Bay College College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown
| | - Amie J Eisfeld
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Hill-Batorski L, Halfmann P, Marzi A, Lopes TJS, Neumann G, Feldmann H, Kawaoka Y. Loss of Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Enhances Susceptibility to Ebola Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26209680 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection in West Africa is unprecedented, with nearly 26 000 confirmed cases and >10 000 deaths. Comprehensive data on the pathogenesis of EBOV infection are lacking; however, recent studies suggested that fatal EBOV infections are characterized by dysregulation of the innate immune response and a subsequent cytokine storm. Specifically, several studies suggested that hypersecretion of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) correlates with lethal EBOV infections. To examine the significance of IL-1Ra in EBOV infections, we infected mice that lack the gene encoding IL-1Ra, Il1rn (IL-1RN-KO), and mice with wild-type Il1rn (IL-1RN-WT) with a mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV). Infected IL-1RN-KO mice lost more weight and had a lower survival rate than IL-1RN-WT mice infected with MA-EBOV. In addition, IL-1RN-KO mice infected with wild-type EBOV, which does not cause lethal infection in adult immunocompetent mice, such as C57BL/6 mice, experienced greater weight loss than IL-1RN-WT mice infected with wild-type EBOV. Further studies revealed that the levels of 6 cytokines in spleens-IL-1α, IL-1β, interleukin 12p40, interleukin 17, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted-were significantly different between IL-1RN-KO mice and IL-1RN-WT mice infected with MA-EBOV. Collectively, our data suggest that IL-1Ra may have a protective effect upon EBOV infection, likely by damping an overactive proinflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Hill-Batorski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Taft AS, Ozawa M, Fitch A, Depasse JV, Halfmann PJ, Hill-Batorski L, Hatta M, Friedrich TC, Lopes TJS, Maher EA, Ghedin E, Macken CA, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. Identification of mammalian-adapting mutations in the polymerase complex of an avian H5N1 influenza virus. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7491. [PMID: 26082035 PMCID: PMC4557292 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype pose a serious global health threat due to the high mortality (>60%) associated with the disease caused by these viruses and the lack of protective antibodies to these viruses in the general population. The factors that enable avian H5N1 influenza viruses to replicate in humans are not completely understood. Here we use a high-throughput screening approach to identify novel mutations in the polymerase genes of an avian H5N1 virus that confer efficient polymerase activity in mammalian cells. Several of the identified mutations (which have previously been found in natural isolates) increase viral replication in mammalian cells and virulence in infected mice compared with the wild-type virus. The identification of amino-acid mutations in avian H5N1 influenza virus polymerase complexes that confer increased replication and virulence in mammals is important for the identification of circulating H5N1 viruses with an increased potential to infect humans. Understanding the factors that enable some bird flu viruses to infect humans is important for the identification of circulating viruses with higher potential to infect us. Here, Taft et al.identify novel mutations in the polymerase of an avian H5N1 virus that help the virus to replicate in human cells and in mice![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Taft
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- 1] Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan [2] Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Adam Fitch
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Jay V Depasse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Lindsay Hill-Batorski
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Masato Hatta
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- 1] Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison Wisconsin 53715, USA [2] Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53711, USA
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- 1] Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA [2] Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eileen A Maher
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- 1] University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA [2] Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Catherine A Macken
- Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- 1] Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA [2] Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [3] Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Marzi A, Halfmann P, Hill-Batorski L, Feldmann F, Shupert WL, Neumann G, Feldmann H, Kawaoka Y. Vaccines. An Ebola whole-virus vaccine is protective in nonhuman primates. Science 2015; 348:439-42. [PMID: 25814063 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zaire ebolavirus is the causative agent of the current outbreak of hemorrhagic fever disease in West Africa. Previously, we showed that a whole Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccine based on a replication-defective EBOV (EBOVΔVP30) protects immunized mice and guinea pigs against lethal challenge with rodent-adapted EBOV. Here, we demonstrate that EBOVΔVP30 protects nonhuman primates against lethal infection with EBOV. Although EBOVΔVP30 is replication-incompetent, we additionally inactivated the vaccine with hydrogen peroxide; the chemically inactivated vaccine remained antigenic and protective in nonhuman primates. EBOVΔVP30 thus represents a safe, efficacious, whole-EBOV vaccine candidate that differs from other EBOV vaccine platforms in that it presents all viral proteins and the viral RNA to the host immune system, which might contribute to protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsay Hill-Batorski
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - W Lesley Shupert
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo. ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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