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Kantor S, Lanigan M, Giggins L, Lione L, Magomedova L, de Lannoy I, Upton N, Duxon M. Ketamine supresses REM sleep and markedly increases EEG gamma oscillations in the Wistar Kyoto rat model of treatment-resistant depression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114473. [PMID: 37146722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats exhibit depression-like characteristics and decreased sensitivity to monoamine-based antidepressants, making them a suitable model of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine has emerged recently as a rapidly acting antidepressant with high efficacy in TRD. Our aim was to determine whether subanaesthetic doses of ketamine can correct sleep and electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations in WKY rats and whether any ketamine-induced changes differentially affect WKY rats compared to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thus, we surgically implanted 8SD and 8 WKY adult male rats with telemetry transmitters and recorded their EEG, electromyogram, and locomotor activity after vehicle or ketamine (3, 5 or 10mg/kg, s.c.) treatment. We also monitored the plasma concentration of ketamine and its metabolites, norketamine and hydroxynorketamine in satellite animals. We found that WKY rats, have an increased amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, fragmented sleep-wake pattern, and increased EEG delta power during non-REM sleep compared to SD rats. Ketamine suppressed REM sleep and increased EEG gamma power during wakefulness in both strains, but the gamma increase was almost twice as large in WKY rats than in SD rats. Ketamine also increased beta oscillations, but only in WKY rats. These differences in sleep and EEG are unlikely to be caused by dissimilarities in ketamine metabolism as the plasma concentrations of ketamine and its metabolites were similar in both strains. Our data suggest an enhanced antidepressant-like response to ketamine in WKY rats, and further support the predictive validity of acute REM sleep suppression as a measure of antidepressant responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Kantor
- Transpharmation Ltd, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom; Transpharmation Canada, Fergus, ON, N1M 2W8, Canada.
| | - Michael Lanigan
- Transpharmation Ltd, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom; University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AD, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Giggins
- Transpharmation Ltd, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lione
- University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Neil Upton
- Transpharmation Ltd, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Duxon
- Transpharmation Ltd, 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, United Kingdom; Transpharmation Canada, Fergus, ON, N1M 2W8, Canada
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2
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Bading Taika B, Bouckandou M, Souza A, Bourobou Bourobou HP, MacKenzie LS, Lione L. An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and toxicology. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 216:203-228. [PMID: 29305175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including 'Diabetes', 'Gabon', 'Toxicity', 'Constituents', 'hyperglycaemia' were used. RESULTS A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. CONCLUSION An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bading Taika
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon.
| | - M Bouckandou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - A Souza
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Franceville, Gabon
| | - H P Bourobou Bourobou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - L S MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - L Lione
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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Pritchard S, Jackson MJ, Hikima A, Lione L, Benham CD, Chaudhuri KR, Rose S, Jenner P, Iravani MM. Altered detrusor contractility in MPTP-treated common marmosets with bladder hyperreflexia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175797. [PMID: 28520722 PMCID: PMC5435136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder hyperreflexia is a common non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease. We now report on the contractility of the isolated primate detrusor strips devoid of nerve input and show that following MPTP, the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contraction was increased. These responses were unaffected by dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists A77636 and ropinirole respectively. Contractions by exogenous carbachol, histamine or ATP were similar and no differences in the magnitude of noradrenaline-induced relaxation were seen in detrusor strip obtained from normal and MPTP-treated common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). However, the neurogenic contractions following electrical field stimulation of the intrinsic nerves (EFS) were markedly greater in strips obtained from MPTP treated animals. EFS evoked non-cholinergic contractions following atropine were also greater but the contribution of the cholinergic innervation as a proportion of the overall contraction was smaller in the detrusor strips of MPTP treated animals, suggesting a preferential enhancement of the non-cholinergic transmission. Although dopaminergic mechanism has been proposed to underlie bladder hyperreflexia in MPTP-treated animals with intact bladder, the present data indicates that the increased neurogenically mediated contractions where no extrinsic innervation exists might be due to long-term adaptive changes locally as a result of the loss of the nigrostriatal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Jackson
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atsuko Hikima
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lione
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Benham
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Rose
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud M. Iravani
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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Rehman AU, Dugic E, Benham C, Lione L, Mackenzie LS. Selective inhibition of NADPH oxidase reverses the over contraction of diabetic rat aorta. Redox Biol 2013; 2:61-4. [PMID: 25460721 PMCID: PMC4297944 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal vascular responsiveness in diabetes has been attributed to a number of changes in contractile pathways, affected in part by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been reported that NADPH oxidase (NOX) is increased in diabetic (streptozotocin treated; STZ) rat arteries; however the pharmacological agents used to inhibit NOX activity are known to be unsuitable for in vitro studies and have a high level of non-selectivity. Here we have used the highly selective NOX inhibitor VAS2870 in diabetic rat aorta and compared its effects with apocynin, SOD, and allopurinol on phenylephrine and U46619 induced contraction. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 65mg/kg STZ and development of diabetes was confirmed by testing blood glucose levels. Rats were killed by CO2 asphyxiation, and the thoracic aorta removed and mounted in an organ bath under a tension of 1g. Diabetic rat aortas exhibit a greatly increased response to phenylephrine, which was reduced to a level consistent with control rat aorta by 10(-5)M VAS2870 and 150U/ml SOD. Incubation with VAS2870 led to an increase in normal rat aorta contraction, but led to a significant reduction in phenylephrine and U46619 induced tone in diabetic rat aorta, which indicates that ROS in diabetic rats directly contributes to these contractile responses. Apocynin and allopurinol had no effect on contraction in diabetic or normal rat aorta. This data is the first to show that selective inhibition of NOX reduces diabetic arterial contraction in direct comparison with inhibition of other known contributors of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ur Rehman
- Biosciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University Hertfordshire, College Lane AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Elma Dugic
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chris Benham
- Biosciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University Hertfordshire, College Lane AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Lisa Lione
- Biosciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University Hertfordshire, College Lane AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Louise S Mackenzie
- Biosciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University Hertfordshire, College Lane AL10 9AB, UK.
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Mackenzie LS, Lione L. Harnessing the benefits of PPARβ/δ agonists. Life Sci 2013; 93:963-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lione L, Puddu A, Pedemonte A, Viviani GL. Rat serum improves rat pseudoislet formation and insulin gene expression. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 2001; 77:13-9. [PMID: 11512494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Rat islet cells in culture are able to form tridimensional aggregates with an architecture and functional activity similar to native islets: pseudoislets. Pseudoislets represent an alternative source for islet transplantation, because their transplant results in a long term allograft acceptance without immunosuppression of the host. Use of pseudoislets has been limited by their reduced yield and by poor reaggregation mass. Since culture conditions have been reported to affect reaggregation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of two sera (Fetal Bovine Serum [FBS] and Rat Serum [RS]) on reaggregation and insulin gene expression in pseudoislets. Islets were isolated from male Lewis rat by means of histopaque gradient centrifugation. The day after islets were disrupted into single cells and cultured in RPMI 1640 5.6 mM glucose with 2%, 5% and 10% solutions of both FBS and RS. Cells spontaneously reaggregated to form pseudoislets. After seven days of culture, pseudoislets were counted and analysed for insulin secretion and insulin gene expression using RT-PCR. Rat serum increased the number of aggregates and their diameters. Insulin gene expression of pseudoislets cultured with RS showed a ten fold increase in comparison to those cultured with FBS. These data show that the culture medium supplemented with RS improves total reaggregate volume and increases insulin gene expression. With the perspective of pseudoislets' use in transplantation RS is better indicated than FBS for the production of rat pseudoislets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lione
- DI.M.I., Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova
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Hudson AL, Gough R, Tyacke R, Lione L, Lalies M, Lewis J, Husbands S, Knight P, Murray F, Hutson P, Nutt DJ. Novel selective compounds for the investigation of imidazoline receptors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 881:81-91. [PMID: 10415900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over several years our group has sought to synthesize and identify selective ligands for imidazoline (I) receptors, in particular the I2 binding site. As a consequence, [3H]2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2BFI) has proved extremely useful for binding and autoradiographic studies. More recently we have synthesized a BU series of compounds and examined these for their affinities for both I1 and I2 binding sites. BU224 (2-(4,5-dihydroimidaz-2-yl)-quinoline) shows high affinity for I2 receptors with a Ki of 2.1 nM. BU226 (2-(4,5-dihydroimidaz-2-yl)-isoquinoline) demonstrated slightly higher affinity (Ki 1.4 nM) for I2 receptors, but overall BU224 displayed greater selectivity for I2 over I1 receptors (832-fold) than BU226 (380-fold). Both compounds showed low (microM) affinity for alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Given BU224's ability to cross the blood brain barrier, we predict that its in vivo effects are likely to be mediated via I2 receptors. Brain dialysis revealed BU224 to dose dependently (0-20 mg/kg i.p.) elevate basal noradrenaline in rat frontal cortex and basal dopamine in striatum. In a rat model of opiate withdrawal, behavioral studies showed that BU224 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) was able to reduce acute weight loss and diarrhea, but not the number of wet dog shakes associated with the withdrawal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hudson
- Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.
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Senesi B, Curiale V, Lione L, Puddu A, Pedemonte A, Pastorino A, Viviani GL. Oral tolerance and allografts: can multiple oral administrations of low doses of highly purified islets induce peripheral tolerance in pancreatic islet allografts? Transplant Proc 1998; 30:545-9. [PMID: 9532171 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)01399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Senesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Genoa, Italy
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Nutt DJ, French N, Handley S, Hudson A, Husbands S, Jackson H, Jordan S, Lalies MD, Lewis J, Lione L. Functional studies of specific imidazoline-2 receptor ligands. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 763:125-39. [PMID: 7677321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Nutt
- Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, UK
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Viviani GL, Bottino R, Zecchi A, Sanna R, Cavo M, Fontana I, Arcuri V, Lione L, Stubinski R, Falzetti G. Application of the hydraulic shaking system method to isolation of human pancreatic islets. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:3436-7. [PMID: 7998208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G L Viviani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Genova, Italy
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11
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Viviani GL, Fontana I, Zecchi A, Bottino R, Sanna R, Lione L, Sacchi G, Falzetti G, Valente U, Adezati L. Isolation of pig pancreatic islets by a new method with hydraulic shaking: preliminary report. Transpl Int 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.1992.5.s1.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Viviani GL, Fontana I, Zecchi A, Bottino R, Sanna R, Lione L, Sacchi G, Falzetti G, Valente U, Adezati L. Isolation of pig pancreatic islets by a new method with hydraulic shaking: preliminary report. Transpl Int 1992; 5 Suppl 1:S272-3. [PMID: 14621799 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-77423-2_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of human pancreas represents a serious problem in islet transplantation. In the past few years many efforts have been made to isolate pancreatic islets from large mammals in order to achieve valid and reproducible isolation methods. For several reasons swine may be considered an ideal source of islet tissue because of the similarity between human and porcine insulin and because of the easy availability of pig pancreata. Some papers have been published recently on this topic with good results. However, some problems, such as islet dissociation into single cells after collagenase digestion, are not completely solved. In this article, an automated method involving a hydraulic shaking system is described for islet isolation from the pig pancreas, developed in our laboratory and derived from Ricordi's model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Viviani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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