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Mutsaerts EAML, van Cranenbroek B, Madhi SA, Simonetti E, Arns AJ, Jose L, Koen A, van Herwaarden AE, de Jonge MI, Verhagen LM. Impact of nutritional status on vaccine-induced immunity in children living in South Africa: Investigating the B-cell repertoire and metabolic hormones. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00448-1. [PMID: 38637212 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored the role of metabolic hormones and the B-cell repertoire in the association between nutritional status and vaccine responses. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, nested within a larger randomized open-label trial, 211 South African children received two doses of measles vaccine and two or three doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Metabolic markers (leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin) and distribution of B-cell subsets (n = 106) were assessed at 18 months of age. RESULTS Children with a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) ≤ -1 standard deviation (SD) at booster vaccination had a decreased mean serotype-specific PCV IgG response compared with those with WHZ > -1 and <+1 SD or WHZ ≥ +1 SD at 9 months post-booster (18 months of age). (Naive) pre-germinal center B-cells were associated with pneumococcal antibody decay between one to nine months post-booster. Predictive performance of elastic net models for the combined effect of B-cell subsets, metabolic hormones and nutritional status (in addition to age, sex, and randomization group) on measles and PCV vaccine response had an average area under the receiver operating curve of 0.9 and 0.7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combined effect of B-cell subsets, metabolic hormones and nutritional status correlated well with the vaccination response for measles and most PCV serotypes. CLINICALTRIALS gov registration of parent studies: NCT02943902 and NCT03330171.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A M L Mutsaerts
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - B van Cranenbroek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E Simonetti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A J Arns
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Jose
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Koen
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L M Verhagen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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2
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Waagmeester A, Willighagen EL, Su AI, Kutmon M, Gayo JEL, Fernández-Álvarez D, Groom Q, Schaap PJ, Verhagen LM, Koehorst JJ. Author Correction: A protocol for adding knowledge to Wikidata: aligning resources on human coronaviruses. BMC Biol 2023; 21:261. [PMID: 37974169 PMCID: PMC10655412 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina Kutmon
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter J Schaap
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jasper J Koehorst
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Molenaar-de Backer MWA, Doodeman P, Rezai F, Verhagen LM, van der Ark A, Plagmeijer EM, Metz B, van Vlies N, Ophorst O, Raeven RHM. In vitro alternative for reactogenicity assessment of outer membrane vesicle based vaccines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12675. [PMID: 37542099 PMCID: PMC10403550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic or added immune activating molecules are key for most vaccines to provide desired immunity profiles but may increase systemic reactogenicity. Regulatory agencies require rabbit pyrogen testing (RPT) for demonstration of vaccine reactogenicity. Recently, the monocyte activation test (MAT) gained popularity as in vitro alternative, yet this assay was primarily designed to test pyrogen-free products. The aim was to adjust the MAT to enable testing of pyrogen containing vaccines in an early stage of development where no reference batch is yet available. The MAT and RPT were compared for assessing unknown safety profiles of pertussis outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine candidates to those of Bexsero as surrogate reference vaccine. Pertussis OMVs with wild-type LPS predominantly activated TLR2 and TLR4 and were more reactogenic than Bexsero. However, this reactogenicity profile for pertussis OMVs could be equalized or drastically reduced compared to Bexsero or a whole-cell pertussis vaccine, respectively by dose changing, modifying the LPS, intranasal administration, or a combination of these. Importantly, except for LPS modified products, reactogenicity profiles obtained with the RPT and MAT were comparable. Overall, we demonstrated that this pertussis OMV vaccine candidate has an acceptable safety profile. Furthermore, the MAT proved its applicability to assess reactogenicity levels of pyrogen containing vaccines at multiple stages of vaccine development and could eventually replace rabbit pyrogen testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulien Doodeman
- Department of Virology and MAT Services, Sanquin Diagnostiek, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fereshte Rezai
- Department of Virology and MAT Services, Sanquin Diagnostiek, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Verhagen
- Intravacc, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arno van der Ark
- Intravacc, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Els M Plagmeijer
- Department of Virology and MAT Services, Sanquin Diagnostiek, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Naomi van Vlies
- Intravacc, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Ophorst
- Intravacc, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - René H M Raeven
- Intravacc, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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4
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Waagmeester A, Willighagen EL, Su AI, Kutmon M, Gayo JEL, Fernández-Álvarez D, Groom Q, Schaap PJ, Verhagen LM, Koehorst JJ. A protocol for adding knowledge to Wikidata: aligning resources on human coronaviruses. BMC Biol 2021; 19:12. [PMID: 33482803 PMCID: PMC7820539 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemics, even more than other medical problems, require swift integration of knowledge. When caused by a new virus, understanding the underlying biology may help finding solutions. In a setting where there are a large number of loosely related projects and initiatives, we need common ground, also known as a "commons." Wikidata, a public knowledge graph aligned with Wikipedia, is such a commons and uses unique identifiers to link knowledge in other knowledge bases. However, Wikidata may not always have the right schema for the urgent questions. In this paper, we address this problem by showing how a data schema required for the integration can be modeled with entity schemas represented by Shape Expressions. RESULTS As a telling example, we describe the process of aligning resources on the genomes and proteomes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and related viruses as well as how Shape Expressions can be defined for Wikidata to model the knowledge, helping others studying the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. How this model can be used to make data between various resources interoperable is demonstrated by integrating data from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) Taxonomy, NCBI Genes, UniProt, and WikiPathways. Based on that model, a set of automated applications or bots were written for regular updates of these sources in Wikidata and added to a platform for automatically running these updates. CONCLUSIONS Although this workflow is developed and applied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to demonstrate its broader applicability it was also applied to other human coronaviruses (MERS, SARS, human coronavirus NL63, human coronavirus 229E, human coronavirus HKU1, human coronavirus OC4).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Egon L Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter J Schaap
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jasper J Koehorst
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Raeven RHM, van Vlies N, Salverda MLM, van der Maas L, Uittenbogaard JP, Bindels THE, Rigters J, Verhagen LM, Kruijer S, van Riet E, Metz B, van der Ark AAJ. The Role of Virulence Proteins in Protection Conferred by Bordetella pertussis Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030429. [PMID: 32751680 PMCID: PMC7563335 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited protective immunity induced by acellular pertussis vaccines demands development of novel vaccines that induce broader and longer-lived immunity. In this study, we investigated the protective capacity of outer membrane vesicle pertussis vaccines (omvPV) with different antigenic composition in mice to gain insight into which antigens contribute to protection. We showed that total depletion of virulence factors (bvg(-) mode) in omvPV led to diminished protection despite the presence of high antibody levels. Antibody profiling revealed overlap in humoral responses induced by vaccines in bvg(-) and bvg(+) mode, but the potentially protective responses in the bvg(+) vaccine were mainly directed against virulence-associated outer membrane proteins (virOMPs) such as BrkA and Vag8. However, deletion of either BrkA or Vag8 in our outer membrane vesicle vaccines did not affect the level of protection. In addition, the vaccine-induced immunity profile, which encompasses broad antibody and mixed T-helper 1, 2 and 17 responses, was not changed. We conclude that the presence of multiple virOMPs in omvPV is crucial for protection against Bordetella pertussis. This protective immunity does not depend on individual proteins, as their absence or low abundance can be compensated for by other virOMPs.
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6
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Koenen MH, van Montfrans JM, Sanders EAM, Bogaert D, Verhagen LM. Immunoglobulin A deficiency in children, an undervalued clinical issue. Clin Immunol 2019; 209:108293. [PMID: 31678364 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the principal antibody in secretions that bathe the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosal surfaces and acts as an important first line of defense against invasion of pathogenic micro-organisms. The reported prevalence rate of complete IgA deficiency in healthy children ranges from 1:170 to 1:400, and as a solitary condition, it is often considered of limited clinical importance. However, patients with IgA deficiency can develop recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, as well as allergic and autoimmune diseases. In children referred for recurrent respiratory tract infections, the observed prevalence rate increases more than tenfold. This review discusses several aspects of IgA deficiency in children, including immunologic and microbiome changes in early childhood and the potential consequences of this condition in later life. It illustrates the importance of early identification of children with impaired IgA production who deserve appropriate clinical care and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Koenen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Lundlaan 6, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - J M van Montfrans
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Lundlaan 6, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - E A M Sanders
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Lundlaan 6, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - D Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Lundlaan 6, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent 47, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - L M Verhagen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Lundlaan 6, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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7
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Vandebriel RJ, Vermeulen JP, van Engelen LB, de Jong B, Verhagen LM, de la Fonteyne-Blankestijn LJ, Hoonakker ME, de Jong WH. The crystal structure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles influences immune activity in vitro and in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:9. [PMID: 29382351 PMCID: PMC5791356 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The use of engineered nanoparticles (NP) is widespread and still increasing. There is a great need to assess their safety. Newly engineered NP enter the market in a large variety; therefore safety evaluation should preferably be in a high-throughput fashion. In vitro screening is suitable for this purpose. TiO
2
NP exist in a large variety (crystal structure, coating and size), but information on their relative toxicities is scarce. TiO
2
NP may be inhaled by workers in e.g. paint production and application. In mice, inhalation of TiO
2
NP increases allergic reactions. Dendritic cells (DC) form an important part of the lung immune system, and are essential in adjuvant activity. The present study aimed to establish the effect of a variety of TiO
2
NP on DC maturation in vitro. Two NP of different crystal structure but similar in size, uncoated and from the same supplier, were evaluated for their adjuvant activity in vivo.
Methods
Immature DC were differentiated in vitro from human peripheral blood monocytes. Exposure effects of a series of fourteen TiO
2
NP on cell viability, CD83 and CD86 expression, and IL-12p40 and TNF-α production were measured. BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) alone, OVA plus anatase TiO
2
NP, OVA plus rutile TiO
2
NP, and OVA plus Carbon Black (CB; positive control). The mice were intranasally challenged with OVA. OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 in serum, cellular inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IL-4 and IL-5 production in draining bronchial lymph nodes were evaluated.
Results
All NP dispersions contained NP aggregates. The anatase NP and anatase/rutile mixture NP induced a higher CD83 and CD86 expression and a higher IL-12p40 production in vitro than the rutile NP (including coated rutile NP and a rutile NP of a 10-fold larger primary diameter). OVA-specific serum IgE and IgG1 were increased by anatase NP, rutile NP, and CB, in the order rutile<anatase<CB. The three particles similarly increased IL-4 and IL-5 production by bronchial LN cells and eosinophils and lymphocytes in the BALF. Neutrophils were induced by rutile NP and CB but not by anatase NP.
Conclusions
Our data show that measuring CD83 and CD86 expression and IL-12p40 and TNF-α production in DC in vitro may provide an efficient way to screen NP for potential adjuvant activity; future studies should establish whether this also holds for other NP. Based on antigen-specific IgE and IgG1, anatase NP have higher adjuvant activity than rutile NP, confirming our in vitro data. Other parameters of the allergic response showed a similar response for the two NP crystal structures. From the viewpoint of safe(r) by design products, rutile NP may be preferred over anatase NP, especially when inhalation exposure can be expected during production or application of the product.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0245-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda P Vermeulen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens B van Engelen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Britt de Jong
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Liset J de la Fonteyne-Blankestijn
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim H de Jong
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Hoonakker ME, Verhagen LM, van der Maas L, Sloots A, Hendriksen CFM. Reporter cell lines for detection of pertussis toxin in acellular pertussis vaccines as a functional animal-free alternative to the in vivo histamine sensitization test. Vaccine 2017; 35:1152-1160. [PMID: 28129894 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Detoxified pertussis toxin (pertussis toxoid) is a major antigen in acellular pertussis vaccines. Testing these vaccines on the presence of residual pertussis toxin (PTx) and reversion to toxicity is performed by the regulatory required in vivo Histamine Sensitization test (HIST). Lack of mechanistic understanding of the HIST, technical handicaps and animal welfare concerns, have promoted the development of alternative methods. As the majority of the cellular effects of PTx depend on its ability to activate intracellular pathways involving cAMP, the in vitro cAMP-PTx assay was developed. Although this assay could be used to detect PTx activity, it lacked sensitivity and robustness for use in a quality control setting. In the present study, novel reporter cell lines (CHO-CRE and A10-CRE) were generated that stably express a reporter construct responsive to changes in intracellular cAMP levels. These reporter cell lines were able to detect PTx in a concentration-dependent manner when combined with fixed amounts of forskolin. The CHO-CRE cell line enabled detection of PTx in the context of a multivalent vaccine containing aP, with a sensitivity equal to the HIST. However, the sensitivity of the A10-CRE cells was insufficient for this purpose. The experiments also suggest that the CHO-CRE reporter cell line might be suitable for assessment of cellular effects of PTd reverted to PTx. The CHO-CRE reporter cell line provides a platform that meets the criteria for specificity and sensitivity and is a promising in vitro model with potential to replace the HIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E Hoonakker
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisa M Verhagen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa van der Maas
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Sloots
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Coenraad F M Hendriksen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), P.O. Box 457, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Hoonakker ME, Verhagen LM, Pupo E, de Haan A, Metz B, Hendriksen CFM, Han WGH, Sloots A. Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161428. [PMID: 27548265 PMCID: PMC4993483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. Prolonged BvgASR suppression was associated with a decreased capacity of vaccines to activate hTLR4. In contrast, no significant differences in hTLR2 activation were observed. Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. Interestingly, this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation coincided with a reduction in GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines. Accordingly, expression of the lgmA-C genes, required for this glucosamine modification, was significantly reduced in bacteria exposed to sulfate. Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E. Hoonakker
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa M. Verhagen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elder Pupo
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alex de Haan
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Coenraad F. M. Hendriksen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda G. H. Han
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Sloots
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Hoonakker ME, Verhagen LM, van der Maas L, Metz B, Uittenbogaard JP, van de Waterbeemd B, van Els CACM, van Eden W, Hendriksen CFM, Sloots A, Han WGH. Adaptive immune response to whole cell pertussis vaccine reflects vaccine quality: A possible complementation to the Pertussis Serological Potency test. Vaccine 2016; 34:4429-36. [PMID: 27452867 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole cell Bordetella pertussis (wP) vaccines are still used in many countries to protect against the respiratory disease pertussis. The potency of whole-cell pertussis vaccine lots is determined by an intracerebral challenge test (the Kendrick test). This test is criticized due to lack of immunological relevance of the read-out after an intracerebral challenge with B. pertussis. The alternative in vivo test, which assesses specific antibody levels in serum after wP vaccination, is the Pertussis Serological Potency test (PSPT). Although the PSPT focuses on a parameter that contributes to protection, the protective immune mechanisms after wP vaccination includes more elements than specific antibody responses only. In this study, additional parameters were investigated, i.e. circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, antibody specificity and T helper cell responses and it was evaluated whether they can be used as complementary readout parameters in the PSPT to assess wP lot quality. By deliberate manipulation of the vaccine preparation procedure, a panel of high, intermediate and low quality wP vaccines were made. The results revealed that these vaccines induced similar IL-6 and IP10 levels in serum 4h after vaccination (innate responses) and similar antibody levels directed against the entire bacterium. In contrast, the induced antibody specificity to distinct wP antigens differed after vaccination with high, intermediate and low quality wP vaccines. In addition, the magnitude of wP-induced Th cell responses (Th17, Th1 and Th2) was reduced after vaccination with a wP vaccine of low quality. T cell responses and antibody specificity are therefore correlates of qualitative differences in the investigated vaccines, while the current parameter of the PSPT alone was not sensitive enough to distinguish between vaccines of different qualities. This study demonstrates that assessment of the magnitude of Th cell responses and the antigen specificity of antibodies induced by wP vaccination could form valuable complementary parameters to the PSPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hoonakker
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - L M Verhagen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - L van der Maas
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - B Metz
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J P Uittenbogaard
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - B van de Waterbeemd
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C A C M van Els
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W van Eden
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C F M Hendriksen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Sloots
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W G H Han
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Hoonakker ME, Verhagen LM, Hendriksen CFM, van Els CACM, Vandebriel RJ, Sloots A, Han WGH. In vitro innate immune cell based models to assess whole cell Bordetella pertussis vaccine quality: a proof of principle. Biologicals 2015; 43:100-9. [PMID: 25633359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lot release testing of vaccines is primarily based on animal models that are costly, time-consuming and sometimes of questionable relevance. In order to reduce animal use, functional in vitro assays are being explored as an alternative approach for the current lot release testing paradigm. In this study, we present an evaluation of APC platforms assessing innate immune activation by whole cell Bordetella pertussis (wP) vaccines. Primary monocytes, monocyte-derived DC (moDC) and human monocyte/DC cell lines (MonoMac6 and MUTZ-3) were compared for their capacity to respond to wP vaccines of varying quality. To produce such vaccines, the production process of wP was manipulated, resulting in wP vaccines covering a range of in vivo potencies. The responses of MUTZ-3 cells and primary monocytes to these vaccines were marginal and these models were therefore considered inappropriate. Importantly, moDC and MonoMac6 cells responded to the wP vaccines and discriminated between vaccines of varying quality, although slight variations in the responses to wP vaccines of similar quality were also observed. This study provides a proof of principle for the use of in vitro APC platforms as part of a new strategy to assess wP vaccine lot consistency, though careful standardisation of assay conditions is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hoonakker
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - L M Verhagen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C F M Hendriksen
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - C A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - R J Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Sloots
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W G H Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Verhagen LM, Hermans PWM, Warris A, de Groot R, Maes M, Villalba JA, del Nogal B, van den Hof S, Mughini Gras L, van Soolingen D, Pinelli E, de Waard JH. Helminths and skewed cytokine profiles increase tuberculin skin test positivity in Warao Amerindians. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012; 92:505-12. [PMID: 22877977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune regulatory mechanisms involved in the acquisition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children are largely unknown. We investigated the influence of parasitic infections, malnutrition and plasma cytokine profiles on tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity in Warao Amerindians in Venezuela. Pediatric household contacts of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) cases were enrolled for TST, chest radiograph, plasma cytokine analyses, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) testing and stool examinations. Factors associated with TST positivity were studied using generalized estimation equations logistic regression models. Of the 141 asymptomatic contacts, 39% was TST-positive. After adjusting for age, gender and nutritional status, TST positivity was associated with Trichuris trichiura infections (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-11.6) and low circulating levels of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33-0.79). Ascaris lumbricoides infections in interaction with Th2- and interleukin (IL)-10-dominated cytokine profiles were positively associated with TST positivity (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.9 and OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.04-5.7, respectively). A negative correlation of QFT-GIT mitogen responses with Th1 and Th2 levels and a positive correlation with age were observed (all p < 0.01). We conclude that helminth infections and low Th1 cytokine plasma levels are significantly associated with TST positivity in indigenous Venezuelan pediatric TB contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Verhagen LM, Kapinga R, van Rosmalen-Nooijens KAWL. Factors underlying diagnostic delay in tuberculosis patients in a rural area in Tanzania: a qualitative approach. Infection 2010; 38:433-46. [PMID: 20878458 PMCID: PMC3003144 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-010-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Diagnostic delay in patients with tuberculosis (TB) leads to ongoing TB transmission, higher mortality rates and increased patient and government health expenditure. Qualitative research focussed on patients’ self-perceptions of disease and their care-seeking behaviour helps to guide health education programmes by providing us with the understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and practices that underlie diagnostic delay. Patients and methods Semi-structured interviews with 28 recently diagnosed TB patients and four traditional healers were conducted. The interviews were audio-recorded and content analysis was performed. Results The median total delay was 188 days. The health provider delay (31 days) was longer than the patient delay (21 days) and the health system delay (26 days). The health system delay was longest in patients not being diagnosed at their first hospital visit and subsequently visiting other health care providers, mostly traditional healers. Conclusions A poor knowledge of TB signs and symptoms and patients’ beliefs about curses as the origin of diseases lead to delayed care-seeking at the hospital level in an area of North-Western Tanzania. Failure to identify TB cases by formal and non-formal health providers indicates that the education of both communities as well as health workers is essential in order to reduce diagnostic delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Verhagen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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