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Brieman CL, McGarrigle WJ, Cope LM, Kiehl KA, Kosson DS. Clarifying Relations Between Core Features of Psychopathy and Substance (Mis)use: A Replication and Extension in Two Large Independent Samples. J Pers Disord 2024; 38:138-156. [PMID: 38592911 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2024.38.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Two studies examined the consistency of associations between specific components of psychopathy and two indices of drug use: (a) abstinence and (b) severity (i.e., counts) of lifetime substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms. Participants were 418 male county jail inmates in Illinois (Study One) and 354 male state prison inmates in New Mexico (Study Two). Across samples, lifestyle and antisocial trait ratings were associated with a reduced likelihood of abstinence from most substances. Lifestyle traits were also uniquely associated with severity of substance dependence ratings. Consistent with prior research, interpersonal traits were uniquely related to cocaine indices in both samples. Furthermore, analyses revealed negative associations between the affective features of psychopathy and alcohol dependence in one sample (Study Two), and illicit substance use across samples. These findings demonstrate the robustness of the associations between the interpersonal and affective features of psychopathy and specific aspects of substance (mis)use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David S Kosson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
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2
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Cope LM, Gheidi A, Martz ME, Duval ER, Khalil H, Allerton T, Morrow JD. A mechanical task for measuring sign- and goal-tracking in humans: A proof-of-concept study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 436:114112. [PMID: 36115435 PMCID: PMC10153473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cue-based associative learning (i.e., Pavlovian conditioning) is a foundational component of behavior in almost all forms of animal life and may provide insight into individual differences in addiction liability. Cues can take on incentive-motivational properties (i.e., incentive salience) through Pavlovian learning. Extensive testing with non-human animals (primarily rats) has demonstrated significant variation among individuals in the behaviors this type of learning evokes. So-named "sign-trackers" and "goal-trackers" have been examined in many studies of non-human animals, but this work in humans is still a nascent area of research. In the present proof-of-concept study, we used a Pavlovian conditioned approach task to investigate human sign- and goal-tracking in emerging adults. Conditioned behaviors that developed over the course of the task were directed toward the reward-cue and toward the reward location. Participants' eye-gaze and behavior during the task were submitted to a latent profile analysis, which revealed three groups defined as sign-trackers (n = 10), goal-trackers (n = 4), and intermediate responders (n = 36). Impulsivity was a significant predictor of the sign-tracking group relative to the goal-tracking group. The present study provides preliminary evidence that a simple procedure can produce learned Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior in humans. Though further investigation is required, findings provide a promising step toward the long-term goal of translating important insights gleaned from basic research into treatment strategies that can be applied to clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - A Gheidi
- Biomedical Science Research Building, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - M E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - E R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - H Khalil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - T Allerton
- Biomedical Science Research Building, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J D Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biomedical Science Research Building, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Martz ME, Hardee JE, Cope LM, McCurry KL, Soules M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Nucleus Accumbens Response to Reward among Children with a Family History of Alcohol Use Problems: Convergent Findings from the ABCD Study® and Michigan Longitudinal Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070913. [PMID: 35884720 PMCID: PMC9320357 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a family history of alcohol use problems (FH+) conveys risk for alcohol use in offspring. Reward-related brain functioning may play a role in this vulnerability. The present study investigated brain function in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) associated with the anticipation of reward in youth with two biological parents with alcohol use problems (FH+2), one biological parent with alcohol use problems (FH+1), and no biological parents with alcohol use problems (FH-). Participants were from the large, national Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (mean age: 9.93; 48% female; FH+2 n = 223, FH+1 n = 1447, FH- n = 9690) and the Michigan Longitudinal Study (MLS), consisting of community-recruited families with high rates of alcohol use disorder (mean age: 10.54; 39.3% female; FH+2 n = 40, FH+1 n = 51, FH- n = 40). Reward anticipation was measured by the monetary incentive delay task. Regression models were used to assess associations between FH status and the anticipation of large rewards in right and left NAcc regions of interest. In both studies, FH+2 youth showed blunted anticipatory reward responding in the right NAcc compared to FH+1 youth. In the MLS, FH+2 youth also had blunted anticipatory reward responding in the right NAcc compared to the FH- group. Convergent results across two separate samples provide insights into a unique vulnerability of FH+2 youth and suggest that binary FH+ versus FH- categorizations may obscure important differences within FH+ youth.
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Grants
- U01DA041048, U01DA050989, U01DA051016, U01DA041022, U01DA051018, U01DA051037, U01DA050987, U01 DA041174, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041028, U01DA 041134, U01DA050988, U01DA051039, U01DA041156, U01DA04 1025, U01DA041120, U01DA051038, U01DA041148, U01DA NIH HHS
- R01 AA12217 NIAAA NIH HHS
- T32 AA007477 NIAAA NIH HHS
- R01 DA027261 NIDA NIH HHS
- K01 AA024804 NIAAA NIH HHS
- R37 AA07065 NIAAA NIH HHS
- K01 AA027558 NIAAA NIH HHS
- K01 DA044270 NIDA NIH HHS
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Brislin SJ, Weigard AS, Hardee JE, Cope LM, Martz ME, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Sex Moderates Reward- and Loss-Related Neural Correlates of Triarchic-Model Traits and Antisocial Behavior. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:700-713. [PMID: 35874917 PMCID: PMC9306410 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211054780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in responses to reward and loss are implicated in the etiology of antisocial behavior and psychopathic traits. While there is evidence for sex differences in neural response to reward and loss, it remains unclear how sex differences may moderate links between these neural responses and the phenotypic expression of antisocial behavior and psychopathic traits. This study examined sex differences in associations of neural response to reward and loss with antisocial personality symptoms and psychopathic traits. Functional neuroimaging data were collected during a monetary incentive delay task from 158 participants. Among males, during loss anticipation, activation in the left nucleus accumbens was negatively associated with antisocial behavior. Among females, during loss feedback, activation in the left nucleus accumbens and left amygdala was negatively associated with antisocial behavior. These results suggest that phenotypic sex differences in psychopathic traits and antisocial behavior may in part be attributable to different etiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Brislin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, 8 N Harrison Rd, Richmond VA, 23220, USA
| | - Alexander S. Weigard
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jillian E. Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lora M. Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meghan E. Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Lichenstein SD, Manco N, Cope LM, Egbo L, Garrison KA, Hardee J, Hillmer AT, Reeder K, Stern EF, Worhunsky P, Yip SW. Systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies of cannabis use in adolescence and emerging adulthood: evidence from 90 studies and 9441 participants. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1000-1028. [PMID: 34839363 PMCID: PMC8938408 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use peaks in adolescence, and adolescents may be more vulnerable to the neural effects of cannabis and cannabis-related harms due to ongoing brain development during this period. In light of ongoing cannabis policy changes, increased availability, reduced perceptions of harm, heightened interest in medicinal applications of cannabis, and drastic increases in cannabis potency, it is essential to establish an understanding of cannabis effects on the developing adolescent brain. This systematic review aims to: (1) synthesize extant literature on functional and structural neural alterations associated with cannabis use during adolescence and emerging adulthood; (2) identify gaps in the literature that critically impede our ability to accurately assess the effect of cannabis on adolescent brain function and development; and (3) provide recommendations for future research to bridge these gaps and elucidate the mechanisms underlying cannabis-related harms in adolescence and emerging adulthood, with the long-term goal of facilitating the development of improved prevention, early intervention, and treatment approaches targeting adolescent cannabis users (CU). Based on a systematic search of Medline and PsycInfo and other non-systematic sources, we identified 90 studies including 9441 adolescents and emerging adults (n = 3924 CU, n = 5517 non-CU), which provide preliminary evidence for functional and structural alterations in frontoparietal, frontolimbic, frontostriatal, and cerebellar regions among adolescent cannabis users. Larger, more rigorous studies are essential to reconcile divergent results, assess potential moderators of cannabis effects on the developing brain, disentangle risk factors for use from consequences of exposure, and elucidate the extent to which cannabis effects are reversible with abstinence. Guidelines for conducting this work are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Manco
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leslie Egbo
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | | | - Jillian Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristen Reeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University/Vidant Medical Center, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Elisa F Stern
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Patrick Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Weigard AS, Brislin SJ, Cope LM, Hardee JE, Martz ME, Ly A, Zucker RA, Sripada C, Heitzeg MM. Evidence accumulation and associated error-related brain activity as computationally-informed prospective predictors of substance use in emerging adulthood. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2629-2644. [PMID: 34173032 PMCID: PMC8452274 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Substance use peaks during the developmental period known as emerging adulthood (ages 18-25), but not every individual who uses substances during this period engages in frequent or problematic use. Although individual differences in neurocognition appear to predict use severity, mechanistic neurocognitive risk factors with clear links to both behavior and neural circuitry have yet to be identified. Here, we aim to do so with an approach rooted in computational psychiatry, an emerging field in which formal models are used to identify candidate biobehavioral dimensions that confer risk for psychopathology. OBJECTIVES We test whether lower efficiency of evidence accumulation (EEA), a computationally characterized individual difference variable that drives performance on the go/no-go and other neurocognitive tasks, is a risk factor for substance use in emerging adults. METHODS AND RESULTS In an fMRI substudy within a sociobehavioral longitudinal study (n = 106), we find that lower EEA and reductions in a robust neural-level correlate of EEA (error-related activations in salience network structures) measured at ages 18-21 are both prospectively related to greater substance use during ages 22-26, even after adjusting for other well-known risk factors. Results from Bayesian model comparisons corroborated inferences from conventional hypothesis testing and provided evidence that both EEA and its neuroimaging correlates contain unique predictive information about substance use involvement. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight EEA as a computationally characterized neurocognitive risk factor for substance use during a critical developmental period, with clear links to both neuroimaging measures and well-established formal theories of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Weigard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Meghan E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexander Ly
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Machine Learning Group, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chandra Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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7
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Brislin SJ, Martz ME, Cope LM, Hardee JE, Weigard A, Heitzeg MM. Heterogeneity Within Youth With Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder in the ABCD Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:701199. [PMID: 34335337 PMCID: PMC8322519 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.701199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine if personality traits can be used to characterize subgroups of youth diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder (CD). Participants were 11,552 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Data used in this report came from doi: 10.15154/1504041 (M age 9.92; 45.3% female, 49.6% white, 19.0% Hispanic). A subset of this sample (n = 365) met criteria for CD. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were performed on this subgroup (n = 365) to define profiles of individuals with CD based on self-report measures of impulsivity, punishment sensitivity, reward response, and callous-unemotional traits. Follow up analyses determined if these groups differed on clinically relevant variables including psychopathology, environmental risk factors, social risk factors, and neurocognitive functioning. Participants with a CD diagnosis scored significantly higher on psychological, environmental, social, and neurocognitive risk factors. The LPA revealed three unique profiles, which differed significantly on liability for broad psychopathology and domain-specific liability for externalizing psychopathology but were largely matched on environmental and social risk factors. These unique configurations provide a useful way to further parse clinically relevant subgroups within youth who meet criteria for childhood-onset CD, setting the stage for prospective longitudinal research using these latent profiles to better understand the development of youth with childhood-onset CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Meghan E. Martz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jillian E. Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alexander Weigard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Gheidi A, Cope LM, Fitzpatrick CJ, Froehlich BN, Atkinson R, Groves CK, Barcelo CN, Morrow JD. Effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP-55,940 on incentive salience attribution. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2767-2776. [PMID: 32494975 PMCID: PMC7502542 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pavlovian conditioned approach paradigms are used to characterize the nature of motivational behaviors in response to stimuli as either directed toward the cue (i.e., sign-tracking) or the site of reward delivery (i.e., goal-tracking). Recent evidence has shown that activity of the endocannabinoid system increases dopaminergic activity in the mesocorticolimbic system, and other studies have shown that sign-tracking behaviors are dependent on dopamine. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we hypothesized that administration of a cannabinoid agonist would increase sign-tracking and decrease goal-tracking behaviors. METHODS Forty-seven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a low, medium, or high dose of the cannabinoid agonist CP-55,940 (N = 12 per group) or saline (N = 11) before Pavlovian conditioned approach training. A separate group of rats (N = 32) were sacrificed after PCA training for measurement of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) using in situ hybridization. RESULTS Contrary to our initial hypothesis, CP-55,940 dose-dependently decreased sign-tracking and increased goal-tracking behavior. CB1 expression was higher in sign-trackers compared with that in goal-trackers in the prelimbic cortex, but there were no significant differences in CB1 or FAAH expression in the infralimbic cortex, dorsal or ventral CA1, dorsal or ventral CA3, dorsal or ventral dentate gyrus, or amygdala. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that cannabinoid signaling can specifically influence behavioral biases toward sign- or goal-tracking. Pre-existing differences in CB1 expression patterns, particularly in the prelimbic cortex, could contribute to individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to reward cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gheidi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan,Addiction Center, University of Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Clair N. Barcelo
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan
| | - Jonathan D. Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan,Addiction Center, University of Michigan,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan,Corresponding Author: Jonathan D. Morrow, Biomedical Science Research Building Room 5047, 109 Zina Pitcher Place Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 1-734-764-4283 (phone), 1-734-232-0244 (fax),
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Cope LM, Hardee JE, Martz ME, Zucker RA, Nichols TE, Heitzeg MM. Developmental maturation of inhibitory control circuitry in a high-risk sample: A longitudinal fMRI study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 43:100781. [PMID: 32510344 PMCID: PMC7212183 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this work was to characterize the maturation of inhibitory control brain function from childhood to early adulthood using longitudinal data collected in two cohorts. Methods Functional MRI during a go/no-go task was conducted in 290 participants, with 88 % undergoing repeated scanning at 1- to 2-year intervals. One group entered the study at age 7–13 years (n = 117); the other entered at age 18–23 years (n = 173). 33.1 % of the sample had two parents with a substance use disorder (SUD), 43.8 % had one parent with an SUD, and 23.1 % had no parents with an SUD. 1162 scans were completed, covering ages 7–28, with longitudinal data from the cohorts overlapping across ages 16–21. A marginal model with sandwich estimator standard errors was used to characterize voxel-wise age-related changes in hemodynamic response associated with successful inhibitory control. Results There was significant positive linear activation associated with age in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. No clusters survived thresholding with negative linear, positive or negative quadratic, or positive or negative cubic contrasts. Conclusions These findings extend previous cross-sectional and small-scale longitudinal studies that have observed positive linear developmental trajectories of brain function during inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Meghan E Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Robert A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- University of Oxford, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; University of Warwick, Department of Statistics, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Brislin SJ, Hardee JE, Martz ME, Cope LM, Weigard A, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Alcohol expectancies mediate the association between the neural response to emotional words and alcohol consumption. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107882. [PMID: 32058243 PMCID: PMC7357240 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both positive expectancies regarding the effects of alcohol and internalizing problems, including negative emotionality and deficits in emotion regulation, are known risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The current study is the first to investigate how neural response to emotional stimuli may impact alcohol expectancies and risk for AUD. METHODS Functional neuroimaging data was collected during an emotional word task from 168 emerging adults (M age = 19.65; 66% male). Activation to negative versus neutral words and positive versus neutral words was extracted for analyses. Participants also reported on their alcohol expectancies and information regarding alcohol use and problems was collected prospectively throughout adolescence and into adulthood (up to age 30). RESULTS Decreased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to negative versus neutral words was associated with increased post-scan alcohol consumption, measured as average drinks per year. There was a significant indirect effect of positive alcohol expectancies on the association between IFG activation and post-scan alcohol consumption, even when controlling for quantity of alcohol consumption prior to the scan. CONCLUSIONS These results are the first to provide evidence that positive alcohol expectancies account for variance shared between brain regions associated with emotion processing and increased drinking behaviors. Alcohol expectancies may provide a modifiable target for treatments to decrease the link between deficits in emotion regulation and increased alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Brislin
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jillian E. Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meghan E. Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lora M. Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexander Weigard
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Corresponding Author: Mary M. Heitzeg, Ph.D., University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Martz ME, Cope LM, Hardee JE, Brislin SJ, Weigard A, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Frontostriatal Resting State Functional Connectivity in Resilient and Non-Resilient Adolescents with a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:508-515. [PMID: 31368775 PMCID: PMC6727473 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Youth with parental substance use disorder (family-history positive [FH+]) are at an elevated risk for substance use problems, but not all FH+ youth experience this outcome. Frontostriatal brain networks involved in inhibitory control and reward responsivity underlie risk-taking behaviors, but the role of these networks in substance use heterogeneity among FH+ youth has not been examined. The present study examined resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in frontostriatal networks in FH+ youth with and without risky substance use. Methods: Participants were 36 FH+ adolescents (mean age 14.96 years at the scan date; 36% female) from a longitudinal, community-based functional magnetic resonance imaging study enriched for parental alcohol use disorder. Groups were based on the absence (resilient) or presence (high-risk) of at least one occasion of any substance use by age 14 and also use of at least two different types of substances by the most recent substance use assessment (mean age 16.89 years). Bilateral masks of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the nucleus accumbens were used for seed-based RSFC due to the importance of these regions in executive control and salience networks, respectively. Results: Compared with FH+/high-risk youth, FH+/resilient youth displayed greater connectivity between the left DLPFC seed and the left posterior cingulate cortex. No other brain regions showed significantly different RSFC between resilient and high-risk groups. Conclusion: FH+/resilient youth showed stronger synchrony between brain regions associated with cognitive control, particularly those associated with flexible adaptation of thoughts and behaviors. Although preliminary, the results of this study set the stage for a continued focus on risk-group heterogeneity to better identify neural markers of resilience against substance use problems in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Martz
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jillian E. Hardee
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexander Weigard
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Address correspondence to: Mary M. Heitzeg, PhD, Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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12
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Vincent GM, Cope LM, King J, Nyalakanti P, Kiehl KA. Callous-Unemotional Traits Modulate Brain Drug Craving Response in High-Risk Young Offenders. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2019; 46:993-1009. [PMID: 29130147 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adults with psychopathy have a high propensity for substance abuse, generally starting from a young age. This investigation tested hypotheses about differences in the neural responses associated with drug craving among high-risk young offenders with histories of abuse of stimulants and other drugs as a function of psychopathic traits. Fifty-four male adolescents (44 with a history of stimulant abuse and 10 controls) incarcerated at a maximum-security facility (M age = 17.08 years) completed a drug-cue exposure task while brain hemodynamic activity was monitored using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a mobile MRI scanner stationed at the facility. Psychopathic traits were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). In the stimulant abuser group, drug cues elicited activity in classic reward circuitry. Consistent with studies of adult psychopathic traits and substance abuse, there was a negative association between PCL-YV scores and hemodynamic response related to drug craving in the amygdala and ACC in youth with a history of stimulant abuse. However, there were considerably more negative associations between the PCL:YV and hemodynamic response among youth than adults and this was primarily due to callous-unemotional traits rather than interpersonal or behavioral traits. The implications for how personality traits modulate motivations for drug-seeking behavior among adolescent offenders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, Law & Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 222 Maple Ave, Chang Building, Shrewsbury, MA, 01545, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Lora M Cope
- Addiction Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jean King
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | | | - Kent A Kiehl
- Lovelace Biomedical, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA. .,Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience and Law, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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13
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Downs BM, Cope LM, Fackler MJ, Cho S, Wolff AC, Regan MM, Sukumar S, Umbricht CB. Abstract P5-12-04: A new method of data analysis to derive DNA methylation signatures that stratify risk of recurrence in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-12-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10-17% of all breast cancer and is more likely to be of higher histological grade, poorly differentiated, associated with a higher recurrence rate and with decreased overall survival. The clinical course of a TNBC patient remains difficult to predict, as tumors with homogenous morphological characteristics may vary in response to therapy and have divergent outcomes. Therefore, additional analytical methods are needed to better classify TNBC. Our goal is to refine the analysis of methylome datasets to derive reliable molecular signatures that can distinguish TNBC patients with good outcomes who may benefit from less aggressive treatment, from those with poor outcomes who would be candidates for more aggressive treatments.
Methods: Our laboratory has conducted and reported, in this meeting, results from analysis of 450k methylation array data on a discovery set of 53 high-risk TNBC cases and 62 low-risk controls treated by locoregional therapy alone, as well as 5 normal breast tissue samples. High-risk cases were defined as patients that relapsed within 0.5 to 6.5 years from the time of diagnosis, while low-risk controls had no relapse and >4 year recurrence-free intervals (RFI). In this work, we devised and applied a novel methylation biomarker discovery program named Hypermethylated Outlier Detector (HOD) that emphasizes the selection of highly methylated markers in cases compared to controls, to find a high-risk signature in the TNBC discovery set. The methylation signature identified by HOD was interrogated in a test set of 50 TNBCs (with 16 recurrences) that did not receive chemotherapy, and in a second test set of 131 TNBCs (with 33 recurrences) that did receive chemotherapy.
Results: HOD identified 39 hypermethylated markers (beta >0.20) that could accurately distinguish between the high-risk cases and the low-risk controls in the discovery set of TNBCs (n=115) treated with locoregional therapy alone. In the test set of TNBC (n=50) with no chemotherapy the 39 markers distinguished high from low risk individuals (likelihood ratio test P=0.049). In a second test set of TNBC (n=131) that received chemotherapy the 39 hypermethylated markers again distinguished high from low risk individuals (likelihood ratio test P=0.0043).
Conclusions: We have presented evidence that a methylation signature identified by HOD can be used to identify TNBC patients that have a high-risk of relapse regardless of receiving chemotherapy. This methylation signature could potentially be used to inform physician decisions on therapeutic strategies for TNBC patients. This could ultimately lead to less aggressive treatment given to patients possessing a methylation profile consistent with a better prognosis. Conversely, patients with hypermethylation in the 39 markers will likely benefit from a more aggressive course of treatment.
Citation Format: Downs BM, Cope LM, Fackler MJ, Cho S, Wolff AC, Regan MM, Sukumar S, Umbricht CB. A new method of data analysis to derive DNA methylation signatures that stratify risk of recurrence in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-12-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- BM Downs
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - LM Cope
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - MJ Fackler
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S Cho
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - AC Wolff
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - MM Regan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S Sukumar
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - CB Umbricht
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Fackler MJ, Cho SS, Cope LM, Gabrielson E, Wilsbach K, Lynch C, Marks JR, Geradts J, Regan MM, Viale G, Wolff AC, Umbricht CB, Sukumar S. Abstract P4-08-09: DNA methylation markers predict recurrence-free interval in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-08-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Chemotherapy remains the treatment mainstay for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nevertheless, randomized trials have shown that not all TNBC require it, nor does it benefit all patients that receive it. Molecular tools to risk-stratify TNBC are currently lacking. In light of the importance of epigenetic processes modulating gene expression, we performed an array-based genome-wide DNA methylation search in well-documented institutional and clinical trial cohorts of TNBC for markers that can distinguish breast cancers with a favorable natural history from those with a high risk of recurrence.
METHODS. We performed an array-based genome-wide DNA methylation survey of well-documented institutional and clinical trial cohorts of TNBC and conducted molecular marker discovery on institutional TNBCs (115 patient samples; 53 recurrences) treated by locoregional therapy (LRT) alone. The identified hypermethylated gene signatures were then tested in a TNBC cohort (50 patient samples; 16 recurrences) from the no chemotherapy arms of IBCSG trials VIII and IX, and in a separate combined cohort of TNBCs (131 patient samples; 33 recurrences) treated with chemotherapy from an institutional repository and from IBCSG trials VIII and IX. Cross platform validation was conducted using quantitative multiplexed methylation specific PCR (QM-MSP) on hypermethylated markers in samples from both the Discovery Set and IBCSG LRT Test Set.
RESULTS. We identified methylation signatures in the discovery cohort consisting of 100 or 30 CpG probes that discriminated patients who remained recurrence-free from those with recurrent disease. These signatures were then tested in the IBCSG no chemotherapy cohort, and we found that hypermethylation was associated with shorter recurrence-free interval (RFI). A significant association of both 100 CpG (P<0.0001) and 30 CpG (P=0.0021) signatures with shorter RFI was found in the combined institutional and IBCSG chemotherapy cohort. We observed an enrichment of methylation probes residing on chromosome 19, particularly within 19q13.41-43, that significantly correlated with RFI following chemotherapy. QM-MSP results reflected that of the methylation array [Spearman correlation coefficient of r = 0.495 (P = 0.0009)] indicating that the relationship between high methylation and short RFI is detectable independent of analytical platform. We also observed enrichment for Chromosome 19-specific probes within the 100 and 30 probe sets. While only 5% of all CpG markers are located within Chr19, 15% of the 100 CpG set, 37% of the 30 CpG set, and 47% of the 17 CpGs that are statistically significantly correlated with RFI in the chemotherapy group reside on the Chr19, mostly within 19q13.41-43.
CONCLUSIONS. Methylation markers may be of prognostic importance in TNBC and our findings should be validated in additional clinical trial cohorts.
Citation Format: Fackler MJ, Cho SS, Cope LM, Gabrielson E, Wilsbach K, Lynch C, Marks JR, Geradts J, Regan MM, Viale G, Wolff AC, Umbricht CB, Sukumar S. DNA methylation markers predict recurrence-free interval in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Fackler
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - SS Cho
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - LM Cope
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - E Gabrielson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - K Wilsbach
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - C Lynch
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - JR Marks
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - J Geradts
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - MM Regan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - G Viale
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - AC Wolff
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - CB Umbricht
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - S Sukumar
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Purpose of review Two developmental courses through which alcohol use disorder (AUD) may emerge include externalizing and internalizing pathways. We review recent neuroimaging studies of potential neural risk factors for AUD and link findings to potential behavioral risk factors for AUD. Recent findings There is evidence that early-emerging weakness in prefrontal functioning and later-emerging differences in reward-system functioning contribute to an externalizing risk pathway. Stress may be an important contributor in the internalizing pathway through a blunting of reward-related activation, which may act alone or in combination with heightened emotion-related reactivity. Summary This review highlights areas for future work, including investigation of the relative balance between prefrontal and subcortical circuitry, attention to stages of AUD, and consideration of environmental factors such as stress and sleep. Particularly important is longitudinal work to understand the temporal ordering of associations among brain maturation, behavioral risk, and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lora M Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Meghan E Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
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Meldrum RC, Trucco EM, Cope LM, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Brain Activity, Low Self-Control, and Delinquency: An fMRI Study of At-Risk Adolescents. J Crim Justice 2018; 56:107-117. [PMID: 29773923 PMCID: PMC5951637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A vast literature finds that low self-control is associated with a myriad of antisocial behaviors. Consequently, increasing attention has focused on the causes of low self-control. While criminologists have directed significant attention to studying its social causes, fewer studies have considered its neural bases. METHODS We add to this nascent body of research by using data collected on an at-risk sample of adolescents participating in the ongoing Michigan Longitudinal Study. We examine the functioning of prefrontal and limbic regions of the brain during failed inhibitory control, assessed using the go/no-go task and functional magnetic resonance imaging, in relation to low self-control and self-reported delinquency. RESULTS Results indicate that greater activation localized in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during failed inhibitory control is negatively associated with low self-control. Moreover, the association between ACC activity and later delinquency is mediated through low self-control. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study demonstrate the utility of integrating neuroscientific and criminological perspectives on the causes of antisocial behavior. Concluding remarks address the theoretical and policy implications of the findings, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Charles Meldrum
- Florida International University, Department of Criminal Justice, 11200 SW 8th Street, PCA-364B, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Florida International University, Department of Psychology, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC1-237, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Lora M Cope
- University of Michigan, Addiction Center and Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, 2901H, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Addiction Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, 4250 Plymouth Road, 2901F, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Addiction Center and Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, 2901D, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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17
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Trucco EM, Cope LM, Burmeister M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Pathways to Youth Behavior: The Role of Genetic, Neural, and Behavioral Markers. J Res Adolesc 2018; 28:26-39. [PMID: 29460350 PMCID: PMC5823277 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Neural and temperamental mechanisms through which a genetic risk marker in the γ-amino butyric acid α2 receptor subunit (GABRA2) impacts adolescent functioning were investigated. Participants (N = 80; 29 female) completed an emotional word task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral control, negative emotionality, and resiliency temperament constructs were assessed. Externalizing and internalizing problems were the outcomes. Those with the GABRA2 minor allele had reduced activation to positive words in the angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum, and to negative words in frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Reduced activation in the angular gyrus predicted greater negative emotionality and, in turn, elevated externalizing problems. Reduced activation in the inferior parietal cortex predicted greater resiliency and, in turn, low externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, USA
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18
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Fackler MJ, Downs BM, Mercado-Rodriguez C, Cimino-Mathews A, Chen C, Yuan J, Cope LM, Kohlway A, Kocmond K, Lai E, Weidler J, Visvanathan K, Umbricht CB, Harvey S, Wolff AC, Bates M, Sukumar S. Abstract P6-03-07: An automated DNA methylation assay (QM-MSP) for rapid breast cancer diagnosis in underdeveloped countries. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p6-03-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Underdeveloped countries reported 882,900 new cases of breast cancer and 324,000 deaths in 2012, likely to be a gross underestimation according to recent reports. Often, mammography screening is not available, primary care services are limited, and pathology and treatment services are available only in the regional hospitals. Because of the lack of access to diagnostic and treatment services, it is estimated that more than 90% of patients with breast cancer never present for medical treatment. To address this situation, an accurate, easy-to-perform diagnostic test appropriate for use in remote clinics is desperately needed. Johns Hopkins (JH) and Cepheid partnered to translate a robust Quantitative Multiplex Methylation-Specific PCR (QM-MSP) assay to an automated, cartridge-based system that provides quantitative measures of DNA methylation within hours of fine needle aspiration or core biopsy of image-detected suspicious lesions.
METHODS: With a goal of discriminating malignant from benign breast disease with high sensitivity and specificity, we evaluated 24 breast cancer-specific DNA methylation markers (selected through comprehensive methylome analysis) in 119 invasive ductal carcinomas and 186 benign breast tissues. QM-MSP was performed on sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues to quantify DNA methylation. The dynamic range and performance of quantitative methylation detection was tested using a subset of 9 genes in the cartridge-based system.
RESULTS: QM-MSP was performed in a Training set consisting of 93 tissues [n=43 IDC, n=50 benign lesions (25 usual ductal hyperplasia, UDH, and 25 papilloma)] from the US. We selected 9 DNA markers significantly (p<0.05) more methylated in malignant compared to benign lesions, which had low or no methylation. An independent Test set consisted of benign (n=26) and malignant (n=10) tissues (mostly Caucasian; JH Test Set). As a panel, the 9 markers were significantly more methylated in malignant than benign tissue (p<0.001), revealing a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 92%, using a laboratory cutoff of 9.5 CMI units (900 unit scale) based on receiver operator characteristic statistics (ROC; p<0.0001, AUC=0.977). To determine if the markers characterized in the JH Test Set could perform as well in samples from a different geography, the panel was tested on 176 tissues from Wuhan, China (China Test Set). In this cohort (66 IDC and 110 benign tissues - 49 fibroadenoma, 19 benign cyst, 12 UDH, 30 papilloma), sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 89% for detection of breast cancer with ROC AUC=0.945. An advanced version of the cartridge with up to 12 methylated DNA markers is under development, thus far showing robust signals in cancer and low background in benign tissues. Current work at JH is focused on optimizing the technical performance of the cartridge.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified a panel of methylated DNA markers that discriminate malignant from benign breast lesions and built a prototype automated cartridge-based assay with promising sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer. Such an assay has the potential to aid in specimen triage in the pathology lab and provide fast, low cost and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer in LMIC settings.
Citation Format: Fackler MJ, Downs BM, Mercado-Rodriguez C, Cimino-Mathews A, Chen C, Yuan J, Cope LM, Kohlway A, Kocmond K, Lai E, Weidler J, Visvanathan K, Umbricht CB, Harvey S, Wolff AC, Bates M, Sukumar S. An automated DNA methylation assay (QM-MSP) for rapid breast cancer diagnosis in underdeveloped countries [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Fackler
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - BM Downs
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - C Mercado-Rodriguez
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - A Cimino-Mathews
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - C Chen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - J Yuan
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - LM Cope
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - A Kohlway
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - K Kocmond
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - E Lai
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - J Weidler
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - K Visvanathan
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - CB Umbricht
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - S Harvey
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - AC Wolff
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - M Bates
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - S Sukumar
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cephied, Sunnyvale, CA
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Dotterer HL, Waller R, Cope LM, Hicks BM, Nigg JT, Zucker RA, Hyde LW. Concurrent and developmental correlates of psychopathic traits using a triarchic psychopathy model approach. J Abnorm Psychol 2017; 126:859-876. [PMID: 29106272 PMCID: PMC5687302 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathy refers to a heterogeneous set of harmful dark traits and behaviors, including superficial charm, callousness, irresponsibility, and antisocial behavior. The triarchic psychopathy model (TriPM) posits that psychopathy is the combination of 3 traits: boldness, disinhibition, and meanness. However, little research has examined the concurrent and developmental correlates of these traits. We developed TriPM scales from the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised using an empirical-derived approach in a high-risk sample of 561 young adults (ages 17-25; 70.2% male). Concurrent correlates and developmental precursors of each scale were examined longitudinally using cross-informant reports from 3 critical developmental periods (ages 3-5; 9-11; 15-17). Using this approach, we identified consistent developmental precursors and concurrent correlates of boldness, including lower reactive control, fewer internalizing traits, and greater resiliency. Additionally, starting in adolescence we found that disinhibition was related to lower reactive control, more externalizing problems, substance use, and internalizing traits. Finally, although meanness demonstrated some expected concurrent relationships with criterion variables in early adulthood (e.g., lower adaptive functioning), we identified few consistent developmental precursors of meanness. Thus, a NEO-based approach to measuring the TriPM was successful in delineating boldness, disinhibition, and, to a lesser extent, meanness cross-sectionally during early adulthood. However, only boldness showed relative stability from developmental precursors in early childhood to our TriPM scale in early adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
| | | | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University
| | | | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
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Hardee JE, Cope LM, Munier EC, Welsh RC, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Sex differences in the development of emotion circuitry in adolescents at risk for substance abuse: a longitudinal fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:965-975. [PMID: 28338724 PMCID: PMC5472107 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence for behavioral sex differences in risk trajectories for alcohol and substance use, with internalizing factors such as negative affectivity contributing more to female risk. Because the neural development of emotion circuitry varies between males and females across adolescence, it represents a potential mechanism by which underlying neurobiology contributes to risk for substance use. Longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted in males and females (n = 18 each) with a family history of alcohol use disorders starting at ages 8-13 years. Participants performed an affective word task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at 1- to 2-year intervals, covering the age range of 8.5-17.6 years (3-4 scans per participant). Significant age-related sex differences were found in the right amygdala and right precentral gyrus for the negative vs neutral word condition. Males showed a significant decrease in both amygdala and precentral gyrus activation with age, whereas the response in females persisted. The subjective experience of internalizing symptomatology significantly increased with age for females but not for males. Taken together, these results reveal sex differences in negative affect processing in at-risk adolescents, and offer longitudinal neural evidence for female substance use risk through internalizing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E. Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Department of Psychiatry
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily C. Munier
- Department of Psychiatry
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C. Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Cope LM, Munier EC, Trucco EM, Hardee JE, Burmeister M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Effects of the serotonin transporter gene, sensitivity of response to alcohol, and parental monitoring on risk for problem alcohol use. Alcohol 2017; 59:7-16. [PMID: 28262188 PMCID: PMC5340078 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been previously associated with alcohol-related risk. Most findings point to short (S) allele carriers being at increased risk for negative alcohol outcomes relative to long allele homozygotes, although some work indicates a more complex relationship. The current prospective study aimed to clarify how and under what circumstances variations in 5-HTTLPR transmit risk for various alcohol-related outcomes. Participants were 218 adolescents and young adults (29% female) enrolled in the Michigan Longitudinal Study. We tested a moderated mediation model with 5-HTTLPR as the predictor, Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) score as the mediator, alcohol-related outcomes as the dependent variables, parental monitoring as the moderator of the SRE to alcohol outcomes path, and prior drinks, sex, age, and body mass index as covariates. Four alcohol-related outcomes were tested. The S allele was associated with higher SRE scores (i.e., lower response to alcohol). Parental monitoring was a significant moderator: At low levels of parental monitoring, higher SRE scores predicted more drinks consumed and binge drinking episodes. At high levels of monitoring, higher SRE scores were significantly related to fewer alcohol-related problems. Findings suggest that one mechanism by which 5-HTTLPR variation transmits alcohol-related risk is through level of response to alcohol. Furthermore, the strength and direction of this effect varied by level of parental monitoring, indicating that even in the presence of genetic and physiological vulnerability, parents can influence the likelihood of offspring developing problematic alcohol-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Emily C Munier
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Margit Burmeister
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Human Genetics, 1241 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Robert A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Cope LM, Hardee JE, Soules ME, Burmeister M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Reduced brain activation during inhibitory control in children with COMT Val/Val genotype. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00577. [PMID: 28032000 PMCID: PMC5167006 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioral undercontrol is a well-established risk factor for substance use disorder, identifiable at an early age well before the onset of substance use. However, the biological mechanistic structure underlying the behavioral undercontrol/substance use relationship is not well understood. The enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) catabolizes dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, brain regions involved in behavioral control. The goal of this work was to investigate the association between genetic variation in COMT functioning and fronto-striatal brain functioning during successful inhibitory control, a critical aspect of behavioral control. METHODS Participants were 65 (22 female) 7-12 year olds who were genotyped for the functional COMT Val158Met (rs4680) single-nucleotide polymorphism and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a go/no-go task. The majority of the sample (80%) had at least one parent with a history of alcohol use disorder and were thus at heightened risk for substance use disorders. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of genotype on brain activation in left and right putamen during successful versus failed inhibition and in right inferior frontal gyrus/insula during successful inhibition versus baseline. Follow-up tests revealed that Met homozygotes had greater activation in each region relative to Val homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These results are relevant for understanding how specific genes influence brain functioning related to underlying risk factors for substance use disorders and other disinhibitory psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mary E Soules
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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Martz ME, Trucco EM, Cope LM, Hardee JE, Jester JM, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Association of Marijuana Use With Blunted Nucleus Accumbens Response to Reward Anticipation. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:838-44. [PMID: 27384542 PMCID: PMC4972653 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Marijuana use may alter ventral striatal response to reward, which might heighten susceptibility to substance use disorder. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the effects of marijuana use on neural function involved in reward response. OBJECTIVE To determine whether marijuana use among young adults prospectively affects nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activation during reward anticipation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred eight young adults were recruited from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, an ongoing study of youth at high risk for substance use disorder and a contrast sample of control families. Participants underwent 3 consecutive functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at approximate ages of 20 (time 1), 22 (time 2), and 24 (time 3) years. Self-report data on marijuana and other drug use occasions were collected annually since age 11 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cross-lagged models were used to test the association of marijuana use with neural response in the NAcc to reward anticipation during a monetary incentive delay task controlling for sex, age, other substance use, and family history of substance use disorder. RESULTS Of 108 participants, 39 (36.1%) were female and mean (SD) age at baseline was 20.1 (1.4) years. Greater marijuana use was associated with later blunted activation in the NAcc during reward anticipation (time 1 to time 2: β = -0.26, P = .04; time 2 to time 3: β = -0.25, P = .01). When the cross-lagged model was tested with the inclusion of previous and concurrent cigarette use, the effect of marijuana use from time 2 to time 3 remained significant (β = -0.29; P = .005) and the effect of cigarette use was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study indicate that marijuana use is associated with decreased neural response in the NAcc during the anticipation of nondrug rewards. Over time, marijuana use may alter anticipatory reward processing in the NAcc, which may increase the risk for continued drug use and later addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Martz
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Elisa M. Trucco
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jillian E. Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Jester
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Baskin-Sommers AR, Neumann CS, Cope LM, Kiehl KA. Latent-variable modeling of brain gray-matter volume and psychopathy in incarcerated offenders. J Abnorm Psychol 2016; 125:811-7. [PMID: 27269123 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advanced statistical modeling has become a prominent feature in psychological science and can be a useful approach for representing the neural architecture linked to psychopathology. Psychopathy, a disorder characterized by dysfunction in interpersonal-affective and impulsive-antisocial domains, is associated with widespread neural abnormalities. Several imaging studies suggest that underlying structural deficits in paralimbic regions are associated with psychopathy. Although these studies are useful, they make assumptions about the organization of the brain and its relevance to individuals displaying psychopathic features. Capitalizing on statistical modeling, in the present study (N = 254), we used latent-variable methods to examine the structure of gray-matter volume in male offenders, and assessed the latent relations between psychopathy and gray-matter factors reflecting paralimbic and nonparalimbic regions. Results revealed good fit for a 4-factor gray-matter paralimbic model and these first-order factors were accounted for by a superordinate paralimbic "system" factor. Moreover, a superordinate psychopathy factor significantly predicted the paralimbic, but not the nonparalimbic factor. The latent-variable paralimbic model, specifically linked with psychopathy, goes beyond understanding single brain regions within the system and provides evidence for psychopathy-related gray-matter volume reductions in the paralimbic system as a whole. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico
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Maurer JM, Steele VR, Cope LM, Vincent GM, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Dysfunctional error-related processing in incarcerated youth with elevated psychopathic traits. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:70-7. [PMID: 26930170 PMCID: PMC4961041 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult psychopathic offenders show an increased propensity towards violence, impulsivity, and recidivism. A subsample of youth with elevated psychopathic traits represent a particularly severe subgroup characterized by extreme behavioral problems and comparable neurocognitive deficits as their adult counterparts, including perseveration deficits. Here, we investigate response-locked event-related potential (ERP) components (the error-related negativity [ERN/Ne] related to early error-monitoring processing and the error-related positivity [Pe] involved in later error-related processing) in a sample of incarcerated juvenile male offenders (n=100) who performed a response inhibition Go/NoGo task. Psychopathic traits were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). The ERN/Ne and Pe were analyzed with classic windowed ERP components and principal component analysis (PCA). Using linear regression analyses, PCL:YV scores were unrelated to the ERN/Ne, but were negatively related to Pe mean amplitude. Specifically, the PCL:YV Facet 4 subscale reflecting antisocial traits emerged as a significant predictor of reduced amplitude of a subcomponent underlying the Pe identified with PCA. This is the first evidence to suggest a negative relationship between adolescent psychopathy scores and Pe mean amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Psychology; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Psychology; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Gina M Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Electrical Engineering; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, United States of America
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Psychology; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
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Heitzeg MM, Cope LM, Martz ME, Hardee JE, Zucker RA. Brain activation to negative stimuli mediates a relationship between adolescent marijuana use and later emotional functioning. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 16:71-83. [PMID: 26403581 PMCID: PMC4691419 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the impact of heavy marijuana use during adolescence on emotional functioning, as well as the brain functional mediators of this effect. Participants (n=40) were recruited from the Michigan Longitudinal Study (MLS). Data on marijuana use were collected prospectively beginning in childhood as part of the MLS. Participants were classified as heavy marijuana users (n=20) or controls with minimal marijuana use. Two facets of emotional functioning-negative emotionality and resiliency (a self-regulatory mechanism)-were assessed as part of the MLS at three time points: mean age 13.4, mean age 19.6, and mean age 23.1. Functional neuroimaging data during an emotion-arousal word task were collected at mean age 20.2. Negative emotionality decreased and resiliency increased across the three time points in controls but not heavy marijuana users. Compared with controls, heavy marijuana users had less activation to negative words in temporal, prefrontal, and occipital cortices, insula, and amygdala. Activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to negative words mediated an association between marijuana group and later negative emotionality. Activation of the cuneus/lingual gyrus mediated an association between marijuana group and later resiliency. Results support growing evidence that heavy marijuana use during adolescence affects later emotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Meghan E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 2044 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 2044 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
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Heitzeg MM, Cope LM, Martz ME, Hardee JE. Neuroimaging Risk Markers for Substance Abuse: Recent Findings on Inhibitory Control and Reward System Functioning. Curr Addict Rep 2015; 2:91-103. [PMID: 26236575 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-015-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rates of alcohol and other drug use rise sharply throughout adolescence and peak in the early 20s. Likewise, prevalence of first-time substance use disorder (SUD) and past-year SUD both peak between ages 18-23. SUD is associated with a host of negative outcomes and is a serious health concern. Understanding the mechanisms that precede the onset and escalation of substance use is crucial in order to develop more effective prevention and intervention strategies for children and adolescents at risk for SUD. In this review, we discuss recent findings from functional neuroimaging studies in children, adolescents, and emerging adults that focus on uncovering the neural underpinnings of SUD risk. The focus is on inhibitory control and reward circuitry due to their involvement in risk-taking behaviors, which are heightened in adolescence and may facilitate substance use. We discuss convergences in the literature and highlight findings suggesting that the association between SUD risk and neurofunctioning may be moderated by age, gender, and history of substance use. Recommendations for future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meghan E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA ; Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, 2044 East Hall, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Cope LM, Ermer E, Gaudet LM, Steele VR, Eckhardt AL, Arbabshirani MR, Caldwell MF, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Abnormal brain structure in youth who commit homicide. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 4:800-7. [PMID: 24936430 PMCID: PMC4055901 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence that leads to homicide results in an extreme financial and emotional burden on society. Juveniles who commit homicide are often tried in adult court and typically spend the majority of their lives in prison. Despite the enormous costs associated with homicidal behavior, there have been no serious neuroscientific studies examining youth who commit homicide. METHODS Here we use neuroimaging and voxel-based morphometry to examine brain gray matter in incarcerated male adolescents who committed homicide (n = 20) compared with incarcerated offenders who did not commit homicide (n = 135). Two additional control groups were used to understand further the nature of gray matter differences: incarcerated offenders who did not commit homicide matched on important demographic and psychometric variables (n = 20) and healthy participants from the community (n = 21). RESULTS Compared with incarcerated adolescents who did not commit homicide (n = 135), incarcerated homicide offenders had reduced gray matter volumes in the medial and lateral temporal lobes, including the hippocampus and posterior insula. Feature selection and support vector machine learning classified offenders into the homicide and non-homicide groups with 81% overall accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that brain structural differences may help identify those at the highest risk for committing serious violent offenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cope
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - E Ermer
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, P.O. Box 701, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
| | - L M Gaudet
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - V R Steele
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - A L Eckhardt
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - M R Arbabshirani
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - M F Caldwell
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; Mendota Mental Health Institute, 301 Troy Dr., Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - V D Calhoun
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - K A Kiehl
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA ; University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Cope LM, Vincent GM, Jobelius JL, Nyalakanti PK, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Psychopathic traits modulate brain responses to drug cues in incarcerated offenders. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:87. [PMID: 24605095 PMCID: PMC3932519 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroscientific evidence indicates that psychopathy is associated with abnormal function and structure in limbic and paralimbic areas. Psychopathy and substance use disorders are highly comorbid, but clinical experience suggests that psychopaths abuse drugs for different reasons than non-psychopaths, and that psychopaths do not typically experience withdrawal and craving upon becoming incarcerated. These neurobiological abnormalities may be related to psychopaths' different motivations for—and symptoms of—drug use. This study examined the modulatory effect of psychopathic traits on the neurobiological craving response to pictorial drug stimuli. Drug-related pictures and neutral pictures were presented and rated by participants while hemodynamic activity was monitored using functional magnetic resonance imaging. These data were collected at two correctional facilities in New Mexico using the Mind Research Network mobile magnetic resonance imaging system. The sample comprised 137 incarcerated adult males and females (93 females) with histories of substance dependence. The outcome of interest was the relation between psychopathy scores (using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised) and hemodynamic activity associated with viewing drug-related pictures vs. neutral pictures. There was a negative association between psychopathy scores and hemodynamic activity for viewing drug-related cues in the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, globus pallidus, and parts of the prefrontal cortex. Psychopathic traits modulate the neurobiological craving response and suggest that individual differences are important for understanding and treating substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA ; The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gina M Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA ; The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Ermer E, Cope LM, Nyalakanti PK, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Aberrant paralimbic gray matter in incarcerated male adolescents with psychopathic traits. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:94-103.e3. [PMID: 23265637 PMCID: PMC3549663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between brain structure and psychopathic traits in maximum-security incarcerated male adolescents, and to examine whether the associations between brain volumes in paralimbic and limbic regions and psychopathic traits observed in incarcerated adult men extend to an independent sample of incarcerated male adolescents. METHOD A structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of regional gray matter volumes by using voxel-based morphometry in maximum-security incarcerated male adolescents (N = 218) assessed for psychopathic traits using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version (PCL-YV). All analyses controlled for effects of age, substance use, and brain size. RESULTS Consistent with hypotheses and the adult literature, psychopathic traits were associated with decreased regional gray matter volumes in diffuse paralimbic regions, including orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral temporal poles, and posterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS These results strengthen the interpretation that paralimbic regions are central for understanding neural dysfunction associated with psychopathic traits and that psychopathy is best conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Cope LM, Shane MS, Segall JM, Nyalakanti PK, Stevens MC, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Examining the effect of psychopathic traits on gray matter volume in a community substance abuse sample. Psychiatry Res 2012; 204:91-100. [PMID: 23217577 PMCID: PMC3536442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathy is believed to be associated with brain abnormalities in both paralimbic (i.e., orbitofrontal cortex, insula, temporal pole, parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate) and limbic (i.e., amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate) regions. Recent structural imaging studies in both community and prison samples are beginning to support this view. Sixty-six participants, recruited from community corrections centers, were administered the Hare psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R), and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphometry was used to test the hypothesis that psychopathic traits would be associated with gray matter reductions in limbic and paralimbic regions. Effects of lifetime drug and alcohol use on gray matter volume were covaried. Psychopathic traits were negatively associated with gray matter volumes in right insula and right hippocampus. Additionally, psychopathic traits were positively associated with gray matter volumes in bilateral orbital frontal cortex and right anterior cingulate. Exploratory regression analyses indicated that gray matter volumes within right hippocampus and left orbital frontal cortex combined to explain 21.8% of the variance in psychopathy scores. These results support the notion that psychopathic traits are associated with abnormal limbic and paralimbic gray matter volume. Furthermore, gray matter increases in areas shown to be functionally impaired suggest that the structure-function relationship may be more nuanced than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M. Cope
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA,Corresponding Author: Lora M. Cope, M.S., Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, and The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, 505-272-0211 (office), 505-272-8002 (fax),
| | - Matthew S. Shane
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Judith M. Segall
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Prashanth K. Nyalakanti
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Michael C. Stevens
- Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA,Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1100, 1 University of New Mexico, ECE Bldg., Room 125, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA,Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4740, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Kent A. Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA,Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4740, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Ermer E, Cope LM, Nyalakanti PK, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Aberrant paralimbic gray matter in criminal psychopathy. J Abnorm Psychol 2011; 121:649-58. [PMID: 22149911 DOI: 10.1037/a0026371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychopaths impose large costs on society, as they are frequently habitual, violent criminals. The pervasive nature of emotional and behavioral symptoms in psychopathy suggests that several associated brain regions may contribute to the disorder. Studies employing a variety of methods have converged on a set of brain regions in paralimbic cortex and limbic areas that appear to be dysfunctional in psychopathy. The present study further tests this hypothesis by investigating structural abnormalities using voxel-based morphometry in a sample of incarcerated men (N=296). Psychopathy was associated with decreased regional gray matter in several paralimbic and limbic areas, including bilateral parahippocampal, amygdala, and hippocampal regions, bilateral temporal pole, posterior cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. The consistent identification of paralimbic cortex and limbic structures in psychopathy across diverse methodologies strengthens the interpretation that these regions are crucial for understanding neural dysfunction in psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ermer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA.
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Cope LM, Schaich Borg J, Harenski CL, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Lieberman D, Nyalakanti PK, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Hemispheric Asymmetries during Processing of Immoral Stimuli. Front Evol Neurosci 2010; 2:110. [PMID: 21344009 PMCID: PMC3034229 DOI: 10.3389/fnevo.2010.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary approaches to dissecting our psychological architecture underscore the importance of both function and structure. Here we focus on both the function and structure of our neural circuitry and report a functional bilateral asymmetry associated with the processing of immoral stimuli. Many processes in the human brain are associated with functional specialization unique to one hemisphere. With respect to emotions, most research points to right-hemispheric lateralization. Here we provide evidence that not all emotional stimuli share right-hemispheric lateralization. Across three studies employing different paradigms, the processing of negative morally laden stimuli was found to be highly left-lateralized. Regions of engagement common to the three studies include the left medial prefrontal cortex, left temporoparietal junction, and left posterior cingulate. These data support the hypothesis that processing of immoral stimuli preferentially engages left hemispheric processes and sheds light on our evolved neural architecture.
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Silverstein MJ, Gierson ED, Colburn WJ, Cope LM, Furmanski M, Senofsky GM, Gamagami P, Waisman JR. Can intraductal breast carcinoma be excised completely by local excision? Clinical and pathologic predictors. Cancer 1994; 73:2985-9. [PMID: 8199995 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940615)73:12<2985::aid-cncr2820731216>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopic evaluation of excised intraductal breast carcinoma (DCIS) specimens using a serial subgross technique reveals that in many patients the lesion is larger than expected, often making complete excision impossible with less than a true quadrantectomy. Data is presented on 181 patients with DCIS in whom the initial biopsy was performed using a more cosmetic wide local excision rather than a true quadrantectomy. METHODS Clear margins were defined as no tumor within 1 mm of any inked or dyed margin. All of these patients subsequently underwent mastectomy or reexcision of the initial biopsy site. This allowed pathologic evaluation for residual disease. RESULTS At mastectomy or reexcision, 76% of patients with initially involved margins had residual DCIS, as did 43% of patients with initially clear margins (P < 0.0001). Larger tumor size was a statistically significant predictor of initial margin involvement and residual DCIS (P < 0.05). Patients with comedo-DCIS had a greater tendency toward positive initial histologic margins and residual DCIS, but this trend was not statistically significant (P < 0.1). CONCLUSION DCIS presents major problems to both surgeons and pathologists. It is difficult to excise completely using a wide local excision. Histologically negative margins do not guarantee that residual DCIS has not been left behind. Inadequate excision of the primary lesions may be the most important cause of local failure after conservative treatment for intraductal breast carcinoma.
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