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Vrech DE, Peretti AV, Prendini L, Mattoni CI. Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage. American Museum Novitates 2022. [DOI: 10.1206/3993.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Vrech
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, CONICET – FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo V. Peretti
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, CONICET – FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Arachnology Lab and Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | - Camilo I. Mattoni
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, CONICET – FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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2
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Seiter M, Strobl L, Schwaha T, Prendini L, Schramm FD. Morphometry of the pedipalp patella provides new characters for species-level taxonomy in whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi): A test case with description of a new species of Phrynus. ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Seiter M, Schwaha T, Prendini L, Gorb SN, Wolff JO. Cerotegument microstructure of whip spiders (Amblypygi: Euamblypygi Weygoldt, 1996) reveals characters for systematics from family to species level. J Morphol 2022; 283:428-445. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seiter
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Unit Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna Austria
- Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Schwaha
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Unit Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY USA
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten, 1‐9, 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jonas O. Wolff
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
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4
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Botero-Trujillo R, Ochoa JA, Prendini L. A New Troglomorphic, Leaf-litter Scorpion from Ecuador (Troglotayosicidae: Troglotayosicus). American Museum Novitates 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/3981.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Botero-Trujillo
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - José A. Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco; Sección Aracnología, Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Cusco
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
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5
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Prendini L, Ehrenthal VL, Loria SF. Systematics of the Relictual Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, with a Review of Cavernicolous, Troglobitic, and Troglomorphic Scorpions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.453.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Valentin L. Ehrenthal
- Section of Arachmology & Myriapodology, Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Zoological Museum, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change; Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie F. Loria
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology; Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History
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Engel MS, Ceríaco LMP, Daniel GM, Dellapé PM, Löbl I, Marinov M, Reis RE, Young MT, Dubois A, Agarwal I, Lehmann A. P, Alvarado M, Alvarez N, Andreone F, Araujo-Vieira K, Ascher JS, Baêta D, Baldo D, Bandeira SA, Barden P, Barrasso DA, Bendifallah L, Bockmann FA, Böhme W, Borkent A, Brandão CRF, Busack SD, Bybee SM, Channing A, Chatzimanolis S, Christenhusz MJM, Crisci JV, D’elía G, Da Costa LM, Davis SR, De Lucena CAS, Deuve T, Fernandes Elizalde S, Faivovich J, Farooq H, Ferguson AW, Gippoliti S, Gonçalves FMP, Gonzalez VH, Greenbaum E, Hinojosa-Díaz IA, Ineich I, Jiang J, Kahono S, Kury AB, Lucinda PHF, Lynch JD, Malécot V, Marques MP, Marris JWM, Mckellar RC, Mendes LF, Nihei SS, Nishikawa K, Ohler A, Orrico VGD, Ota H, Paiva J, Parrinha D, Pauwels OSG, Pereyra MO, Pestana LB, Pinheiro PDP, Prendini L, Prokop J, Rasmussen C, Rödel MO, Rodrigues MT, Rodríguez SM, Salatnaya H, Sampaio Í, Sánchez-García A, Shebl MA, Santos BS, Solórzano-Kraemer MM, Sousa ACA, Stoev P, Teta P, Trape JF, Dos Santos CVD, Vasudevan K, Vink CJ, Vogel G, Wagner P, Wappler T, Ware JL, Wedmann S, Zacharie CK. The taxonomic impediment: a shortage of taxonomists, not the lack of technical approaches. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Engel
- Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Luis M P Ceríaco
- Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gimo M Daniel
- Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates, The National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Pablo M Dellapé
- División Entomología, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, CONICET, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivan Löbl
- Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Département de Génétique et Evolution, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Milen Marinov
- Biosecurity Surveillance & Incursion Investigation Plant Health Team, Ministry for Primary Industries, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roberto E Reis
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mark T Young
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alain Dubois
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Ishan Agarwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Pablo Lehmann A.
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Mabel Alvarado
- Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Département de Génétique et Evolution, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John S Ascher
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Délio Baêta
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Diego Baldo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Suzana A Bandeira
- Instituto Nacional da Biodiversidade e Áreas de Conservação, Luanda, Angola
| | - Phillip Barden
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diego A Barrasso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Leila Bendifallah
- Laboratory of Soft Technologies, Valorization, Physico-Chemistry of Biological Materials and Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, University M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Flávio A Bockmann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP/ Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Böhme
- Section of Herpetology, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Art Borkent
- 691-8th Ave SE, Salmon Arm, British Columbia, V1E 2C2, Canada
| | | | - Stephen D Busack
- Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seth M Bybee
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo UT, USA
| | - Alan Channing
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Maarten J M Christenhusz
- The Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, UK; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK; Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jorge V Crisci
- División Plantas Vasculares, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo D’elía
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis M Da Costa
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Steven R Davis
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Alberto S De Lucena
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thierry Deuve
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | | | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ – CONICET,Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Harith Farooq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adam W Ferguson
- Gantz Family Collection Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA
| | | | | | - Victor H Gonzalez
- Undergraduate Biology Program & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Ismael A Hinojosa-Díaz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Ineich
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Sih Kahono
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl, Raya Jakarta Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Adriano B Kury
- Departmento Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - John D Lynch
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valéry Malécot
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Mariana P Marques
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - John W M Marris
- Entomology Research Collection, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Luis F Mendes
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Silvio S Nihei
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Annemarie Ohler
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Victor G D Orrico
- Tropical Herpetology Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Hidetoshi Ota
- Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, and Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Sanda, Japan
| | - Jorge Paiva
- Centre for Functional Ecology. Science for People and the Planet, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Parrinha
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Martín O Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva ‘Claudio J. Bidau’, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Lueji B Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | | | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jakub Prokop
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sara M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile,Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hearty Salatnaya
- Agrotechnology Study Program. Banau Tertiary Institute of Agricultural Enterprise, West Halmahera, Indonesia
| | - Íris Sampaio
- Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alba Sánchez-García
- Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València,Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Mohamed A Shebl
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Bruna S Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica M Solórzano-Kraemer
- Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ana C A Sousa
- Grutas da Moeda e Fátima Lda., São Mamede, Batalha, Portugal
| | - Pavel Stoev
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pablo Teta
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Karthikeyan Vasudevan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Attapur, Hyderabad, India
| | - Cor J Vink
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Gernot Vogel
- Society for Southeast Asian Herpetology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sonja Wedmann
- Senckenberg Forschungsstation Grube Messel, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Chifundera Kusamba Zacharie
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Centre of Research in Natural Sciences at Lwiro, South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Goodman AM, Prendini L, Francke OF, Esposito LA. Systematic Revision of the Arboreal Neotropical “Thorellii” Clade of Centruroides Marx, 1890, Bark Scorpions (Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837) with Descriptions of Six New Species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.452.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Goodman
- Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York; Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History; Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Arachnology Lab and Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Oscar F. Francke
- Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Lauren A. Esposito
- Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York; Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History; Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences
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Loria SF, Prendini L. Burrowing into the forest: Phylogeny of the Asian forest scorpions (Scorpionidae: Heterometrinae) and the evolution of ecomorphotypes. Cladistics 2021; 37:109-161. [PMID: 34478184 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian forest scorpions (Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802: Heterometrinae Simon, 1879) are distributed across South and Southeast Asia. All are fossorial, constructing burrows under stones or in open ground, in habitats differing in precipitation and vegetation cover, from rainforests and tropical deciduous forests to savanna and scrubland. The systematics of these scorpions has long been confused due to bad taxonomy and the absence of a phylogenetic framework. Although the monophyly of the group was previously confirmed as part of broader phylogenetic analyses based on exemplar species, the only quantitative analysis of species-level variation to date was based on overall similarity. This contribution presents the first species-level phylogenetic analysis of Asian Scorpionidae, based on 186 morphological characters and 4188 aligned base-pairs of DNA sequence data from two nuclear and three mitochondrial loci for 132 terminals including all 41 ingroup species and four outgroup species. Simultaneous analyses of the morphological and molecular datasets with parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference provided the framework for a revised classification presented elsewhere. In order to understand how adaptation following dispersal into new habitats has driven the morphological diversification of Asian forest scorpions, species were scored for 10 characters concerning morphology and burrow architecture, which contributed to an ensemble index of adaptation to habitat aridity. Species were classified into three ecomorphotypes based on the index, and ancestral state reconstruction of ecomorphotypes performed on the phylogeny. A pattern was recovered in which lineages and species occurring in different habitats on a continuum from wet (evergreen forest) to dry (savanna, scrubland) exhibited characters presumed to be adaptive and hence responsible for driving scorpion diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F Loria
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA.,Arachnology Lab and Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Arachnology Lab and Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA
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De Miranda GS, Giupponi APL, Scharff N, Prendini L. Phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present contribution addresses the phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986, the most species-rich in the arachnid order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883, based on morphology and multilocus DNA sequences, analysed simultaneously using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The morphological matrix comprises 138 characters, scored for four outgroup taxa and 103 ingroup terminals representing all genera and 64% of the species of Charinidae. The multilocus dataset comprises sequences from two nuclear and three mitochondrial gene loci for four outgroup taxa and 48 ingroup representing 30 (23%) taxa of Charinidae. Charinidae are monophyletic, with Weygoldtia Miranda et al., 2018 sister to a monophyletic group comprising Charinus Simon, 1892 and Sarax Simon, 1892, neither of which are reciprocally monophyletic. Charinidae diverged from other amblypygid families in the Late Carboniferous, c. 318 Mya, on the supercontinent Pangaea. Weygoldtia diverged from the common ancestor of Charinus and Sarax during the Late Permian, c. 257 Mya, when changes in climate reduced tropical forests. The divergence of Charinus and Sarax coincides with the fragmentation of Pangaea, c. 216 Mya. Sarax colonized South-East Asia via Australia. The charinid fauna of New Caledonia originated before the Oligocene, when the island separated from Australia, c. 80 Mya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Silva De Miranda
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,DC 20560, USA
| | - Alessandro P L Giupponi
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, LIRN-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brazil
| | - Nikolaj Scharff
- Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,DC 20560, USA
- Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York,NY 10024-5192, USA
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Botero-Trujillo R, Carvalho LS, Florez D. E, Prendini L. Four New Species of “Hooded Tick-Spiders” (Ricinulei, Ricinoididae) from South and Central America, with Clarification of the Identity of Cryptocellus leleupi Cooreman, 1976. American Museum Novitates 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/3976.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
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Barahoei H, Prendini L, Navidpour S, Tahir HM, Aliabadian M, Siahsarvie R, Mirshamsi O. Integrative systematics of the tooth-tailed scorpions, Odontobuthus (Buthidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Iranian Plateau. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ‘tooth-tailed’ scorpions of the buthid genus Odontobuthus comprises six species with an allopatric or parapatric pattern of distribution in the Middle East, but the diversity of Odontobuthus in Iran appears to be underestimated, with the limits of several species remaining unclear. In the present contribution, an integrative approach to the systematics of Odontobuthus was applied, to determine the taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships among its species. Statistical analyses of five meristic characters, 38 morphometric characters and 21 morphometric ratios, combined with molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, were conducted. All previously described species of Odontobuthus were found to be well supported, and new morphological diagnoses are here presented. Additionally, three new species: Odontobuthus baluchicus sp. nov. from the Makkoran Mountains, Odontobuthus chabaharensis sp. nov. from the coast of the Gulf of Oman (Sistan and Baluchistan Provinces) and Odontobuthus kermanus sp. nov. from Kerman Province, are described, raising the total number of Odontobuthus species to nine, six of which are endemic or subendemic to the Iranian Plateau. A distribution map and identification key to the species of Odontobuthus are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Barahoei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History , New York , USA
| | - Shahrokh Navidpour
- Razi Reference Laboratory of Scorpion Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization , Karaj , Iran
| | - H Muhammad Tahir
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History , New York , USA
- Department of Zoology, GC University , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Mansour Aliabadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
- Research Department of Zoological Innovations (RDZI), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Roohollah Siahsarvie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
- Rodentology Research Department (RRD), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Omid Mirshamsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
- Research Department of Zoological Innovations (RDZI), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
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Cain S, Loria SF, Ben-Shlomo R, Prendini L, Gefen E. Dated phylogeny and ancestral range estimation of sand scorpions (Buthidae: Buthacus) reveal Early Miocene divergence across land bridges connecting Africa and Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 164:107212. [PMID: 34029718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sand scorpions of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837) are widespread in the sandy deserts of the Palearctic region, occurring from the Atlantic coast of West Africa across the Sahara, and throughout the Middle East to Central Asia. The limits of Buthacus, its two species groups, and many of its species remain unclear, and in need of revision using modern systematic methods. The study presented here set out to investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of the Buthacus species occurring in the Levant, last studied in 1980. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on 104 terminals, including six species collected from more than thirty localities in Israel and other countries in the region. Three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene loci were sequenced for a total of 2,218 aligned base-pairs. Morphological datasets comprising 22 qualitative and 48 quantitative morphological characters were compiled. Molecular and morphological datasets were analyzed separately and simultaneously with Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood, and parsimony. Divergence time and ancestral range estimation analyses were performed, to understand dispersal and diversification. The results support a revised classification of Levantine Buthacus, and invalidate the traditional species groups of Buthacus, instead recovering two geographically-delimited clades, an African clade and an Asian clade, approximately separated by the Jordan Valley (the Jordan Rift Valley or Syro-African Depression), the northernmost part of the Great Rift Valley. The divergence between these clades occurred in the Early Miocene (ca. 19 Ma) in the Levant, coinciding temporally with the existence of two land bridges, which allowed faunal exchange between Africa and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Cain
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephanie F Loria
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Ben-Shlomo
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa - Oranim, Israel
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
| | - Eran Gefen
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa - Oranim, Israel.
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Schramm FD, Valdez-Mondragón A, Prendini L. Volcanism and palaeoclimate change drive diversification of the world's largest whip spider (Amblypygi). Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2872-2890. [PMID: 33881187 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The tropics contain many of the most biodiverse regions on Earth but the processes responsible for generating this diversity remain poorly understood. This study investigated the drivers of diversification in arthropods with stenotopic ecological requirements and limited dispersal capability using as a model the monotypic whip spider (Amblypygi) genus Acanthophrynus, widespread in the tropical deciduous forests of Mexico. We hypothesized that for these organisms, the tropical deciduous forests serve as a conduit for dispersal, with their disappearance imposing barriers. Given that these forests are located in a region of complex geological history and that they fluctuated in extent during the Pliocene-Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles we combine molecular divergence dating, palaeoclimatic niche modelling and ancestral area reconstruction to test if and when habitat fragmentation promoted diversification in Acanthophrynus. Concomitant with the expected role of landscape change, we demonstrate that orogeny of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene (6.95-5.21 million years ago), drove the earliest divergence of Acanthophrynus by vicariance. Similarly, as expected, the later onset of glaciations strongly impacted diversification. Whereas a more stable climate in the southern part of the distribution enabled further diversification, a marked loss of suitable habitat during the glaciations only allowed dispersal and diversification in the north to occur later, resulting in a lower overall diversity in this region. Barriers and diversification patterns identified in Acanthophrynus are reflected in the phylogeography of codistributed vertebrates and arthropods, emphasizing the profound impact of Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt orogeny and glacial/interglacial cycles as drivers of diversification in the Mexican Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D Schramm
- Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón
- Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Laboratorio Regional de Biodiversidad y Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales (LBCTV), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), sede Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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Seiter M, Schwaha T, Ferreira RL, Prendini L, Wolff JO. Fine structure of the epicuticular secretion coat and associated glands of Pedipalpi and Palpigradi (Arachnida). J Morphol 2021; 282:1158-1169. [PMID: 33905557 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pedipalpi Latreille, 1810 is a poorly studied clade of arachnids comprising the whip spiders (Amblypygi Thorell, 1883), short-tailed whip scorpions (Schizomida Petrunkevitch, 1945) and whip scorpions (Thelyphonida Cambridge, 1872). It has recently been shown that whip spiders coat their exoskeleton with a solid cement layer (cerotegument) that forms elaborate microstructures and turns the cuticle into a super-hydrophobic state. The amblypygid cerotegument provides taxonomic information due to its fine structural diversity, but its presence and variation in the sister groups was previously unknown. The present contribution reports the surface structure of the cuticle in species of Palpigradi, Thelyphonida, and Schizomida to determine if these taxa possess a solid epicuticular secretion coat. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that in addition to Amblypygi only species of Thelyphonida possess solid epicuticular secretion layers. Unlike in Amblypygi, in the Thelyphonida this layer does not usually form microstructures and is less rigidly attached to the underlying cuticle. A species of Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, which exhibited globular structures analogous to the amblypygid cerotegument, was an exception. Glandular structures associated with cement secretions in Amblypygi and Thelyphonida were considered homologous due to similar structure. Solid epicuticular secretion coats were absent from Schizomida, which is interpreted as a secondary loss despite the presence of slit-like glandular openings that appear to produce such epicuticular secretions. The micro-whip scorpion order Palpigradi Thorell, 1900 exhibited markedly different cuticular surface structures and lacked solid epicuticular secretions, consistent with the hypothesis that this order is not closely related to Pedipalpi. These results enhance the knowledge of the small, enigmatic orders of Arachnida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seiter
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schwaha
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrigo L Ferreira
- Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonas O Wolff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cain S, Gefen E, Prendini L. Systematic Revision of the Sand Scorpions, Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837) of the Levant, with Redescription of Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885) from Algeria and Tunisia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.450.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Cain
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Gefen
- Department of Biology and Environment Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa – Oranim, Israel
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History
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Botero-Trujillo R, Sain CE, Prendini L. Systematics of the “Giant” Ricinulei (Ricinoididae: Ricinoides) of West Africa, with Descriptions of Five New Species and Comparative Morphology of the Male Copulatory Apparatus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.448.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colby E. Sain
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Tennessee
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History
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Loria SF, Prendini L. Out of India, thrice: diversification of Asian forest scorpions reveals three colonizations of Southeast Asia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22301. [PMID: 33339838 PMCID: PMC7749168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'Out of India' hypothesis is often invoked to explain patterns of distribution among Southeast Asian taxa. According to this hypothesis, Southeast Asian taxa originated in Gondwana, diverged from their Gondwanan relatives when the Indian subcontinent rifted from Gondwana in the Late Jurassic, and colonized Southeast Asia when it collided with Eurasia in the early Cenozoic. A growing body of evidence suggests these events were far more complex than previously understood, however. The first quantitative reconstruction of the biogeography of Asian forest scorpions (Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802: Heterometrinae Simon, 1879) is presented here. Divergence time estimation, ancestral range estimation, and diversification analyses are used to determine the origins, dispersal and diversification patterns of these scorpions, providing a timeline for their biogeographical history that can be summarized into four major events. (1) Heterometrinae diverged from other Scorpionidae on the African continent after the Indian subcontinent became separated in the Cretaceous. (2) Environmental stresses during the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) mass extinction caused range contraction, restricting one clade of Heterometrinae to refugia in southern India (the Western Ghats) and Sri Lanka (the Central Highlands). (3) Heterometrinae dispersed to Southeast Asia three times during India's collision with Eurasia, the first dispersal event occurring as the Indian subcontinent brushed up against the western side of Sumatra, and the other two events occurring as India moved closer to Eurasia. (4) Indian Heterometrinae, confined to southern India and Sri Lanka during the KT mass extinction, recolonized the Deccan Plateau and northern India, diversifying into new, more arid habitats after environmental conditions stabilized. These hypotheses, which are congruent with the geological literature and biogeographical analyses of other taxa from South and Southeast Asia, contribute to an improved understanding of the dispersal and diversification patterns of taxa in this biodiverse and geologically complex region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F Loria
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA.
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA
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Prendini L, Loria SF. Systematic Revision of the Asian Forest Scorpions (Heterometrinae Simon, 1879), Revised Suprageneric Classification of Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802, and Revalidation of Rugodentidae Bastawade et al., 2005. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2020. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.442.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Stephanie F. Loria
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology; Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History
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Monjaraz-Ruedas R, Francke OF, Prendini L. Integrative systematics untangles the evolutionary history of Stenochrus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), a neglected junkyard genus of North American short-tailed whipscorpions. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Until recently, the Nearctic short-tailed whipscorpion genus, StenochrusChamberlin, 1922, included 27 species distributed primarily in Mexico, the USA and Central America. Morphological disparity among its species, associated with their adaptation to diverse habitats, raised the question as to whether Stenochrus was monophyletic. The phylogenetic relationships among short-tailed whipscorpions have only recently begun to be explored, and the monophyly of Stenochrus had never been tested. The present contribution provides the first phylogeny of Stenochrus and related genera, based on 61 morphological characters and 2991 aligned DNA nucleotides from two nuclear and two mitochondrial gene markers, for 73 terminal taxa. Separate and simultaneous analyses of the morphological and molecular data sets were conducted with Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood, and parsimony with equal and implied weighting. Terminals represented only by morphological data (‘orphans’) were included in some analyses for evaluation of their phylogenetic positions. As previously defined, Stenochrus sensuReddell & Cokendolpher (1991, 1995) was consistently polyphyletic and comprised eight monophyletic clades, justifying its reclassification into eight genera including Heteroschizomus Rowland, 1973, revalidated from synonymy with Stenochrus by Monjaraz-Ruedas et al. (2019). Rowland & Reddell’s (1980)mexicanus and pecki species groups were consistently paraphyletic. Orphans grouped with the most morphologically similar taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
- Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. Circuito exterior s/n. Apartado Postal, C.P., Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar F Francke
- Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. Circuito exterior s/n. Apartado Postal, C.P., Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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Ramírez MJ, Grismado CJ, Ubick D, Ovtsharenko V, Cushing PE, Platnick NI, Wheeler WC, Prendini L, Crowley LM, Horner NV. Myrmecicultoridae, a New Family of Myrmecophilic Spiders from the Chihuahuan Desert (Araneae: Entelegynae). American Museum Novitates 2019. [DOI: 10.1206/3930.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín J. Ramírez
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” – CONICET, Buenos Aires
| | - Cristian J. Grismado
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” – CONICET, Buenos Aires
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Monjaraz-Ruedas R, Prendini L, Francke OF. Systematics of the Short-Tailed Whipscorpion Genus Stenochrus Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), with Descriptions of Six New Genera and Five New Species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2019. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.435.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology. American Museum of Natural History
| | - Oscar F. Francke
- Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Esposito LA, Prendini L. Island Ancestors and New World Biogeography: A Case Study from the Scorpions (Buthidae: Centruroidinae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:3500. [PMID: 30837519 PMCID: PMC6401060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scorpions are an excellent system for understanding biogeographical patterns. Most major scorpion lineages predate modern landforms, making them suitable for testing hypotheses of vicariance and dispersal. The Caribbean islands are endowed with a rich and largely endemic scorpion fauna, the origins of which have not been previously investigated with modern biogeographical methods. Three sets of hypotheses have been proposed to explain present patterns of diversity in the Caribbean: (1) connections via land bridges, (2) vicariance events, and (3) overwater dispersal from continents and among islands. The present study investigates the biogeographical diversification of the New World buthid scorpion subfamily Centruroidinae Kraus, 1955, a clade of seven genera and more than 110 species; infers the ancestral distributions of these scorpions; and tests the relative roles of vicariance and dispersal in the formation of their present distributions. A fossil-calibrated molecular phylogeny was estimated with a Bayesian criterion to infer the dates of diversification events from which ancestral distributions were reconstructed, and the relative likelihood of models of vicariance vs. dispersal, calculated. Although both the timing of diversification and the ancestral distributions were congruent with the GAARlandia land-bridge hypothesis, there was no significant difference between distance-dependent models with or without the land-bridge. Heteroctenus Pocock, 1893, the Caribbean-endemic sister taxon of Centruroides Marx, 1890 provides evidence for a Caribbean ancestor, which subsequently colonized Central America and North America, and eventually re-colonized the Greater Antilles. This 'reverse colonization' event of a continent from an island demonstrates the importance of islands as a potential source of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Esposito
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA.
- Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Essig Museum of Entomology, 130 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA.
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA
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GonzáLez-Santillán E, Prendini L. Systematic Revision of the North American Syntropine Vaejovid Scorpion GeneraBalsateres, Kuarapu, andThorellius, With Descriptions of three New Species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2018. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-420.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo GonzáLez-Santillán
- City University of New York; Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
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de Miranda GS, Giupponi AP, Prendini L, Scharff N. Weygoldtia, a new genus of Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi) with a reappraisal of the genera in the family. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Loria SF, Prendini L. Ultrastructural comparison of the eyespot and ocelli of scorpions, and implications for the systematics of Chaerilidae Pocock, 1893. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barrales-Alcalá D, Francke OF, Prendini L. Systematic Revision of the Giant Vinegaroons of theMastigoproctus giganteusComplex (Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2018. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-418.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barrales-Alcalá
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Oscar F. Francke
- Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
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Rubin M, Lamsdell JC, Prendini L, Hopkins MJ. Exocuticular hyaline layer of sea scorpions and horseshoe crabs suggests cuticular fluorescence is plesiomorphic in chelicerates. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rubin
- Department of Geology Oberlin College Oberlin OH USA
- Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
| | - J. C. Lamsdell
- Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
- Department of Geology and Geography West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA
| | - L. Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
| | - M. J. Hopkins
- Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
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Esposito LA, Yamaguti HY, Souza CA, Pinto-Da-Rocha R, Prendini L. Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions,Physoctonus,Rhopalurus, andTroglorhopalurus, Revalidation ofHeteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2017. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Esposito
- Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York; Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History; Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
| | - Humberto Y. Yamaguti
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A. Souza
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
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Wheeler WC, Coddington JA, Crowley LM, Dimitrov D, Goloboff PA, Griswold CE, Hormiga G, Prendini L, Ramírez MJ, Sierwald P, Almeida‐Silva L, Alvarez‐Padilla F, Arnedo MA, Benavides Silva LR, Benjamin SP, Bond JE, Grismado CJ, Hasan E, Hedin M, Izquierdo MA, Labarque FM, Ledford J, Lopardo L, Maddison WP, Miller JA, Piacentini LN, Platnick NI, Polotow D, Silva‐Dávila D, Scharff N, Szűts T, Ubick D, Vink CJ, Wood HM, Zhang J. The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling. Cladistics 2016; 33:574-616. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ward C. Wheeler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History 10th and Constitution NW Washington DC 20560‐0105 USA
| | - Louise M. Crowley
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Pablo A. Goloboff
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo FML—CONICET Miguel Lillo 251 4000 SM. de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Charles E. Griswold
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
| | - Gustavo Hormiga
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Martín J. Ramírez
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Petra Sierwald
- The Field Museum of Natural History 1400 S Lake Shore Drive Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - Lina Almeida‐Silva
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 05503‐900 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Alvarez‐Padilla
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Departamento de Biología Comparada Facultad de Ciencias Laboratório de Acarología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal Del. Coyoacán CP 04510 México
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Departamento de Biología Animal Facultat de Biología Institut de Recerca de la Bioversitat Universitat de Barcelona Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ligia R. Benavides Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Suresh P. Benjamin
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies Hantana Road Kandy 20000 Sri Lanka
| | - Jason E. Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Rouse Life Sciences Building Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Cristian J. Grismado
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Emile Hasan
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Matías A. Izquierdo
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Facundo M. Labarque
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 05503‐900 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Joel Ledford
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Department of Plant Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Lara Lopardo
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University 2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Wayne P. Maddison
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Miller
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Luis N. Piacentini
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’—CONICET Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Norman I. Platnick
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Daniele Polotow
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 05503‐900 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Diana Silva‐Dávila
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Departamento de Entomología Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Av. Arenales 1256 Apartado Postal 140434 Lima 14 Peru
| | - Nikolaj Scharff
- Biodiversity Section Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tamás Szűts
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- Department of Zoology University of West Hungary H9700 Szombathely Hungary
| | - Darrell Ubick
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
| | - Cor J. Vink
- Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue Christchurch 8013 New Zealand
| | - Hannah M. Wood
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History 10th and Constitution NW Washington DC 20560‐0105 USA
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden State Park San Francisco CA 94118 USA
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Prendini L. Redefinition and Systematic Revision of the East African Scorpion Genus Pandinoides (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) With Critique of the Taxonomy of Pandinus, Sensu Lato. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-407.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Franz-Guess S, Klußmann-Fricke BJ, Wirkner CS, Prendini L, Starck JM. Morphology of the tracheal system of camel spiders (Chelicerata: Solifugae) based on micro-CT and 3D-reconstruction in exemplar species from three families. Arthropod Struct Dev 2016; 45:440-451. [PMID: 27519794 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the tracheal system of exemplar species representing three families of Solifugae Sundevall, 1833, i.e., Galeodes granti Pocock, 1903, Ammotrechula wasbaueri Muma, 1962 and Eremobates sp., using μCT-imaging and 3D-reconstruction. This is the first comparative study of the tracheal system of Solifugae in 85 years and the first using high-resolution nondestructive methods. The tracheal system was found to be structurally similar in all three species, with broad major tracheae predominantly in the prosoma as well as anastomoses (i.e., connections between tracheal branches from different stigmata) in the prosoma and opisthosoma. Differences among the three species were observed in the presence or absence of cheliceral air sacs, the number of tracheae supplying the heart, and the ramification of major tracheae in the opisthosoma. The structure of the tracheal system with its extensive branches and some anastomoses is assumed to aid rapid and efficient gas exchange in the respiratory tissues of these active predators. The large diameter of cheliceral tracheae (air sacs) of taxa with disproportionally heavier chelicerae suggests a role in weight reduction, enabling solifuges to reach greater speeds during predation. The air sacs may also permit more rapid and efficient gaseous exchange, necessary to operate the musculature of these structures, thereby improving their use for predation in an environment where prey is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Franz-Guess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biocenter - Department of Biology II, Functional Morphology Group, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Bastian-Jesper Klußmann-Fricke
- Universität Rostock, Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institute für Biowissenschaften, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian S Wirkner
- Universität Rostock, Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institute für Biowissenschaften, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Arachnology Lab, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA.
| | - J Matthias Starck
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biocenter - Department of Biology II, Functional Morphology Group, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Amorim DS, Santos CMD, Krell FT, Dubois A, Nihei SS, Oliveira OMP, Pont A, Song H, Verdade VK, Fachin DA, Klassa B, Lamas CJE, Oliveira SS, Carvalho CJBD, Mello-Patiu CA, Hajdu E, Couri MS, Silva VC, Capellari RS, Falaschi RL, Feitosa RM, Prendini L, Pombal JPJ, Fernández F, Rocha RM, Lattke JE, Caramaschi U, Duarte M, Marques AC, Reis RE, Kurina O, Takiya DM, Tavares M, Fernandes DS, Franco FL, Cuezzo F, Paulson D, Guénard B, Schlick-Steiner BC, Arthofer W, Steiner FM, Fisher BL, Johnson RA, Delsinne TD, Donoso DA, Mulieri PR, Patitucci LD, Carpenter JM, Herman L, Grimaldi D. Timeless standards for species delimitation. Zootaxa 2016; 4137:121-8. [PMID: 27395746 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4137.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recently a new species of bombyliid fly, Marleyimyia xylocopae, was described by Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) based on two photographs taken during fieldwork in the Republic of South Africa. This species has no preserved holotype. The paper generated some buzz, especially among dipterists, because in most cases photographs taken in the field provide insufficient information for properly diagnosing and documenting species of Diptera.
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González-Santillán E, Prendini L. Systematic Revision of the North American Syntropine Vaejovid Scorpion Genera Maaykuyak, Syntropis, and Vizcaino, with Description of the Adults of Syntropis williamsi. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-405.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Adams AM, Marais E, Turner JS, Prendini L, Pinshow B. Similar burrow architecture of three arid-zone scorpion species implies similar ecological function. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:56. [PMID: 27312362 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many animals reside in burrows that may serve as refuges from predators and adverse environmental conditions. Burrow design varies widely among and within taxa, and these structures are adaptive, fulfilling physiological (and other) functions. We examined the burrow architecture of three scorpion species of the family Scorpionidae: Scorpio palmatus from the Negev desert, Israel; Opistophthalmus setifrons, from the Central Highlands, Namibia; and Opistophthalmus wahlbergii from the Kalahari desert, Namibia. We hypothesized that burrow structure maintains temperature and soil moisture conditions optimal for the behavior and physiology of the scorpion. Casts of burrows, poured in situ with molten aluminum, were scanned in 3D to quantify burrow structure. Three architectural features were common to the burrows of all species: (1) a horizontal platform near the ground surface, long enough to accommodate the scorpion, located just below the entrance, 2-5 cm under the surface, which may provide a safe place where the scorpion can monitor the presence of potential prey, predators, and mates and where the scorpion warms up before foraging; (2) at least two bends that might deter incursion by predators and may reduce convective ventilation, thereby maintaining relatively high humidity and low temperature; and (3) an enlarged terminal chamber to a depth at which temperatures are almost constant (±2-4 °C). These common features among the burrows of three different species suggest that they are important for regulating the physical environment of their inhabitants and that burrows are part of scorpions' "extended physiology" (sensu Turner, Physiol Biochem Zool 74:798-822, 2000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Adams
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel. .,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Eugene Marais
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - J Scott Turner
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Berry Pinshow
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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35
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Prendini L. Three NewUroplectes(Scorpiones: Buthidae) with Punctate Metasomal Segments from Tropical Central Africa. American Museum Novitates 2015. [DOI: 10.1206/3840.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Cushing PE, Graham MR, Prendini L, Brookhart JO. A multilocus molecular phylogeny of the endemic North American camel spider family Eremobatidae (Arachnida: Solifugae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 92:280-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Prendini L, Theron LJ, van der Merwe K, Owen-Smith N. Abundance and guild structure of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in communally grazed and protected savanna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02541858.1996.11448403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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González-Santillán E, Prendini L. Systematic Revision of the North American Syntropine Vaejovid Scorpions With a Subaculear Tubercle,KonetontliGonzález-Santillán and Prendini, 2013. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2015. [DOI: 10.1206/907.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ojanguren-Affilastro AA, Mattoni CI, Ochoa JA, Ramírez MJ, Ceccarelli FS, Prendini L. Phylogeny, species delimitation and convergence in the South American bothriurid scorpion genus Brachistosternus Pocock 1893: Integrating morphology, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 94:159-70. [PMID: 26321226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A phylogenetic analysis of the scorpion genus Brachistosternus Pocock, 1893 (Bothriuridae Simon, 1880) is presented, based on a dataset including 41 of the 43 described species and five outgroups, 116 morphological characters and more than 4150 base-pairs of DNA sequence from the nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA gene loci, and the mitochondrial 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I gene loci. Analyses conducted using parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference were largely congruent with high support for most clades. The results confirmed the monophyly of Brachistosternus, the nominal subgenus, and subgenus Ministernus Francke, 1985, as in previous analyses based only on morphology, but differed in several other respects. Species from the plains of the Atacama Desert diverged basally whereas the high altitude Andean species radiated from a more derived ancestor, presumably as a consequence of Andean uplift and associated changes in climate. Species limits were assessed among species that contain intraspecific variation (e.g., different morphs), are difficult to separate morphologically, and/or exhibit widespread or disjunct distributions. The extent of convergence in morphological adaptation to life on sandy substrata (psammophily) and the complexity of the male genitalia, or hemispermatophores, was investigated. Psammophily evolved on at least four independent occasions. The lobe regions of the hemispermatophore increased in complexity on three independent occasions, and decreased in complexity on another three independent occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A Ojanguren-Affilastro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, CP: 1405DJR, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Camilo I Mattoni
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - José A Ochoa
- Frankfurt Zoological Society - Peru, Residencial Huancaro, Los Cipreses H-21, Santiago, Cusco, Peru.
| | - Martín J Ramírez
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, CP: 1405DJR, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - F Sara Ceccarelli
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, CP: 1405DJR, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
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Bird TL, Wharton RA, Prendini L. Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2015. [DOI: 10.1206/916.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mattoni CI, García-Hernández S, Botero-Trujillo R, Ochoa JA, Ojanguren-Affilastro AA, Pinto-da-Rocha R, Prendini L. Scorpion sheds 'tail' to escape: consequences and implications of autotomy in scorpions (Buthidae: Ananteris). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116639. [PMID: 25629529 PMCID: PMC4309614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotomy, the voluntary shedding or detachment of a body part at a determined cleavage plane, is a common anti-predation defense mechanism in several animal taxa, including arthropods. Among arachnids, autotomy has been observed in harvestmen, mites, and spiders, always involving the loss of legs. Autotomy of the opisthosoma (abdomen) was recently reported in a single species of the Neotropical buthid scorpion genus Ananteris Thorell, 1891, but few details were revealed. Based on observations in the field and laboratory, examination of material in museum collections, and scanning electron microscopy, we document autotomy of the metasoma (the hind part of the opisthosoma, or ‘tail’) in fourteen species of Ananteris. Autotomy is more common in males than females, and has not been observed in juveniles. When the scorpion is held by the metasoma, it is voluntarily severed at the joints between metasomal segments I and II, II and III, or III and IV, allowing the scorpion to escape. After detachment, the severed metasoma moves (twitches) automatically, much like the severed tail of a lizard or the severed leg of a spider, and reacts to contact, even attempting to sting. The severed surface heals rapidly, scar tissue forming in five days. The lost metasomal segments and telson cannot be regenerated. Autotomy of the metasoma and telson results in permanent loss of the posterior part of the scorpion’s digestive system (the anus is situated posteriorly on metasomal segment V) and the ability to inject venom by stinging. After autotomy, scorpions do not defecate and can only capture small prey items. However, males can survive and mate successfully for up to eight months in the laboratory. In spite of diminished predation ability after autotomy, survival allows males to reproduce. Autotomy in Ananteris therefore appears to be an effective, adaptive, anti-predation escape mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solimary García-Hernández
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Botero-Trujillo
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José A. Ochoa
- Frankfurt Zoological Society, Cusco, Perú
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Prendini
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
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Abstract
Scorpions possess two types of visual organs, the median and lateral eyes. Both eyes consist of simple ocelli with biconvex lenses that differ in structure and function. There is little variation in the number of median ocelli across the order. Except for a few troglomorphic species in which the median ocelli are absent, all scorpions possess a single pair. In contrast, the number of pairs of lateral ocelli varies from zero to five across Scorpiones and may vary within species. No attempt has been made to homologize lateral ocelli across the order, and their utility in scorpion systematics has been questioned, due to the variation in number. A recent study examined the number of lateral ocelli among various Asian Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837 and proposed a "five-eye model" for the family. This model has not been examined more broadly within Buthidae, however, nor compared with the patterns of variation observed among other scorpion families. An eyespot, referred to as an accessory lateral eye, situated ventral or posteroventral to the lateral ocelli, has also been reported in some scorpions. Analysis of its structure suggests it serves a nonvisual function. We present the first comparative study of variation in the lateral ocelli across the order Scorpiones, based on examination of a broad range of exemplar species, representing all families, 160 genera (78%), 196 species (9%), and up to 12 individuals per species. We propose a six-ocellus model for Recent scorpions with four accessory ocelli observed in various taxa, homologize the individual ocelli, and correct erroneous counts in the recent literature. We also investigate the presence of the eyespot across scorpions and discover that it is more widespread than previously recognized. Future work should investigate the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the formation of the lateral ocelli to test the hypotheses proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Loria
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
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Santibáñez-López CE, Francke OF, Prendini L. Kolotl, n. gen. (Scorpiones: Diplocentridae), a New Scorpion Genus from Mexico. American Museum Novitates 2014. [DOI: 10.1206/3815.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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González-Santillán E, Prendini L. Phylogeny of the North American vaejovid scorpion subfamily Syntropinae Kraepelin, 1905, based on morphology, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Cladistics 2014; 31:341-405. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo González-Santillán
- The Graduate Center; City University of New York; CUNY; 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group; Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024-5192 USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Scorpion Systematics Research Group; Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024-5192 USA
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Tahir HM, Prendini L. Redescription ofHeterometrus latimanusand Confirmation of the GenusHeterometrus(Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) in Pakistan. American Museum Novitates 2014. [DOI: 10.1206/3805.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tahir HM, Navidpour S, Prendini L. First Reports ofRazianus(Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iraq and Pakistan, Descriptions of Two New Species, and Redescription ofRazianus zarudnyi. American Museum Novitates 2014. [DOI: 10.1206/3806.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Monod L, Prendini L. Evidence for Eurogondwana: the roles of dispersal, extinction and vicariance in the evolution and biogeography of Indo-Pacific Hormuridae (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea). Cladistics 2014; 31:71-111. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Monod
- Département des arthropodes et d'entomologie I; Muséum d'histoire naturelle; Route de Malagnou 1 1208 Genève Switzerland
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024-5192 USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024-5192 USA
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Bryson RW, Prendini L, Savary WE, Pearman PB. Caves as microrefugia: Pleistocene phylogeography of the troglophilic North American scorpion Pseudouroctonus reddelli. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24428910 PMCID: PMC3902065 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival in microrefugia represents an important paradigm in phylogeography for explaining rapid postglacial re-colonization by species in temperate regions. Microrefugia may allow populations to persist in areas where the climatic conditions on the surface have become unfavourable. Caves generally contain stable microclimates and may represent microrefugia for species capable of exploiting both cave and surface habitats (troglophiles). We examine the phylogeography of the troglophilic North American vaejovid scorpion Pseudouroctonus reddelli using 1,993 base pairs of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data generated from 12 populations. We use (i) descriptive measures of genetic diversity and population genetics statistics, (ii) reconstructions of phylogeographical structure, spatial diffusion during diversification, and population sizes through time, and (iii) species distribution modelling to test predictions of the hypothesis that caves serve as microrefugia. We compare phylogeographical patterns in P. reddelli with other troglophilic species across the Edwards Plateau karst region of Texas. RESULTS Results revealed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity and substantial phylogeographical structure, probably generated during the Pleistocene. Spatial diffusion occurred along the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau from multiple refugia along the Balcones Escarpment. There was little evidence for population and geographical expansion. Species distribution models predicted substantial reductions in suitable epigean habitat for P. reddelli at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). CONCLUSIONS High genetic diversity, strong phylogeographical structure, diffusion from multiple refugia, and unfavourable climatic conditions at the LGM collectively support the hypothesis that caves served as microrefugia for P. reddelli. Similar patterns of genetic structure in P. reddelli and other troglophilic species across the Edwards Plateau karst region of Texas suggest that caves serving as microrefugia are important for the formation, maintenance, and future survival of troglophilic species in temperate karst regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Bryson
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
| | - Warren E Savary
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Peter B Pearman
- Landscape Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
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Santibáñez-López CE, Francke OF, Prendini L. Shining a light into the world’s deepest caves: phylogenetic systematics of the troglobiotic scorpion genus Alacran Francke, 1982 (Typhlochactidae : Alacraninae). INVERTEBR SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/is14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The scorpion genus Alacran Francke, 1982, endemic to eastern Mexico, was created to accommodate Alacran tartarus Francke, 1982. This remarkable troglobiotic species is adapted for life in some of the world’s deepest caves, 720–916 m below the surface in the Sistema Huautla of the state of Oaxaca (the deepest records at which a scorpion has been found). A second species, Alacran chamuco Francke, 2009, was later described from Te Cimutaá, also in Oaxaca. In the present contribution, we describe a third species, Alacran triquimera, sp. nov., recently discovered in a cave system in the state of Puebla, and test the monophyly and internal relationships of Alacran, based on a cladistic analysis of 10 terminal taxa (including seven species representing all four genera of Typhlochactidae) and 151 informative morphological characters, building on a previously published matrix. The single most parsimonious tree obtained, supports the monophyly of Alacran and the following relationships among its component species: (A. chamuco (A. tartarus + A. triquimera, sp. nov.)). The phylogenetic relationships among the three species of Alacran are consistent with the biogeographical history of the caves they inhabit. Based on the geological history of the Sierra Madre del Sur and the likely similar speleogenesis of the Tres Quimeras, Sistema Huautla and Te Cimutaá caves, we propose a vicariance hypothesis to account for the disjunct distribution of the three species of Alacran, whereby an initially more widespread, panmictic ancestral population speciated into three geographically isolated taxa following fragmentation of the southern Sierra Madre del Sur.
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González-Santillán E, Prendini L. Redefinition and Generic Revision of the North American Vaejovid Scorpion Subfamily Syntropinae Kraepelin, 1905, with Descriptions of Six New Genera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013. [DOI: 10.1206/830.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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