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Dou DR, Zhao Y, Belk JA, Zhao Y, Casey KM, Chen DC, Li R, Yu B, Srinivasan S, Abe BT, Kraft K, Hellström C, Sjöberg R, Chang S, Feng A, Goldman DW, Shah AA, Petri M, Chung LS, Fiorentino DF, Lundberg EK, Wutz A, Utz PJ, Chang HY. Xist ribonucleoproteins promote female sex-biased autoimmunity. Cell 2024; 187:733-749.e16. [PMID: 38306984 PMCID: PMC10949934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect females more than males. The XX sex chromosome complement is strongly associated with susceptibility to autoimmunity. Xist long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is expressed only in females to randomly inactivate one of the two X chromosomes to achieve gene dosage compensation. Here, we show that the Xist ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex comprising numerous autoantigenic components is an important driver of sex-biased autoimmunity. Inducible transgenic expression of a non-silencing form of Xist in male mice introduced Xist RNP complexes and sufficed to produce autoantibodies. Male SJL/J mice expressing transgenic Xist developed more severe multi-organ pathology in a pristane-induced lupus model than wild-type males. Xist expression in males reprogrammed T and B cell populations and chromatin states to more resemble wild-type females. Human patients with autoimmune diseases displayed significant autoantibodies to multiple components of XIST RNP. Thus, a sex-specific lncRNA scaffolds ubiquitous RNP components to drive sex-biased immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Dou
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Belk
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Derek C Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suhas Srinivasan
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian T Abe
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Kraft
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ceke Hellström
- Autoimmunity and Serology Profiling, Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald Sjöberg
- Autoimmunity and Serology Profiling, Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allan Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ami A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Petri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorinda S Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David F Fiorentino
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Emma K Lundberg
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Bioengineering and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anton Wutz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Liu S, Chung MP, Ley B, French S, Elicker BM, Fiorentino DF, Chung LS, Boin F, Wolters PJ. Peripheral blood leucocyte telomere length is associated with progression of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Thorax 2021; 76:1186-1192. [PMID: 34272332 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood leucocyte telomere length (PBL-TL) is associated with outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Whether PBL-TL is associated with progression of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is unknown. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was performed using prospectively collected data from 213 patients with SSc followed at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Scleroderma Center. PBL-TL was measured by quantitative PCR of DNA isolated from peripheral blood. Associations between PBL-TL and pulmonary function test trends in patients with SSc-ILD were assessed by longitudinal analysis using Generalised Linear Mixed Models. Findings were validated in a cohort of 61 patients with SSc-ILD enrolled in the Stanford University Scleroderma Center database. RESULTS Patients with UCSF SSc with ILD were found to have shorter PBL-TL compared with those without ILD (6554±671 base pairs (bp) vs 6782±698 bp, p=0.01). Shorter PBL-TL was associated with the presence of ILD (adjusted OR 2.1 per 1000 bp TL decrease, 95% CI [1.25 to 3.70], p=0.006). PBL-TL was shorter in patients with SSc-ILD lacking SSc-specific autoantibodies compared with seropositive subjects (6237±647 bp vs 6651±653 bp, p=0.004). Shorter PBL-TL was associated with increased risk for lung function deterioration with an average of 67 mL greater loss in per year for every 1000 bp decrease in PBL-TL in the combined SSc-ILD cohorts (longitudinal analysis, adjusted model: 95% CI -104 mL to -33 mL, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that telomere dysfunction may be associated with SSc-ILD progression and that PBL-TL measurement may be useful for stratifying risk for SSc-ILD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Melody P Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brett Ley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah French
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brett M Elicker
- Division of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David F Fiorentino
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lorinda S Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Francesco Boin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Haddon DJ, Wand HE, Jarrell JA, Spiera RF, Utz PJ, Gordon JK, Chung LS. Proteomic Analysis of Sera from Individuals with Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis Reveals a Multianalyte Signature Associated with Clinical Improvement during Imatinib Mesylate Treatment. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:631-638. [PMID: 28298564 PMCID: PMC5860882 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imatinib has been investigated for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) because of its ability to inhibit the platelet-derived growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways, which have been implicated in SSc pathogenesis. In a 12-month open-label clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of imatinib in the treatment of diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), significant improvements in skin thickening were observed. Here, we report our analysis of sera collected during the clinical trial. METHODS We measured the levels of 46 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the sera of individuals with dcSSc using Luminex and ELISA. Autoantigen microarrays were used to measure immunoglobulin G reactivity to 28 autoantigens. Elastic net regularization was used to identify a signature that was predictive of clinical improvement (reduction in the modified Rodnan skin score ≥ 5) during treatment with imatinib. The signature was also tested using sera from a clinical trial of nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is structurally related to imatinib, in dcSSc. RESULTS The elastic net algorithm identified a signature, based on levels of CD40 ligand, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4), and anti-PM/Scl-100, that was significantly higher in individuals who experienced clinical improvement than in those who did not (p = 0.0011). The signature was validated using samples from a clinical trial of nilotinib. CONCLUSION Identification of patients with SSc with the greatest probability of benefit from treatment with imatinib has the potential to guide individualized treatment. Validation of the signature will require testing in randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00555581 and NCT01166139.
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Affiliation(s)
- D James Haddon
- From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- D.J. Haddon, PhD, Research Associate, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; H.E. Wand, BS, Genetic Counseling Candidate, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.A. Jarrell, PhD Candidate, Immunology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; R.F. Spiera, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology and Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; P.J. Utz, MD, Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.K. Gordon, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; L.S. Chung, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System
| | - Hannah E Wand
- From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- D.J. Haddon, PhD, Research Associate, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; H.E. Wand, BS, Genetic Counseling Candidate, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.A. Jarrell, PhD Candidate, Immunology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; R.F. Spiera, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology and Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; P.J. Utz, MD, Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.K. Gordon, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; L.S. Chung, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System
| | - Justin A Jarrell
- From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- D.J. Haddon, PhD, Research Associate, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; H.E. Wand, BS, Genetic Counseling Candidate, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.A. Jarrell, PhD Candidate, Immunology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; R.F. Spiera, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology and Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; P.J. Utz, MD, Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.K. Gordon, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; L.S. Chung, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System
| | - Robert F Spiera
- From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- D.J. Haddon, PhD, Research Associate, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; H.E. Wand, BS, Genetic Counseling Candidate, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.A. Jarrell, PhD Candidate, Immunology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; R.F. Spiera, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology and Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; P.J. Utz, MD, Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.K. Gordon, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; L.S. Chung, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System
| | - Paul J Utz
- From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- D.J. Haddon, PhD, Research Associate, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; H.E. Wand, BS, Genetic Counseling Candidate, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.A. Jarrell, PhD Candidate, Immunology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; R.F. Spiera, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology and Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; P.J. Utz, MD, Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.K. Gordon, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; L.S. Chung, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System
| | - Jessica K Gordon
- From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- D.J. Haddon, PhD, Research Associate, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; H.E. Wand, BS, Genetic Counseling Candidate, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.A. Jarrell, PhD Candidate, Immunology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; R.F. Spiera, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology and Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; P.J. Utz, MD, Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.K. Gordon, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; L.S. Chung, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System
| | - Lorinda S Chung
- From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
- D.J. Haddon, PhD, Research Associate, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; H.E. Wand, BS, Genetic Counseling Candidate, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.A. Jarrell, PhD Candidate, Immunology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; R.F. Spiera, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology and Director, Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery; P.J. Utz, MD, Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; J.K. Gordon, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; L.S. Chung, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Palo Alto VA Health Care System.
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