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Escudero D, Astola I, Balboa S, Leoz B, Meilan Á, Del Busto C, Quindós B, Forcelledo L, Vizcaino D, Martín L, Salgado E, Viña L. Clinico-radiological related to early brain death factors. Med Intensiva 2021; 46:1-7. [PMID: 34802992 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and radiological factors associated to early evolution to brain death (BD), defined as occurring within the first 24 h. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was made covering the period 2015-2017. SETTING An adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU). PATIENTS/METHODS Epidemiological, clinical and imaging (CT scan) parameters upon admission to the ICU in patients evolving to BD. RESULTS A total of 166 patients with BD (86 males, mean age 62.7 years) were analyzed. Primary cause: intracerebral hemorrhage 42.8%, subarachnoid hemorrhage 18.7%, traumatic brain injury 17.5%, anoxia 9%, stroke 7.8%, other causes 4.2%. Epidemiological data: arterial hypertension 50%, dyslipidemia 34%, smoking 33%, antiplatelet medication 21%, alcoholism 19%, anticoagulant therapy 15%, diabetes 15%. The Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) upon admission was 3 in 68.8% of the cases in early BD versus in 38.2% of the cases in BD occurring after 24 h (p = 0.0001). Eighty-five patients presented supratentorial hematomas with a volume of 90.9 ml in early BD versus 82.7 ml in BD > 24 h (p = 0.54). The mean midline shift was 10.7 mm in early BD versus 7.8 mm in BD > 24 h (p = 0.045). Ninety-one patients presented ventriculomegaly and 38 additionally ependymal transudation (p = 0.021). Thirty-six patients with early BD versus 24 with BD > 24 h presented complete effacement of basal cisterns (p = 0.005), sulcular effacement (p = 0.013), loss of cortico-subcortical differentiation (p = 0.0001) and effacement of the suprasellar cistern (p = 0.005). The optic nerve sheath measurements showed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Early BD (>24 h) was associated to GCS < 5, midline shift, effacement of the basal cisterns, cerebral sulci and suprasellar cistern, and ependymal transudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Escudero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - I Astola
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - S Balboa
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Leoz
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Á Meilan
- Sección de Neurorradiología, Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - C Del Busto
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Quindós
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - L Forcelledo
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - D Vizcaino
- Sección de Neurorradiología, Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - L Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Salgado
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - L Viña
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Carbonell R, Urgelés S, Rodríguez A, Bodí M, Martín-Loeches I, Solé-Violán J, Díaz E, Gómez J, Trefler S, Vallverdú M, Murcia J, Albaya A, Loza A, Socias L, Ballesteros JC, Papiol E, Viña L, Sancho S, Nieto M, Lorente MDC, Badallo O, Fraile V, Arméstar F, Estella A, Sanchez L, Sancho I, Margarit A, Moreno G. Mortality comparison between the first and second/third waves among 3,795 critical COVID-19 patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU: A multicentre retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 11:100243. [PMID: 34751263 PMCID: PMC8566166 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether the changes in critical care throughout the pandemic have improved the outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in adults with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to 73 ICUs from Spain, Andorra and Ireland between February 2020 and March 2021. The first wave corresponded with the period from February 2020 to June 2020, whereas the second/third waves occurred from July 2020 to March 2021. The primary outcome was ICU mortality between study periods. Mortality predictors and differences in mortality between COVID-19 waves were identified using logistic regression. Findings As of March 2021, the participating ICUs had included 3795 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 2479 (65·3%) and 1316 (34·7%) belonging to the first and second/third waves, respectively. Illness severity scores predicting mortality were lower in the second/third waves compared with the first wave according with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation system (median APACHE II score 12 [IQR 9–16] vs 14 [IQR 10–19]) and the organ failure assessment score (median SOFA 4 [3–6] vs 5 [3–7], p<0·001). The need of invasive mechanical ventilation was high (76·1%) during the whole study period. However, a significant increase in the use of high flow nasal cannula (48·7% vs 18·2%, p<0·001) was found in the second/third waves compared with the first surge. Significant changes on treatments prescribed were also observed, highlighting the remarkable increase on the use of corticosteroids to up to 95.9% in the second/third waves. A significant reduction on the use of tocilizumab was found during the study (first wave 28·9% vs second/third waves 6·2%, p<0·001), and a negligible administration of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and interferon during the second/third waves compared with the first wave. Overall ICU mortality was 30·7% (n = 1166), without significant differences between study periods (first wave 31·7% vs second/third waves 28·8%, p = 0·06). No significant differences were found in ICU mortality between waves according to age subsets except for the subgroup of 61–75 years of age, in whom a reduced unadjusted ICU mortality was observed in the second/third waves (first 38·7% vs second/third 34·0%, p = 0·048). Non-survivors were older, with higher severity of the disease, had more comorbidities, and developed more complications. After adjusting for confounding factors through a multivariable analysis, no significant association was found between the COVID-19 waves and mortality (OR 0·81, 95% CI 0·64–1·03; p = 0·09). Ventilator-associated pneumonia rate increased significantly during the second/third waves and it was independently associated with ICU mortality (OR 1·48, 95% CI 1·19–1·85, p<0·001). Nevertheless, a significant reduction both in the ICU and hospital length of stay in survivors was observed during the second/third waves. Interpretation Despite substantial changes on supportive care and management, we did not find significant improvement on case-fatality rates among critical COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Funding Ricardo Barri Casanovas Foundation (RBCF2020) and SEMICYUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Carbonell
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Silvia Urgelés
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Critical Care Department, URV/IISPV/CIBERES, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Bodí
- Critical Care Department, URV/IISPV/CIBERES, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martín-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Emili Díaz
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Josep Gómez
- Critical Care Department, URV/IISPV/CIBERES, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sandra Trefler
- Critical Care Department, URV/IISPV/CIBERES, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Vallverdú
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Josefa Murcia
- Critical Care Deparment, Hospital Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonio Albaya
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Ana Loza
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Socias
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Elisabeth Papiol
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Viña
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Sancho
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico de La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Nieto
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oihane Badallo
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Virginia Fraile
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Arméstar
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Angel Estella
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Sancho
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Margarit
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra
| | - Gerard Moreno
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- Corresponding author: Gerard Moreno MD, Dr Mallafrè Guasch Street, n° 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Beierlein J, Rozas E, Egorov OA, Klaas M, Yulin A, Suchomel H, Harder TH, Emmerling M, Martín MD, Shelykh IA, Schneider C, Peschel U, Viña L, Höfling S, Klembt S. Propagative Oscillations in Codirectional Polariton Waveguide Couplers. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:075302. [PMID: 33666454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.075302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on novel exciton-polariton routing devices created to study and purposely guide light-matter particles in their condensate phase. In a codirectional coupling device, two waveguides are connected by a partially etched section that facilitates tunable coupling of the adjacent channels. This evanescent coupling of the two macroscopic wave functions in each waveguide reveals itself in real space oscillations of the condensate. This Josephson-like oscillation has only been observed in coupled polariton traps so far. Here, we report on a similar coupling behavior in a controllable, propagative waveguide-based design. By controlling the gap width, channel length, or propagation energy, the exit port of the polariton flow can be chosen. This codirectional polariton device is a passive and scalable coupler element that can serve in compact, next generation logic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beierlein
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Rozas
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Egorov
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Klaas
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Yulin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - H Suchomel
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - T H Harder
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Emmerling
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M D Martín
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - I A Shelykh
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - U Peschel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - L Viña
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - S Klembt
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Escudero D, Astola I, Balboa S, Leoz B, Meilan Á, Del Busto C, Quindós B, Forcelledo L, Vizcaino D, Martín L, Salgado E, Viña L. Clinico-radiological related to early brain death factors. Med Intensiva 2020; 46:S0210-5691(20)30249-7. [PMID: 32873408 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and radiological factors associated to early evolution to brain death (BD), defined as occurring within the first 24 hours. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was made covering the period 2015-2017. SETTING An adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU). PATIENTS/METHODS Epidemiological, clinical and imaging (CT scan) parameters upon admission to the ICU in patients evolving to BD. RESULTS A total of 166 patients with BD (86 males, mean age 62.7 years) were analyzed. Primary cause: intracerebral hemorrhage 42.8%, subarachnoid hemorrhage 18.7%, traumatic brain injury 17.5%, anoxia 9%, stroke 7.8%, other causes 4.2%. Epidemiological data: arterial hypertension 50%, dyslipidemia 34%, smoking 33%, antiplatelet medication 21%, alcoholism 19%, anticoagulant therapy 15%, diabetes 15%. The Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) upon admission was 3 in 68.8% of the cases in early BD versus in 38.2% of the cases in BD occurring after 24 h (p = 0.0001). Eighty-five patients presented supratentorial hematomas with a volume of 90.9 ml in early BD versus 82.7 ml in BD >24 h (p = 0.54). The mean midline shift was 10.7 mm in early BD versus 7.8 mm in BD >24 h (p = 0.045). Ninety-one patients presented ventriculomegaly and 38 additionally ependymal transudation (p = 0.021). Thirty-six patients with early BD versus 24 with BD >24 h presented complete effacement of basal cisterns (p = 0.005), sulcular effacement (p = 0.013), loss of cortico-subcortical differentiation (p = 0.0001) and effacement of the suprasellar cistern (p = 0.005). The optic nerve sheath measurements showed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Early BD (>24 h) was associated to GCS < 5, midline shift, effacement of the basal cisterns, cerebral sulci and suprasellar cistern, and ependymal transudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Escudero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España.
| | - I Astola
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - S Balboa
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - B Leoz
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - Á Meilan
- Sección de Neurorradiología, Servicio de Radiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - C Del Busto
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - B Quindós
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L Forcelledo
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - D Vizcaino
- Sección de Neurorradiología, Servicio de Radiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - E Salgado
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L Viña
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
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Fernández-Barat L, Motos A, Panigada M, Álvarez-Lerma F, Viña L, Lopez-Aladid R, Ceccato A, Bassi GL, Nicolau DP, Lopez Y, Muñoz L, Guerrero L, Soy D, Israel T, Castro P, Torres A. Comparative efficacy of linezolid and vancomycin for endotracheal tube MRSA biofilms from ICU patients. Crit Care 2019; 23:251. [PMID: 31291978 PMCID: PMC6617612 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of systemic treatment with linezolid (LNZ) versus vancomycin (VAN) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) burden and eradication in endotracheal tube (ETT) biofilm and ETT cuff from orotracheally intubated patients with MRSA respiratory infection. METHODS Prospective observational clinical study was carried out at four European tertiary hospitals. Plasma and endotracheal aspirate (ETA) levels of LNZ and VAN were determined 72 h after treatment initiation through high-performance liquid chromatography or bioassay. LNZ or VAN concentration in the ETT biofilm and MRSA burden and eradication was determined upon extubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for LNZ and VAN was assessed by E-test strips (Biomerieux®). Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained, and ETT biofilm thickness was compared between groups. RESULTS Twenty-five patients, 15 treated with LNZ and 10 with VAN, were included in the study. LNZ presented a significantly higher concentration (μg/mL) than VAN in ETT biofilm (72.8 [1.3-127.1] vs 0.4 [0.4-1.3], p < 0.001), although both drugs achieved therapeutic plasma levels 72 h after treatment initiation. Systemic treatment with LNZ achieved lower ETT cuff MRSA burdens than systemic treatment with VAN. Indeed, LNZ increased the MRSA eradication rate in ETT cuff compared with VAN (LNZ 75%, VAN 20%, p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS In ICU patients with MRSA respiratory infection intubated for long periods, systemic treatment with LNZ obtains a greater beneficial effect than VAN in limiting MRSA burden in ETT cuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Fernández-Barat
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain. .,Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Motos
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauro Panigada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Álvarez-Lerma
- Critical Care Department, Hospital del Mar, Critical Illness Research Group (GREPAC), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Viña
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ruben Lopez-Aladid
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Ceccato
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David P Nicolau
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Yuli Lopez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínic, CRESIB ISglobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínic, CRESIB ISglobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Guerrero
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Soy
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Pharmacy Service, Division of Medicines, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Israel
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Castro
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Cellex Laboratory, CibeRes ((Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 06/06/0028), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, 08036, Cellex laboratory, Barcelona, Spain. .,Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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López-Amor L, Escudero D, Fernández J, Martín-Iglesias L, Viña L, Fernández-Suárez J, Leal-Negredo Á, Leoz B, Álvarez-García L, Castelló-Abietar C, Boga JA, Vázquez F. [Meningitis/Encephalitis diagnosis in ICU using Multiplex PCR system: Is it time of change?]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2019; 32:246-253. [PMID: 30980520 PMCID: PMC6609945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical impact of Meningitis/Encephalitis FilmArray® panel for the diagnosis of cerebral nervous system infection and to compare the results (including time for diagnosis) with those obtained by conventional microbiological techniques. METHODS A prospective observational study in an Intensive Care Unit of adults from a tertiary hospital was carried out. Cerebrospinal fluid from all patients was taken by lumbar puncture and assessed by the meningitis/encephalitis FilmArray® panel ME, cytochemical study, Gram, and conventional microbiological cultures. RESULTS A total of 21 patients admitted with suspicion of Meningitis/Encephalitis. Median age of patients was 58.4 years (RIQ 38.1-67.3), median APACHE II 18 (RIQ 12-24). Median stay in ICU and median hospital stay was 4 (RIQ 2-6) and 17 days (RIQ 14-28), respectively. The overall mortality was 14.3%. A final clinical diagnosis of meningitis or encephalitis was established in 16 patients, obtaining the etiological diagnosis in 12 of them (75%). The most frequent etiology was Streptococcus pneumoniae (8 cases). FilmArray® allowed etiological diagnosis in 3 cases in which the culture had been negative, and the results led to changes in the empirical antimicrobial therapy in 7 of 16 cases (43.8%). FilmArray® yielded a global sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90%, respectively. The median time to obtain results from the latter and conventional culture (including antibiogram) was 2.9 hours (RIQ 2.1-3.8) and 45.1 hours (RIQ 38.9-58.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Meningitis/Encephalitis FilmArray® panel was able to establish the etiologic diagnosis faster than conventional methods. Also, it achieved a better sensitivity and led to prompt targeted antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Amor
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España,Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias),Correspondencia: Lucía López-Amor Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Avenida de Roma s/n 33011 Oviedo. Teléfono 985108000 Extensión 38162.Fax 985108777 E-mail:
| | - Dolores Escudero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España,Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias)
| | - Javier Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias),Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España
| | - Lorena Martín-Iglesias
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España,Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias)
| | - Lucía Viña
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España,Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias)
| | - Jonathan Fernández-Suárez
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias),Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España
| | - Álvaro Leal-Negredo
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias),Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España
| | - Blanca Leoz
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España,Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias)
| | - Laura Álvarez-García
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España,Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias)
| | - Cristian Castelló-Abietar
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias),Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España
| | - José Antonio Boga
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias),Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España
| | - Fernando Vázquez
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional del ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias),Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. España,Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo. España.,Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo. España
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7
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López-Amor L, Viña L, Martín L, Calleja C, Rodríguez-García R, Astola I, Forcelledo L, Álvarez-García L, Díaz-Gómez C, Fernández-Domínguez J, Vázquez F, Escudero D. Infectious complications related to external ventricular shunt. Incidence and risk factors. Rev Esp Quimioter 2017; 30:327-333. [PMID: 28749123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infectious complications related to external ventricular shunt (ICREVS) are a main problem in neurocritical intensive care units (ICU). The aim of the review is to assess the incidence of ICREVS and to analyse factors involved. METHODS Retrospective analysis, adult polyvalent ICU in a third level reference hospital. Patients carrying external ventricular shunt (DVE) were included. Those patients with central nervous system infection diagnosed prior DVE placement were excluded. RESULTS 87 patients were included with 106 DVE. Most common admittance diagnosis was subarachnoid haemorrhage (49.4%). 31 patients with 32 DVE developed an ICREVS. Infection rate is 19.5 per 1000 days of shunt for ICREVS and 14 per 1000 days for ventriculitis. 31.6% of the patients developed ICREVS and 25.3% ventriculitis. Patients who developed ICREVS presented higher shunt manipulations (2.0 ± 0.6 vs. 3.26 ± 1.02, p=0.02), shunt repositioning (0.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1) and ICU and hospital stay (29.8 ± 4.9 vs 49.8 ± 5.2, p<0.01 y 67.4 ± 18.8 vs. 108.9 ± 30.2, p=0.02. Those DVE with ICREVS were placed for longer not only at infection diagnosis but also at removal (12.6 ± 2.1 vs. 18.3 ± 3.6 and 12.6 ± 2.1 vs. 30.4 ± 7.3 days, p<0.01). No difference in mortality was found. CONCLUSIONS One out of three patients with a DVE develops an infection. The risk factors are the number of manipulations, repositioning and the permanency days. Patients with ICREVS had a longer ICU and hospital average stay without an increase in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Amor
- Lucía López Amor, Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Avenida de Roma s/n 33011 Oviedo. Asturias, Spain.
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8
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Rodríguez-García R, Espina MJ, Viña L, Astola I, López-Amor L, Escudero D. Treatment with carfilzomib. Should these patients be admitted in the Intensive Care Unit? Med Intensiva 2017; 42:60-62. [PMID: 28318679 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Rodríguez-García
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España.
| | - M J Espina
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L Viña
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - I Astola
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L López-Amor
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - D Escudero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
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9
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Escudero D, Melón S, Rodríguez-García R, Viña L, Astola I, Vázquez F. [Varicella Zoster with fulminant multiorgan failure after high-dose corticosteroids]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2016; 29:342-344. [PMID: 27701617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Escudero
- Dolores Escudero, Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Av. Roma s/n 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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10
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Astola I, Escudero D, Forcelledo L, Viña L, Vigil C, González F. The role of 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in ruling out vegetative state. Med Intensiva 2016; 41:127-129. [PMID: 27444799 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Astola
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
| | - D Escudero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - L Forcelledo
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - L Viña
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - C Vigil
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - F González
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
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11
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Escudero D, Martín L, Viña L, Forcelledo L, García-Arias B, López-Amor L. Abrir las puertas de la UCI. Una necesidad inexcusable. Med Intensiva 2015; 39:522-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Escudero D, Martín L, Viña L, Quindós B, Espina MJ, Forcelledo L, López-Amor L, García-Arias B, del Busto C, de Cima S, Fernández-Rey E. [Visitation policy, design and comfort in Spanish intensive care units]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 30:243-50. [PMID: 26346582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cali.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the design and comfort in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs), by analysing visiting hours, information, and family participation in patient care. DESIGN Descriptive, multicentre study. SETTING Spanish ICUs. METHODS A questionnaire e-mailed to members of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Critical and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), subscribers of the Electronic Journal Intensive Care Medicine, and disseminated through the blog Proyecto HU-CI. RESULTS A total of 135 questionnaires from 131 hospitals were analysed. Visiting hours: 3.8% open 24h, 9.8% open daytime, and 67.7% have 2 visits a day. Information: given only by the doctor in 75.2% of the cases, doctor and nurse together in 4.5%, with a frequency of once a day in 79.7%. During weekends, information is given in 95.5% of the cases. Information given over the phone 74.4%. Family participation in patient care: hygiene 11%, feeding 80.5%, physiotherapy 17%. Personal objects allowed: mobile phone 41%, computer 55%, sound system 77%, and television 30%. Architecture and comfort: all individual cubicles 60.2%, natural light 54.9%, television 7.5%, ambient music 12%, clock in the cubicle 15.8%, environmental noise meter 3.8%, and a waiting room near the ICU 68.4%. CONCLUSIONS Visiting policy is restrictive, with a closed ICU being the predominating culture. On average, technological communication devices are not allowed. Family participation in patient care is low. The ICU design does not guarantee privacy or provide a desirable level of comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Escudero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España.
| | - L Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L Viña
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - B Quindós
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - M J Espina
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L Forcelledo
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - L López-Amor
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - B García-Arias
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - C del Busto
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - S de Cima
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - E Fernández-Rey
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
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13
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Escudero D, Otero J, Quindós B, Viña L. Limitaciones del Doppler transcraneal en el diagnóstico de la muerte encefálica. Med Intensiva 2015; 39:324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Spano R, Cuadra J, Lingg C, Sanvitto D, Martin MD, Eastham PR, van der Poel M, Hvam JM, Viña L. Build up of off-diagonal long-range order in microcavity exciton-polaritons across the parametric threshold. Opt Express 2013; 21:10792-10800. [PMID: 23669936 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.010792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of the spontaneous spatial and temporal coherence of polariton condensates generated in the optical parametric oscillator configuration, below and at the parametric threshold, and as a function of condensate area. Above the threshold we obtain very long coherence times (up to 3 ns) and a spatial coherence extending over the entire condensate (40 μm). The very long coherence time and its dependence on condensate area and pump power reflect the suppression of polariton-polariton interactions by an effect equivalent to motional narrowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spano
- Dept Física Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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15
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Adrados C, Liew TCH, Amo A, Martín MD, Sanvitto D, Antón C, Giacobino E, Kavokin A, Bramati A, Viña L. Motion of spin polariton bullets in semiconductor microcavities. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:146402. [PMID: 22107218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.146402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of optical switching in semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime is studied by using time- and spatially resolved spectroscopy. The switching is triggered by polarized short pulses which create spin bullets of high polariton density. The spin packets travel with speeds of the order of 10(6) m/s due to the ballistic propagation and drift of exciton polaritons from high to low density areas. The speed is controlled by the angle of incidence of the excitation beams, which changes the polariton group velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adrados
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, École Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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16
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Tosi G, Marchetti FM, Sanvitto D, Antón C, Szymańska MH, Berceanu A, Tejedor C, Marrucci L, Lemaître A, Bloch J, Viña L. Onset and dynamics of vortex-antivortex pairs in polariton optical parametric oscillator superfluids. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:036401. [PMID: 21838381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study, both theoretically and experimentally, the occurrence of topological defects in polariton superfluids in the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) regime. We explain in terms of local supercurrents the deterministic behavior of both the onset and dynamics of vortex-antivortex pairs generated by perturbing the system with a pulsed probe. Using a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, including photonic disorder, pumping and decay, we elucidate the reason why topological defects form in couples and can be detected by direct visualizations in multishot OPO experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tosi
- Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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17
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Escudero D, Molina R, Viña L, Rodríguez P, Marqués L, Fernández E, Forcelledo L, Otero J, Taboada F, Vega P, Murias E, Gil A. Tratamiento endovascular y trombólisis intraarterial en el ictus isquémico agudo. Med Intensiva 2010; 34:370-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Sanvitto D, Amo A, Laussy FP, Lemaître A, Bloch J, Tejedor C, Viña L. Polariton condensates put in motion. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:134025. [PMID: 20208103 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/13/134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present several examples of the interesting phenomenology shown by a moving polariton condensate in semiconductor microcavities. The superfluid behavior is probed by colliding the polariton condensate against physical obstacles in the form of natural defects of the sample, demonstrating a clear suppression of scattering when the speed of the flow lies below the critical velocity. At higher velocities Cerenkov-like shock waves around the defect and disruption of the condensate are also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanvitto
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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del Valle E, Sanvitto D, Amo A, Laussy FP, André R, Tejedor C, Viña L. Dynamics of the formation and decay of coherence in a polariton condensate. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:096404. [PMID: 19792816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.096404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of the formation and decay of a condensate of microcavity polaritons. We investigate the relationship among the number of particles, the emission linewidth, and its degree of linear polarization, which serves as the order parameter. Tracking the condensate formation, we show that coherence is not determined only by occupation of the ground state, bringing new insights into the determining factors for Bose-Einstein condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E del Valle
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO171BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
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20
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Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Amo A, Viña L, Wouters M, Carusotto I, Lemaitre A, Bloch J. Observation of long-lived polariton states in semiconductor microcavities across the parametric threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:056402. [PMID: 19257528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excitation spectrum around the pump-only stationary state of a polariton optical parametric oscillator in semiconductor microcavities is investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence. The response to a weak pulsed perturbation in the vicinity of the idler mode is directly related to the lifetime of the elementary excitations. A dramatic increase of the lifetime is observed for a pump intensity approaching and exceeding the optical parametric oscillator threshold. The observations can be explained in terms of a critical slowing down of the dynamics upon approaching the threshold and the following appearance of a soft Goldstone mode in the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ballarini
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Sapienza R, García PD, Bertolotti J, Martín MD, Blanco A, Viña L, López C, Wiersma DS. Observation of resonant behavior in the energy velocity of diffused light. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:233902. [PMID: 18233364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.233902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we demonstrate Mie resonances mediated transport of light in randomly arranged, monodisperse dielectric spheres packed at high filling fractions. By means of both static and dynamic optical experiments we show resonant behavior in the key transport parameters and, in particular, we find that the energy transport velocity, which is lower than the group velocity, also displays a resonant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sapienza
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid , Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid España.
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22
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Martín MD, Aichmayr G, Amo A, Ballarini D, Kłopotowski L, Viña L. Polariton and spin dynamics in semiconductor microcavities under non-resonant excitation. J Phys Condens Matter 2007; 19:295204. [PMID: 21483056 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/29/295204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor microcavities offer an ideal scenario to study strong radiation-matter interactions. In this paper we review the temporal dynamics of polaritons in II-VI and III-V based microcavities under non-resonant excitation conditions. We present evidence of final-state stimulated scattering and discuss the spin-dependent emission, which exhibits a remarkably rich behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Martín
- SEMICUAM. Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Martín MD, Ballarini D, Amo A, Kłopotowsi Ł, Viña L, Kavokin AV, André R. Striking dynamics of II-VI microcavity polaritons after linearly polarized excitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200562036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Amo A, Martín MD, Ballarini D, Viña L, Sanvitto D, Skolnick MS, Roberts JS. Angular switching of the linear polarization of the emission in InGaAs microcavities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200562002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Martín MD, Aichmayr G, Viña L, André R. Polarization control of the nonlinear emission of semiconductor microcavities. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:077402. [PMID: 12190556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.077402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The degree of circular polarization ( Weierstrass p ) of the nonlinear emission in semiconductor microcavities is controlled by changing the exciton-cavity detuning. The polariton relaxation towards K approximately 0 cavitylike states is governed by final-state stimulated scattering. The helicity of the emission is selected due to the lifting of the degeneracy of the +/-1 spin levels at K approximately 0. At short times after a pulsed excitation Weierstrass p reaches very large values, either positive or negative, as a result of stimulated scattering to the spin level of lowest energy (+1/-1 spin for positive/negative detuning).
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Martín
- Departamento de Física de Materiales C-IV, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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26
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González S, Viña L, Nazábal C, Chinea G, Caballero E, Musacchio A. B-cell epitope mapping of the Neisseria meningitidis P64k protein using overlapping peptides. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2000; 32:1-8. [PMID: 10918031 DOI: 10.1042/ba19990115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A common meningococcal antigen designated P64k has been identified, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant antigen is highly immunogenic in several animal species and its immunogenicity in healthy human volunteers is under investigation. Recently, P64k has been used as an immunological carrier for weak immunogens. To characterize the B-cell epitopes on P64k, recognized by immune sera obtained from mice, rabbits and monkeys, multiple overlapping peptides were synthesized and screened for antibody binding. Peptides covering the complete sequence of the P64k protein, 59 in all, of 20 amino acids each (overlapped by 10 residues), were synthesized. A number of continuous epitopes were detected with all sera, when immune and pre-immune bleeds were compared. For mouse and monkey sera, a few major antigenic peptides were identified, while the recognition of the rabbit serum was much more heterogeneous. Despite variation in the exact location of continuous epitopes defined by different anti-P64k sera, we found an immunogenic core region within the molecule, composed of amino acids Asp(524)-Gly(533). Consistently, in this protein segment there was an amino acid stretch located in a beta-hairpin loop, which is exposed to the solvent in the previously determined three-dimensional structure of the protein. This region is protruding and accessible to a sphere with a radius of 9 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S González
- Division of Vaccines, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba.
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Abstract
Previously, the P64k meningococcal protein, an antigen of 64 kDa expressed in Escherichia coli, has been extensively characterized. We have successfully conjugated several synthetic peptides and meningococcal group C polysaccharide to P64k. In three out of four model peptides, the murine humoral immune response against the homologous peptide, evaluated after three doses of conjugate, was higher in the animals immunized with the coupled peptide than in those that received free peptide. The fourth and largest was immunogenic by itself. Similarly, the antigroup C polysaccharide levels reached by conjugated polysaccharide were significantly higher than those produced against unconjugated polysaccharide. As a carrier for one of the peptides, P64k was compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetanus toxoid (TT), being able to induce slightly higher or similar antipeptide antibody levels than these well-establish protein carriers. Our results suggest that recombinant P64k protein could be a readily available immunological carrier, as efficient as other commonly used large carrier molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S González
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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González S, Nazábal C, Viña L, Caballero E. Influence of several adjuvants on the immune response against a recombinant meningococcal high molecular weight antigen. Dev Biol Stand 1998; 92:269-76. [PMID: 9580372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studying outer membrane proteins as vaccine candidates, our group has previously isolated, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli the gene encoding for a high molecular weight protein (P64k), common to many meningococcal strains. To continue the characterisation of this meningococcal antigen, we have evaluated its immunogenicity in mice alone or combined with several commercially-available adjuvants. We used as an adjuvant aluminium hydroxide (Alhydrogel and Rehydragel), aluminium phosphate, Algammulin, crude saponin, the saponin Quil A, dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), Freund's adjuvant, and Montanide 888. The antibody titres against the recombinant protein and whole meningococci elicited with these adjuvants were compared. We found that Quil A produced the highest titres against the recombinant P64k. Algammulin and the quaternary ammonium compound DDA induced the highest levels of antibodies against meningococci. We analysed the recognition of a set of linear peptides by antisera prepared against the protein combined with some of the adjuvants. The responses depended on the adjuvant used and the results have been confirmed by epitope mapping using overlapping peptides synthesised on pins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S González
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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Fernández-Rossier J, Tejedor C, Muñoz L, Viña L. Polarized interacting exciton gas in quantum wells and bulk semiconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:11582-11591. [PMID: 9984947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.11582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Viña L, Muñoz L, Pérez E, Fernández-Rossier J, Tejedor C, Ploog K. Spin splitting in a polarized quasi-two-dimensional exciton gas. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:R8317-R8320. [PMID: 9984584 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r8317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Viña L, Calleja JM, Cros A, Cantarero A, Berendschot T, Perenboom JA, Ploog K. Role of excitons in double Raman resonances in GaAs quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:3975-3982. [PMID: 9983950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Muñoz L, Pérez E, Viña L, Ploog K. Spin relaxation in intrinsic GaAs quantum wells: Influence of excitonic localization. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:4247-4257. [PMID: 9979265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Viña L, Muñoz L, Mestres N, Koteles ES, Ghiti A, O'Reilly EP, Bertolet DC, Lau KM. Valence-band-shape modification due to band coupling in strained quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:13926-13929. [PMID: 10005727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Viña L, Umbach C, Compaan A, Cardona M, Axmann A. THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF HEAVILY DOPED ION IMPLANTED LASER ANNEALED SILICON : ELLIPSOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1051/jphyscol:1983532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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