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Leysen S, Burnley RJ, Rodriguez E, Milroy LG, Soini L, Adamski CJ, Nitschke L, Davis R, Obsil T, Brunsveld L, Crabbe T, Zoghbi HY, Ottmann C, Davis JM. A Structural Study of the Cytoplasmic Chaperone Effect of 14-3-3 Proteins on Ataxin-1. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167174. [PMID: 34302818 PMCID: PMC8505757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the N terminus of Ataxin-1 is the main cause of the neurodegenerative disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). However, the C-terminal part of the protein - including its AXH domain and a phosphorylation on residue serine 776 - also plays a crucial role in disease development. This phosphorylation event is known to be crucial for the interaction of Ataxin-1 with the 14-3-3 adaptor proteins and has been shown to indirectly contribute to Ataxin-1 stability. Here we show that 14-3-3 also has a direct anti-aggregation or "chaperone" effect on Ataxin-1. Furthermore, we provide structural and biophysical information revealing how phosphorylated S776 in the intrinsically disordered C terminus of Ataxin-1 mediates the cytoplasmic interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Based on these findings, we propose that 14-3-3 exerts the observed chaperone effect by interfering with Ataxin-1 dimerization through its AXH domain, reducing further self-association. The chaperone effect is particularly important in the context of SCA1, as it was previously shown that a soluble form of mutant Ataxin-1 is the major driver of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Leysen
- Global Chemistry, UCB Biopharma UK, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | | | | | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Soini
- Global Chemistry, UCB Biopharma UK, Slough SL1 3WE, UK; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Carolyn J Adamski
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Larissa Nitschke
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Davis
- Global Chemistry, UCB Biopharma UK, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Lucas Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Crabbe
- Immuno-Bone Discovery, UCB Biopharma UK, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Huda Yahya Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands
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2
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Schill J, Ferrazzano L, Tolomelli A, Schenning APHJ, Brunsveld L. Fluorene benzothiadiazole co-oligomer based aqueous self-assembled nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:444-450. [PMID: 35492532 PMCID: PMC9047964 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled π-conjugated nanoparticles with tunable optical characteristics are appealing for sensing and imaging applications due to their intrinsic fluorescence, supramolecular organization and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Schill
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - L. Ferrazzano
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - A. Tolomelli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - A. P. H. J. Schenning
- Functional Organic Materials and Devices
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - L. Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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3
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Schmitz EMH, Boekema PJ, Straathof JWA, van Renswouw DC, Brunsveld L, Scharnhorst V, van de Poll MEC, Broeren MAC, Derijks LJJ. Switching from infliximab innovator to biosimilar in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a 12-month multicentre observational prospective cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:356-363. [PMID: 29205444 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab biosimilars have become available for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, data showing long-term safety and effectiveness of biosimilars in IBD patients are limited. AIM To study prospectively the switch from infliximab innovator to biosimilar in an IBD cohort with 12 months follow-up to evaluate safety and effectiveness. METHODS Adult IBD patients from two hospitals treated with infliximab innovator (Remicade; Janssen Biotech, Horsham , Pennsylvania, USA) were switched to infliximab biosimilar (Inflectra; Hospira, Lake Forest, Illinois, USA) as part of routine care, but in a controlled setting. Blood samples were taken just before the first, second, fourth and seventh infusion of biosimilar. Infliximab trough levels, antibodies-to-infliximab (ATI), CRP and ESR were measured and disease activity scores were calculated. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 133 IBD patients (64% CD, 36% UC). Before switching we found widely varying infliximab levels (median 3.5 μg/mL). ATI were detected in eight patients (6%). Most patients were in remission or had mild disease (CD: 82% UC: 90%). After switching to biosimilar, 35 patients (26%) discontinued therapy within 12 months, mostly due to subjective higher disease activity (9%) and adverse events (AE, 9.8%). AE included general malaise/fatigue (n = 7), arthralgia (n = 2), skin problems (n = 2) and infusion reactions (n = 2). No differences in IFX levels, CRP, and disease activity scores were found between the four time points (P ≥ .0917). CONCLUSIONS We found no differences in drug levels and disease activity between infliximab innovator and biosimilar in our IBD cohort, indicating that biosimilars are safe and effective. The high proportions of discontinuers were mostly due to elective withdrawal or subjective disease worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M H Schmitz
- Clinical Laboratory, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Expert Center Clinical Chemistry, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P J Boekema
- Department of Gastroenterology, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven and Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J W A Straathof
- Department of Gastroenterology, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven and Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - D C van Renswouw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Elkerliek Hospital, Helmond, The Netherlands
| | - L Brunsveld
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - V Scharnhorst
- Expert Center Clinical Chemistry, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M E C van de Poll
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M A C Broeren
- Clinical Laboratory, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Expert Center Clinical Chemistry, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L J J Derijks
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
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Dorokhin D, van IJzendoorn LJ, de Jong AM, Nieto L, Brunsveld L, Orsel JG, Prins MWJ. Molecular interference in antibody-antigen interaction studied with magnetic force immunoassay. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:450-7. [PMID: 25676839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular interferences are an important challenge in biotechnologies based on antibody-antigen interactions, such as sandwich immunoassays. We report how a sandwich immunoassay with magnetic particles as label can be used to probe interference by surfactants. Surfactants are often used to improve the performance of immunoassays, however the surfactants can affect the involved proteins and the mechanism of action of surfactant molecules on the antibody-antigen system is mostly unknown. As an example, we investigated molecular interference by a nonionic surfactant (Pluronic F-127) in a cardiac troponin (cTn) sandwich immunoassay with two monoclonal antibodies. The influence of the surfactant below the critical micelle concentration (0.00-0.04%) on dissociation properties was quantified in a magnetic tweezers setup, where a force is applied to the molecules via magnetic particle labels. The force-dependent dissociation curves revealed the existence of two distinct cTn-dependent bond types, namely a weak bond attributable to non-specific binding of cTn, and a strong bond attributable to the specific binding of cTn. The dissociation rate constant of the strong bonds increased with the surfactant concentration by about a factor of two. Circular dichroism spectroscopy data showed that the nonionic surfactant influences the conformation of cTn while not noticeably affecting the two monoclonal antibodies. This suggests that the surfactant-induced increase of the dissociation rate of the specific sandwich-type cTn binding may be related to a conformational change of the antigen molecule. The described methodology is an effective tool to study the influence of surfactants and other interferences on assays based on protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dorokhin
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L J van IJzendoorn
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A M de Jong
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L Nieto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L Brunsveld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J G Orsel
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 11, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M W J Prins
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Neirynck P, Schimer J, Jonkheijm P, Milroy LG, Cigler P, Brunsveld L. Carborane–β-cyclodextrin complexes as a supramolecular connector for bioactive surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:539-545. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular carborane–β-cyclodextrin system allows for effective monovalent immobilization of biologically active peptides resulting in efficient cell adhesion and spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Neirynck
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - J. Schimer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Jonkheijm
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Department of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - L.-G. Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - P. Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - L. Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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6
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Schmitz EMH, Boonen K, van den Heuvel DJA, van Dongen JLJ, Schellings MWM, Emmen JMA, van der Graaf F, Brunsveld L, van de Kerkhof D. Determination of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban by ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and coagulation assays for therapy monitoring of novel direct oral anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1636-46. [PMID: 25142183 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have recently been registered by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency Commission: dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. To quantify DOACs in plasma, various dedicated coagulation assays have been developed. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a reference ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method and to evaluate the analytical performance of several coagulation assays for quantification of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. METHODS The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was validated by determination of precision, accuracy, specificity, matrix effects, lower limits of detection, carry-over, recovery, stability, and robustness. The following coagulation assays were evaluated for accuracy and precision: laboratory-developed (LD) diluted thrombin time (dTT), Hemoclot dTT, Pefakit PiCT, ECA, Liquid anti-Xa, Biophen Heparin (LRT), and Biophen DiXal anti-Xa. Agreement between the various coagulation assays and UPLC-MS/MS was determined with random samples from patients using dabigatran or rivaroxaban. RESULTS The UPLC-MS/MS method was shown to be accurate, precise, sensitive, stable, and robust. The dabigatran coagulation assay showing the best precision, accuracy and agreement with the UPLC-MS/MS method was the LD dTT test. For rivaroxaban, the anti-factor Xa assays were superior to the PiCT-Xa assay with regard to precision, accuracy, and agreement with the reference method. For apixaban, the Liquid anti-Xa assay was superior to the PiCT-Xa assay. CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant differences were observed between the various coagulation assays as compared with the UPLC-MS/MS reference method. It is currently unknown whether these differences are clinically relevant. When DOACs are quantified with coagulation assays, comparison with a reference method as part of proficiency testing is therefore pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M H Schmitz
- Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Görmer K, Bürger M, Kruijtzer JAW, Vetter I, Vartak N, Brunsveld L, Bastiaens PIH, Liskamp RMJ, Triola G, Waldmann H. Chemical-biological exploration of the limits of the Ras de- and repalmitoylating machinery. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1017-23. [PMID: 22488913 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic de-/repalmitoylation cycle determines localization and activity of H- and N-Ras. This combined cellular de- and repalmitoylation machinery has been shown to be substrate tolerant--it accepts variation of amino acid sequence, structure and configuration. Here, semisynthetic Ras-proteins in which the C-terminal amino acids are replaced by peptoid residues are used to reveal the first limitations of substrate recognition by the de- and repalmitoylating machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Görmer
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Teunissen S, Rosing H, Seoane MD, Brunsveld L, Schellens J, Schinkel A, Beijnen J. Investigational study of tamoxifen phase I metabolites using chromatographic and spectroscopic analytical techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:518-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Teunissen SF, Rosing H, Brunsveld L, de Greef TFA, Durmus S, Schellens JHM, Schinkel AH, Beijnen JH. Analysis of 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and Its Phase I and Phase II Metabolites in Mouse Urine Using LC–UV–MS–MS. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Triola G, Gerauer M, Görmer K, Brunsveld L, Waldmann H. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lipidated Ras Peptides Employing the Ellman Sulfonamide Linker. Chemistry 2010; 16:9585-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rocks O, Gerauer M, Vartak N, Koch S, Huang ZP, Pechlivanis M, Kuhlmann J, Brunsveld L, Chandra A, Ellinger B, Waldmann H, Bastiaens PIH. The palmitoylation machinery is a spatially organizing system for peripheral membrane proteins. Cell 2010; 141:458-71. [PMID: 20416930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reversible S-palmitoylation of cysteine residues critically controls transient membrane tethering of peripheral membrane proteins. Little is known about how the palmitoylation machinery governs their defined localization and function. We monitored the spatially resolved reaction dynamics and substrate specificity of the core mammalian palmitoylation machinery using semisynthetic substrates. Palmitoylation is detectable only on the Golgi, whereas depalmitoylation occurs everywhere in the cell. The reactions are not stereoselective and lack any primary consensus sequence, demonstrating that substrate specificity is not essential for de-/repalmitoylation. Both palmitate attachment and removal require seconds to accomplish. This reaction topography and rapid kinetics allows the continuous redirection of mislocalized proteins via the post-Golgi sorting apparatus. Unidirectional secretion ensures the maintenance of a proper steady-state protein distribution between the Golgi and the plasma membrane, which are continuous with endosomes. This generic spatially organizing system differs from conventional receptor-mediated targeting mechanisms and efficiently counteracts entropy-driven redistribution of palmitoylated peripheral membrane proteins over all membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rocks
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Gelb MH, Brunsveld L, Hrycyna CA, Michaelis S, Tamanoi F, Van Voorhis WC, Waldmann H. Therapeutic intervention based on protein prenylation and associated modifications. Nat Chem Biol 2006; 2:518-28. [PMID: 16983387 PMCID: PMC2892741 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, a specific set of proteins are modified by C-terminal attachment of 15-carbon farnesyl groups or 20-carbon geranylgeranyl groups that function both as anchors for fixing proteins to membranes and as molecular handles for facilitating binding of these lipidated proteins to other proteins. Additional modification of these prenylated proteins includes C-terminal proteolysis and methylation, and attachment of a 16-carbon palmitoyl group; these modifications augment membrane anchoring and alter the dynamics of movement of proteins between different cellular membrane compartments. The enzymes in the protein prenylation pathway have been isolated and characterized. Blocking protein prenylation is proving to be therapeutically useful for the treatment of certain cancers, infection by protozoan parasites and the rare genetic disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Brunsveld L, Vekemans JJ, Janssen HM, Meijer EW. The Influence of Lithium Perchlorate on Discotic Liquid Crystals and the Ion Conduction of their Mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259908047545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Brunsveld
- a Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 , MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - J.A. J.M. Vekemans
- a Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 , MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - H. M. Janssen
- a Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 , MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- a Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 , MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
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Abstract
In this review, an overview is given and details are provided for the synthesis of lipidated Ras (rat-adeno-sarcoma)-peptides and -proteins. The progress made in the synthesis of the lipidated peptides from the Ras superfamily is discussed with special emphasis on the recently developed solid-phase synthesis methods, since these methods have turned out to be the preferred synthesis method for the majority of the required peptides. Solid-phase lipopeptide synthesis has given access to native and modified peptides on a scale that allows peptide-consuming studies like for ligation to proteins and concomitant X-ray crystal structure determination. The access to these peptides has also enabled biological questions concerning these peptides and proteins to be resolved. The review describes different solid-phase methods, which are individually suited for different types of lipopeptides, differing for example in lipidation pattern or amino acid side-chain functionality, and their ligation to proteins. Finally, an example is provided how these peptides can serve to resolve biological aspects of the Ras family GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brunsveld
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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15
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Goody RS, Durek T, Waldmann H, Brunsveld L, Alexandrov K. Application of protein semisynthesis for the construction of functionalized posttranslationally modified rab GTPases. Methods Enzymol 2006; 403:29-42. [PMID: 16473575 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)03004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Rab GTPases represent a family of key membrane traffic regulators in eukaryotic cells. To exert their function, Rab proteins must be modified with one or two geranylgeranyl moieties. This modification enables them to reversibly associate with intracellular membranes. In vivo the newly synthesized Rab proteins are recruited by Rab escort protein (REP) that presents them to the Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (Rab GGTase), which transfers one or two geranylgeranyl moieties to the C-terminal cysteines. Detailed understanding of the mechanism of prenylation reaction and subsequent membrane delivery of Rab proteins to the target membranes were hampered by lack of efficient technologies for the generation of preparative amounts of prenylated Rab GTPases. To circumvent this problem, we developed an approach that combines recombinant protein production, chemical synthesis of lipidated peptides with precisely designed and readily alterable structures, and a technique for peptide-to-protein ligation. Using this approach, we generated a number of semisynthetic prenylated Rab GTPases. Some of the proteins were also supplemented with fluorophores, which enabled us to develop a fluorescence-based in vitro prenylation assay. The approach described allows production of preparative amounts of prenylated GTPases, which was demonstrated by generation and crystallization of a monoprenylated YPT1:Rab GDI complex.
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Rak A, Pylypenko O, Durek T, Watzke A, Kushnir S, Brunsveld L, Waldmann H, Goody SR, Alexandrov K. In vitroprotein ligation and its application in structural analysis of lipidated proteins. Acta Crystallogr A 2004. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767304099842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rak A, Pylypenko O, Durek T, Watzke A, Kushnir S, Brunsveld L, Waldmann H, Goody RS, Alexandrov K. Structure of Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor in complex with prenylated YPT1 GTPase. Science 2003; 302:646-50. [PMID: 14576435 DOI: 10.1126/science.1087761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rab/Ypt guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) represent a family of key membrane traffic regulators in eukaryotic cells whose function is governed by the guanosine diphosphate (GDP) dissociation inhibitor (RabGDI). Using a combination of chemical synthesis and protein engineering, we generated and crystallized the monoprenylated Ypt1:RabGDI complex. The structure of the complex was solved to 1.5 angstrom resolution and provides a structural basis for the ability of RabGDI to inhibit the release of nucleotide by Rab proteins. Isoprenoid binding requires a conformational change that opens a cavity in the hydrophobic core of its domain II. Analysis of the structure provides a molecular basis for understanding a RabGDI mutant that causes mental retardation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Rak
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Bosnian A, Brunsveld L, Folmer B, Sijbesma R, Meijer E. Supramolecular polymers: from scientific curiosity to technological reality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200351117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Brunsveld L, Vekemans JAJM, Hirschberg JHKK, Sijbesma RP, Meijer EW. Hierarchical formation of helical supramolecular polymers via stacking of hydrogen-bonded pairs in water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:4977-82. [PMID: 11929978 PMCID: PMC122706 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.072659099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional ureido-s-triazines provided with penta(ethylene oxide) side chains are able to self assemble in water, leading to helical columns via cooperative stacking of the hydrogen-bonded pairs (DADA array). Monofunctional ureido-s-triazines do not form such helical architectures. The presence of a linker, covalently connecting the two ureido-s-triazine units, is essential as it generates a high local concentration of aromatic units, favorable for stacking interactions. This hydrophobic stacking of the aromatic units occurs at concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-6) M and can be visualized by using fluorescence spectroscopy. The stacking generates a hydrophobic microenvironment that allows intermolecular hydrogen bonding to occur at higher concentrations because the hydrogen bonds are shielded from competitive hydrogen bonding with water. This hierarchical process results in the formation of a helical self-assembled polymer in water at concentrations above 10(-4) M. Chiral side chains attached to the ureido-s-triazine units bias the helicity of these columns as concluded from CD spectroscopy and "Sergeants and Soldiers" experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The 'Sergeants-and-Soldiers' principle has been examined in a series of m-phenylene ethynylene oligomers containing both chiral and achiral side chains. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to examine the twist sense bias of the helical conformation in the polar solvent acetonitrile. A non-linear dependence of the CD signal on the amount of chiral side chains was observed revealing cooperative interactions among the side chains through the backbone. On the other hand, the experiments indicate that in acetonitrile a full bias of the helicity cannot be accomplished by chiral side chains alone. Nevertheless, the folded oligomers are highly ordered since the placement of a single chiral side chain at the beginning of an oligomer results in the induction of a strong twist sense bias into the ordered helical conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Prince
- The Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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22
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Abstract
Circular dichroism spectroscopy has been used to study the self-assembly of two series of m-phenylene ethynylene oligomers in highly polar solvents. The helical conformation of shorter oligomer lengths was found to be stabilized in aqueous acetonitrile solutions, while longer oligomers began to interact intermolecularly. The intermolecular aggregation of the oligomers in aqueous solutions revealed a chain length dependent association that required the presence of a stable helical conformation. Evidence for intermolecular interactions is provided by Sergeants and Soldiers experiments in which the twist sense bias of a chiral oligomer is transferred to an achiral oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brunsveld
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Hirschberg JH, Brunsveld L, Ramzi A, Vekemans JA, Sijbesma RP, Meijer EW. Helical self-assembled polymers from cooperative stacking of hydrogen-bonded pairs. Nature 2000; 407:167-70. [PMID: 11001050 DOI: 10.1038/35025027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The double helix of DNA epitomizes this molecule's ability to self-assemble in aqueous solutions into a complex chiral structure using hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Non-covalently interacting molecules in organic solvents are used to design systems that similarly form controlled architectures. Peripheral chiral centres in assemblies and chiral side chains attached to a polymer backbone, have been shown to induce chirality at the supramolecular level, and highly ordered structures stable in water are also known. However, it remains difficult to rationally exploit non-covalent interactions for the formation of chiral assemblies that are stable in water, where solvent molecules can compete effectively for hydrogen bonds. Here we describe a general strategy for the design of functionalized monomer units and their association in either water or alkanes into non-covalently linked polymeric structures with controlled helicity and chain length. The monomers consist of bifunctionalized ureidotriazine units connected by a spacer and carrying solubilizing chains at the periphery. This design allows for dimerization through self-complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding between the units and solvophobically induced stacking of the dimers into columnar polymeric architectures, whose structure and helicity can be adjusted by tuning the nature of the solubilizing side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hirschberg
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Brunsveld
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Zhang
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Glasbeek
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. J. M. Vekemans
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Dutch Polymer Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brunsveld L, Schenning A, Broeren M, Janssen H, Vekemans J, Meijer E. Chiral Amplification in Columns of Self-AssembledN,N′,N″-Tris((S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide in Dilute Solution. CHEM LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2000.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Cooperative interactions among the side chains of the helically folded phenylene-ethynylene oligomer shown (n=2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) can induce a twist sense bias. Therefore, the side chains can play more than just an ancillary role in these conformationally ordered oligomers. The onset of the twist sense bias lags significantly behind the appearance of helical conformations, possibly because a large ensemble of "collapsed" conformations is initially formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- RB Prince
- The Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Illinois 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) and The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
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Sijbesma RP, Beijer FH, Brunsveld L, Folmer BJ, Hirschberg JH, Lange RF, Lowe JK, Meijer EW. Reversible polymers formed from self-complementary monomers using quadruple hydrogen bonding. Science 1997; 278:1601-4. [PMID: 9374454 DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1574] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Units of 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone that dimerize strongly in a self-complementary array of four cooperative hydrogen bonds were used as the associating end group in reversible self-assembling polymer systems. The unidirectional design of the binding sites prevents uncontrolled multidirectional association or gelation. Linear polymers and reversible networks were formed from monomers with two and three binding sites, respectively. The thermal and environmental control over lifetime and bond strength makes many properties, such as viscosity, chain length, and composition, tunable in a way not accessible to traditional polymers. Hence, polymer networks with thermodynamically controlled architectures can be formed, for use in, for example, coatings and hot melts, where a reversible, strongly temperature-dependent rheology is highly advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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