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Diz-Chaves Y, Maastor Z, Spuch C, Lamas JA, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation: anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1671-1677. [PMID: 38103230 PMCID: PMC10960307 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues, including different brain regions. Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection, like the support of cell growth/survival, enhancement promotion of synapse formation, autophagy, and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, microglial activation, and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis. The glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, maintain metabolic homeostasis and defense against pathogens in the central nervous system. After brain insult, microglia are the first cells to respond, followed by reactive astrocytosis. These activated cells produce proinflammatory mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult. Furthermore, under these circumstances, microglia can become chronically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and, consequently, their functions during many diseases. Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution: like the formation of protein aggregates, the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents, the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function, and, of critical importance, the dysregulation of inflammatory control mechanisms. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies, restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions, modulating microglia activity, and decreasing the inflammatory response. This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammatory properties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, or chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Zainab Maastor
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Sala Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Neuroscience, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C. González-Matías
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
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Diz-Chaves Y, Herrera-Pérez S, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs in the hippocampus. Vitam Horm 2022; 118:457-478. [PMID: 35180937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a pleiotropic hormone very well known for its incretin effect in the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the brain, and it displays critical roles in neuroprotection by activating the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways. GLP-1 enhances learning and memory in the hippocampus, promotes neurogenesis, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, modulates reward behavior, and reduces food intake. Its pharmacokinetics have been improved to enhance the peptide's half-life, enhancing exposure and time of action. The GLP-1 agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and clinical evaluation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Diz-Chaves Y, Herrera-Pérez S, González-Matías LC, Lamas JA, Mallo F. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the Integration of Neural and Endocrine Responses to Stress. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113304. [PMID: 33126672 PMCID: PMC7692797 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) within the brain is produced by a population of preproglucagon neurons located in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract. These neurons project to the hypothalamus and another forebrain, hindbrain, and mesolimbic brain areas control the autonomic function, feeding, and the motivation to feed or regulate the stress response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) controls both food intake and feeding behavior (hunger-driven feeding, the hedonic value of food, and food motivation). The activation of GLP-1 receptors involves second messenger pathways and ionic events in the autonomic nervous system, which are very relevant to explain the essential central actions of GLP-1 as neuromodulator coordinating food intake in response to a physiological and stress-related stimulus to maintain homeostasis. Alterations in GLP-1 signaling associated with obesity or chronic stress induce the dysregulation of eating behavior. This review summarized the experimental shreds of evidence from studies using GLP-1R agonists to describe the neural and endocrine integration of stress responses and feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo FB3A, Laboratorio de Endocrinología, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.-C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +34-(986)-130226 (Y.D.-C.); +34-(986)-812393 (F.M.)
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo FB3B, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (S.H.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | | | - José Antonio Lamas
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo FB3B, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (S.H.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Federico Mallo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo FB3A, Laboratorio de Endocrinología, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.-C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +34-(986)-130226 (Y.D.-C.); +34-(986)-812393 (F.M.)
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Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal lung disease. This disease is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix deposition that modify normal lung physiology. Up to date, there are not efficient therapeutic tools to fight IPF. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation plays an essential role in lung functions in normal and in pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to study the possible beneficial effects of the administration of the GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, in the pathogenesis of the fibrotic process in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. We observed that liraglutide decreased mRNA expression of collagen, hydroxyproline and key enzymes for the synthesis of collagen. In addition, GLP-1R activation restored the ACE2 mRNA levels modulating the activities of the RAS components, increased the production of surfactant proteins (SFTPa1, SFTPb, SFTPc) and promoted an improvement in pulmonary and cardiac functionality, including a partial restoration of lung alveolar structure. Liraglutide effects are shown at both the pro-inflammatory and fibrosis phases of the experimental disease. For these reasons, GLP-1 might be regarded as a promising drug for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fandiño
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura Toba
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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Fandiño J, Toba L, González-Matías LC, Diz-Chaves Y, Mallo F. Perinatal Undernutrition, Metabolic Hormones, and Lung Development. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122870. [PMID: 31771174 PMCID: PMC6950278 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal and perinatal undernutrition affects the lung development of litters and it may produce long-lasting alterations in respiratory health. This can be demonstrated using animal models and epidemiological studies. During pregnancy, maternal diet controls lung development by direct and indirect mechanisms. For sure, food intake and caloric restriction directly influence the whole body maturation and the lung. In addition, the maternal food intake during pregnancy controls mother, placenta, and fetal endocrine systems that regulate nutrient uptake and distribution to the fetus and pulmonary tissue development. There are several hormones involved in metabolic regulations, which may play an essential role in lung development during pregnancy. This review focuses on the effect of metabolic hormones in lung development and in how undernutrition alters the hormonal environment during pregnancy to disrupt normal lung maturation. We explore the role of GLP-1, ghrelin, and leptin, and also retinoids and cholecalciferol as hormones synthetized from diet precursors. Finally, we also address how metabolic hormones altered during pregnancy may affect lung pathophysiology in the adulthood.
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Diz-Chaves Y, Toba L, Fandiño J, González-Matías LC, Garcia-Segura LM, Mallo F. The GLP-1 analog, liraglutide prevents the increase of proinflammatory mediators in the hippocampus of male rat pups submitted to maternal perinatal food restriction. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:337. [PMID: 30518432 PMCID: PMC6282252 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal maternal malnutrition is related to altered growth of tissues and organs. The nervous system development is very sensitive to environmental insults, being the hippocampus a vulnerable structure, in which altered number of neurons and granular cells has been observed. Moreover, glial cells are also affected, and increased expression of proinflammatory mediators has been observed. We studied the effect of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, liraglutide, which have very potent metabolic and neuroprotective effects, in order to ameliorate/prevent the glial alterations present in the hippocampus of the pups from mothers with food restriction during pregnancy and lactation (maternal perinatal food restriction—MPFR). Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 50% food restriction (FR; n = 12) or ad libitum controls (CT, n = 12) groups at day of pregnancy 12 (GD12). From GD14 to parturition, pregnant FR and CT rats were treated with liraglutide (100 μg/kg) or vehicle. At postnatal day 21 and before weaning, 48 males and 45 females (CT and MPFR) were sacrificed. mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κβ, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHCII), interleukin 10 (IL10), arginase 1 (Arg1), and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) were assessed in the hippocampus by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Iba1 and GFAP-immunoreactivity were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Results The mRNA expression IL1β, IL6, NF-κB, and MHCII increased in the hippocampus of male but not in female pups from MPFR. In addition, there was an increase in the percentage of GFAP and Iba1-immupositive cells in the dentate gyrus compared to controls, indicating an inflammatory response in the brain. On the other hand, liraglutide treatment prevented the neuroinflammatory process, promoting the production of anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL10, TGFβ, and arginase 1, and decreasing the number and reactivity of microglial cells and astrocytes in the hippocampus of male pups. Conclusion Therefore, the GLP-1 analog, liraglutide, emerges as neuroprotective drug that minimizes the harmful effects of maternal food restriction, decreasing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus in a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - L Toba
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - J Fandiño
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - L C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, E-28002, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
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Diz-Chaves Y, Gil-Lozano M, Toba L, Fandiño J, Ogando H, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Stressing diabetes? The hidden links between insulinotropic peptides and the HPA axis. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:R77-94. [PMID: 27325244 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus exerts metabolic stress on cells and it provokes a chronic increase in the long-term activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, perhaps thereby contributing to insulin resistance. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are pleiotropic hormones that not only affect glycaemic and metabolic control, but they also produce many other effects including activation of the HPA axis. In fact, several of the most relevant effects of GLP-1 might involve, at least in part, the modulation of the HPA axis. Thus, the anorectic activity of GLP-1 could be mediated by increasing CRF at the hypothalamic level, while its lipolytic effects could imply a local increase in glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor (GC-R) expression in adipose tissue. Indeed, the potent activation of the HPA axis by GLP-1R agonists occurs within the range of therapeutic doses and with a short latency. Interestingly, the interactions of GLP-1 with the HPA axis may underlie most of the effects of GLP-1 on food intake control, glycaemic metabolism, adipose tissue biology and the responses to stress. Moreover, such activity has been observed in animal models (mice and rats), as well as in normal humans and in type I or type II diabetic patients. Accordingly, better understanding of how GLP-1R agonists modulate the activity of the HPA axis in diabetic subjects, especially obese individuals, will be crucial to design new and more efficient therapies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Gil-Lozano
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Laura Toba
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Juan Fandiño
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Hugo Ogando
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
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Outeiriño-Iglesias V, Romaní-Pérez M, González-Matías LC, Vigo E, Mallo F. GLP-1 Increases Preovulatory LH Source and the Number of Mature Follicles, As Well As Synchronizing the Onset of Puberty in Female Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4226-37. [PMID: 26252058 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Control of estrous cycle and reproductive capacity involves a large number of central and peripheral factors, integrating numerous nutritional and metabolic signals. Here we show that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a peptide with anorexigenic and insulinotropic actions, and the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) exert a regulatory influence on the gonadal axis, in both adult and prepubertal female rats. In adult rats, Glp-1 receptor expression varies during the estrous cycle at the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. Furthermore, acute treatment with GLP-1 in the morning proestrus doubled the amplitude of the preovulatory LH surge, as well as influencing estradiol and progesterone levels along the estrous cycle. These changes provoked an important increase in the number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea, as well as in the litter size. Conversely, Ex4 diminished the levels of LH, later producing a partial blockade at the preovulatory surge, yet not affecting either the number of mature follicles or corpora lutea. Chronic administration of low doses of GLP-1 to prepubertal rats synchronized vaginal opening and increased LH levels on the 35th day of life, yet at these doses it did not modify their body weight, food intake, or ovarian and uterine weight. By contrast, chronic exposure to Ex4 produced a significant reduction in ovarian and uterine weight, and serum LH, and the animals treated chronically with Ex4 showed no vaginal opening in the period studied. Overall, our results demonstrate that GLP-1 and Ex4 act on the gonadal axis, involving the hypothalamic kisspeptin system, to influence reproductive efficiency in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Outeiriño-Iglesias
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Vigo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
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Romaní-Pérez M, Outeiriño-Iglesias V, Moya CM, Santisteban P, González-Matías LC, Vigo E, Mallo F. Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor by Liraglutide Increases ACE2 Expression, Reversing Right Ventricle Hypertrophy, and Improving the Production of SP-A and SP-B in the Lungs of Type 1 Diabetes Rats. Endocrinology 2015. [PMID: 26196539 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes alters microvascular function in the vascular beds of organs, including the lungs. Cardiovascular complications of pulmonary vascular affectation may be a consequence of the overactivation of the vasoconstrictive and proliferative components of the renin-angiotensin system. We previously reported that pulmonary physiology and surfactant production is improved by the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide (LIR) in a rat model of lung hypoplasia. Because we hypothesized that streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats would show deficiencies in lung function, including surfactant proteins, and develop an imbalance of the renin-angiotensin system in the lungs. This effect would in turn be prevented by long-acting agonists of the GLP-1R, such as LIR. The induction of diabetes reduced the surfactant protein A and B in the lungs and caused the vasoconstrictor component of the renin-angiotensin system to predominate, which in turn increased angiotensin II levels, and ultimately being associated with right ventricle hypertrophy. LIR restored surfactant protein levels and reversed the imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system in this type 1 diabetes mellitus rat model. Moreover, LIR provoked a strong increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in the lungs of both diabetic and control rats, and in the circulating angiotensin(1-7) in diabetic animals. These effects prompted complete reversion of right ventricle hypertrophy. The consequences of LIR administration were independent of glycemic control and of glucocorticoids, and they involved NK2 homeobox 1 signaling. This study demonstrates by first time that GLP-1R agonists, such as LIR, might improve the cardiopulmonary complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), Centre for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), University of Vigo/Sergas, E36310, Vigo, Spain; and Institute Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (C.M.M., P.S.), Spanish Council of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Verónica Outeiriño-Iglesias
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), Centre for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), University of Vigo/Sergas, E36310, Vigo, Spain; and Institute Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (C.M.M., P.S.), Spanish Council of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Christian M Moya
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), Centre for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), University of Vigo/Sergas, E36310, Vigo, Spain; and Institute Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (C.M.M., P.S.), Spanish Council of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), Centre for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), University of Vigo/Sergas, E36310, Vigo, Spain; and Institute Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (C.M.M., P.S.), Spanish Council of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), Centre for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), University of Vigo/Sergas, E36310, Vigo, Spain; and Institute Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (C.M.M., P.S.), Spanish Council of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Eva Vigo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), Centre for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), University of Vigo/Sergas, E36310, Vigo, Spain; and Institute Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (C.M.M., P.S.), Spanish Council of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), Centre for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) (M.R.-P., V.O.-I., L.C.G.-M., E.V., F.M.), University of Vigo/Sergas, E36310, Vigo, Spain; and Institute Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (C.M.M., P.S.), Spanish Council of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E28029, Spain
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Gil-Lozano M, Romaní-Pérez M, Outeiriño-Iglesias V, Vigo E, González-Matías LC, Brubaker PL, Mallo F. Corticotropin-releasing hormone and the sympathoadrenal system are major mediators in the effects of peripherally administered exendin-4 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of male rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2511-23. [PMID: 24731096 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), potently stimulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity after either central or peripheral administration. Because several GLP-1 derivative drugs, including synthetic Ex-4, are currently in use to treat patients with type II diabetes mellitus, the characterization of Ex-4 effects on the HPA axis is highly relevant. Herein, the roles of CRH and AVP on these effects were investigated by administering the antagonists astressin and d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, respectively. The role of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) was explored in bilateral adrenal enucleated and guanethidine-treated rats, whereas primary pituitary cell cultures were used to study direct effects on the corticotropes. Astressin completely abrogated (P < .05) the effects of Ex-4 central administration on ACTH secretion but only slightly reduced (by 35%) the ACTH response to Ex-4 peripheral administration. Moreover, astressin significantly (P < .05) decreased the corticosterone response to centrally but not peripherally administered Ex-4, suggesting different mechanisms depending on the route of administration. Pretreatment with d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP failed to diminish either the ACTH or corticosterone response to Ex-4 and no direct effect of Ex-4 or GLP-1 was observed on pituitary cell cultures. In contrast, a significant (P < .05) reduction in the corticosterone response elicited by Ex-4 peripheral administration was observed in enucleated and guanethidine-treated rats, indicating a role of the SAS in the glucocorticoid stimulatory effects of Ex-4. Our data demonstrate that the effects of Ex-4 on the HPA axis are partially mediated by CRH and the sympathoadrenal system, and stress the relevance of Ex-4 as a corticosterone secretagogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gil-Lozano
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (M.G.-L., M.R.-P., V.O., E.V., L.C.G.-M., F.M.), Center for Biomedical Research, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; and Department of Physiology (M.G.-L., P.L.B.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Gil-Lozano M, Romaní-Pérez M, Outeiriño-Iglesias V, Vigo E, Brubaker PL, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Effects of prolonged exendin-4 administration on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and water balance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1105-17. [PMID: 23531615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00529.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exendin-4 (Ex-4) is a natural agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, currently being used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its insulinotropic properties. Previous studies have revealed that acute administration of both GLP-1 and, in particular, Ex-4 potently stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In this work, the effects of prolonged Ex-4 exposure on HPA function were explored. To this end, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a daily regimen of two Ex-4 injections (5 μg/kg sc) for a minimum of 7 days. We found that subchronic Ex-4 administration produced a number of effects that resemble chronic stress situations, including hyperactivation of the HPA axis during the trough hours, disruption of glucocorticoid circadian secretion, hypertrophy of the adrenal gland, decreased adrenal gland sensitivity, impaired pituitary-adrenal stress responses, and reductions in both food intake and body weight. In addition, a threefold increase in diuresis was observed followed by a 1.5-fold increase in water intake; these latter effects were abolished by adrenalectomy. Together, these findings indicate that Ex-4 induces a profound dysregulation of HPA axis activity that may also affect renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gil-Lozano
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Center for Biomedical Research, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Romaní-Pérez M, Outeiriño-Iglesias V, Gil-Lozano M, González-Matías LC, Mallo F, Vigo E. Pulmonary GLP-1 receptor increases at birth and exogenous GLP-1 receptor agonists augmented surfactant-protein levels in litters from normal and nitrofen-treated pregnant rats. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1144-55. [PMID: 23354098 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is found in a variety of tissues outside of the pancreas. For example, GLP-1R is expressed in the lung, where it has been implicated in the regulation of the lipid fraction of surfactants, suggesting it fulfills an important role in lung function. Here, we show that GLP-1R expression is strongly up-regulated immediately after birth in neonatal rats, particular in male offspring. Moreover, administering long half-life GLP-1R agonists to the mother from gestational day 14 to birth (exendin-4 or liraglutide) increased surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-B mRNA expression and the amount of SPs in the amniotic fluid at the end of pregnancy. These effects were similar or more potent to those induced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, which also increased GLP-1R expression in fetuses just before delivery. Lir increased fetal SP-A and GLP-1R expression in control rats and in a nitrofen-induced model of lung hypoplasia. Moreover, lung size increased in controls after Lir administration, which also prevented the decrease in lung weight and the poor neonatal survival of the offspring from nitrofen-treated dams, effects that were not produced by dexamethasone. Taken together, our results demonstrate the importance of the GLP-1 system in regulating SP production and lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
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