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Choi K, Boyacı E, Kim J, Seale B, Barrera-Arbelaez L, Pawliszyn J, Wheeler AR. A digital microfluidic interface between solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1444:1-7. [PMID: 27048987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a method to couple solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with HPLC-MS using digital microfluidics (DMF). In the new system, SPME fibers are used to extract analytes from complex sample solutions, after which the analytes are desorbed into solvent droplets in a DMF device. The open geometry of DMF allows straightforward insertion of SPME fibers without requiring a complicated interface, and automated droplet manipulation enables multiplexed processing of the fibers. In contrast to other multiplexed SPME elution interfaces, the low volumes inherent to DMF allow for pre-concentration of analytes prior to analysis. The new SPME-DMF-HPLC-MS method was applied to the quantification of pg/mL-level free steroid hormones in urine. We propose that this new method will be useful for a wide range of applications requiring cleanup and pre-concentration with convenient coupling to high-performance analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Brendon Seale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Luis Barrera-Arbelaez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
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