1
|
Arjun R, Felix V, Niyas VKM, Kumar MAS, Krishnan RB, Mohan V, Ansar A, Gautaam S, Lalitha S. COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis: a single-centre experience of 10 cases. QJM 2022; 114:831-834. [PMID: 34181023 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Arjun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - V Felix
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - V K M Niyas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - M A S Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - R B Krishnan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - V Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - A Ansar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - S Gautaam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - S Lalitha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suresh Kumar MA, Laiakis EC, Ghandhi SA, Morton SR, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA. Gene Expression in Parp1 Deficient Mice Exposed to a Median Lethal Dose of Gamma Rays. Radiat Res 2018; 190:53-62. [PMID: 29746213 DOI: 10.1667/rr14990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a current interest in the development of biodosimetric methods for rapidly assessing radiation exposure in the wake of a large-scale radiological event. This work was initially focused on determining the exposure dose to an individual using biological indicators. Gene expression signatures show promise for biodosimetric application, but little is known about how these signatures might translate for the assessment of radiological injury in radiosensitive individuals, who comprise a significant proportion of the general population, and who would likely require treatment after exposure to lower doses. Using Parp1-/- mice as a model radiation-sensitive genotype, we have investigated the effect of this DNA repair deficiency on the gene expression response to radiation. Although Parp1 is known to play general roles in regulating transcription, the pattern of gene expression changes observed in Parp1-/- mice 24 h postirradiation to a LD50/30 was remarkably similar to that in wild-type mice after exposure to LD50/30. Similar levels of activation of both the p53 and NFκB radiation response pathways were indicated in both strains. In contrast, exposure of wild-type mice to a sublethal dose that was equal to the Parp1-/- LD50/30 resulted in a lower magnitude gene expression response. Thus, Parp1-/- mice displayed a heightened gene expression response to radiation, which was more similar to the wild-type response to an equitoxic dose than to an equal absorbed dose. Gene expression classifiers trained on the wild-type data correctly identified all wild-type samples as unexposed, exposed to a sublethal dose or exposed to an LD50/30. All unexposed samples from Parp1-/- mice were also correctly classified with the same gene set, and 80% of irradiated Parp1-/- samples were identified as exposed to an LD50/30. The results of this study suggest that, at least for some pathways that may influence radiosensitivity in humans, specific gene expression signatures have the potential to accurately detect the extent of radiological injury, rather than serving only as a surrogate of physical radiation dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Suresh Kumar
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shad R Morton
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Albert J Fornace
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Sally A Amundson
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suresh Kumar MA, Peluso M, Chaudhary P, Dhawan J, Beheshti A, Manickam K, Thapar U, Pena L, Natarajan M, Hlatky L, Demple B, Naidu M. Fractionated Radiation Exposure of Rat Spinal Cords Leads to Latent Neuro-Inflammation in Brain, Cognitive Deficits, and Alterations in Apurinic Endonuclease 1. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208353 PMCID: PMC4514622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes degeneration of myelin, the insulating sheaths of neuronal axons, leading to neurological impairment. As radiation research on the central nervous system has predominantly focused on neurons, with few studies addressing the role of glial cells, we have focused our present research on identifying the latent effects of single/ fractionated -low dose of low/ high energy radiation on the role of base excision repair protein Apurinic Endonuclease-1, in the rat spinal cords oligodendrocyte progenitor cells’ differentiation. Apurinic endonuclease-1 is predominantly upregulated in response to oxidative stress by low- energy radiation, and previous studies show significant induction of Apurinic Endonuclease-1 in neurons and astrocytes. Our studies show for the first time, that fractionation of protons cause latent damage to spinal cord architecture while fractionation of HZE (28Si) induce increase in APE1 with single dose, which then decreased with fractionation. The oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation was skewed with increase in immature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, which likely cause the observed decrease in white matter, increased neuro-inflammation, together leading to the observed significant cognitive defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Suresh Kumar
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Peluso
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jasbeer Dhawan
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Krishnan Manickam
- Department of Pathology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Upasna Thapar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis Pena
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn Hlatky
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Mamta Naidu
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chowdhury SM, Surhland C, Sanchez Z, Chaudhary P, Suresh Kumar MA, Lee S, Peña LA, Waring M, Sitharaman B, Naidu M. Graphene nanoribbons as a drug delivery agent for lucanthone mediated therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Nanomedicine 2014; 11:109-18. [PMID: 25131339 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report use of PEG-DSPE coated oxidized graphene nanoribbons (O-GNR-PEG-DSPE) as agent for delivery of anti-tumor drug Lucanthone (Luc) into Glioblastoma Multiformae (GBM) cells targeting base excision repair enzyme APE-1 (Apurinic endonuclease-1). Lucanthone, an endonuclease inhibitor of APE-1, was loaded onto O-GNR-PEG-DSPEs using a simple non-covalent method. We found its uptake by GBM cell line U251 exceeding 67% and 60% in APE-1-overexpressing U251, post 24h. However, their uptake was ~38% and 29% by MCF-7 and rat glial progenitor cells (CG-4), respectively. TEM analysis of U251 showed large aggregates of O-GNR-PEG-DSPE in vesicles. Luc-O-GNR-PEG-DSPE was significantly toxic to U251 but showed little/no toxicity when exposed to MCF-7/CG-4 cells. This differential uptake effect can be exploited to use O-GNR-PEG-DSPEs as a vehicle for Luc delivery to GBM, while reducing nonspecific cytotoxicity to the surrounding healthy tissue. Cell death in U251 was necrotic, probably due to oxidative degradation of APE-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra Surhland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zina Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M A Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Louis A Peña
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Michael Waring
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Mamta Naidu
- GeneSys Research Institute/Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Babykutty S, S PP, J NR, Kumar MAS, Nair MS, Srinivas P, Gopala S. Nimbolide retards tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis by downregulating MMP-2/9 expression via inhibiting ERK1/2 and reducing DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:475-90. [PMID: 21678498 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nimbolide, a plant-derived limonoid has been shown to exert its antiproliferative effects in various cell lines. We demonstrate that nimbolide effectively inhibited proliferation of WiDr colon cancer cells through inhibition of cyclin A leading to S phase arrest. It also caused activation of caspase-mediated apoptosis through the inhibition of ERK1/2 and activation of p38 and JNK1/2. Further nimbolide effectively retarded tumor cell migration and invasion through inhibition of metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) expression, both at the mRNA and protein level. It was also a strong inhibitor of VEGF expression, promoter activity, and in vitro angiogenesis. Finally, nimbolide suppressed the nuclear translocation of p65/p50 and DNA binding of NF-κB, which is an important transcription factor for controlling MMP-2/9 and VEGF gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suboj Babykutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith ML, Kumar MAS. The "Two faces" of Tumor Suppressor p53-revisited. Mol Cell Pharmacol 2010; 2:117-119. [PMID: 20686673 PMCID: PMC2913486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
About 15 years ago, several groups including ours had used matched pairs of cell lines carrying wild type or mutant p53 genes to ascertain a role for p53 in cell survival. These were isogenic cell lines differing only by p53 status. The trend at that time was to support p53-mediated apoptosis. Accordingly, p53-wildtype cells were sensitive to DNA damage compared to p53-mutant cells which were thought to evade apoptosis. However, this finding was not universal. In particular, after UV-radiation, p53-mutant cells were more sensitive than their wild type p53 counterparts in several studies. The finding that p53 controlled a major DNA repair pathway, nucleotide excision repair (NER) which repairs UV-damage, provided a mechanism for the observations. We coined the term "the two faces of tumor suppressor p53" to illustrate that p53 can on one hand induce apoptosis leading to cell sensitivity, but p53 can also enhance the rate of DNA repair thereby protecting cells from DNA damage. This concept has gained acceptance and has been expanded to other DNA-damaging agents. New insights into how p53 is "switched" from a protective function to an apoptotic function are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Smith
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smith ML, Kumar MAS. Seleno-L-Methionine Modulation of Nucleotide Excision DNA Repair Relevant to Cancer Prevention and Chemotherapy. Mol Cell Pharmacol 2009; 1:218-221. [PMID: 20336178 PMCID: PMC2844663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic selenium compounds are known to prevent certain cancers although mechanisms may be complex. A widely-held view is that selenium compounds can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, or more precisely, in aberrant cells that are undergoing clonal evolution somewhere along the carcinogenesis process. There are at least 20 different selenium compounds, inorganic as well as organic, that have been used in various published studies. Extrapolation between studies should therefore be undertaken with caution. Similarly, it will be important to ascertain the physiological relevance of the selenium concentrations used in some studies. While cancer prevention by selenium is well-established, recently, organic selenium in the form of pure seleno-L-methionine (SeMet) has been used in combination with cancer chemotherapy drugs. SeMet can induce a DNA repair response in some cell types including bone marrow. Cancer cells generally lack a SeMet-inducible DNA repair response. Thus, SeMet appears to selectively regulate a DNA repair pathway and thereby potentially alter responses to cancer chemotherapy drugs. The specific pathway implicated, nucleotide excision DNA repair (NER) is required for repair of cisplatin or carboplatin DNA damage relevant to chemotherapy. Moreover, some studies have implicated NER as a factor in carcinogenesis processes. Thus, the capacity of SeMet to selectively regulate NER may prove useful in both therapeutic and preventive contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Smith
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Bioflavanoids are the major pigments in plants with multitude of biological activities including inhibition of proliferation or induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. Even though the safety records of most flavanoids are exceptional, its therapeutic use is still in its infancy. We have isolated pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) from Alpinia galanga that showed cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells including normal lung fibroblasts with relative nontoxicity to human umbilical cord endothelial cells. The compound induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with subsequent release of cytochrome c and processing of caspase-9 and -3 in colon cancer cell line HCT 116. Processing of caspase-8 was minimal. The initial trigger for mitochondrial apoptosis appears to be by the translocation of cytosolic Bax protein to mitochondria. Overexpression of proapoptotic Bax protein sensitized the colon cancer cells to pinocembrin-induced apoptosis and Bax knockout cells were resistant to pinocembrin-induced apoptosis. Antiapoptotic protein Bcl-X(L) only partially prevented apoptosis induced by this compound. The Bax-dependent cell death involving classical cytochrome c release and processing of caspase-9 and -3 suggests that pinocembrin is a classical mitochondrial apoptosis inducer. But the failure of Bcl-X(L) overexpression to completely prevent apoptosis induced by this compound suggests that pinocembrin is capable of triggering mitochondrial-independent cell death that needs to be clarified. The existence of cell death upon Bcl-X(L) overexpression is a promising feature of this compound that can be exploited against drug resistant forms of cancer cells either alone or in combination with other drugs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ichikawa H, Nair MS, Takada Y, Sheeja DBA, Kumar MAS, Oommen OV, Aggarwal BB. Isodeoxyelephantopin, a Novel Sesquiterpene Lactone, Potentiates Apoptosis, Inhibits Invasion, and Abolishes Osteoclastogenesis through Suppression of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Activation and NF-κB-Regulated Gene Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:5910-8. [PMID: 17021000 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deoxyelephantopin (ESD) and isodeoxyelephantopin (ESI) are two sesquiterpene lactones derived from the medicinal plant Elephantopus scaber Linn. (Asteraceae). Although they are used for the treatment of a wide variety of proinflammatory diseases, very little is known about their mechanism of action. Because most genes that control inflammation are regulated by activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), we postulated that ESD and ESI mediate their activities through modulation of the NF-kappaB activation pathway. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the effect of ESI and ESD on NF-kappaB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression by Western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that ESI suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by a wide variety of inflammatory agents, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1beta, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and lipopolysaccharide. The suppression was not cell type specific, and both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation was blocked. ESI did not interfere with the binding of NF-kappaB to DNA but rather inhibited IkappaBalpha kinase, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 phosphorylation, and subsequent p65 nuclear translocation. ESI also suppressed the expression of TNF-induced NF-kappaB-regulated, proliferative, antiapoptotic, and metastatic gene products. These effects correlated with enhancement of apoptosis induced by TNF and suppression of TNF-induced invasion and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ESI inhibits NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression, which may explain the ability of ESI to enhance apoptosis and inhibit invasion and osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Ichikawa
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|