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Nair MS, Huang Y, Wang M, Weathers PJ. SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants are susceptible in vitro to Artemisia annua hot water extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 308:116291. [PMID: 36804200 PMCID: PMC9937997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia annua L. has >2000 yr of history in treating fever a symptom common to many infectious diseases including viruses. The plant is widely used as a tea infusion in many areas of the globe to thwart many infectious diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus continues to infect millions while rapidly evolving new variants that are more transmissible and evade vaccine-elicited antibodies, e.g., omicron and its subvariants. Having shown potency against all previously tested variants, A. annua L. extracts were further tested against highly infectious omicron and its recent subvariants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Vero E6 cells, we measured the in vitro efficacy (IC50) of stored (frozen) dried-leaf hot-water A. annua L. extracts of four cultivars (A3, BUR, MED, and SAM) against SARS-CoV-2 variants: original WA1 (WT), BA.1 (omicron), BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4. End point virus titers of infectivity in cv. BUR-treated human lung A459 cells overexpressing hu-ACE2 were determined for both WA1 and BA.4 viruses. RESULTS When normalized to the artemisinin (ART) or leaf dry weight (DW) equivalent of the extract, the IC50 values ranged from 0.5 to 16.5 μM ART and from 20 to 106 μg DW. IC50 values were within limits of assay variation of our earlier studies. End-point titers confirmed a dose-response inhibition in ACE2 overexpressing human lung cells to the BUR cultivar. Cell viability losses were not measurable at leaf dry weights ≤50 μg for any cultivar extract. CONCLUSIONS A. annua hot-water extracts (tea infusions) continue to show efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and its rapidly evolving variants and deserve greater attention as a possible cost-effective therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Y Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - M Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - P J Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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Dhanya SR, Nair MS, Dileep Kumar BS, Sankar V. Chemical constituents from Chonemorpha fragrans roots and antibacterial activity studies of sarcorucinine D. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:2599-2603. [PMID: 35635050 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1910263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nine non-alkaloid constituents viz., sitostenone (1), β-sitosterol (2), naringenin (3), aromadendrin (4), matairesinol (5), vanillic acid (6), ferulic acid (7), protocatechuic acid (8) and sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9) were isolated from the acetone extract as well as five alkaloids viz., japindine (10), sarcorucinine D (11), dictyophlebin (12), chonemorphine (13) and N-formylchonemorphine (14) were isolated from the ethanol extract of Chonemorpha fragrans roots. Except β-sitosterol, all other non-alkaloid compounds and the alkaloid sarcorucinine D are being reported for the first time from C. fragrans. From the MIC and MBC values, it has been found that sarcorucinine D shows most promising antibacterial activity. Quantification of antibacterial activity as well as killing curve determinations were performed in order to confirm the efficacy of the compound. The cytotoxic activity studies revealed that it is nontoxic up to 100 µM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Dhanya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - B S Dileep Kumar
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vandana Sankar
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Nair MS, Huang Y, Fidock DA, Towler MJ, Weathers PJ. Artemisia annua L. hot-water extracts show potent activity in vitro against Covid-19 variants including delta. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114797. [PMID: 34737005 PMCID: PMC8559441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For millennia, Artemisia annua L. was used in Southeast Asia to treat "fever". This medicinal plant is effective against multiple pathogens and is used by many global communities as a source of artemisinin derivatives that are first-line drugs to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites. AIM OF THE STUDY The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) global pandemic has killed millions and evolved numerous variants, with delta being the most transmissible to date and causing break-through infections of vaccinated individuals. We further queried the efficacy of A. annua cultivars against new variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Vero E6 cells, we measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of dried-leaf hot-water A. annua L. extracts of four cultivars, A3, BUR, MED, and SAM, to determine their efficacy against five infectious variants of the virus: alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1), delta (B.1.617.2), and kappa (B.1.617.1). RESULTS In addition to being effective against the original wild type (WT) WA1, A. annua cultivars A3, BUR, MED, and SAM were also potent against all five variants. IC50 and IC90 values based on measured artemisinin content ranged from 0.3 to 8.4 μM and 1.4-25.0 μM, respectively. The IC50 and IC90 values based on dried leaf weight (DW) used to make the tea infusions ranged from 11.0 to 67.7 μg DW and 59.5-160.6 μg DW, respectively. Cell toxicity was insignificant at a leaf dry weight of ≤50 μg in the extract of any cultivar. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that oral consumption of A. annua hot-water extracts (tea infusions) could potentially provide a cost-effective therapy to help stave off the rapid global spread of these variants, buying time for broader implementation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Y Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - D A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - M J Towler
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
| | - P J Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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El-Senduny FF, Altouhamy M, Zayed G, Harsha C, Jalaja R, Somappa SB, Nair MS, Kunnumakkara AB, Alsharif FM, Badria FA. Azadiradione-loaded liposomes with improved bioavailability and anticancer efficacy against triple negative breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nair MS, Huang Y, Fidock DA, Polyak SJ, Wagoner J, Towler MJ, Weathers PJ. Artemisia annua L. extracts inhibit the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 and two of its variants. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 274:114016. [PMID: 33716085 PMCID: PMC7952131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia annua L. has been used for millennia in Southeast Asia to treat "fever". Many infectious microbial and viral diseases have been shown to respond to A. annua and communities around the world use the plant as a medicinal tea, especially for treating malaria. AIM OF THE STUDY SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of Covid-19) globally has infected and killed millions of people. Because of the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of artemisinin that includes blockade of SARS-CoV-1, we queried whether A. annua suppressed SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells, we measured anti SARS-CoV-2 activity against fully infectious virus of dried leaf extracts of seven cultivars of A. annua sourced from four continents. IC50s were calculated and defined as the concentrations that inhibited viral replication by 50%; CC50s were also calculated and defined as the concentrations that kill 50% of cells. RESULTS Hot-water leaf extracts based on artemisinin, total flavonoids, or dry leaf mass showed antiviral activity with IC50 values of 0.1-8.7 μM, 0.01-0.14 μg, and 23.4-57.4 μg, respectively. Antiviral efficacy did not correlate with artemisinin or total flavonoid contents of the extracts. One dried leaf sample was >12 years old, yet its hot-water extract was still found to be active. The UK and South African variants, B1.1.7 and B1.351, were similarly inhibited. While all hot water extracts were effective, concentrations of artemisinin and total flavonoids varied by nearly 100-fold in the extracts. Artemisinin alone showed an estimated IC50 of about 70 μM, and the clinically used artemisinin derivatives artesunate, artemether, and dihydroartemisinin were ineffective or cytotoxic at elevated micromolar concentrations. In contrast, the antimalarial drug amodiaquine had an IC50 = 5.8 μM. Extracts had minimal effects on infection of Vero E6 or Calu-3 cells by a reporter virus pseudotyped by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. There was no cytotoxicity within an order of magnitude above the antiviral IC90 values. CONCLUSIONS A. annua extracts inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the active component(s) in the extracts is likely something besides artemisinin or a combination of components that block virus infection at a step downstream of virus entry. Further studies will determine in vivo efficacy to assess whether A. annua might provide a cost-effective therapeutic to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Y Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - D A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - S J Polyak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - J Wagoner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - M J Towler
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
| | - P J Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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Jalaja R, Leela SG, Mohan S, Nair MS, Gopalan RK, Somappa SB. Anti-hyperlipidemic potential of natural product based labdane-pyrroles via inhibition of cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104664. [PMID: 33550071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the clinical condition where blood has an increased level of lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Therefore controlling hyperlipidemia is considered to be a protective strategy to treat many associated diseases. Thus, a novel natural product derived pyrrole, and pyrazole-(E)-Labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial conjugates with cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis inhibition potential was designed through scaffold hopping approach and synthesized via one-pot selective cycloaddition. Amongst the tested hybrids, 3i exhibited excellent activity against triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis with the percentage inhibition of 71.73 ± 0.78 and 68.61 ± 1.19, which is comparable to the positive controls fenofibrate and atorvastatin, respectively. Compounds 3j and 3k also exhibited the considerable potential of promising leads. The HMG CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the compounds was consistent with that of inhibitory activity of cholesterol synthesis. Compound 3i showed the highest inhibitory potential (78.61 ± 2.80) percentage of suppression, which was comparable to that of the positive control pravastatin (78.05 ± 5.4). Favourably, none of the compounds showed cytotoxicity (HepG2) in the concentration ranging from 0.5 to 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Jalaja
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shyni G Leela
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Sangeetha Mohan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Raghu K Gopalan
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Sasidhar B Somappa
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Rai V, Aggarwal SK, Verma SS, Awasthee N, Dhasmana A, Aggarwal S, Das SN, Nair MS, Yadav S, Gupta SC. Epoxyazadiradione exhibit activities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by targeting multiple pathways. Apoptosis 2020; 25:763-782. [PMID: 32894380 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitute about 90% of all head and neck cancers. HNSCC falls in the top 10 cancers in men globally. Epoxyazadiradione (EPA) and Azadiradione (AZA) are the limonoids derived from the medicinal plant Azadirachta indica (popularly known as Neem). Whether or not the limonoids exhibit activities against HNSCC and the associated mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that EPA exhibits stronger activity in HNSCC in comparison to AZA. The limonoids obeyed the Lipinski's rule of 5. EPA exhibited activities in a variety of HNSCC lines like suppression of the proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. The limonoid suppressed the level of proteins associated with anti-apoptosis (survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), proliferation (cyclin D1), and invasion (MMP-9). Further, the expression of proapoptotic Bax and caspase-9 cleavage was induced by the limonoid. Exposure of EPA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the FaDu cells. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (ROS scavenger) abrogated the down-regulation of tumorigenic proteins caused by EPA exposure. EPA induced NOX-5 while suppressing the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Further, hydrogen peroxide induced NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation and EPA inhibited the translocation. Finally, EPA modulated the expression of lncRNAs in HNSCC lines. Overall, these results have shown that EPA exhibit activities against HNSCC by targeting multiple cancer related signalling molecules. Currently, we are evaluating the efficacy of this molecule in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Aggarwal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Biosciences, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248 016, India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
| | - Sadhna Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Satya N Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Emeritus Scientist, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, 229405, India
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Awasthee N, Rai V, Verma SS, Sajin Francis K, Nair MS, Gupta SC. Anti-cancer activities of Bharangin against breast cancer: Evidence for the role of NF-κB and lncRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2738-2749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jalaja R, Leela SG, Valmiki PK, Salfeena CTF, Ashitha KT, Krishna Rao VRD, Nair MS, Gopalan RK, Somappa SB. Discovery of Natural Product Derived Labdane Appended Triazoles as Potent Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:662-666. [PMID: 30034597 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to the genesis of many metabolic disorders including dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), nonalcoholic fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, etc. Pancreatic lipase plays a vital role in food fat digestion and absorption. Therefore, to control obesity, inhibition of pancreatic lipase is the active therapy. Thus, novel natural product derived labdane appended triazoles with pancreatic lipase inhibition potential were designed and synthesized. Among these hybrids, 6b and 6f exhibited excellent inhibitory activity (IC50 0.75 ± 0.02 μM and 0.77 ± 0.01 μM), slightly better than that of the positive control Orlistat (IC50 0.8 ± 0.03 μM). Compounds 6c, 6e, and 6g-j inhibited the PL comparable to that of positive control. Interestingly none of the compounds showed cytotoxicity (Hep G2) in the concentration range from 0.5 to 100 μM. Overall results reveal the potential of labdane appended triazoles as antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Jalaja
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Shyni G. Leela
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Praveen K. Valmiki
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Chettiyan Thodi F. Salfeena
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Kizhakkan T. Ashitha
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Venkata Rao D. Krishna Rao
- CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bangalore - 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Mangalam S. Nair
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Raghu K. Gopalan
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Sasidhar B. Somappa
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajin K. Francis
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology , Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Beena James
- Department of Chemistry, St. Michael’s College , Cherthala, India
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology , Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi, India
| | - Mangalam S. Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology , Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi, India
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Shilpa G, Renjitha J, Saranga R, Sajin FK, Nair MS, Joy B, Sasidhar BS, Priya S. Epoxyazadiradione Purified from the Azadirachta indica Seed Induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Inhibition of NFκB Nuclear Translocation in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1892-1902. [PMID: 29044755 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyazadiradione (EAD) is an important limonoid present in Neem (Azadirachta indica) plant. In the present study, we have purified EAD from Neem seed and studied its anticancer potential in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Cell proliferation inhibition studies indicated that the GI50 value of EAD is 7.5 ± 0.0092 μM in HeLa cells, whereas up to 50 μM concentrations EAD did not affect the growth of normal H9C2 cells. The control drug cisplatin inhibited the growth of both HeLa and H9C2 cells with a GI50 value of 2.92 ± 1.192 and 4.22 ± 1.568 μM, respectively. Nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell membrane blebbing, phosphatidylserine translocation, upregulation of Bax, caspase 3 activity and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage and downregulation of BCl2 in HeLa cells on treatment with EAD indicated the apoptotic cell death. Increase in caspase 9 activity and release of active cytochrome c to the cytoplasm on treatment with EAD confirmed that the apoptosis was mediated through the mitochondrial pathway. Epoxyazadiradione also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB in HeLa cells. Thus, our studies demonstrated EAD as a potent and safe chemotherapeutic agent when compared with the standard drug cisplatin that is toxic to both cancer and normal cells equally. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shilpa
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - J Renjitha
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - R Saranga
- SAS SNDP Yogam College, Pathanamthitta, 689691, Kerala, India
| | - Francis K Sajin
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Beena Joy
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - B S Sasidhar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - S Priya
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
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Gopalan G, Dhanya BP, Saranya J, Reshmitha TR, Baiju TV, Meenu MT, Nair MS, Nisha P, Radhakrishnan KV. Metal-Free trans
-Aziridination of Zerumbone: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Aziridine Derivatives of Zerumbone. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Gopalan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Organic Chemistry Section; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Bhandara Purayil Dhanya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Organic Chemistry Section; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Jayaram Saranya
- Organic Chemistry Section; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Thankappan Remadevi Reshmitha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Thekke Veettil Baiju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Organic Chemistry Section; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Murugan Thulasi Meenu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Organic Chemistry Section; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Mangalam S. Nair
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Organic Chemistry Section; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Prakasan Nisha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
- Organic Chemistry Section; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR); 695019 Thiruvananthapuram India
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Prasad S, Yadav VR, Sundaram C, Reuter S, Hema PS, Nair MS, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Crotepoxide chemosensitizes tumor cells through inhibition of expression of proliferation, invasion, and angiogenic proteins linked to proinflammatory pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16921. [PMID: 27496962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a110.121061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Rajalekshmi DS, Kabeer FA, Madhusoodhanan AR, Bahulayan AK, Prathapan R, Prakasan N, Varughese S, Nair MS. Anticancer activity studies of cubebin isolated from Piper cubeba and its synthetic derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1767-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shyni GL, Sasidharan K, Francis SK, Das AA, Nair MS, Raghu KG. Licarin B from Myristica fragrans improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Licarin B, a major bioactive compound isolated fromMyristica fragransmace improves glucose uptakeviaPPARγ and GLUT4 translocation in IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway in adipocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- G. L. Shyni
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Kavitha Sasidharan
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Sajin K. Francis
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Arya A. Das
- Computational Modeling and Simulation Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Mangalam S. Nair
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - K. G. Raghu
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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Abstract
Phytochemical analysis of the rhizome extract of Curcuma ecalcarata, a hitherto uninvestigated south Western Ghats endemic species, resulted in the isolation and identification of the diaryl heptanoid trans, trans-1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-4,6-heptadiene-3-one (1), steroid β-sitosterol (2), flavanone pinocembrin (4) and monoterpenoids piperitenone (3) and 8-hydroxy piperitone (5). HPTLC estimation of pinocembrin in the rhizome revealed the plant as a rich source of pinocembrin (0.37% dry wt.). The rhizome essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-FID, GC-MS and (13)C NMR. Among the 30 constituents identified in the oil, monoterpenoids predominated (94.2%) followed by sesquiterpenoids (5.8%). The major compound consisting of 65.2% of the oil was isolated and identified as piperitenone (3). The study highlights the plant as a rich source of the flavanone pinocembrin and the volatile aroma compound piperitenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Rameshkumar
- a Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division , Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute , Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562 , Kerala , India
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Dhanya SR, Kumar SN, Sankar V, Raghu KG, Kumar BSD, Nair MS. Nimbolide from Azadirachta indica and its derivatives plus first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics: a novel drug combination for wound-infecting pathogens. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the in vitro efficacy of nimbolide, desacetylnimbin, and the amide derivatives of nimbolide in combination with first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics against major wound-associated bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Dhanya
- Organic Chemistry Section
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - S. Nishanth Kumar
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Vandana Sankar
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - K. G. Raghu
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - B. S. Dileep Kumar
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Mangalam S. Nair
- Organic Chemistry Section
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sajin Francis
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, KeralaIndia
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, GujaratIndia
| | - Mangalam S. Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, KeralaIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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Haddow JB, Adwan H, Clark SE, Tayeh S, Antonowicz SS, Jayia P, Chicken DW, Wiggins T, Davenport R, Kaptanis S, Fakhry M, Knowles CH, Elmetwally AS, Geddoa E, Nair MS, Naeem I, Adegbola S, Muirhead LJ. Use of the surgical Apgar score to guide postoperative care. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014; 96:352-8. [PMID: 24992418 PMCID: PMC4473931 DOI: 10.1308/003588414x13946184900840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The surgical Apgar score (SAS) can predict 30-day major complications or death after surgery. Studies have validated the score in different patient populations and suggest it should be used to objectively guide postoperative care. We aimed to see whether using the SAS in a decisive approach in a future randomised controlled trial (RCT) would be likely to demonstrate an effect on postoperative care and clinical outcome. METHODS A total of 143 adults undergoing general/vascular surgery in 9 National Health Service hospitals were recruited to a pilot single blinded RCT and the data for 139 of these were analysed. Participants were randomised to a control group with standard postoperative care or to an intervention group with care influenced (but not mandated) by the SAS (decisive approach). The notional primary outcome was 30-day major complications or death. RESULTS Incidence of major complications was similar in both groups (control: 20/69 [29%], intervention: 23/70 [33%], p=0.622). Immediate admissions to the critical care unit was higher in the intervention group, especially in the SAS 0-4 subgroup (4/6 vs 2/7) although this was not statistically significant (p=0.310). Validity was also confirmed in area under the curve (AUC) analysis (AUC: 0.77). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study found that a future RCT to investigate the effect of using the SAS in a decisive approach may demonstrate a difference in postoperative care. However, significant changes to the design are needed if differences in clinical outcome are to be achieved reliably. These would include a wider array of postoperative interventions implemented using a quality improvement approach in a stepped wedge cluster design with blinded collection of outcome data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Adwan
- London Surgical Research Group
| | | | - S Tayeh
- London Surgical Research Group
| | | | - P Jayia
- London Surgical Research Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - MS Nair
- London Surgical Research Group
| | - I Naeem
- London Surgical Research Group
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Gupta SC, Francis SK, Nair MS, Mo YY, Aggarwal BB. Azadirone, a limonoid tetranortriterpene, induces death receptors and sensitizes human cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through a p53 protein-independent mechanism: evidence for the role of the ROS-ERK-CHOP-death receptor pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32343-32356. [PMID: 24078627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has shown efficacy in a phase 2 clinical trial, development of resistance to TRAIL by tumor cells is a major roadblock. We investigated whether azadirone, a limonoidal tetranortriterpene, can sensitize human tumor cells to TRAIL. Results indicate that azadirone sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL. The limonoid induced expression of death receptor (DR) 5 and DR4 but did not affect expression of decoy receptors in cancer cells. The induction of DRs was mediated through activation of ERK and through up-regulation of a transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) as silencing of these signaling molecules abrogated the effect of azadirone. These effects of azadirone were cancer cell-specific. The CHOP binding site on the DR5 gene was required for induction of DR5 by azadirone. Up-regulation of DRs was mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as ROS scavengers reduced the effect of azadirone on ERK activation, CHOP up-regulation, DR induction, and TRAIL sensitization. The induction of DRs by this limonoid was independent of p53, but sensitization to TRAIL was p53-dependent. The limonoid down-regulated the expression of cell survival proteins and up-regulated the proapoptotic proteins. The combination of azadirone with TRAIL was found to be additive at concentrations lower than IC50, whereas at higher concentrations, the combination was synergistic. Overall, this study indicates that azadirone can sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL through ROS-ERK-CHOP-mediated up-regulation of DR5 and DR4 signaling, down-regulation of cell survival proteins, and up-regulation of proapoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- From the Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,; the Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Sajin K Francis
- the Organic Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, 695 019 Kerala, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- the Organic Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, 695 019 Kerala, India
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- the Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- From the Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,.
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Kabeer FA, Sreedevi GB, Nair MS, Rajalekshmi DS, Gopalakrishnan LP, Kunjuraman S, Prathapan R. Antineoplastic effects of deoxyelephantopin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber, on lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013; 11:269-77. [DOI: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gupta SC, Prasad S, Sethumadhavan DR, Nair MS, Mo YY, Aggarwal BB. Nimbolide, a limonoid triterpene, inhibits growth of human colorectal cancer xenografts by suppressing the proinflammatory microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4465-76. [PMID: 23766363 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extensive research over the past decade has revealed that the proinflammatory microenvironment plays a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer. Whether nimbolide, a limonoid triterpene, can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer was investigated in the present study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effect of nimbolide on proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines was examined by MTT assay, apoptosis by caspase activation and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, NF-κB activation by DNA-binding assay, and protein expression by Western blotting. The effect of nimbolide on the tumor growth in vivo was examined in colorectal cancer xenografts in a nude mouse model. RESULTS Nimbolide inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed NF-κB activation and NF-κB-regulated tumorigenic proteins in colorectal cancer cells. The suppression of NF-κB activation by nimbolide was caused by sequential inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) activation, IκBα phosphorylation, and p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the effect of nimbolide on IKK activity was found to be direct. In vivo, nimbolide (at 5 and 20 mg/kg body weight), injected intraperitoneally after tumor inoculation, significantly decreased the volume of colorectal cancer xenografts. The limonoid-treated xenografts exhibited significant downregulation in the expression of proteins involved in tumor cell survival (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, c-IAP-1, survivin, and Mcl-1), proliferation (c-Myc and cyclin D1), invasion (MMP-9, ICAM-1), metastasis (CXCR4), and angiogenesis (VEGF). The limonoid was found to be bioavailable in the blood plasma and tumor tissues of treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide evidence that nimbolide can suppress the growth of human colorectal cancer through modulation of the proinflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Hassan SA, Barthwal R, Nair MS, Haque SS. Aqueous Bark Extract of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Streptozotocin- Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Rats. TROP J PHARM RES 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Demetriou GA, Nair MS, Al-Abed Y, Alobaid N, Safar-Aly H, Athow A. Appendicular abscess with appendicolith in a Spigelian hernia masquerading caecal volvulus-A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2012; 3:481-2. [PMID: 22771909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spigelian hernias are rare hernias of the anterior abdominal wall named after Adrian van den Spiegel, the anatomist who first described them in the 16th century. They represent around 2% of all hernias. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present an 83-year-old female with one week history of a painful right iliac fossa swelling, her examination revealed a tender lump with no cough impulse and non-reducible and her computed tomography (CT) scan showed a mass anterior to ileocaecal valve suggestive of a caecal volvulus. Intra-operative the finding was a Spigelian hernia containing an appendicular abscess and an appendicolith. DISCUSSION The diagnosis of Spigelian hernias represents a challenge for the surgeons principally due to their rarity but also due to their anatomy and the variety of their contents. Searching the literature we found many different intra-abdominal structures presenting within a Spigelian hernia but we did not encounter a case similar to this. CONCLUSION Clinicians need to be aware of these hernias when dealing with lower abdominal swellings and have a high index of suspicion even in the presence of negative clinical and CT findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Demetriou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Middlesex University Hospital, London N18 1QX, UK
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Uzzaman MM, Alam A, Nair MS, Borgstein R, Meleagros L. Computed tomography findings of bowel wall thickening: its significance and relationship to endoscopic abnormalities. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012; 94:23-7. [PMID: 22524916 PMCID: PMC3954182 DOI: 10.1308/003588412x13171221498983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to conduct retrospective analysis of abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) reports, identifying those patients in whom bowel wall thickening (BWT) was observed, and to correlate these reports with subsequent endoscopic evaluation. METHODS Formal reports for all patients undergoing abdominopelvic CT between February 2007 and September 2009 were reviewed. Where patients were identified as having colorectal 'wall thickening', results of subsequent endoscopic evaluations were documented. Only those patients with a report of BWT who had follow-up endoscopy (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy) were included in the analysis. RESULTS A total of 165 patients were included. Abnormalities on endoscopy at the exact site of the BWT on CT were found in 95 patients (57.58%); in 36 cases (21.82%) this was a malignant lesion. BWT of the transverse colon was significantly more likely to correspond to an endoscopic finding of cancer than other sites (p=0.034). Rectal bleeding was reported significantly more often in patients with BWT and neoplastic disease on endoscopy compared with those with normal endoscopy (p=0.04). Excluding patients with inflammatory/diverticular lesions, 59.02% of Caucasians had a neoplastic lesion at the site of reported BWT, significantly higher than the other ethnic groups (p=0.008). There were 38 patients (23.03%) who did not present with bowel symptoms and, of these, 6 were diagnosed subsequently with colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study supports endoscopic evaluation to investigate patients with CT evidence of BWT, especially in cases involving the transverse colon, in Caucasian patients or in association with symptoms of rectal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Uzzaman
- Department of colorectal surgery, North Middlesex University Hospital, London UK.
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Gupta SC, Kannappan R, Kim J, Rahman GM, Francis SK, Raveendran R, Nair MS, Das J, Aggarwal BB. Bharangin, a diterpenoid quinonemethide, abolishes constitutive and inducible nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by modifying p65 on cysteine 38 residue and reducing inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α kinase activation, leading to suppression of NF-κB-regulated gene expression and sensitization of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:769-81. [PMID: 21795584 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.073122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inflammatory pathways have been linked with various chronic diseases including cancer, identification of an agent that can suppress these pathways has therapeutic potential. Herein we describe the identification of a novel compound bharangin, a diterpenoid quinonemethide that can suppress pro-inflammatory pathways specifically. We found that bharangin suppresses nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor promoter, cigarette smoke, and endotoxin. Inhibition of NF-κB activation was mediated through the suppression of phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκBα); inhibition of IκBα kinase activation; and suppression of p65 nuclear translocation, and phosphorylation. The diterpenoid inhibited binding of p65 to DNA. A reducing agent reversed the inhibitory effect, and mutation of the Cys(38) of p65 to serine abrogated the effect of bharangin on p65-DNA binding. Molecular docking revealed strong interaction of the ligand with the p65 via two hydrogen bonds one with Lys(37) (2.204 Å) and another with Cys(38) (2.023 Å). The inhibitory effect of bharangin on NF-κB activation was specific, inasmuch as binding of activator protein-1 and octameric transcription factor 1 to DNA was not affected. Suppression of NF-κB activation by this diterpenoid caused the down-regulation of the expression of proteins involved in tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis, leading to potentiation of apoptosis, suppression of proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells. Furthermore, the genetic deletion of p65 and mutation of p65Cys(38) residue to Ser abolished the affect of bharangin. Overall, our results demonstrate that bharangin specifically inhibits the NF-κB activation pathway by modifying p65 and inhibiting IκBα kinase activation and potentiates apoptosis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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Babykutty S, S PP, J NR, Kumar MAS, Nair MS, Srinivas P, Gopala S. Nimbolide retards tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis by downregulating MMP-2/9 expression via inhibiting ERK1/2 and reducing DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:475-90. [PMID: 21678498 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nimbolide, a plant-derived limonoid has been shown to exert its antiproliferative effects in various cell lines. We demonstrate that nimbolide effectively inhibited proliferation of WiDr colon cancer cells through inhibition of cyclin A leading to S phase arrest. It also caused activation of caspase-mediated apoptosis through the inhibition of ERK1/2 and activation of p38 and JNK1/2. Further nimbolide effectively retarded tumor cell migration and invasion through inhibition of metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) expression, both at the mRNA and protein level. It was also a strong inhibitor of VEGF expression, promoter activity, and in vitro angiogenesis. Finally, nimbolide suppressed the nuclear translocation of p65/p50 and DNA binding of NF-κB, which is an important transcription factor for controlling MMP-2/9 and VEGF gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suboj Babykutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Lakshmanan D, Werngren J, Jose L, Suja KP, Nair MS, Varma RL, Mundayoor S, Hoffner S, Kumar RA. Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate isolated from a traditional anti-tuberculosis medicinal herb inhibits drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:757-61. [PMID: 21459133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many plants are used in Ayurveda for the treatment of tuberculosis. Our aim was to examine if these plants possess any specific molecule that inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One of them, Kaempferia galanga, yielded an anti-TB molecule, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC). By resazurin microtitre assay (REMA), EPMC was shown to inhibit M. tuberculosis H37Ra, H37Rv, drug susceptible and multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (MIC 0.242-0.485mM). No cross resistance was observed to any standard anti-TB drugs in the MDR strains. The compound did not inhibit any prototype bacteria tested. EPMC seems to be a potential anti-TB lead molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Lakshmanan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Prasad S, Yadav VR, Sundaram C, Reuter S, Hema PS, Nair MS, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Crotepoxide chemosensitizes tumor cells through inhibition of expression of proliferation, invasion, and angiogenic proteins linked to proinflammatory pathway. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26987-27000. [PMID: 20576605 PMCID: PMC2930698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.121061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotepoxide (a substituted cyclohexane diepoxide), isolated from Kaempferia pulchra (peacock ginger), although linked to antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities, the mechanism by which it exhibits these activities, is not yet understood. Because nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a critical role in these signaling pathways, we investigated the effects of crotepoxide on NF-kappaB-mediated cellular responses in human cancer cells. We found that crotepoxide potentiated tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and chemotherapeutic agents induced apoptosis and inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB-regulated gene products involved in anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, IAP1,(2) MCl-1, survivin, and TRAF1), apoptosis (Bax, Bid), inflammation (COX-2), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-myc), invasion (ICAM-1 and MMP-9), and angiogenesis (VEGF). We also found that crotepoxide inhibited both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation. Crotepoxide inhibition of NF-kappaB was not inducer-specific; it inhibited NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, lipopolysaccharide, and cigarette smoke. Crotepoxide suppression of NF-kappaB was not cell type-specific because NF-kappaB activation was inhibited in myeloid, leukemia, and epithelial cells. Furthermore, we found that crotepoxide inhibited TAK1 activation, which led to suppression of IkappaBalpha kinase, abrogation of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, nuclear translocation of p65, and suppression of NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression. Overall, our results indicate that crotepoxide sensitizes tumor cells to cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents through inhibition of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, and this may provide the molecular basis for crotepoxide ability to suppress inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Vivek R Yadav
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chitra Sundaram
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Simone Reuter
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Padmanabhan S Hema
- Organic Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- Organic Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Madan M Chaturvedi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030.
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Nair MS, Uzzaman MM, Wahab TA, Athow A. Incarcerated inguinal hernia: atypical presentation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Hernia 2009; 14:651-3. [PMID: 19949963 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-009-0598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of an inguinal hernia, be it complicated or uncomplicated, is often simple and straight forward. Rarely, this simple presentation may be the external manifestation of a distant pathology, which is in communication with the inguinal canal through its anatomic relationship. We report a case of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that presented as a strangulated left inguinal hernia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case where the patient was stable on initial presentation, both clinically and biochemically. The only clue for our patient that pointed towards a potential aneurysm was the presence of intra-operative blood in the spermatic cord. We conclude that any patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of a hernia, particularly on the left side, should have a thorough assessment to rule out AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nair
- General Surgery, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
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Kunnumakkara AB, Ichikawa H, Anand P, Mohankumar CJ, Hema PS, Nair MS, Aggarwal BB. Coronarin D, a labdane diterpene, inhibits both constitutive and inducible nuclear factor-kappa B pathway activation, leading to potentiation of apoptosis, inhibition of invasion, and suppression of osteoclastogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3306-17. [PMID: 18852134 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Compounds isolated from members of the Zingiberaceae family are traditionally used as a medicine against inflammatory diseases, but little is known about the mechanism. Here, we report the isolation and structural identification of coronarin D [E-labda-8(17),12-diene-15-ol], a labdane-type diterpene, from Hedychium coronarium and delineate its mechanism of action. Because the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a key mediator of inflammation, apoptosis, invasion, and osteoclastogenesis, we investigated the effect of coronarin D on NF-kappaB activation pathway, NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, and NF-kappaB-regulated cellular responses. The coronarin D inhibited NF-kappaB activation induced by different inflammatory stimuli and carcinogens. This labdane also suppressed constitutive NF-kappaB activity in different cell lines and inhibited IkappaBalpha kinase activation, thus leading to the suppression of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and reporter gene transcription. Coronarin D also inhibited the NF-kappaB-regulated gene products involved in cell survival (inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, Bcl-2, survivin, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2), proliferation (c-myc, cyclin D1, and cyclooxygenase-2), invasion (matrix metalloproteinase-9), and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor). Suppression of these gene products by the diterpene enhanced apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents, suppressed TNF-induced cellular invasion, and abrogated receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis. Coronarin D was found to be more potent than its analogue coronarin D acid. Overall, our results show that coronarin D inhibited NF-kappaB activation pathway, which leads to inhibition of inflammation, invasion, and osteoclastogenesis, as well as potentiation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 143, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
The National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCSP) guidelines raised the initiation of screening age from 20 to 25 years of age in 2004, on the basis that only 1.3% of cervical cancers occur in this age group. Between 2003 and 2005, cervical cancer was diagnosed in six women under 25 years in East Kent, 6.25% of 96 cervical cancers cases. All except one patient in our series presented with a cervical smear abnormality. High-grade cervical smear abnormalities were identified and treated in 187 women under 25 years during this period. Adoption of the guidelines may increase the incidence of invasive disease in young women, the stage at diagnosis and radicality of treatment required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nair
- Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital, Margate, UK.
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James B, Viji S, Mathew S, Nair MS, Lakshmanan D, Ajay Kumar R. Synthesis of novel highly functionalized biologically active polycyclic caged amides. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gopinath C, Thomas S, Nair MS, Ibnusaud I. Analogues of the Quararibea metabolite chiral enolic-γ-lactone from (2S,3S)- and (2S,3R)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- a School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, –500 134, India
| | | | | | - Mangalam S. Nair
- a School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, –500 134, India
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Ichikawa H, Nair MS, Takada Y, Sheeja DBA, Kumar MAS, Oommen OV, Aggarwal BB. Isodeoxyelephantopin, a Novel Sesquiterpene Lactone, Potentiates Apoptosis, Inhibits Invasion, and Abolishes Osteoclastogenesis through Suppression of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Activation and NF-κB-Regulated Gene Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:5910-8. [PMID: 17021000 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deoxyelephantopin (ESD) and isodeoxyelephantopin (ESI) are two sesquiterpene lactones derived from the medicinal plant Elephantopus scaber Linn. (Asteraceae). Although they are used for the treatment of a wide variety of proinflammatory diseases, very little is known about their mechanism of action. Because most genes that control inflammation are regulated by activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), we postulated that ESD and ESI mediate their activities through modulation of the NF-kappaB activation pathway. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the effect of ESI and ESD on NF-kappaB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression by Western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that ESI suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by a wide variety of inflammatory agents, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1beta, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and lipopolysaccharide. The suppression was not cell type specific, and both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation was blocked. ESI did not interfere with the binding of NF-kappaB to DNA but rather inhibited IkappaBalpha kinase, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 phosphorylation, and subsequent p65 nuclear translocation. ESI also suppressed the expression of TNF-induced NF-kappaB-regulated, proliferative, antiapoptotic, and metastatic gene products. These effects correlated with enhancement of apoptosis induced by TNF and suppression of TNF-induced invasion and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ESI inhibits NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression, which may explain the ability of ESI to enhance apoptosis and inhibit invasion and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Ichikawa
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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James B, Rath NP, Suresh E, Nair MS. Formation of novel polycyclic cage compounds through ‘uncaging’ of readily accessible higher cage compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sudhir U, Joly S, James B, Nair MS, Rath NP. Formation of highly caged compounds through Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 3-bromo-7-(bromomethyl)tetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.04,8]undeca-10(12)-ene-9,11-dione with itself and with cyclopentadiene. Res Chem Intermed 2004. [DOI: 10.1163/156856704323033987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sudhir U, James B, Joly S, Nair MS. Diels–Alder reactivity of 2-(bromomethyl)-1,4-quinone and 2-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)-1,4-quinone with cyclopentadiene and the synthesis of new substituted pentacyclic systems. Res Chem Intermed 2003. [DOI: 10.1163/156856703322149053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mehta G, Srikrishna A, Suri SC, Nair MS. Tetracyclo[5.4.0.03,10.04,8]undecane (2,9-ethanonoradamantane) and 12-oxapentacyclo[6.4.0.02,6.03,11.04,9]dodecane system. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00173a060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mehta G, Kapoor SK, Singh BP, Nair MS, Cameron TS, Tacreiter W. An apparent, deep-seated, carbonium-mediated sesquiterpene rearrangement. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00217a051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Two triterpenes 21R,23R-epoxy-21alpha-ethoxy-24S,25-dihydroxyapotirucall-7-en-3-one and 24R-acetoxy-3beta,25-dihydroxycycloartane were isolated from the leaves of Dysoxylum malabaricum together with eight known compounds lupeone, lupeol. sitosterol, dipterocarpol, cycloart-25-ene-3beta,24-diol, 24R,25-dihydroxycycloartan-3-one, 3beta,24R,25-trihydroxycycloartane and ergosta-5,24(24(1))-diene-3beta,4beta,20S-triol. The complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignment of the new apotirucallene triterpenoid has been achieved by 1H-1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hisham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-khode, Oman.
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Nair MS, Sudhir U, Joly S, Rath NP. Two fascinating rearrangements through selective placement of bromine substituents. Photochemical synthesis of 3-bromo-7-(bromomethyl) tetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.04,8]undec-10(12)-ene-9,11-dione and its rearrangement with amines. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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John A, Ramachandran TM, Ashraf S, Nair MS, Devi RS. Carcinoma gall bladder presenting as hemobilia. Indian J Gastroenterol 1999; 18:88-9. [PMID: 10319544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 60-year-old man presented with recurrent bouts of melena, requiring multiple transfusions. Upper GI endoscopic evaluation demonstrated fresh bleeding from the ampulla of Vater. Ultrasonography and CT scan suggested a gall bladder mass without evidence of metastases. Laparotomy confirmed a mass confined to the lumen of the gall bladder. The patient underwent cholecystectomy. Histological examination showed papillary adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder extending up to the muscularis propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A John
- Department of Gastroenterology, Calicut Medical College, Kozhikode
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