1
|
Thomsen FB, Røder MA, Jakobsen H, Langkilde NC, Borre M, Jakobsen EB, Frey A, Lund L, Lunden D, Dahl C, Brasso K. Active Surveillance Versus Radical Prostatectomy in Favorable-risk Localized Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:e814-e821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
2
|
Seibert TM, Fan CC, Wang Y, Zuber V, Karunamuni R, Parsons JK, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Kote-Jarai ZS, Al Olama AA, Garcia SB, Muir K, Grönberg H, Wiklund F, Aly M, Schleutker J, Sipeky C, Tammela TL, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bisbjerg R, Røder MA, Iversen P, Key TJ, Travis RC, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Maier C, Vogel W, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Kluzniak W, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Cuk K, Saum KU, Park JY, Sellers TA, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Batra J, Clements JA, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek A, Karow DS, Mills IG, Andreassen OA, Dale AM. Polygenic hazard score to guide screening for aggressive prostate cancer: development and validation in large scale cohorts. BMJ 2018; 360:j5757. [PMID: 29321194 PMCID: PMC5759091 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a genetic tool to predict age of onset of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) and to guide decisions of who to screen and at what age. DESIGN Analysis of genotype, PCa status, and age to select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diagnosis. These polymorphisms were incorporated into a survival analysis to estimate their effects on age at diagnosis of aggressive PCa (that is, not eligible for surveillance according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines; any of Gleason score ≥7, stage T3-T4, PSA (prostate specific antigen) concentration ≥10 ng/L, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis). The resulting polygenic hazard score is an assessment of individual genetic risk. The final model was applied to an independent dataset containing genotype and PSA screening data. The hazard score was calculated for these men to test prediction of survival free from PCa. SETTING Multiple institutions that were members of international PRACTICAL consortium. PARTICIPANTS All consortium participants of European ancestry with known age, PCa status, and quality assured custom (iCOGS) array genotype data. The development dataset comprised 31 747 men; the validation dataset comprised 6411 men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prediction with hazard score of age of onset of aggressive cancer in validation set. RESULTS In the independent validation set, the hazard score calculated from 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms was a highly significant predictor of age at diagnosis of aggressive cancer (z=11.2, P<10-16). When men in the validation set with high scores (>98th centile) were compared with those with average scores (30th-70th centile), the hazard ratio for aggressive cancer was 2.9 (95% confidence interval 2.4 to 3.4). Inclusion of family history in a combined model did not improve prediction of onset of aggressive PCa (P=0.59), and polygenic hazard score performance remained high when family history was accounted for. Additionally, the positive predictive value of PSA screening for aggressive PCa was increased with increasing polygenic hazard score. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic hazard scores can be used for personalised genetic risk estimates that can predict for age at onset of aggressive PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Seibert
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Verena Zuber
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Roshan Karunamuni
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Kellogg Parsons
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Stroke Research Group, University of Cambridge, R3, Box 83, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch Garcia
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- BioMediTech, 30014 University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teuvo Lj Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bisbjerg
- Department of Urology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Christiane Maier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluzniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Office of the Center Director, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - David S Karow
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian G Mills
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iversen P, Røder MA, Klemann N. The drama of prostate cancer diagnostics – Authors' reply. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e133. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Klemann N, Røder MA, Helgstrand JT, Brasso K, Toft BG, Vainer B, Iversen P. Risk of prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality in men with a benign initial transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy set: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:221-229. [PMID: 28094199 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of missing prostate cancer in the transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsies of the prostate in men with suspected prostate cancer is a key problem in urological oncology. Repeat biopsy or MRI-guided biopsies have been suggested to increase sensitivity for diagnosis of prostate cancer, but the risk of disease-specific mortality in men who present with raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration and a benign initial biopsy result remains unknown. We investigated the risk of overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality in men with a benign initial biopsy set. METHODS Data were extracted from the Danish Prostate Cancer Registry-a population-based registry including all men undergoing histopathological assessment of prostate tissue. All men who were referred for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for assessment of suspected prostate cancer between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2011, in Denmark were eligible for inclusion. Follow-up data were obtained on April 28, 2015. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer-specific mortality, analysed in a competing risk setting, with death from other causes as the competing event. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2011, 64 430 men were referred for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, of whom 63 454 were eligible for inclusion. Median follow-up was 5·9 years (IQR 3·8-8·5) and the total follow-up time, from the enrolment of the first patient on Jan 1, 1995, until the extraction of causes of death on April 28, 2015, was 20 years. 10 407 (30%) of 35 159 men with malignant initial biopsy sets died from prostate cancer, compared with 541 (2%) of 27 181 men with benign initial biopsy sets. Estimated overall 20-year mortality was 76·1% (95% CI 73·0-79·2). In all men referred for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer-specific mortality after 20 years was 25·6% (24·7-26·5) versus 50·5% (47·5-53·5) for mortality from other causes. In men with benign initial biopsy sets, the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer-specific mortality was 5·2% (3·9-6·5) versus 59·9% (55·2-64·6) for mortality from other causes. In men with PSA concentrations 10 μg/L or lower and benign initial biopsy sets (2779 men), the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer-specific mortality was 0·7% (0·2-1·3). Cumulative incidence of prostate cancer specific mortality in men with benign initial biopsy sets was 3·6% (95% CI 0·1-7·2) for men with a PSA higher than 10 ng/mL but 20 ng/mL or less (855 men) and 17·6% (12·7-22·4) and for men with a PSA higher than 20 ng/mL (454 men). INTERPRETATION The first systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy set holds important prognostic information. The 20-year risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality in men with benign initial results is low. Our findings question whether men with low PSA concentration and a benign initial biopsy set should undergo further diagnostic assessment in view of the high risk of mortality from other causes. FUNDING Capital Region of Denmark's Fund for Health Research, Danish Cancer Society, Danish Association for Cancer Research, and Krista and Viggo Petersen's Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Klemann
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Thomas Helgstrand
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte G Toft
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Vainer
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Helgstrand JT, Klemann N, Røder MA, Toft BG, Brasso K, Vainer B, Iversen P. Danish Prostate Cancer Registry - methodology and early results from a novel national database. Clin Epidemiol 2016; 8:351-360. [PMID: 27729813 PMCID: PMC5045909 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s114917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) codes are computer-processable medical terms used to describe histopathological evaluations. SNOMED codes are not readily usable for analysis. We invented an algorithm that converts prostate SNOMED codes into an analyzable format. We present the methodology and early results from a new national Danish prostate database containing clinical data from all males who had evaluation of prostate tissue from 1995 to 2011. Materials and methods SNOMED codes were retrieved from the Danish Pathology Register. A total of 26,295 combinations of SNOMED codes were identified. A computer algorithm was developed to transcode SNOMED codes into an analyzable format including procedure (eg, biopsy, transurethral resection, etc), diagnosis, and date of diagnosis. For validation, ~55,000 pathological reports were manually reviewed. Prostate-specific antigen, vital status, causes of death, and tumor-node-metastasis classification were integrated from national registries. Results Of the 161,525 specimens from 113,801 males identified, 83,379 (51.6%) were sets of prostate biopsies, 56,118 (34.7%) were transurethral/transvesical resections of the prostate (TUR-Ps), and the remaining 22,028 (13.6%) specimens were derived from radical prostatectomies, bladder interventions, etc. A total of 48,078 (42.2%) males had histopathologically verified prostate cancer, and of these, 78.8% and 16.8% were diagnosed on prostate biopsies and TUR-Ps, respectively. Future perspectives A validated algorithm was successfully developed to convert complex prostate SNOMED codes into clinical useful data. A unique database, including males with both normal and cancerous histopathological data, was created to form the most comprehensive national prostate database to date. Potentially, our algorithm can be used for conversion of other SNOMED data and is available upon request.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Helgstrand
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology
| | - N Klemann
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology
| | - M A Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology
| | - B G Toft
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology
| | - B Vainer
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klemann N, Helgstrand JT, Røder MA, Brasso K, Grønkær Toft B, Vainer B, Iversen P. PD26-01 CHANGES IN CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSIS DETECTED ON PROSTATE BIOPSIES IN DANISH MEN FROM 1995 TO 2011. J Urol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Berg KD, Brasso K, Thomsen FB, Røder MA, Holten-Rossing H, Toft BG, Iversen P, Vainer B. ERG protein expression over time: from diagnostic biopsies to radical prostatectomy specimens in clinically localised prostate cancer. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:788-94. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsWe evaluated the consistency in ERG protein expression from diagnostic specimens through rebiopsies to radical prostatectomies in patients with clinically localised prostate cancer to investigate the validity of ERG status in biopsies.MethodsERG expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 625 biopsy sets and 86 radical prostatectomy specimens from 265 patients with prostate cancer managed on active surveillance. For IHC, a rabbit monoclonal primary antibody was used (clone: EPR3864). TMPRSS2-ERG fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analyses were performed in 74 biopsies using the FISH ZytoLight TriCheck Probe (SPEC ERG/TMPRSS2). FISH results were correlated with IHC findings.ResultsThe concordance between FISH and IHC was 97.3% and IHC demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity for ERG rearrangement of 100% and 95.5%, respectively. Applying IHC, 38.1% of patients were ERG-positive, 53.6% were ERG-negative and 8.3% showed both ERG-positive and negative tumour foci (ERG heterogeneous) at diagnosis. When ERG status was dichotomised (ERG-positive or heterogeneous vs ERG-negative), 95.6%–97.1% of patients did not experience ERG reclassification during the first two rounds of rebiopsies. The concordance in ERG status between biopsies and surgical specimen was 89.5%–94.2% depending on the number of rebiopsies included. Sampling bias was assumed to explain most (81.3%) of the mismatches in ERG status.ConclusionsConsistency in ERG status ranged from 90% to 95% for patients undergoing serial biopsies and radical prostatectomy. This indicates that biopsies can be used reliably to investigate ERG's prognostic and predictive value.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lippert S, Berg KD, Iversen P, Høyer-Hansen G, Christensen IJ, Brasso K, Røder MA. Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a novel biomarker in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
183 Background: New biomarkers are warranted to distinguish between indolent and aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays an important role in pericellular proteolysis by binding urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). This is required for degradation of the extracellular matrix and for cancer invasion. In addition to binding uPAR, uPA cleaves uPAR liberating uPAR(I) and uPAR(II-III). Intact, uPAR(I-III), and uPAR(II-III) can be liberated from the cell surface resulting in three different uPAR forms in circulation. The different uPAR forms are strong prognostic markers in several cancers. We measured the uPAR forms in plasma from patients with different stages of PCa. Methods: Between February 1, 2012 and October 1, 2014, 400 patients with PCa (se table) had plasma samples obtained. The levels of intact uPAR [uPAR(I-III)], intact uPAR + cleaved uPAR domains II+III [uPAR(I-III) + uPAR(II-III)], and cleaved uPAR domain I [uPAR(I)] were determined in citrated plasma samples with two-site sandwich time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays (TR-FIAs). Results: Plasma uPAR(I-III) + uPAR(II-III) and uPAR(I) were significantly higher in hormone naïve patients and CRPC patients compared to patients with localized disease (see table). Quantification of intact uPAR(I-III) revealed no significant differences between the three groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that uPAR(I-III) + uPAR(II-III) and uPAR(I) are associated with higher tumor stage as well as advanced PCa disease. These associations suggest that uPAR domains in plasma harbour prognostic value for PCa patients. Further studies are warranted to validate the use of uPAR forms as biomarkers for PCa. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solvej Lippert
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Drimer Berg
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunilla Høyer-Hansen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thomsen FB, Berg KD, Røder MA, Iversen P, Brasso K. Active surveillance for localized prostate cancer: an analysis of patient contacts and utilization of healthcare resources. Scand J Urol 2014; 49:43-50. [PMID: 25363612 DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2014.970572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence supports active surveillance (AS) as a means to reduce overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). The consequences of close and long-standing follow-up with regard to outpatient visits, tests and repeated biopsies are widely unknown. This study investigated the trajectory and costs of AS in patients with localized PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 317 PCa patients were followed in a prospective, single-arm AS cohort. The primary outcomes were number of patient contacts, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, biopsies, hospital admissions due to biopsy complications and patients eventually undergoing curative treatment. The secondary outcome was cost. RESULTS The 5 year cumulative incidence of discontinued AS in a competing-risk model was 40%. During the first 5 years of AS patients underwent a median of two biopsy sets, and patients were seen in an outpatient clinic including PSA testing three to four times annually. In total, 38 of the 406 biopsy sessions led to hospital admission and 87 of the 317 patients required treatment for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). With a median of 3.7 years' follow-up, the total cost of AS was euro (€) 1,240,286. Assuming all patients had otherwise undergone primary radical prostatectomy, the cost difference favoured AS with a net benefit of €662,661 (35% reduction). CONCLUSIONS AS entails a close clinical follow-up with a considerable risk of rebiopsy complication, treatment of BOO and subsequent delayed definitive therapy. This risk should be weighed against a potential economic benefit and reduction in the risk of overtreatment compared to immediate radical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik B Thomsen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Røder MA, Berg KD, Thomsen FB, Hunde D, Brasso K, Iversen P. MP70-19 KETOCONAZOLE THERAPY IN POST-CHEMO MCRPC - THE CASE FOR A COMPARISON TO ABIRATERONE. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Røder MA, Thomsen FB, Brasso K, Rathenborg P, Borre M, Iversen P. PD27-12 BIOCHEMICAL EFFICACY OF ENZALUTAMIDE IN POST-CHEMO MCRPC PATIENTS PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH ABIRATERONE. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Thomsen FB, Brasso K, Klotz LH, Røder MA, Berg KD, Iversen P. Active surveillance for clinically localized prostate cancer--a systematic review. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109:830-5. [PMID: 24610744 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) has been introduced as an observational strategy to delay or avoid curative treatment without compromising long-term cancer-specific survival. The 10 studies included in this review, published between 2008 and 2013, generally agreed upon patients selection for the AS strategy and how they should be managed within the program. However, uncertainties persists concerning optimal patient selection and reliable progression criteria, as well as the long-term safety of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik B Thomsen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Røder MA, Brasso K, Christensen IJ, Johansen J, Langkilde NC, Hvarness H, Carlsson S, Jakobsen H, Borre M, Iversen P. 996 NATION-WIDE ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER IN DENMARK 1995-2011. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Røder MA, Berg KD, Thomsen FB, Gruschy L, Rusch E, Brasso K, Iversen P. 994 STANDARDIZED RELATIVE SURVIVAL AND MORTALITY AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Eeles RA, Olama AAA, Benlloch S, Saunders EJ, Leongamornlert DA, Tymrakiewicz M, Ghoussaini M, Luccarini C, Dennis J, Jugurnauth-Little S, Dadaev T, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Muir K, Giles GG, Severi G, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Haiman CA, Schumacher F, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Gapstur S, Chanock SJ, Berndt SI, Albanes D, Andriole G, Schleutker J, Weischer M, Canzian F, Riboli E, Key TJ, Travis RC, Campa D, Ingles SA, John EM, Hayes RB, Pharoah PDP, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Signorello LB, Thibodeau SN, Schaid D, Maier C, Vogel W, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Lubinski J, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Park JY, Kaneva R, Batra J, Spurdle AB, Clements JA, Teixeira MR, Dicks E, Lee A, Dunning AM, Baynes C, Conroy D, Maranian MJ, Ahmed S, Govindasami K, Guy M, Wilkinson RA, Sawyer EJ, Morgan A, Dearnaley DP, Horwich A, Huddart RA, Khoo VS, Parker CC, Van As NJ, Woodhouse CJ, Thompson A, Dudderidge T, Ogden C, Cooper CS, Lophatananon A, Cox A, Southey MC, Hopper JL, English DR, Aly M, Adolfsson J, Xu J, Zheng SL, Yeager M, Kaaks R, Diver WR, Gaudet MM, Stern MC, Corral R, Joshi AD, Shahabi A, Wahlfors T, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A, Virtamo J, Klarskov P, Nordestgaard BG, Røder MA, Nielsen SF, Bojesen SE, Siddiq A, Fitzgerald LM, Kolb S, Kwon EM, Karyadi DM, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Cai Q, McDonnell SK, Rinckleb AE, Drake B, Colditz G, Wokolorczyk D, Stephenson RA, Teerlink C, Muller H, Rothenbacher D, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Slavov C, Mitev V, Lose F, Srinivasan S, Maia S, Paulo P, Lange E, Cooney KA, Antoniou AC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Tessier DC, Kote-Jarai Z, Easton DF. Identification of 23 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci using the iCOGS custom genotyping array. Nat Genet 2013; 45:385-91, 391e1-2. [PMID: 23535732 PMCID: PMC3832790 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males in developed countries. To identify common prostate cancer susceptibility alleles, we genotyped 211,155 SNPs on a custom Illumina array (iCOGS) in blood DNA from 25,074 prostate cancer cases and 24,272 controls from the international PRACTICAL Consortium. Twenty-three new prostate cancer susceptibility loci were identified at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). More than 70 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, explaining ∼30% of the familial risk for this disease, have now been identified. On the basis of combined risks conferred by the new and previously known risk loci, the top 1% of the risk distribution has a 4.7-fold higher risk than the average of the population being profiled. These results will facilitate population risk stratification for clinical studies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Amin Al Olama A, Kote-Jarai Z, Schumacher FR, Wiklund F, Berndt SI, Benlloch S, Giles GG, Severi G, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Hunter DJ, Henderson BE, Thun MJ, Gaziano M, Giovannucci EL, Siddiq A, Travis RC, Cox DG, Canzian F, Riboli E, Key TJ, Andriole G, Albanes D, Hayes RB, Schleutker J, Auvinen A, Tammela TL, Weischer M, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Cybulski C, Lubinski J, Thibodeau SN, Schaid DJ, Sorensen KD, Batra J, Clements JA, Chambers S, Aitken J, Gardiner RA, Maier C, Vogel W, Dörk T, Brenner H, Habuchi T, Ingles S, John EM, Dickinson JL, Cannon-Albright L, Teixeira MR, Kaneva R, Zhang HW, Lu YJ, Park JY, Cooney KA, Muir KR, Leongamornlert DA, Saunders E, Tymrakiewicz M, Mahmud N, Guy M, Govindasami K, O'Brien LT, Wilkinson RA, Hall AL, Sawyer EJ, Dadaev T, Morrison J, Dearnaley DP, Horwich A, Huddart RA, Khoo VS, Parker CC, Van As N, Woodhouse CJ, Thompson A, Dudderidge T, Ogden C, Cooper CS, Lophatonanon A, Southey MC, Hopper JL, English D, Virtamo J, Le Marchand L, Campa D, Kaaks R, Lindstrom S, Diver WR, Gapstur S, Yeager M, Cox A, Stern MC, Corral R, Aly M, Isaacs W, Adolfsson J, Xu J, Zheng SL, Wahlfors T, Taari K, Kujala P, Klarskov P, Nordestgaard BG, Røder MA, Frikke-Schmidt R, Bojesen SE, FitzGerald LM, Kolb S, Kwon EM, Karyadi DM, Orntoft TF, Borre M, Rinckleb A, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Meyer A, Serth J, Marthick JR, Patterson B, Wokolorczyk D, Spurdle A, Lose F, McDonnell SK, Joshi AD, Shahabi A, Pinto P, Santos J, Ray A, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Stephenson RA, Teerlink C, Muller H, Rothenbacher D, Tsuchiya N, Narita S, Cao GW, Slavov C, Mitev V, Chanock S, Gronberg H, Haiman CA, Kraft P, Easton DF, Eeles RA. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify prostate cancer susceptibility loci associated with aggressive and non-aggressive disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:408-15. [PMID: 23065704 PMCID: PMC3526158 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PrCa), but these explain less than one-third of the heritability. To identify further susceptibility alleles, we conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS including 5953 cases of aggressive PrCa and 11 463 controls (men without PrCa). We computed association tests for approximately 2.6 million SNPs and followed up the most significant SNPs by genotyping 49 121 samples in 29 studies through the international PRACTICAL and BPC3 consortia. We not only confirmed the association of a PrCa susceptibility locus, rs11672691 on chromosome 19, but also showed an association with aggressive PrCa [odds ratio = 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.21), P = 1.4 × 10(-8)]. This report describes a genetic variant which is associated with aggressive PrCa, which is a type of PrCa associated with a poorer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Fredrick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, 723 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, 723 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - David E. Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 279, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgery and
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Thun
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David G. Cox
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Centre, NYU Cancer Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences and
| | - Teuvo L.J. Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer Control, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne Aitken
- Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer Control, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert A. Gardiner
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology and
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology,Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Sue Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joanne L. Dickinson
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Centre, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Edward Saunders
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Nadiya Mahmud
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Koveela Govindasami
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lynne T. O'Brien
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Amanda L. Hall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Emma J. Sawyer
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Jonathan Morrison
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - David P. Dearnaley
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Alan Horwich
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Robert A. Huddart
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Vincent S. Khoo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Christopher C. Parker
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Nicholas Van As
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | | | - Alan Thompson
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Tim Dudderidge
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Chris Ogden
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dallas English
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, 723 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Susan Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roman Corral
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Division of Urology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital and
| | - William Isaacs
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 115 Marburg Building, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jan Adolfsson
- Oncological Centre, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Kujala
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peter Klarskov
- Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | | | - Liesel M. FitzGerald
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erika M. Kwon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M. Karyadi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | | | - Manuel Luedeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Rechts der Isar Medical Centre, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - James R. Marthick
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Briony Patterson
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Felicity Lose
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Amit D. Joshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ahva Shahabi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Pinto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Centre, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Centre, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Craig Teerlink
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heiko Muller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research and
| | | | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology,Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology,Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Guang-Wen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital,Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Chanock
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Strangeways Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton, London and Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vainer B, Røder MA, Toft BG, Olsen KE, Jacobsen GK, Marcussen N. Response to: K B Bell, M Kida & K Cooper: Histopathology sampling of radical prostatectomy specimens: representative or entire submission? Histopathology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|