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Dopchiz MC, Elissondo MC, Andresiuk MV, Maiorini E, Gutiérrez AM, Muzulin PM, Rosenzvit MC, Lavallén CM, Denegri G. Pediatric hydatidosis in the south-east of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2009; 41:105-111. [PMID: 19623901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a zoonosis produced by the metacestode Echinococcus spp. The aims of this research are: to contribute to the knowledge of pediatric hydatidosis in the south-east of Buenos Aires province, to study its evolution from 1993 to 2002 at the Regional Maternity and Pediatric Hospital "Dr. Victorio Tetamanti", to determine the strains involved and to discuss the importance of the disease. The clinical records of diagnosed and/or operated patients were reviewed with regard to the hydatid disease. The strain was determined by using PCRs with Eg1 121a/122a primers. Forty-four cases were analyzed. Fifty nine point one per cent of the patients were boys. The mean age was 8 SD=3.8 years. Sixty one point four per cent had urban residence. Ultrasonography was used in 61% of the cases. The hepatic location was most frequently seen and the liver/lung ratio was 1.25. Ninety point nine per cent of patients received surgical treatment. Albendazole was used in 52% of cases. The average hospitalization time was 11 days. The G1/G2 strain group was determined. This report is the first one of its kind in the studied region. The permanence of hydatidosis in the region depends on the natural transmission of the parasite in the absence of control and prevention measures. The health authorities should implement strategies of prevention and control in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dopchiz
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 (7600) Mar del Plata, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Roratto PA, Bartholomei-Santos ML, Gutierrez AM, Kamenetzky L, Rosenzvit MC, Zaha A. Detection of genetic polymorphism among and within Echinococcus granulosus strains by heteroduplex analysis of a microsatellite from the U1 snRNA genes. Genet Mol Res 2006; 5:542-52. [PMID: 17117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction of a pentanucleotide microsatellite in the U1 snRNA gene complex generated a multiple band pattern due to the priming of paralogous sequences. Denaturation and slow renaturation of polymerase chain reaction products allow the formation of heteroduplex DNA that can be detected by its differential mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Heteroduplex analysis was used to determine if the U1 snRNA microsatellite could be a useful genetic marker in Echinococcus granulosus. A U1 snRNA microsatellite fragment from E. granulosus was isolated and characterized by Southern blot and sequencing. Four E. granulosus strains were analyzed: sheep, Tasmanian sheep, cattle, and camel strains. The former two showed polymorphism and shared three of the six patterns found for sheep strain. The cattle strain displayed two patterns, and the camel strain was monomorphic. The electrophoretic profiles were used for statistical analysis in order to determine genetic distance and the relationship among strains. Heteroduplex analysis can be helpful in genotyping E. granulosus strains and is useful in detecting polymorphism within strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Roratto
- Departamento de Biologia, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Yang YR, Rosenzvit MC, Zhang LH, Zhang JZ, McManus DP. Molecular study of Echinococcus in west-central China. Parasitology 2006; 131:547-55. [PMID: 16174420 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005007973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
West-central China is an important endemic focus of both alveolar and cystic echinococcosis where several species of intermediate host are commonly infected with Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis . Isolates of E. granulosus were collected from humans and other animals from different geographical areas of Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu and Sichuan, and genotyped using the mitochondrial DNA marker ATP synthase subunit 6 gene (atp6). The sheep strain (G1 genotype) of E. granulosus was shown to be the only genotype present in sheep, cattle, goats, yaks and humans in the study areas. However, some heterogeneity in the atp6 sequence was evident in a number of the isolates with the most frequent change being a silent substitution (G/A) at position 360 compared with the G1 reference sequence representing isolates collected from the majority of hosts except humans. Two E. multilocularis isolates examined also had sequences that varied from each other and from the reference E. multilocularis atp6 sequence. The genotypic variation we report may reflect phenotypic differences with important consequences in terms of increased host infectivity for hosts by local Echinococcus strains, possibly impacting on the epidemiology and control of echinococcosis. Such adaptations may also result in different sensitivity to drugs or increased virulence for hosts that will impede control efforts and even affect vaccination strategies against Echinococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Yang
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Q 4006, Australia
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Kamenetzky L, Muzulin PM, Gutierrez AM, Angel SO, Zaha A, Guarnera EA, Rosenzvit MC. High polymorphism in genes encoding antigen B from human infecting strains of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 2005; 131:805-15. [PMID: 16336734 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005008474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus antigen B (AgB) is encoded by a gene family and is involved in the evasion of the host immune response. E. granulosus exists as a number of strains (G1-G10) that differ in biological characteristics. We used PCR-SSCP followed by DNA sequencing to evaluate sequence variation and transcription profile of AgB in 5 E. granulosus strains. Twenty-four genomic sequences were isolated and clustered in 3 groups related to 2 of the 5 reported AgB genes. AgB4 genes were present in almost all strains, whereas AgB2 were present as functional genes exclusively in G1/G2 cluster, and as non-functional genes in G5 and the G6/G7 cluster, suggesting inter-strain variation. The AgB transcription patterns, analysed by RT-PCR, showed that AgB2 and AgB4 genes were transcribed in G1, while only the AgB4 gene was transcribed in G7 strain. Cysts from the same strain or cluster shared more genomic and cDNA variants than cysts from different strain or cluster. The level of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence variation observed is higher than that reported so far for coding genes of other helminths. Neutrality was rejected for AgB2 genes. These data show the genetic polymorphism of antigen-coding genes among genetically characterized strains of E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kamenetzky
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires (1281), ArgentinaInstituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH)-Conicet/UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
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González LM, Daniel-Mwambete K, Montero E, Rosenzvit MC, McManus DP, Gárate T, Cuesta-Bandera C. Further molecular discrimination of Spanish strains of Echinococcus granulosus. Exp Parasitol 2002; 102:46-56. [PMID: 12615166 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4894(02)00146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have designed two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets (PEg9F1-PEg9R1 and PEg16F1-PEg16R1) and two PCR protocols (Eg9-PCR and Eg16-PCR) for discrimination of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes. The oligonucleotide sequences originate from two E. granulosus DNA multiplex-PCR amplification fragments, previously reported, that allows species-specific discrimination between Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, and E. granulosus. The Eg9-PCR, Eg16-PCR, and Eg9-PCR linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to characterize 53 E. granulosus isolates from the central region of Spain, highly endemic for echinococcosis. The analysis resulted in: (i) the discrimination of E. granulosus from Echinococcus multilocularis; (ii) the characterisation and discrimination of discrete E. granulosus strains from Spain; and (iii) the identification of two distinct genotypes within E. granulosus Spanish pig isolates. To further characterize the genetic variants in pigs, fragments of the NADH dehydrogenase I (ND1) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) genes were amplified from parasite DNA and sequenced. The results again revealed the presence of two distinct genotypes: the G1 (sheep-dog strain) and G7 (pig-dog strain) genotypes. This observation could have important consequences for human health in Spain. Furthermore, the Eg9-PCR, Eg16-PCR, and Eg9-PCR-RFLP protocols can be used as additional methods to discriminate various E. granulosus genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M González
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
A 186 bp Echinococcus granulosus-specific repetitive element, TREg, was used to assess genetic variation between strains. In G7 genotype (pig strain) it has the characteristics of a satellite DNA element with a copy number of 23000 per haploid genome. Analysis, by sequencing of TREg monomers, showed a great degree of identity within them. In the G1 genotype (common sheep strain) TREg-like repetitive elements were found in an interspersed distribution throughout the genome and in only 120 copies. The sequences of these monomers showed a great degree of variation between them and with TREg of G7 origin. The G6 genotype (camel strain) showed a pattern of distribution and copy number similar to the G7 genotype, and the G2 genotype (Tasmanian sheep strain) similar to the G1 genotype. Isolates from the G5 (cattle strain) and G4 (horse strain) genotypes also showed unique hybridization patterns in Southern blot experiments. The genomic plasticity of E. granulosus, which may have important consequences in the epidemiology and control of cystic hydatid disease is reflected in the results of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rosenzvit
- Departamento de Parasitología, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kamenetzky L, Canova SG, Guarnera EA, Rosenzvit MC. Echinococcus granulosus: DNA extraction from germinal layers allows strain determination in fertile and nonfertile hydatid cysts. Exp Parasitol 2000; 95:122-7. [PMID: 10910713 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2000.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for the isolation of Echinococcus granulosus DNA from germinal layers of hydatid cysts is described. The method includes a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloroform extraction and an adsorption to diatomaceous earth suspension. DNA suitable for polymerase chain reaction was obtained and used for parasite strain determination by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequencing. Fertile and nonfertile cyst isolates from sheep, cattle, pigs, and humans were characterized. Hitherto, no direct parasite strain characterization has been made on nonfertile hydatid cysts, whereas here we report that nonfertile hydatid cysts were produced by sheep strain (G1 genotype) in sheep, cattle, and humans and by pig strain (G7 genotype) in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kamenetzky
- Departamento de Parasitología Sanitaria, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán,", Vélez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rosenzvit MC, Zhang LH, Kamenetzky L, Canova SG, Guarnera EA, McManus DP. Genetic variation and epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in Argentina. Parasitology 1999; 118 ( Pt 5):523-30. [PMID: 10363285 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182099004035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-ribosomal ITS-1 DNA (rDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes were used to characterize 33 Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from different regions and hosts in Argentina, and to determine which genotypes occurred in humans with cystic hydatid disease. The results of the study demonstrated the presence of at least 4 distinct genotypes; the common sheep strain (G1) in sheep from Chubut Province and in humans from Río Negro Province, the Tasmanian sheep strain (G2) in sheep and 1 human from Tucumán Province, the pig strain (G7) in pigs from Santa Fe Province and the carnel strain (G6) in humans from Río Negro and Buenos Aires Provinces. The finding that pigs harboured the pig strain and the occurrence of the Tasmanian sheep strain has considerable implications for the implementation of hydatid control programmes due to the shorter maturation time of both strains in dogs compared with the common sheep strain. Furthermore, this is the first report of the presence of the G2 and G6 genotypes in humans which may also have important consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rosenzvit
- Departamento de Parasitología Sanitaria, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rosenzvit MC, Canova SG, Kamenetzky L, Ledesma BA, Guarnera EA. Echinococcus granulosus: cloning and characterization of a tandemly repeated DNA element. Exp Parasitol 1997; 87:65-8. [PMID: 9287959 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1997.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A repetitive DNA element from the genome of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus has been cloned and sequenced. The 186-base-pair repeating units are arranged in direct tandem, probably clustered in the parasite genome. The estimated copy number of the repeat is 11,500 and represents between 2 and 3% of the parasite genome. The repetitive sequence is specific for Echinococcus since it does not cross-hybridize with either DNA of other cestode species or pig and dog DNA. The repetitive element is capable of detecting between 250 and 500 pg of E. granulosus DNA by dot blot assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rosenzvit
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Microbiología Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rosenzvit MC, Tomchinsky SE, Garberi JC. Deoxyribonuclease activity in Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and hydatid fluid. Int J Parasitol 1994; 24:607-10. [PMID: 8082990 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(94)90153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribonuclease activity was detected in E. granulosus protoscoleces from sheep hydatid cysts by electrophoresis in agarose gels of DNA fragments obtained after incubation of integral DNA with a protoscoleces preparation. Preliminary characterization showed that deoxyribonuclease activity was optimal at neutral-alkaline pH, magnesium ions were required, and it was able to digest different types of DNA, making random cuts. Electrophoresis in DNA-containing sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels indicated a relative molecular mass, under non-reducing conditions, of 32 kDa. Deoxyribonuclease activity was also found in sheep hydatid fluid. It shared optimal pH, ionic and substrate requirements with the enzyme from protoscoleces but had a higher relative molecular mass (40 kDa), the same as that of normal sheep serum deoxyribonuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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