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Jerg-Bretzke L, Kempf M, Jarczok M, Kilian R, Weimer K, Gündel H, Morawa E, Hiebel N, Schmiedgen S, Albus C, Beschoner P. Results of a factor analysis of items regarding COVID-19 pandemic-specific workload among medical staff in Germany. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471909 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEpidemics lead to an increase in occupational stress and psychological strain among medical staff (cf. Mulfinger et al. 2020). However, there are no validated questionnaires to measure stress caused by an epidemic such as Covid-19, instead self-constructed questions are used frequently.ObjectivesThe aim was to develop items for the assessment of specific workload in epidemics which can be used to obtain longitudinal data.MethodsA sample of N=8078 persons working in the health care sector in Germany participated in the VOICE, EviPan online survey addressing the burden of Covid-19 pandemic during the 2nd quarter of 2020. We used 15 self-constructed items to examine whether these items can represent Covid-19 specific topics. A total of N=7549 (24% males) had complete data to run a confirmatory factor analysis using SEM procedure in Stata 14.2.ResultsFive factors were identified a priory: Factor (F) 1: Workload due to Covid-19 pandemic (4 items; Cronbachs’ alpha (α))=0.740); F 2: Fear, uncertainty of SarsCoV-2infection (self and others) (3 items; α= 0.741); F 3: Patient safety (3 items; α=0.533; F 4: Perception of protection concepts (2 items; α=0.590); F 5: Dysfunctional coping strategies (3 items; α=0.447). Fit-Indices: χ²(73)= 1373.849, p<.001, CFI=.946, TLI=.923, RMSEA=.0049, SRMR=.037)ConclusionsWe identified 5 factors associated with problems occurring during the Covid-19 pandemic with acceptable to good internal consistency. Most of the constructed items could therefore be used in further surveys to monitor stress, as a basis for recommendations in the area of stress prevention and interventions for medical staff during epidemics.
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Lehmann JAM, Schwarz E, Rahmani Azad Z, Gritzka S, Seifried-Dübon T, Diebig M, Gast M, Kilian R, Nater U, Jarczok M, Kessemeier F, Braun S, Balint E, Rothermund E, Junne F, Angerer P, Gündel H. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a stress management training for leaders of small and medium sized enterprises - study protocol for a randomized controlled-trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:468. [PMID: 33685418 PMCID: PMC7938293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaders in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are exposed to increased stress as a result of a range of challenges. Moreover, they rarely have the opportunity to participate in stress management trainings. Therefore, KMU-GO (ger: Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen - Gesundheitsoffensive; en: small and medium-sized enterprises - health campaign) aims at conducting and evaluating such a stress management training. The focus of evaluation does not only lie on the effects on leaders participating but also on their employees. METHODS The study is planned as a 2 × 3 mixed design with two groups (intervention and waiting control group) as a between factor and point in time (at baseline, 6 and 12 months later) as a within factor. We aim at collecting data from N = 200 leaders. Based on the results of a preceding assessment, an already successfully implemented stress management training was adapted to SME needs and now serves as the framework of this intervention. The stress management training comprises one and a half days and is followed by two booster sessions (each 180 min) about 3 and 6 months after the training. The main focus of this intervention lies on specifying leaders stress reactivity while at the same time investigating its effects on employees' mental health. Further dependent variables are leaders´ depression and anxiety scores, effort-reward imbalance, sick days and psychophysiological measures of heart rate variability, hair cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase. Cost-effectiveness analyses will be conducted from a societal and employers' point of view. DISCUSSION Stress management is a highly relevant issue for leaders in SMEs. By providing an adequate occupational stress management training, we expect to improve leaders´ and also employees` mental health, thereby preventing economic losses for SMEs and the national economy. However, collecting data from employees about the success of a stress management training of their leader is a highly sensitive topic. It requires a carefully planned proceeding ensuring for example a high degree of transparency, anonymity, and providing team incentives. TRIAL REGISTRATION The KMU-GO trial is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS): DRKS00023457 (05.11.2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. M. Lehmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Schwarz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Z. Rahmani Azad
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Gritzka
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T. Seifried-Dübon
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Diebig
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Gast
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R. Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - U. Nater
- Department for Clinical and Health Psychology, Wien University, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Wien, Austria
| | - M. Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - F. Kessemeier
- Section of Health Care Research and Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Braun
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Balint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - F. Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Angerer
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H. Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Jud A, Pfeiffer E, Jarczok M. Epidemiology of violence against children in migration: A systematic literature review. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 108:104634. [PMID: 32745801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in migration experience various forms of violence before, on, and after their migration journey. Epidemiological research on the prevalence of violence in this highly vulnerable group is lacking, however. METHOD A PRISMA-guided systematic literature review with a three-tiered search strategy was conducted by searching academic literature databases and gray literature on websites of international organizations and by contacting experts. All empirical studies published within the last 15 years were eligible. Predefined search terms related to violence, children, epidemiology, and migration were used. FINDINGS Of 1014 records, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 100 to 8,047, with a total of 16,915 children (Mdn = 311). Lifetime prevalence of violence varied considerably: Child physical maltreatment ranged from 9 %-65 % and child sexual abuse from 5 %-20 %. For internally displaced children, violence often occurred at the hands of those who were responsible for their care. Unfortunately, data on the context and country in which the violence occurred-in the country of origin, on route, or in the country of arrival-were lacking. CONCLUSION The discrepancy between the importance of the topic and the dearth of data is striking. Filling the gaps requires not only more rigorous methodology but also more research in general on the epidemiology of violence against children in migration. We outline methodological challenges and draft an agenda for improved data on the topic. There is an urgent need for evidence that supports the development and adaptation of effective, tailored, and child-sensitive prevention and intervention programs for children in migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jud
- University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Steinhoevelstraße 1, 89075 Ulm, Germany; Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, School of Social Work, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - E Pfeiffer
- University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Steinhoevelstraße 1, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Jarczok
- University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Steinhoevelstraße 1, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Barrech A, Reinhold K, Rottler E, Jerg-Bretzke L, Hölzer M, Rieger M, Jarczok M, Gündel H, Rothermund E. Beeinflussen Arbeitsbedingungen die Inanspruchnahme einer „Psychosomatischen Sprechstunde im Betrieb“? Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Barrech
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - K Reinhold
- Universität Ulm am BKH Günzburg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II, Günzburg, Deutschland
| | - E Rottler
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - L Jerg-Bretzke
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - M Hölzer
- ZFP Suedwuerttemberg, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - M Rieger
- University Clinic Tuebingen, Medical Faculty Tuebingen, Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, Competence Centre Health Services Research, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M Jarczok
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - H Gündel
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - E Rothermund
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Ulm, Deutschland
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