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Hoffmeyer F, Beine A, Lotz A, Kleinmüller O, Nöllenheidt C, Zahradnik E, Nienhaus A, Raulf M. Upper and lower respiratory airway complaints among female veterinary staff. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:665-675. [PMID: 34669024 PMCID: PMC8938376 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Working with animals is characterized by exposure to particulate, biological or chemical matter, and respiratory complaints are common. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diagnoses among veterinary staff. Methods Participants working in veterinary practices were examined and a detailed questionnaire was used to collect data. IgE tests to common and animal allergens were performed to specify sensitization. Associations with respiratory outcomes were analysed using logistic regression models while controlling for potential confounders. Results Atopy was seen in 31% of the 109 female participants. Symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis were the most frequent complaints (n = 92; 84%). In 18% the diagnosis was confirmed by physicians. Symptoms of upper and lower airways were highly correlated and an asthma diagnosis was confirmed in 11% of participants. Modelling revealed that sensitization against cats/dogs was a significant risk factor for respiratory symptoms of upper [odds ratio (OR) 4.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–18.81] and lower airways (OR 5.14; 95% CI 1.25–21.13), physician-confirmed rhinoconjunctivitis (OR 13.43; 95% CI 1.69–106.5) and asthma (OR 9.02; 95% CI 1.16–70.39) in assistant staff of small-animal practices. Conclusions In several cases, rhinoconjunctivitis worsened after entering the profession. Atopy and specific sensitization to cats/dogs were risk factors for health impairments. Thus, to implement preventive measures, veterinary practice staff should be educated that upper respiratory tract symptoms are not harmless and should be diagnosed and treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hoffmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - A Beine
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Lotz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - O Kleinmüller
- Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), Center for Epidemiology and Heath Service Research in Nursing (CVcare), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Nöllenheidt
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - E Zahradnik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Nienhaus
- Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), Center for Epidemiology and Heath Service Research in Nursing (CVcare), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Hazardous Substances and Health Research (AGG), Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW), Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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2
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van Kampen V, Hoffmeyer F, Monsé C, Raulf M, Brüning T, Bünger J, Sucker K. Discrimination Between Atopic, Allergic, and Asthmatic Volunteers for Human Exposure Studies on Sensory Irritation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1279:27-35. [PMID: 32266608 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic, allergic, and especially asthmatic subjects might be particularly susceptible to sensory irritation induced by airborne chemicals compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, a good characterization of subjects is essential in inhalation exposure studies on sensory irritants. A total of 105 volunteers, 87% of whom reported to be non-allergic, participated in a medical examination that included skin prick test (SPT), measurements of total IgE, specific IgE (sIgE) to an ubiquitous allergen mix (sx1), and fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), as well as pulmonary function and methacholine test. The median value of sIgE to sx1 was 0.20 kU/L (0.07-91.3 kU/L) and correlated significantly with total IgE (28.8 kU/L (2-756 kU/L)) and FeNO (14 ppb (5-100 ppb)). Forty-three subjects (41%) had sIgE to sx1 ≥ 0.35 kU/L and were classified as atopic. Thirty-five subjects, all also sx1-positive, were positive in SPT. Obstruction, small airway disease, and/or bronchial hyperreactivity were diagnosed in 18 subjects. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were performed to check whether signs of sensitization are useful to discriminate subjects with and without airway diseases. However, sx1, total IgE, FeNO, and SPT reached only low areas under the curve (AUC: 0.57-0.66). Although predominantly young and, according to their own statements, mostly non-allergic subjects participated in the study, almost half of them were atopic, and 10% had airway disease or bronchial hyperreactivity. This indicates that the validity of self-reported data might be inaccurate. In summary, diversified investigations of the allergy-related health status appear necessary for a thorough characterization of subjects for exposure studies on sensory irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V van Kampen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
| | - F Hoffmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - C Monsé
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - J Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - K Sucker
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Liebers V, Brüning T, Raulf M. Occupational endotoxin exposure and health effects. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3629-3644. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Sigsgaard T, Basinas I, Doekes G, de Blay F, Folletti I, Heederik D, Lipinska-Ojrzanowska A, Nowak D, Olivieri M, Quirce S, Raulf M, Sastre J, Schlünssen V, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Siracusa A. Respiratory diseases and allergy in farmers working with livestock: a EAACI position paper. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:29. [PMID: 32642058 PMCID: PMC7336421 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmers constitute a large professional group worldwide. In developed countries farms tend to become larger, with a concentration of farm operations. Animal farming has been associated with negative respiratory effects such as work-related asthma and rhinitis. However, being born and raised or working on a farm reduces the risk of atopic asthma and rhinitis later in life. A risk of chronic bronchitis and bronchial obstruction/COPD has been reported in confinement buildings and livestock farmers. This position paper reviews the literature linking exposure information to intensive animal farming and the risk of work-related respiratory diseases and focuses on prevention. Animal farming is associated with exposure to organic dust containing allergens and microbial matter including alive microorganisms and viruses, endotoxins and other factors like irritant gases such as ammonia and disinfectants. These exposures have been identified as specific agents/risk factors of asthma, rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, COPD and reduced FEV1. Published studies on dust and endotoxin exposure in livestock farmers do not show a downward trend in exposure over the last 30 years, suggesting that the workforce in these industries is still overexposed and at risk of developing respiratory disease. In cases of occupational asthma and rhinitis, avoidance of further exposure to causal agents is recommended, but it may not be obtainable in agriculture, mainly due to socio-economic considerations. Hence, there is an urgent need for focus on farming exposure in order to protect farmers and others at work in these and related industries from developing respiratory diseases and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sigsgaard
- Department of Environment Occupation & Health, Dept of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Basinas
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Doekes
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F de Blay
- Division of Asthma and Allergy, Department of Chest Diseases, University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - I Folletti
- Occupational Medicine, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - D Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Lipinska-Ojrzanowska
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - D Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member DZL, German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - M Olivieri
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Raulf
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Sastre
- Department of Allergy, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Schlünssen
- Department of Environment Occupation & Health, Dept of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Build. 1260, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Siracusa
- Formerly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Rosenkranz D, Bünger J, Hoffmeyer F, Monsé C, van Kampen V, Raulf M, Brüning T, Sucker K. How Healthy Is Healthy? Comparison Between Self-Reported Symptoms and Clinical Outcomes in Connection with the Enrollment of Volunteers for Human Exposure Studies on Sensory Irritation Effects. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2020; 1271:49-59. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Kespohl S, Raulf M. Mold Sensitization in Asthmatic and Non-asthmatic Subjects Diagnosed with Extract-Based Versus Component-Based Allergens. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1153:79-89. [PMID: 30783996 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthmatic patients are suspected of having a higher risk of mold sensitization. Thus, precise diagnosis of fungal sensitization is important. Mold allergen extracts are difficult to standardize, but component-resolved allergy diagnosis may be an alternative to replace extract-based tests. In this research, asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects were studied for their sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp f), Cladosporium herbarum (Cla h), Penicillium chrysogenum (Pen ch), Alternaria alternata (Alt a), and Aspergillus versicolor (Asp v). Extract-based tests were applied using the skin prick test (SPT) and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). Subjects with extract-based sensitization to Asp f or Alt a were further investigated for sIgE response to recombinant (r) single mold allergens. At least one mold sensitization was found in about 50% of asthmatic and non-asthmatics with the most frequent sensitization to Alt a, followed by Pen ch, Asp f, Cla h, and Asp v. Interestingly, sensitization rate to individual mold species was always higher in asthmatics and was only significant for Pen ch. The component-resolved diagnosis with the sum of rAsp f 1 - rAsp f 4 plus rAsp f 6 matched the extract-based results (SPT and/or sIgE) in 50% of asthmatics and 46% of non-asthmatics, whereas, rAlt a 1 covered 59% of asthmatics and 50% non-asthmatics of extract-based Alt a sensitization. In conclusion, individual fungal sensitization rate was higher in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics. Extract-based tests, especially SPTs, were most sensitive, but component-based tests covered 80% of extract-based serological sensitization to Alternaria and Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Hoffmeyer F, Sucker K, Berresheim H, Monsé C, Jettkant B, Beine A, Raulf M, Bünger J, Brüning T. Impact of Internal and External Factors on EBC-pH and FeNO Changes in Humans Following Challenge with Ethyl Acrylate. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1020:7-16. [PMID: 28236121 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute effects of ethyl acrylate exposure at 5 ppm for 4 h include changes of pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC-pH) and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). So far, few data have been reported for atopic persons or the impact of the exposure conditions on biomarkers, e.g., constant versus variable application of irritants. Nine atopic and eighteen healthy volunteers without bronchial hyperresponsiveness were exposed for 4 h to ethyl acrylate concentrations of 0.05 ppm (sham), 5 ppm (constant concentration), and 0-10 ppm (variable, mean concentration of 5 ppm) in an exposure laboratory. A positive atopic status was defined according to specific IgE concentrations to common inhalant allergens (sx1 ≥ 0.35 kU/L). Biomarker levels were assessed before and after challenge and adjusted for levels after sham exposure (net response). Ethyl acrylate at constant, but not at variable concentrations induced a significant change in the net responses of EBC-pH and FeNO. Concerning FeNO, this could be observed only for atopic persons. The changes of biomarker levels were related to their baseline values. Biomarker responses to challenge with ethyl acrylate may be influenced by the patterns of application as well as baseline airway inflammation and atopic status of the volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hoffmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
| | - K Sucker
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - H Berresheim
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - C Monsé
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - B Jettkant
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - A Beine
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - J Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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8
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van Kampen V, Sander I, Merget R, Brüning T, Raulf M. Baker's Asthma: Is the Ratio of Rye Flour-Specific IgE to Total IgE More Suitable to Predict the Outcome of Challenge Test Than Specific IgE Alone. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1070:1-7. [PMID: 29445996 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Usually the diagnosis of baker's asthma is based on specific inhalation challenge with flours. To a certain extent the concentration of specific IgE to flour predicts the outcome of challenge test in bakers. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the ratio of specific IgE (sIgE) to total IgE (tIgE) improves challenge test prediction in comparison to sIgE alone. Ninety-five bakers with work-related respiratory symptoms were challenged with rye flour. Total IgE, sIgE, and the sIgE/tIgE ratio were determined. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) plots including the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated using the challenge test as gold-standard. Total IgE and sIgE concentrations, and their ratio were significantly higher in bakers with a positive challenge test than in those with a negative one (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.023, respectively). In ROC analysis, AUC was 0.83 for sIgE alone, 0.79 for tIgE, and 0.64 for the ratio. At optimal cut-offs, tIgE, sIgE, and the ratio reached a positive predicted value (PPV) of 95%, 84% and 77%, respectively. In conclusion, calculating the ratio of rye flour-sIgE to tIgE failed to improve the challenge test prediction in our study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- V van Kampen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
| | - I Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - R Merget
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Sander I, Lotz A, Neumann HD, Czibor C, Flagge A, Zahradnik E, Raulf M. Indoor allergen levels in settled airborne dust are higher in day-care centers than at home. Allergy 2018; 73:1263-1275. [PMID: 29193190 DOI: 10.1111/all.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life sensitization to indoor allergens predicts asthma development. The aim of this study was to compare allergen concentrations in day-care centers (DCC) with those in private homes. METHODS Settled airborne dust was collected 4 times a year from 20 German DCC (620 samples) and from the homes of children and day-care workers (602 samples) using electrostatic dust collectors (EDC). The samples were analyzed with fluorescence enzyme immunoassays recognizing domestic mite allergens (DM), Fel d 1, Can f 1, and Mus m 1. Pet allergen thresholds that discriminate samples from homes with cats or dogs from those without were calculated using receiver-operating characteristics. Influences on allergen levels were analyzed using multilevel models. RESULTS Allergen loads were on average higher in DCC than in homes. In DCC, 96% of the samples were positive for DM, 95% for Can f 1, 90% for Fel d 1, and 83% for Mus m 1. In homes, 84% contained DM, 48.5% Can f 1, 33% Fel d 1, and 43% Mus m 1. The threshold level for homes with dogs was 75 ng/m² Can f 1 (96.8% sensitivity, 96% specificity), and the threshold level for homes with cats was 46 ng/m² Fel d 1 (92% sensitivity, 94.9% specificity). In DCC, Can f 1 and Fel d 1 loads were higher than these thresholds in 37% and 54% of the samples, respectively. Allergen levels were significantly influenced by the season and room type; however, carpets on floors had no influence. CONCLUSIONS Mite, mouse, cat, and dog allergens were mostly higher in DCC than in homes. Exposure to dog and cat allergens in DCC often reached levels of households with pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
| | - A. Lotz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
| | - H. D. Neumann
- German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the public sector in North Rhine‐Westphalia Düsseldorf Germany
| | - C. Czibor
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
| | - A. Flagge
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
| | - E. Zahradnik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
| | - M. Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
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Rolla G, Heffler E, Boita M, Doyen V, Mairesse M, Cvackova M, Debarbieux S, Kleine-Tebbe J, Ollert M, Raulf M, Bircher AJ, Hilger C. Pigeon tick bite: A neglected cause of idiopathic nocturnal anaphylaxis. Allergy 2018; 73:958-961. [PMID: 29083476 DOI: 10.1111/all.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic allergic reaction with rapid onset and potentially life-threatening. We report in detail a case of severe nocturnal anaphylaxis due to pigeon tick bite showing the diagnostic value of the extract and the recombinant allergen in the diagnostic procedures (basophil activation test, IgE immunoblot, and experimental ImmunoCAP). Apart from the presented case, we describe that during the last 10 years, we have collected 28 cases of allergy to Argas reflexus from several European countries. We suspect that this allergy is underdiagnosed because of the lack of diagnostic reagents. Because of the growing number of pigeons in Middle and Southern Europe cities, some cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis could potentially be caused by A. reflexus in those countries. The identification of pigeon ticks as a trigger of anaphylaxis would greatly improve medical care and advice for these patients as the parasite can be exterminated by eradication measures to avoid further incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Rolla
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - E. Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University; Milan Italy
| | - M. Boita
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - V. Doyen
- Clinic of Immuno-Allergology; CHU Brugmann; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Mairesse
- Clinic of Immuno-Allergology; CHU Brugmann; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Cvackova
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady; Prague Czech Republic
| | - S. Debarbieux
- Service de Dermatologie; Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud; Pierre Bénite France
| | | | - M. Ollert
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Infection and Immunity; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - M. Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA); Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - A. J. Bircher
- Allergology; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - C. Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
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Knobloch J, Lehnert M, Yanik S, Casjens S, Körber S, Lotz A, Betke L, Raulf M, Zschiesche W, Weiß T, Kronsbein J, Pesch B, Brüning T, Koch A. Modulation der T-Zell- und Monozytenaktivität durch Schweißrauchexposition – Daten aus der Weldox II Studie. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Knobloch
- Medizinische Klinik III für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin; Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil
| | - M Lehnert
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - S Yanik
- Medizinische Klinik III für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin; Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil
| | - S Casjens
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - S Körber
- Medizinische Klinik III für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin; Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil
| | - A Lotz
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - L Betke
- Medizinische Klinik III für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin; Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil
| | - M Raulf
- Bgfa für Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Kompetenz-Zentrum Allergologie/Immunologie
| | - W Zschiesche
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - T Weiß
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - J Kronsbein
- Medizinische Klinik III für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin; Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil
| | - B Pesch
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - T Brüning
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - A Koch
- Medizinische Klinik III für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin; Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum; Klinikum der LMU München; Deutsches Lungenzentrum (Dlz)
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12
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Walther J, Sander I, van Kampen V, Brüning T, Raulf M, Merget R. Berufliche Allergie gegen Lipase aus Schweinepankreas. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Walther
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin (Ipa) der Dguv Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum
| | - I Sander
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin (Ipa) der Dguv Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum
| | - V van Kampen
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin (Ipa) der Dguv Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum
| | - T Brüning
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin (Ipa) der Dguv Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum
| | - M Raulf
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin (Ipa) der Dguv Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum
| | - R Merget
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin (Ipa) der Dguv Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum
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13
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Kaul S, Zimmer J, Dehus O, Constanzo A, Daas A, Buchheit KH, Asturias J, Arilla MC, Barber D, Bertocchi A, Brunetto B, Carnes JA, Chapman M, Chaudemanche G, Dayan-Kenigsberg J, Döring S, Führer F, Gallego MT, Iacovacci P, Hanschmann KM, Holzhauser T, Hrabina M, Ledesma A, Moingeon P, Nony E, Pini C, Plunkett G, Raulf M, Reese G, Sandberg E, Sander I, Smith B, Strecker D, Valerio C, van Ree R, Weber B, Vieths S. Validation of ELISA methods for quantification of the major birch allergen Bet v 1 (BSP090). Pharmeur Bio Sci Notes 2017; 2017:69-87. [PMID: 29143737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, the potency of allergen products in Europe is expressed in manufacturer-specific units relative to a product-specific in-house reference. Consequently, cross-product comparability of allergen products from different manufacturers with respect to strength and efficacy is impossible. The Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) project BSP090 addresses this issue via the establishment of reference standards in conjunction with ELISA methods for the quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Since the initiation of BSP090, the recombinant major allergen Bet v 1 has been adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission as a Chemical Reference Substance (CRS). In parallel, two sandwich ELISA systems for quantification of Bet v 1 were found suitable in preliminary phases of BSP090 to be validated in a large collaborative study. In this study, the candidate ELISA systems were compared with respect to accuracy, precision and variability. Thirteen participating laboratories tested model samples containing the CRS as well as spiked and unspiked birch pollen extracts. Both in pre-testing and in the collaborative study, the 2 candidate ELISA systems confirmed their suitability to quantify recombinant and native Bet v 1. As no clear-cut decision for one of the ELISA systems could be made based on the results of the collaborative study, a post-study testing was performed. Bet v 1 content of 30 birch pollen allergen products was determined in parallel in both ELISA systems. Consequently, 1 candidate ELISA system was selected to be proposed as the future European Pharmacopoeia standard method for Bet v 1 quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaul
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - J Zimmer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - O Dehus
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - A Constanzo
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Daas
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - K-H Buchheit
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - J Asturias
- Roxall Medicina España, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 401, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - M C Arilla
- Roxall Medicina España, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 401, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - D Barber
- ALK-Abelló S.A., Miguel Fleta 19, ES-28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bertocchi
- ANSM, 143 boulevard Anatole France, 93285 Saint Denis Cedex, France
| | - B Brunetto
- ISS CNCF, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Carnes
- Laboratorios Leti S.L., Calle Del Sol 5, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - M Chapman
- Indoor Biotechnologies, 700 Harris Street, 22903 Charlotteville, USA
| | - G Chaudemanche
- ANSM, 143 boulevard Anatole France, 93285 Saint Denis Cedex, France
| | | | - S Döring
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - F Führer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - M T Gallego
- Laboratorios Leti S.L., Calle Del Sol 5, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - P Iacovacci
- ISS CNCF, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - K M Hanschmann
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - T Holzhauser
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - M Hrabina
- Stallergenes Greer, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92183 Antony Cedex, France
| | - A Ledesma
- ALK-Abelló S.A., Miguel Fleta 19, ES-28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Moingeon
- Stallergenes Greer, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92183 Antony Cedex, France
| | - E Nony
- Stallergenes Greer, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92183 Antony Cedex, France
| | - C Pini
- ISS CNCF, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - G Plunkett
- ALK-Abelló Inc., 1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, Texas 78664, USA
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Reese
- Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG, Hermann-Kröner-Str. 52, D-21465 Reinbek, Germany
| | - E Sandberg
- Danish Medicines Agency, Axel Heides Gade 1, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - I Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - B Smith
- Indoor Biotechnologies, 700 Harris Street, 22903 Charlotteville, USA
| | - D Strecker
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - C Valerio
- Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - R van Ree
- Academic Medical Centre, Meigbergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Weber
- Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG, Hermann-Kröner-Str. 52, D-21465 Reinbek, Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
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14
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Wiesmüller GA, Heinzow B, Aurbach U, Bergmann KC, Bufe A, Buzina W, Cornely OA, Engelhart S, Fischer G, Gabrio T, Heinz W, Herr CEW, Kleine-Tebbe J, Klimek L, Köberle M, Lichtnecker H, Lob-Corzilius T, Merget R, Mülleneisen N, Nowak D, Rabe U, Raulf M, Seidl HP, Steiß JO, Szewszyk R, Thomas P, Valtanen K, Hurraß J. [Medical Diagnostics for Mold Exposure Indoors]. Pneumologie 2016; 70:699-741. [PMID: 27829254 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G A Wiesmüller
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - B Heinzow
- ehemals: Landesamt für soziale Dienste (LAsD) Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | - U Aurbach
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie und Mykologie, Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Köln
| | - K-C Bergmann
- Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - A Bufe
- Experimentelle Pneumologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - W Buzina
- Institut für Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Umweltmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz
| | - O A Cornely
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin und Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Universität zu Köln
| | - S Engelhart
- Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - G Fischer
- Landesgesundheitsamt Baden-Württemberg im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart
| | - T Gabrio
- ehemals: Landesgesundheitsamt Baden-Württemberg im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart
| | - W Heinz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Schwerpunkt Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - C E W Herr
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit München
| | | | - L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden
| | - M Köberle
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München
| | - H Lichtnecker
- Institut für Umwelt- und Arbeitsmedizin MIU GmbH Erkrath
| | | | - R Merget
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA)
| | | | - D Nowak
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Mitglied Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Klinikum der Universität München
| | - U Rabe
- Zentrum für Allergologie und Asthma, Johanniter-Krankenhaus im Fläming Treuenbrietzen GmbH, Treuenbrietzen
| | - M Raulf
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA)
| | - H P Seidl
- ehemals: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie sowie Dermatologische Klinik der Technischen Universität München
| | - J-O Steiß
- Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Gießen
| | - R Szewszyk
- Umweltbundesamt, FG II 1.4 Mikrobiologische Risiken Berlin
| | - P Thomas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - K Valtanen
- Umweltbundesamt, FG II 1.4 Mikrobiologische Risiken Berlin
| | - J Hurraß
- Abteilung Infektions- und Umwelthygiene, Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Köln
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15
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van Kampen V, Hoffmeyer F, Deckert A, Kendzia B, Casjens S, Neumann HD, Buxtrup M, Willer E, Felten C, Schöneich R, Brüning T, Raulf M, Bünger J. Effects of bioaerosol exposure on respiratory health in compost workers: a 13-year follow-up study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:829-837. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Vandenplas O, Froidure A, Meurer U, Rihs HP, Rifflart C, Soetaert S, Jamart J, Pilette C, Raulf M. The role of allergen components for the diagnosis of latex-induced occupational asthma. Allergy 2016; 71:840-9. [PMID: 26940537 DOI: 10.1111/all.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant Hevea brasiliensis (rHev b) natural rubber latex (NRL) allergen components have been developed to assess the patients' allergen sensitization profile and to improve the diagnosis of NRL allergy. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the determination of specific IgE (sIgE) reactivity to a panel of recombinant allergen components would be helpful for diagnosing NRL-induced occupational asthma (OA) in predicting the outcome of a specific inhalation test. METHODS sIgE levels to NRL extract and 12 recombinant NRL allergen components were assessed in 82 subjects with OA ascertained by a positive specific inhalation challenge (SIC) with NRL gloves and in 25 symptomatic subjects with a negative challenge. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a NRL-sIgE level ≥0.35 kUA /l as compared to the result of SICs were 94%, 48%, 86%, and 71%, respectively. The positive predictive value increased above 95% when increasing the cutoff value to 5.41 kUA /l. Subjects with a positive SIC showed a significantly higher rate of sIgE reactivity to rHev b 5, 6.01, 6.02, and 11 than those with a negative SIC. A sIgE sum score against rHev b 5 plus 6.01/6.02 ≥ 1.46 kUA /l provided a positive predictive value >95% with a higher sensitivity (79%) and diagnostic efficiency (Youden index: 0.67) as compared with a NRL-sIgE ≥5.41 kUA /l (49% and 0.41, respectively). CONCLUSION In suspected OA, high levels of sIgE against rHev b 5 combined with rHev b 6.01 or 6.02 are the most efficient predictors of a bronchial response to NRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Vandenplas
- Department of Chest Medicine; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dinant-Godinne; Université catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique; Pôle de Pneumologie; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
- Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO); Brussels Belgium
| | - A. Froidure
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique; Pôle de Pneumologie; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
- Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO); Brussels Belgium
- Department of Chest Medicine; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - U. Meurer
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - H.-P. Rihs
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - C. Rifflart
- Department of Chest Medicine; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dinant-Godinne; Université catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
| | - S. Soetaert
- Prévention et Protection au Travail - Centre de Service Interentreprises (CESI); Brussels Belgium
| | - J. Jamart
- Scientific Support Unit; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dinant-Godinne; Université catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
| | - C. Pilette
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique; Pôle de Pneumologie; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
- Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO); Brussels Belgium
- Department of Chest Medicine; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Raulf
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
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17
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Quirce S, Vandenplas O, Campo P, Cruz MJ, de Blay F, Koschel D, Moscato G, Pala G, Raulf M, Sastre J, Siracusa A, Tarlo SM, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Cormier Y. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy 2016; 71:765-79. [PMID: 26913451 DOI: 10.1111/all.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this document was to provide a critical review of the current knowledge on hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the occupational environment and to propose practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (OHP) is an immunologic lung disease resulting from lymphocytic and frequently granulomatous inflammation of the peripheral airways, alveoli, and surrounding interstitial tissue which develops as the result of a non-IgE-mediated allergic reaction to a variety of organic materials or low molecular weight agents that are present in the workplace. The offending agents can be classified into six broad categories that include bacteria, fungi, animal proteins, plant proteins, low molecular weight chemicals, and metals. The diagnosis of OHP requires a multidisciplinary approach and relies on a combination of diagnostic tests to ascertain the work relatedness of the disease. Both the clinical and the occupational history are keys to the diagnosis and often will lead to the initial suspicion. Diagnostic criteria adapted to OHP are proposed. The cornerstone of treatment is early removal from exposure to the eliciting antigen, although the disease may show an adverse outcome even after avoidance of exposure to the causal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid Spain
| | - O. Vandenplas
- Department of Chest Medicine; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne; Université Catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
| | - P. Campo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Allergy-IBIMA; Hospital Regional Universitario; Málaga Spain
| | - M. J. Cruz
- Pulmonology Service; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Barcelona Spain
| | - F. de Blay
- Division of Asthma and Allergy; Department of Chest Diseases; University Hospital; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg; Strasbourg University; Strasbourg France
| | - D. Koschel
- Fachkrankenhaus Coswig GmbH Zentrum für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungsmedizin, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie; Coswig Germany
| | - G. Moscato
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - G. Pala
- Occupational Physician's Division; Local Health Authority of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - M. Raulf
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - J. Sastre
- Department of Allergy; Fundación Jiménez Díaz, and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid Spain
| | - A. Siracusa
- Formerly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - S. M. Tarlo
- Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Respiratory Division Toronto Western Hospital; Gage Occupational and Environmental Health Unit; St Michael's Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology; Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine; Lodz Poland
| | - Y. Cormier
- Centre de Pneumologie; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Québec City QC Canada
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18
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Kespohl S, Maryska S, Bünger J, Hagemeyer O, Jakob T, Joest M, Knecht R, Koschel D, Kotschy-Lang N, Merget R, Mülleneisen NK, Rabe U, Röseler S, Sander I, Stollewerk D, Straube H, Ulmer HM, van Kampen V, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Wiszniewska M, Wurpts G, Brüning T, Raulf M. How to diagnose mould allergy? Comparison of skin prick tests with specific IgE results. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:981-91. [PMID: 27027397 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of mould allergy is complicated due to the heterogeneity of the test material and the decrease in the number of commercial mould skin test solutions that are currently available. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare skin prick tests (SPT) from different manufacturers to one another and concurrently with sIgE tests for Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp f), Cladosporium herbarum (Cla h), Penicillium chrysogenum (Pen ch), Alternaria alternata (Alt a) and Aspergillus versicolor (Asp v) to ascertain a feasible diagnostic procedure for mould sensitization. METHODS In this multi-centre study, 168 patients with mould exposure and/or mould-induced respiratory symptoms were included. Mould SPT solutions were analysed biochemically and tested in duplicate on patients' arms. Specific IgE (sIgE) concentrations to corresponding mould species and mould mix (mx1) were measured by ImmunoCAP. SPTs in accordance with one another and with sIgE were further considered. The test efficiency was calculated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Mould sensitization was more frequently detected by the SPT (90 of 168) than by the sIgE tests (56 of 168). Concordances of double SPT positives were only sufficient (≥ 80%) for environmental allergens, two Asp f and three Alt a SPT solutions, whereas all other mould solutions revealed concordances < 80%. The antigen content of SPT solutions was positively associated with concordant SPT double values as well as with sIgE. Taking sIgE as the 'positive standard', all mould SPT solutions revealed test efficiencies > 80%, but varied up to 20% in sensitivity and positive predictive value with the exception of Alt a. CONCLUSIONS SPT solutions are sensitive and essential diagnostic tools for the detection of mould sensitization. Our recommendation for diagnosis would be to test at least Alt a, Asp f and Pen ch using SPT and additional sIgE test to mx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - S Maryska
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - J Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - O Hagemeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - T Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center (UKGM), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - M Joest
- Malteser Lung and Allergy Centre Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Knecht
- Medical Practice for Pediatrics, Bretten, Germany
| | - D Koschel
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Fachkrankenhaus Coswig, Centre for Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Coswig, Germany
| | - N Kotschy-Lang
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Klinik für Berufskrankheiten Falkenstein, Falkenstein, Germany
| | - R Merget
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | | | - U Rabe
- Johanniter-Hospital, Treuenbrietzen, Germany
| | - S Röseler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - I Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - D Stollewerk
- Allergology, Medical Practice for Respiratory Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | - H Straube
- Pediatric Pneumology/Allergy, Children's Hospital Princess Margaret, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H M Ulmer
- Pulmonary and Allergy Practice, Lahr, Germany
| | - V van Kampen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - J Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Wiszniewska
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - G Wurpts
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Matricardi PM, Kleine-Tebbe J, Hoffmann HJ, Valenta R, Hilger C, Hofmaier S, Aalberse RC, Agache I, Asero R, Ballmer-Weber B, Barber D, Beyer K, Biedermann T, Bilò MB, Blank S, Bohle B, Bosshard PP, Breiteneder H, Brough HA, Caraballo L, Caubet JC, Crameri R, Davies JM, Douladiris N, Ebisawa M, EIgenmann PA, Fernandez-Rivas M, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G, Glatz M, Hamilton RG, Hawranek T, Hellings P, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Jakob T, Jappe U, Jutel M, Kamath SD, Knol EF, Korosec P, Kuehn A, Lack G, Lopata AL, Mäkelä M, Morisset M, Niederberger V, Nowak-Węgrzyn AH, Papadopoulos NG, Pastorello EA, Pauli G, Platts-Mills T, Posa D, Poulsen LK, Raulf M, Sastre J, Scala E, Schmid JM, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, van Hage M, van Ree R, Vieths S, Weber R, Wickman M, Muraro A, Ollert M. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27 Suppl 23:1-250. [PMID: 27288833 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of allergen molecules ('components') from several protein families has advanced our understanding of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses and enabled 'component-resolved diagnosis' (CRD). The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Molecular Allergology User's Guide (MAUG) provides comprehensive information on important allergens and describes the diagnostic options using CRD. Part A of the EAACI MAUG introduces allergen molecules, families, composition of extracts, databases, and diagnostic IgE, skin, and basophil tests. Singleplex and multiplex IgE assays with components improve both sensitivity for low-abundance allergens and analytical specificity; IgE to individual allergens can yield information on clinical risks and distinguish cross-reactivity from true primary sensitization. Part B discusses the clinical and molecular aspects of IgE-mediated allergies to foods (including nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, milk, egg, meat, fish, and shellfish), inhalants (pollen, mold spores, mites, and animal dander), and Hymenoptera venom. Diagnostic algorithms and short case histories provide useful information for the clinical workup of allergic individuals targeted for CRD. Part C covers protein families containing ubiquitous, highly cross-reactive panallergens from plant (lipid transfer proteins, polcalcins, PR-10, profilins) and animal sources (lipocalins, parvalbumins, serum albumins, tropomyosins) and explains their diagnostic and clinical utility. Part D lists 100 important allergen molecules. In conclusion, IgE-mediated reactions and allergic diseases, including allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, food reactions, and insect sting reactions, are discussed from a novel molecular perspective. The EAACI MAUG documents the rapid progression of molecular allergology from basic research to its integration into clinical practice, a quantum leap in the management of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Matricardi
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic Ackermann, Hanf, & Kleine-Tebbe, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Hoffmann
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Hilger
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - S Hofmaier
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - R C Aalberse
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Agache
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - R Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - B Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Barber
- IMMA-School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Beyer
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M B Bilò
- Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Bohle
- Division of Experimental Allergology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P P Bosshard
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H A Brough
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, The University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - J C Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Crameri
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - J M Davies
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - N Douladiris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - M Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergology and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - P A EIgenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fernandez-Rivas
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Ferreira
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Gadermaier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Glatz
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - R G Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Hawranek
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - U Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Centre Borstel, Airway Research Centre North (ARCN), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Division, Department of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, 'ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S D Kamath
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville City, Qld, Australia
| | - E F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Korosec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - A Kuehn
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - G Lack
- King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A L Lopata
- Department of Clinical Immunology, 'ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Morisset
- National Service of Immuno-Allergology, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, UK
| | - V Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A H Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N G Papadopoulos
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E A Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pauli
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Platts-Mills
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D Posa
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - L K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - J Sastre
- Allergy Division, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Scala
- Experimental Allergy Unit, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - J M Schmid
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vieths
- Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - R Weber
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health Service, Denver, CO, USA
| | - M Wickman
- Sachs' Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Muraro
- The Referral Centre for Food Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment Veneto Region, Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M Ollert
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Kespohl S, Campo P, Zahradnik E, Maryska S, Aranda-Guerrero A, Rodriguez J, Brüning T, Raulf M. Quantification of obeche wood allergen: Development of a sensitive sandwich-ELISA for occupational exposure assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; 79:1070-1077. [PMID: 27924719 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1219577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obeche wood is a prominent cause of allergic occupational asthma. To reduce the risk of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated sensitization it is important to assess airborne obeche wood allergen concentrations at exposed workplaces. Therefore, a highly sensitive obeche wood allergen immunoassay was developed and applicability was proven on airborne passive dust samples in Spanish wood workshops. Obeche wood sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were developed. Test specificity was verified by different wood and mold extracts. Obeche wood allergen monitoring was conducted in four Spanish wood workshops, including wood-dust-exposed and nonexposed areas inside and outside the workplaces, as well as controls. Dust was collected with electrostatic dust collectors (EDC). Measuring range of the obeche wood sandwich-ELISA was between 36 pg/ml and 1.6 µg/ml. The test system showed only marginal reactivity to other hardwoods and no reactivity to softwoods and molds. Obeche allergen was detected in all EDC from workplaces. The highest concentration was measured in the workshop with the longest obeche wood exposure (geometric mean [GM]: 7548 µg/m2); shorter obeche wood processing periods resulted in lower amounts of allergen (GM: 29 µg/m2). Obeche wood allergen transfer from exposed workplaces to nonexposed areas inside and outside the workshop was assessed. In control EDC from nonexposed facilities/homes no obeche wood allergen was found. The new obeche wood sandwich-ELISA is a valid tool to quantify obeche allergen exposure. Evidence indicates it will be possible to monitor obeche allergen exposure during different processes, as well as transfer effects in nonexposed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kespohl
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - P Campo
- b UGC Allergy, Regional Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA , Málaga , Espania
| | - E Zahradnik
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - S Maryska
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | | | - J Rodriguez
- b UGC Allergy, Regional Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA , Málaga , Espania
| | - T Brüning
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - M Raulf
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
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Schantora AL, Casjens S, Deckert A, van Kampen V, Neumann HD, Brüning T, Raulf M, Bünger J, Hoffmeyer F. Prevalence of work-related rhino-conjunctivitis and respiratory symptoms among domestic waste collectors. Adv Exp Med Biol 2015; 834:53-61. [PMID: 25252907 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2014_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste collectors may suffer from acute and chronic health effects caused by organic dust (bioaerosols). Pathophysiological symptoms may originate either from allergic or irritative pathomechanisms, but an explicit distinction of the etiology is often complicated although crucial for proper risk assessment and workplace prevention. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 69 male waste collectors from the Ruhr area in Germany underwent a customized testing protocol including a modified questionnaire, basic clinical examination, spirometry, and immunologic parameters. Subjects were classified according to their work tasks into loaders (n=27), floaters (n=29), and drivers (n=13). We found that a high percentage of the workers had complaints (eyes 29.0%, nose 39.1%, and cough 34.8%) which were strongly work-related. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that duration of employment in waste collection (per 10 years) was associated with an increased prevalence of cough (OR=1.64, 95% CI 0.81; 3.35) and chronic bronchitis (OR=2.18, 95% CI 0.80; 5.92). An association between rhinitis and cough (OR=2.62, 95% CI 0.94; 7.27) was found, which supports the association between the prevalence of upper and lower airway disease. Furthermore, when adjusting for smoking status, atopic subjects suffered more frequently from irritation of the lower airways as indicated by cough (OR=2.71, 95% CI 0.91; 8.08). In conclusion, the study demonstrates associations between the prevalence of upper and lower airway disease in waste collectors. Notably, an underlying allergic disease in waste collectors could be suspected more commonly than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Schantora
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany,
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22
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Böhlandt A, Schierl R, Heizinger J, Dietrich-Gümperlein G, Zahradnik E, Bruckmaier L, Sültz J, Raulf M, Nowak D. Cow hair allergen concentrations in dairy farms with automatic and conventional milking systems: From stable to bedroom. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 219:79-87. [PMID: 26424445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine hair and dander are considered to be a notable risk factor for sensitization and allergic symptoms in occupationally exposed cattle farmers due to various IgE binding proteins. Farmers are suspected not only to be exposed during their work inside the stables but also inside their homes as allergens could be transferred via hair and clothes resulting in continued bovine allergen exposure in private areas. In recent years a new sensitive sandwich ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) test has been developed to measure the cow hair allergen (CHA) concentration in dust. The aim of the present study was to determine the CHA concentration in airborne and settled dust samples in stables and private rooms of dairy cattle farms with automatic milking systems (AM) and conventional milking systems (CM), also with respect to questionnaire data on farming characteristics. For this purpose different sampling techniques were applied, and results and practicability of the techniques were compared. Dust sampling was performed in the stable, computer room (only AM), changing room, living room and bedroom (mattress) of 12 dairy farms with automatic milking systems (AM group) and eight dairy farms with conventional milking systems (CM group). Altogether, 90 samples were taken by ALK filter dust collectors from all locations, while 32 samples were collected by an ion charging device (ICD) and 24 samples by an electronic dust fall collector (EDC) in computer rooms (AM) and/or changing and living rooms (not stables). The dust samples were extracted and analyzed for CHA content with a sandwich ELISA. At all investigated locations, CHA concentrations were above the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng/ml dust extract. The median CHA concentrations in dust collected by ALK filters ranged from 63 to 7154 μg/g dust in AM farms and from 121 to 5627 μg/g dust in CM farms with a steep concentration gradient from stables to bedrooms. ICD sampling revealed median CHA contents of 112 μg/g airborne dust in the computer rooms of the AM farms and median CHA loads of 5.6 μg/g (AM farms) and 19.8 μg/g (CM farms) in the living rooms. Passive dust sampling by EDC was performed only at two locations in the AM group resulting in median CHA values of 116 μg/m(2) (computer room) and 55.0 μg/m(2) (changing room). Except for the stable samples the median CHA load was lower in AM farms compared to CM farms. The CHA contents of ALK filter samples were significantly correlated in most locations. Differences between the farming types were not significant. Although allergen transfer to the private area of the farmers has been found and results from several locations were correlated, differences in CHA concentrations were not significant with respect to questionnaire data such as the wearing of stable clothes in living room, free access of pets to stable and home, frequency of hair washing. All sampling techniques seem to being practicable for simple and effective CHA measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Böhlandt
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - R Schierl
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
| | - J Heizinger
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - G Dietrich-Gümperlein
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - E Zahradnik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - L Bruckmaier
- Social Insurance for Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture Niederbayern/Oberpfalz und Schwaben, Landshut, Germany
| | - J Sültz
- Occupational and Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Neusäss, Germany
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - D Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Gerstner D, Walser S, Brenner B, Bünger J, Eikmann T, Kolb S, Kolk A, Nowak D, Raulf M, Sagunski H, Sedlmaier N, Suchenwirth R, Wiesmüller G, Wollin KM, Tesseraux I, Herr C. Ableitung gesundheitsbasierter Beurteilungswerte für Bioaerosole. Gesundheitswesen 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Raulf M, Sander I, Gonnissen D, Zahradnik E, Brüning T. [Cockroaches and co. The role of health pests as allergen source]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 57:585-92. [PMID: 24781916 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-013-1926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In most of the cases health pests are carriers of pathogens or parasites which have a negative impact on human health or affect the health of other mammals. What is lesser known is that they can also act as allergens. Most of the health pests in this sense belong to the arthropods, such as cockroaches (Blattaria), mosquitos (Culiciformia), lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), fleas (Siphonaptera) and ticks (Argasidae). In the group of vertebrates rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus), house mice (Mus musculus) and pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are also classified as health pests. Also storage pests which are not carriers of pathogens can induce secondary infestation with hygiene pests or molds and have an underestimated impact on human health. In this article selected examples of health pests and also storage pests as an allergen source are described, taking into account the sensitization prevalence and identified single allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Kompetenz-Zentrum Allergologie/Immunologie, Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Deutschland,
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Kespohl S, Maryska S, Bünger J, Hagemeyer O, Jakob T, Joest M, Knecht R, Koschel D, Kotschy-Lang N, Merget R, Mülleneisen NK, Rabe U, Röseler S, Stollewert D, Straube H, Ulmer HM, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Wiszniewska M, Wurpts G, Brüning T, Raulf M. Schimmelpilzallergie: Sensibilisierungshäufigkeit und Konkordanz verschiedener Hautprickteste im Vergleich zur spezifischen IgE-Bestimmung. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Siracusa A, Folletti I, Gerth van Wijk R, Jeebhay MF, Moscato G, Quirce S, Raulf M, Ruëff F, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Whitaker P, Tarlo SM. Occupational anaphylaxis--an EAACI task force consensus statement. Allergy 2015; 70:141-52. [PMID: 25369880 DOI: 10.1111/all.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction, potentially life-threatening that can be due to nonoccupational or, less commonly, to occupational triggers. Occupational anaphylaxis (OcAn) could be defined as anaphylaxis arising out of triggers and conditions attributable to a particular work environment. Hymenoptera stings and natural rubber latex are the commonest triggers of OcAn. Other triggers include food, medications, insect/mammal/snake bites, and chemicals. The underlying mechanisms of anaphylactic reactions due to occupational exposure are usually IgE-mediated and less frequently non-IgE-mediated allergy or nonallergic. Some aspects of work-related allergen exposure, such as route and frequency of exposure, type of allergens, and cofactors may explain the variability of symptoms in contrast to the nonoccupational setting. When assessing OcAn, both confirmation of the diagnosis of anaphylactic reaction and identification of the trigger are required. Prevention of further episodes is important and is based on removal from further exposure. Workers with a history of OcAn should immediately be provided with a written emergency management plan and an adrenaline auto-injector and educated to its use. Immunotherapy is recommended only for OcAn due to Hymenoptera stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Siracusa
- Formerly professor of Occupational Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - I. Folletti
- Occupational Medicine; Terni Hospital; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - R. Gerth van Wijk
- Section of Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - M. F. Jeebhay
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research; School of Public Health and Family Medicine; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - G. Moscato
- Department of Public Health; Experimental and Forensic Medicine of the University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and CIBER of Respiratory Diseases CIBERES; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Raulf
- Institute of Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - F. Ruëff
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Ludwig-Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | | | - P. Whitaker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust; Leeds UK
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Rihs HP, Sander I, Heimann H, Meurer U, Brüning T, Raulf M. The new latex allergen Hev b 15: IgE-binding properties of a recombinant serine protease inhibitor. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2015; 25:160-162. [PMID: 25997321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
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Raulf M, Buters J, Chapman M, Cecchi L, de Blay F, Doekes G, Eduard W, Heederik D, Jeebhay MF, Kespohl S, Krop E, Moscato G, Pala G, Quirce S, Sander I, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Wiszniewska M, Wouters IM, Annesi-Maesano I. Monitoring of occupational and environmental aeroallergens-- EAACI Position Paper. Concerted action of the EAACI IG Occupational Allergy and Aerobiology & Air Pollution. Allergy 2014; 69:1280-99. [PMID: 24894737 DOI: 10.1111/all.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high molecular weight sensitizers of biological origin is an important risk factor for the development of asthma and rhinitis. Most of the causal allergens have been defined based on their reactivity with IgE antibodies, and in many cases, the molecular structure and function of the allergens have been established. Significant information on allergen levels that cause sensitization and allergic symptoms for several major environmental and occupational allergens has been reported. Monitoring of high molecular weight allergens and allergen carrier particles is an important part of the management of allergic respiratory diseases and requires standardized allergen assessment methods for occupational and environmental (indoor and outdoor) allergen exposure. The aim of this EAACI task force was to review the essential points for monitoring environmental and occupational allergen exposure including sampling strategies and methods, processing of dust samples, allergen analysis, and quantification. The paper includes a summary of different methods for sampling and allergen quantification, as well as their pros and cons for various exposure settings. Recommendations are being made for different exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - J. Buters
- ZAUM- Center of Allergy & Environment; Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical Universität München; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | | | - L. Cecchi
- Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology; University of Florence; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section; Azienda Sanitaria di Prato; Prato Italy
| | - F. de Blay
- Department of Chest Diseases; University Hospital Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - G. Doekes
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - W. Eduard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment/National Institute of Occupational Health; Institute of Medical Biology; University in Tromsø; Tromsø Norway
| | - D. Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - M. F. Jeebhay
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - S. Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - E. Krop
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - G. Moscato
- Department of Public Health; Experimental and Forensic Medicine of the University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - G. Pala
- Occupational Physician's Division; Local Health Authority of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and CIBER of Respiratory Diseases CIBERES; Madrid Spain
| | - I. Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | - V. Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health; Section for Environment; Occupation and Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health; Section for Environment; Occupation and Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - I. M. Wouters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM; Equipe Epidémiologie des allergies et des maladies respiratorires UMR-S 707; Paris France
- EPAR; Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine; UPMC; Paris France
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Vandenplas O, Wiszniewska M, Raulf M, de Blay F, Gerth van Wijk R, Moscato G, Nemery B, Pala G, Quirce S, Sastre J, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Siracusa A, Tarlo SM, van Kampen V, Zock JP, Walusiak-Skorupa J. EAACI position paper: irritant-induced asthma. Allergy 2014; 69:1141-53. [PMID: 24854136 DOI: 10.1111/all.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The term irritant-induced (occupational) asthma (IIA) has been used to denote various clinical forms of asthma related to irritant exposure at work. The causal relationship between irritant exposure(s) and the development of asthma can be substantiated by the temporal association between the onset of asthma symptoms and a single or multiple high-level exposure(s) to irritants, whereas this relationship can only be inferred from epidemiological data for workers chronically exposed to moderate levels of irritants. Accordingly, the following clinical phenotypes should be distinguished within the wide spectrum of irritant-related asthma: (i) definite IIA, that is acute-onset IIA characterized by the rapid onset of asthma within a few hours after a single exposure to very high levels of irritant substances; (ii) probable IIA, that is asthma that develops in workers with multiple symptomatic high-level exposures to irritants; and (iii) possible IIA, that is asthma occurring with a delayed-onset after chronic exposure to moderate levels of irritants. This document prepared by a panel of experts summarizes our current knowledge on the diagnostic approach, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the various phenotypes of IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Vandenplas
- Department of Chest Medicine; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne; Université Catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
| | - M. Wiszniewska
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Toxicology; Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine; Lodz Poland
| | - M. Raulf
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - F. de Blay
- Division of Asthma and Allergy; Department of Chest Diseases; University Hospital; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg; Strasbourg University; Strasbourg France
| | - R. Gerth van Wijk
- Section of Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. Moscato
- Department of Public Health; Experimental and Forensic Medicine of the University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - B. Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - G. Pala
- Occupational Physician's Division; Local Health Authority of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid Spain
| | - J. Sastre
- Department of Allergy; Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Madrid Spain
| | - V. Schlünssen
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Department of Public Health; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Sigsgaard
- Section of Environment, Occupation and Health; Department of Public Health; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Siracusa
- Formerly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - S. M. Tarlo
- Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Respiratory Division; Toronto Western Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Gage Occupational and Environmental Health Unit; St Michael's Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - V. van Kampen
- IPA Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - J.-P. Zock
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Netherlands Institute of Health Services Research (NIVEL); Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - J. Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Toxicology; Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine; Lodz Poland
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Raulf M, Hoffmeyer F, van Kampen V, Deckert A, Brüning T, Bünger J. Cellular and Soluble Inflammatory Markers in Induced Sputum of Composting Plant Workers. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014; 858:19-29. [PMID: 25634128 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2014_108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes, including respiratory symptoms, can be induced among workers in composting plants exposed to bioaerosols containing microorganisms and their compounds. We evaluated inflammatory processes in the lower respiratory tract via cellular and soluble mediator profiles in induced sputum (IS). IS samples of 140 current (35% smokers) and 49 former compost workers (29% smokers) as well as 29 white-collar workers (17% smokers) were collected and analyzed for the cell count and composition, and for soluble biomarkers. Significant differences between current and former compost workers and white-collar workers were detected for total cell count (p=0.0004), neutrophils (p=0.0045), sCD14 (p=0.008), and 8-isoprostane (p<0.0001). IS of non-smoking former compost workers showed lower concentrations of IL-8, total protein, immunoreactive MMP-9 and sCD14, compared with non-smoking current compost workers. 10.1% of the study population was suffering from chronic bronchitis with significant differences (p=0.018) between former compost workers (24.5%), current workers (5%), and white-collar workers (10.3%). Significantly lower IL-8 (p=0.0002), neutrophils (p=0.001), and MMP-9 (p=0.0023) values were measured in healthy subjects compared with subjects with chronic bronchitis. In conclusion, changes in lower airways were detected by analysis of biomarkers in IS of current exposed and, to a lesser extent, in IS of former compost workers. These effects are especially pronounced in subjects with chronic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany,
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Erdbrügger W, Raulf M, Otto T, Michel MC. Does [3H]2-methoxy-idazoxan (RX 821002) detect more alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist high-affinity sites than [3H]rauwolscine? A comparison of nine tissues and cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 273:1287-94. [PMID: 7791100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors compared [3H]2-methoxy-idazoxan (RX 821002) and [3H]rauwolscine binding in rat cerebral cortex, spleen and kidney; guinea pig kidney; porcine kidney; human kidney and platelets and HEL and NG 108-15 cells. [3H]RX 821002 had less nonspecific binding and higher affinity than [3H]rauwolscine in most models. Although both ligands detected similar alpha-2 adrenoceptor numbers in rat, porcine and human kidney and in NG 108-15 cells in saturation experiments, [3H]RX 821002 detected more alpha-2 adrenoceptors than [3H]rauwolscine in rat cerebral cortex and spleen, guinea pig kidney, human platelets and HEL cells. These differences were seen in Tris and in glycylglycine buffer regardless of whether EDTA, MgCl2, MgCl2 plus GTP or GTP plus NaCl was added to the former and were not explained by additional labeling of serotonin or dopamine receptors or nonadrenergic sites; in contrast, [3H]rauwolscine also labeled nonadrenergic sites in porcine kidney. In prazosin competition experiments, both ligands differentially recognized alpha-2-adrenoceptor subtypes but this could not account for the observed differences in detected receptor numbers. In epinephrine competition experiments, both ligands labeled similar numbers of agonist low affinity sites in all models; [3H]RX 821002, however, labeled more agonist high-affinity sites than [3H]rauwolscine did in models in which it detected a greater total number of receptors. It was concluded that [3H]RX 821002 is a more suitable ligand for the detection of alpha-2 adrenoceptor than [3H]rauwolscine because of less nonspecific binding, higher affinity and greater specificity for alpha-2 adrenoceptors; moreover, [3H]rauwolscine appears not to detect all agonist high-affinity sites of alpha-2 adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, University of Essen, Germany
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Raulf M, Tennie L, Marczynski B, Potthast J, Marek W, Baur X. Cellular and mediator profile in bronchoalveolar lavage of guinea pigs after toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure. Lung 1995; 173:57-68. [PMID: 7776707 DOI: 10.1007/bf00167601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a volatile, highly reactive chemical widely used as a polymerizing agent in the production of polyurethane foams, lacquers, adhesives, and other items. Repeated airway exposures in the workplace to TDI may cause a concentration-dependent risk of developing chronic airway disorders. Different pathomechanisms are involved. IgE-mediated sensitization and irritative effects were clearly demonstrated in exposed subjects as well as in animals. In this study we examined the cellular and mediator composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of guinea pigs (eight in each group) exposed to TDI (10, 20, or 30 ppb) on 5 consecutive days for 2 hours each. Increased numbers of eosinophils and significantly elevated levels of LTB4 and LTC4/LTD4/LTE4 were obtained in BALF of all exposed animals when compared to nonexposed control animals. PGD2 and TXB2 remained unaltered in BALF. Stimulation of BALF cells of exposed and control animals with Ca-ionophore A23187 and arachidonic acid induced an increased generation of LTB4. Furthermore, BALF cells of the exposed animal groups generated immunoreactive LTC4/LTD4/LTE4, whereas controls did not show peptido-leukotriene formation in the presence and absence of stimuli. Our data clearly demonstrate an influx of eosinophils into the airways associated with mediator release and higher cellular responsiveness after TDI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Professional Associations' Research Institute for Occupational Medicine (BGFA), Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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van Kampen V, Becker WM, Chen Z, Rihs HP, Mazur G, Raulf M, Liebers V, Isringhausen-Bley S, Baur X. Analysis of B-cell epitopes in the N-terminal region of Chi t I component III using monoclonal antibodies. Mol Immunol 1994; 31:1133-40. [PMID: 7523869 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(94)90027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hemoglobins of the midge Chironomus thummi thummi (Chi t I) are known to cause immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in humans. Further knowledge of the antigenic sites of such allergens will provide new therapeutic approaches. The aim of our study was to identify and characterize linear B-cell epitopes of the hemoglobin component III of Chi t I (136 amino acid residues). Using the antigenic index algorithm of Jameson and Wolf (Jameson and Wolf (1988) Comput. Appl. Biosci. 4, 181-186), three linear binding sequences of this allergen molecule were predicted. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 3 and 6) raised against purified Chi t I component III were investigated by ELISA for their binding to nine synthetic peptides 19-21 residues in length, covering nearly the whole sequence of component III. MAb 6 recognized only one peptide (11-30) while mAb 3 bound to both N-terminal peptides (1-19 and 11-30), suggesting that the antibody binding site is located in the overlapping region. This assumption could be confirmed in ELISA with solid phase-bound recombinant peptides (RP) as well as in inhibition studies with free tryptic peptides indicating that identification of these linear B-cell epitopes is neither influenced by the method of peptide production nor by the kind of used immunoassay. To define the essential amino acid residues we investigated mAbs with solid phase-bound overlapping octamers. In the case of mAb 3, amino acids experimentally identified as essential for antibody binding (aa 13-17) are identical with those residues predicted as a B-cell epitope with the antigenic index of Jameson and Wolf.
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Affiliation(s)
- V van Kampen
- Berufsgenossenschaftliches Forschungsinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin (BGFA), Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Lymphocyte cultures of persons sensitized to the hemoglobin allergen Chi t I show a highly significant response to the allergen measured in the lymphocyte stimulation assay by (3H)-thymidine uptake. In this study, we investigated by flow cytometry the expression of different cell surface markers on lymphocytes after in vitro stimulation for 7 d with or without the allergen Chi t I. We determined the expression of the low-affinity receptor for IgE (CD23) on lymphocytes of Chi t I-sensitized patients and Chi t I-exposed as well as nonexposed controls. CD23 expression was significantly higher in patients than in nonexposed controls. Exposed but healthy subjects showed intermediate values. We also determined the expression of activation markers CD25 (IL-2 receptor) and HLA-DR on the lymphocytes of patients and nonexposed controls. HLA-DR expression on non-T cells (CD3-) was significantly higher in patients than in controls. HLA-DR on T cells (CD3+), and CD25 as well as CD23 expression, could be significantly enhanced after antigen-specific stimulation in patients but not in controls, whereas alpha/beta-T-cell-receptor expression was significantly reduced in patients. Differences between patients and controls were not observed in response to tetanus toxoid (TT) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Our results demonstrate antigen-specific influences on the expression of cell surface molecules. These findings may be valuable diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Liebers
- Berufsgenossenschaftliches Forschungsinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin (BGFA), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Raulf M, Liebers V, Steppert C, Baur X. Increased gamma/delta-positive T-cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 1994; 7:140-7. [PMID: 8143813 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.94.07010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A small population of T-cells does not express the conventional T-cell receptor (TCR), characterized by the alpha and beta polypeptide chains (alpha/beta TCR) but two polypeptides termed gamma and delta (gamma/delta TCR). Changes in gamma/delta TCR expression may be relevant as the cause or consequence of several diseases. Our study was undertaken to determine and compare the distribution of T-cells expressing gamma/delta TCR in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and of healthy controls. In addition, the association between gamma/delta TCR of blood T-lymphocytes and accessory molecules was analysed. Using direct immunofluorescence with the anti-gamma/delta TCR and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) followed by flow cytometric analysis, the blood of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, HP, IPF and of healthy controls was analysed. To reveal the association between gamma/delta TCR of blood T-lymphocytes and the accessory molecules, expression of CD4, CD8 and CD25 were determined. Calculating the percentage and the total number of CD3+ gamma/delta TCR cells in blood, the data indicated a significant increase of gamma/delta T-cells in individuals with pulmonary sarcoidosis and HP, compared to healthy controls and IPF patients. In sarcoidosis patients with elevated CD3+ gamma/delta TCR levels, significantly lower CD4/CD8 ratios were observed. In addition, our data demonstrate a correlation between the decrease of CD4+ cells in blood and the amplified appearance of gamma/delta TCR expression in sarcoidosis patients, but not in HP patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Berufsgenossenschaftliches Forschungsinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin (BGFA), Institut an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Baur X, Borsch-Galetke E, Raulf M, Czuppon AB, Scheer E. Occupational-type exposure tests and bronchoalveolar lavage analyses in two patients with byssinosis and two asymptomatic cotton workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1993; 65:141-6. [PMID: 8253513 DOI: 10.1007/bf00405734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two workers suffering from stage III byssinosis and claiming for compensation were examined. Bronchial obstruction was present in one case. MEF25-75 values were significantly reduced and bronchial hyperreactivity was present in both subjects. Occupational-type exposure tests with cotton dust resulted in significant decreases in arterial oxygen pressure for more than 2 h and were associated with an obstructive ventilation pattern in one of the patients. Prolonged hypoxemia which is not paralleled by lung function changes is probably typical for byssinosis patients since we have never seen this in inhalative challenge tests with various environmental antigens and other occupational substances including flour dust. No specific IgE or IgG antibodies could be detected. In the two patients a hitherto unknown significant increase in CD23+ lymphocytes and granulocytosis were detected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Corresponding investigations in two cotton workers without any evidence of byssinosis revealed neither lung function changes after the exposure test nor striking BAL findings. Our results demonstrate the diagnostic value of specific challenge tests and BAL investigations in patients suffering from byssinosis, which is often difficult to diagnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Baur
- Medical Department, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany
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Liebers V, Raulf M, Mazur G, Modrow S, Baur X. Epitope mapping with peptides of Chi t I component III and immunomodulation of the Chi t immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 92:334-9. [PMID: 7688779 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(93)90177-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobins of the Diptera family are known as aggressive inhalant allergens. METHODS The whole sequence of the insect allergen Chi t I component III was studied for T-cell epitope activity in cell cultures of 15 sensitized patients with a panel of 17 overlapping synthetic peptides and 12 peptides obtained by tryptic cleavage. RESULTS All but one of the peptides tested were found to be immunogenic. The nonstimulatory sequence 102-109 and two other tryptic peptides (69-90 and 110-135) were used in inhibition experiments. The Chi t I-induced proliferation was downregulated by all tested peptides when compared with stimulation with Chi t I alone. CONCLUSIONS Because stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or tetanus toxoid was not influenced by the above-mentioned peptides, this mechanism seems to be specific for the antigen. Specific immunomodulation with nonstimulating peptides may offer new therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Liebers
- Berufsgenossen Schaftliches Forshungsinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin, Bochum, Germany
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Bauer X, Scheer E, Raulf M, Wiebe V. [56-year-old patient with recurrent lung infiltration and "lung tumor"]. Med Klin (Munich) 1992; 87:546-7. [PMID: 1461222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Bauer
- Medizinische Abteilung des Berufsgenossenschaftlichen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
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Raulf M, König W. Modulation of leukotriene generation from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Immunol Suppl 1991; 73:485-90. [PMID: 1655639 PMCID: PMC1384581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Various isomers of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were studied to induce and modulate the generation of lipo-oxygenase products (leukotrienes) from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) under non-cytotoxic conditions. Stimulation of human PMN with PCB did not induce leukotriene generation by themselves, but modulated the subsequent leukotriene formation when opsonized zymosan or sodium fluoride (NaF) were applied as stimuli. The simultaneous addition of PMN with opsonized zymosan and PCB, especially 3,3',4,4'-TCB, led to an increased generation of leukotrienes compared to the control. 3,3',4,4'-TCB exceeded the activity of the remainder PCB in a dose-dependent manner and also induced a chemiluminescence response from PMN. The simultaneous incubation of PMN with NaF and 3,3'-DCB,3,3',4,4'-TCB and 2,2',3,3'-TCB showed an inhibitory effect on leukotriene generation unlike NaF stimulation in the absence of PCB. Incubation of PMN with PCB had no significant effect on leukotriene generation induced by the Ca-ionophore (5 microM). Our data show a direct relationship between the extent of PMN stimulation and the chloro-substitution pattern of the PCB in combination with the different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Med. Mikrobiologie and Immunologie, AG Infektabwehrmechanismen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Raulf M, König W. In vitro effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on human platelets. Immunol Suppl 1991; 72:287-91. [PMID: 1901832 PMCID: PMC1384498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of human platelets with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) induced and modulated cellular responses to a different degree. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) was a more potent inducer of platelet aggregation, serotonin release and 12-HETE generation compared to the other PCB [2,2',3,3'-TCB,3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCB),2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB)]. 3,3',4,4'-TCB showed synergistic effects, in combination with other PCB, such as an enhanced formation of 12-HETE, when 3,3'-DCB and 2,2',3,3'-TCB were applied simultaneously. The combined incubation of platelets with PCB and sodium fluoride (NaF), an activator of G-proteins, resulted in synergistic 12-HETE generation compared to stimulation with NaF or PCB alone. Furthermore, when platelets were incubated with the PCB the enzymatic steps controlling the metabolism of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) were modulated. A direct relationship between the extent of platelet activation and the chloro-substitution pattern of PCB exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Institut Med. Mikrobiologie & Immunologie, AG Infektabwehrmechnismen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Raulf M, Alouf JE, König W. Effect of staphylococcal delta-toxin and bee venom peptide melittin on leukotriene induction and metabolism of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Infect Immun 1990; 58:2678-82. [PMID: 2164512 PMCID: PMC258873 DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.8.2678-2682.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The abilities of delta-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus and melittin to induce and modulate the generation of leukotriene from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) were studied. Stimulation of PMNs with melittin (10 micrograms) induced leukotriene formation, whereas stimulation with delta-toxin did not. Preincubation of the PMNs with delta-toxin modulated the subsequent generation of leukotriene from PMNs induced by Ca ionophore A23187 or opsonized zymosan. The generation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), induced by the Ca ionophore A23187, was increased when the PMNs were preincubated with delta-toxin for 5 min. When opsonized zymosan was used as a secondary stimulus to activate the delta-toxin-pretreated PMNs, LTB4 generation decreased. In contrast, melittin showed no significant modulatory effect on the generation of leukotriene from PMNs. In addition, preincubation of PMNs with delta-toxin inhibited the conversion of LTB4 to omega-oxidation products. Our data suggest that peptides with similar structures, e.g., delta-toxin and melittin, induce and modify leukotriene generation in different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany
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Raulf M, König W. Effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds Lonazolac Ca, indomethacin and NDGA on inflammatory mediator generation and release from various cells. Immunopharmacology 1990; 19:103-11. [PMID: 1693604 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(90)90045-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Lonazolac calcium in modulating histamine release, leukotriene and 12-HETE generation and PAF metabolism from various cells were compared with the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). For histamine release cells were stimulated with Ca ionophore, A23187. The release of histamine from human basophils was significantly decreased after preincubation of the cells with Lonazolac Ca. Lonazolac Ca and NDGA were equally potent and their activity exceeded that of indomethacin. Preincubation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with Lonazolac Ca, indomethacin and NDGA at high concentrations led to an inhibition of leukotriene generation induced by either the Ca ionophore or opsonized zymosan. Different concentrations were required for inhibiting the enzymatic and the non-enzymatically generated leukotrienes. Lonazolac Ca was more potent than indomethacin. Incubation of PMN with Lonazolac calcium modulated the metabolism of exogenously added 3H-PAF and 3H-lyso-PAF. In comparison with NDGA. Lonazolac Ca affected different enzymes of the PAF metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Lehrstuhl Med. Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, F.R.G
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Abstract
The purpose of our study was to characterize the properties of the interaction of pertussis toxin with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes for the modulation of leukotriene generation and metabolism. The cells were stimulated with either the Ca ionophore A23187, opsonized zymosan, or the bacterial peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine. Incubation of the cells with pertussis toxin led to a rapid inhibition of LTB4 generation when formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine was used as the stimulus, whereas there was no effect with the Ca ionophore and just a low effect with opsonized zymosan. The inhibition of leukotriene generation was dependent on the incubation time, temperature, and pertussis toxin concentration. The effect was not dependent on the presence of calcium. Incubation of the cells with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) the stable analog of GTP, led to a time-dependent increase in leukotriene generation induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine which was abolished by the simultaneous addition of pertussis toxin. Our data suggest that the formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine-induced generation of leukotrienes is dependent on a GTP-binding protein. The participation of the various G proteins has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hensler
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany
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Köller M, König W, Brom J, Raulf M, Gross-Weege W, Erbs G, Müller FE. Generation of leukotrienes from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes of severely burned patients. J Trauma 1988; 28:733-40. [PMID: 2838646 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-198806000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Ca ionophore A23187-induced leukotriene (LT) release (LTC4, LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, 20-COOH-LTB4) of human PMN's from severely burned patients (n = 6) was studied by reversed-phase HPLC. The patients' granulocytes demonstrated a decrease (to zero levels) in LT generation postburn. The level of generated LT's resembled that of healthy donors when the patients recovered from their trauma (after day 40 postburn). In contrast, the granulocytes of patients who finally succumbed to their injuries showed poor responsiveness over the total time. An enhanced LTC4 production by granulocytes correlated with an increase in eosinophils within the granulocyte fraction. In addition, the reduced LTB4 production was accompanied by an enhanced LTB4 metabolism to biologically less active products (omega-oxidated metabolites). Thus, the capacity of patients' PMN's to release chemotactic substances was further decreased. The onset of this PMN dysfunction correlated with the onset of invasive microbial growth as determined by the quantitative bacterial analysis of full-thickness biopsy specimens. Our data provide evidence that the altered mediator release of patients' PMN's is closely related to a depressed host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Köller
- Lehrstuhl für Med Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Arbeitsgruppe Infektabwehrmechanismen, Ruhruniversität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany
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Raulf M, König W. Modulation of leukotriene release from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes by PMA and arachidonic acid. Immunology 1988; 64:51-9. [PMID: 2838420 PMCID: PMC1385185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of human neutrophils (PMN) with Ca ionophore A23187, opsonized zymosan and formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) led to a time- and dose-dependent release of LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, 20-COOH-LTB4, 6-trans-LTB4, 12-epi-6-trans LTB4 and LTC4, as detected by reverse-phase HPLC. Preincubation of the PMN suspension in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) did not release leukotrienes by itself, but modulated the subsequent Ca ionophore-induced leukotriene release. The release of LTC4, 20-OH-LTB4 and 20-COOH-LTB4 was significantly decreased. Lesser effects were observed for the release of LTB4 and the non-enzymatic LTB4 isomers. In contrast, opsonized zymosan and FMLP enhanced the release of LTB4 and LTB4-omega-oxidation products from cells pretreated with PMA. With arachidonic acid as prestimulus, the amounts of the LTB4 isomers (6-trans-LTB4 and 12-epi-6-trans-LTB4) were enhanced significantly on subsequent stimulation with Ca ionophore. Prestimulation of lymphocytes, monocytes and basophilic granulocytes (LMB) with PMA had no significant effects on the ionophore-induced release of LTC4 and LTB4. PMN, but not LMB, suspensions prestimulated with PMA convert exogenously added LTC4 to LTB4 isomers and LTC4 sulphoxide. Our data suggest that preincubation of human granulocytes with PMA modified leukotriene release by activation or inhibition of different metabolic pathways for LTC4 and LTB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raulf
- Lehrstuhl Med. Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, FRG
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Köller M, König W, Knöller J, Schönfeld W, Raulf M, Brom J. [Significance of leukotrienes in gastrointestinal diseases. II]. Med Klin (Munich) 1987; 82:914-8. [PMID: 2830476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Köller M, König W, Knöller J, Schönfeld W, Raulf M, Brom J. [Significance of leukotrienes in gastrointestinal diseases. I: Principles of leukotriene metabolism]. Med Klin (Munich) 1987; 82:873-6. [PMID: 2828904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Schönfeld W, Knöller J, Brom J, Raulf M, Köller M, Joka T, König W. Altered arachidonic acid metabolism in granulocytes of polytraumatized patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987; 27:227-36. [PMID: 3039535 DOI: 10.1016/0262-1746(87)90073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The generation and metabolism of leukotrienes (LTs) from polymorphonuclear granulocytes of four polytraumatic patients on stimulation with the Ca-Ionophore A 23187 were studied by high performance liquid chromatography. In contrast to healthy donors the concentration of LTB4 within the supernatant of the stimulated granulocytes from these patients is reduced. The ratio of LTB4 versus the combined amounts of the biologically inactive 6-trans and 12-epi-6-trans-isomers is significantly decreased. In one patient who suffered from an Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) a pronounced enhancement of LTC4 synthesis was observed.
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Brom J, König W, Stüning M, Raulf M, Köller M. Characterization of leukotriene B4-omega-hydroxylase activity within human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Scand J Immunol 1987; 25:283-94. [PMID: 3031811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) metabolize exogenous [3H]leukotriene B4 (LTB4) into 20-hydroxy- and 20-carboxy-[3H]LTB4. The conversion was enhanced at acidic pH values (pH 6.0-7.0). Sonication of purified PMN and subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation showed that major LTB4-hydroxylase activity was associated with the microsomal fraction (105,000 g pellet). In contrast to intact cells, LTB4-hydroxylase activity within the microsomal fraction revealed optimal activity at neutral pH and was inhibited by a wide range of divalent cations. There was a strict requirement for the presence of suitable electron donors such as NADPH. Heterocyclic nitrogenous bases, such as imidazole and pyridine, inhibited the LTB4 conversion induced by intact PMN as well as by their microsomes. These observations combined with the spectrophotometric analysis (carbon monoxide dithionite-reduced difference spectrum) supported the assumption that LTB4-hydroxylase resembled a cytochrome P-450 enzyme. The LTB4-hydroxylase within human PMN was not identical with the cytochrome P-450 of rat liver; hepatic microsomes only showed minute conversion of LTB4.
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Raulf M, König W, Köller M, Stüning M. Release and functional characterization of the leukotriene D4-metabolizing enzyme (dipeptidase) from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Scand J Immunol 1987; 25:305-13. [PMID: 3563417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes released LTD4-dipeptidase activity in a time-, calcium-, and cell number-dependent fashion. The LTD4-dipeptidase released from polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) by incubation with calcium (0.91 mM) was detectable up to a cell concentration of 1 X 10(6)/ml and increased with higher concentrations. Maximal LTD4-dipeptidase activity within the extracellular environment was detected after 15 min of incubation (2 X 10(7)/ml) in the presence of 2-4.5 mM calcium or after 30 min, when stimulation was carried out with 0.91 mM calcium. The activity of the released LTD4-dipeptidase was modulated by various metal ions and other compounds. The addition of Mn2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ (final concentration 1 mM) enhanced the LTD4-dipeptidase activity, while Cu2+ led to a complete inhibition. In the absence of exogenous calcium EDTA inhibited LTD4-dipeptidase. Calcium up to a concentration of 5 and 10 mM decreased the dipeptidase activity. The LTD4-dipeptidase is not affected by bestatin, leupeptin, or N-ethyl-maleinimide (NEM). The Km of LTD4-dipeptidase for LTD4 was 0.95 +/- 0.2 microM and Vmax was 737.5 +/- 112.5 pmol/min X mg protein (n = 3 +/- SEM). The highest LTD4-dipeptidase activity was obtained at physiological pH values. LTD4-dipeptidase activity can also be released from other cell types, but the enzyme activity from human PMN exceeded that of other cells (e.g. human lymphocytes/monocytes and basophils (LMB) and human lung cell suspension).
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