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Nadella MVP, Kisseberth WC, Nadella KS, Thudi NK, Thamm DH, McNiel EA, Yilmaz A, Boris-Lawrie K, Rosol TJ. NOD/SCID mouse model of canine T-cell lymphoma with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy: cytokine gene expression profiling and in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 6:39-54. [PMID: 19178662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2007.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from B or T lymphocytes. In dogs, one-third of lymphomas are highly aggressive multicentric T-cell lymphomas that are often associated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM). There are no cell lines or animal models to investigate the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in dogs. We developed the first xenograft model by injecting lymphoma cells from an Irish Wolfhound intraperitoneally into NOD/SCID mice. The mice developed multicentric lymphoma along with HHM and increased parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as occurs in dogs with T-cell lymphoma. Using cytokine complementary DNA arrays, we identified genes that have potential implications in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of T-cell lymphoma samples from hypercalcaemic canine patients showed that PTHrP likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HHM and that hypercalcaemia is the result of a combinatorial effect of different hypercalcaemic factors. Finally, we monitored in vivo tumour progression and metastases in the mouse model by transducing the lymphoma cells with a lentiviral vector that encodes a luciferase-yellow fluorescent protein reporter and showed that in vivo trafficking patterns in this model were similar to those seen in dogs. This unique mouse model will be useful for translational research in lymphoma and for investigating the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V P Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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Nadella MVP, Dirksen WP, Nadella KS, Shu S, Cheng AS, Morgenstern JA, Richard V, Fernandez SA, Huang TH, Guttridge D, Rosol TJ. Transcriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein promoter P2 by NF-kappaB in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leukemia 2007; 21:1752-62. [PMID: 17554373 PMCID: PMC2676796 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a primary role in the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) that occurs in the majority of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) due to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. We previously showed that ATLL cells constitutively express high levels of PTHrP via activation of promoters P2 and P3, resulting in HHM. In this study, we characterized a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding site in the P2 promoter of human PTHrP. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we detected a specific complex in Tax-expressing human T cells composed of p50/c-Rel, and two distinct complexes in ATLL cells consisting of p50/p50 homodimers and a second unidentified protein(s). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed in vivo binding of p50 and c-Rel on the PTHrP P2 promoter. Using transient co-transfection with NF-kappaB expression plasmids and PTHrP P2 luciferase reporter-plasmid, we showed that NF-kappaB p50/p50 alone and p50/c-Rel or p50/Bcl-3 cooperatively upregulated the PTHrP P2 promoter. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by Bay 11-7082 reduced PTHrP P2 promoter-initiated transcripts in HTLV-1-infected T cells. In summary, the data demonstrated that transcriptional regulation of PTHrP in ATLL cells can be controlled by NF-kappaB activation and also suggest a Tax-independent mechanism of activation of PTHrP in ATLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HTLV-I Infections/metabolism
- HTLV-I Infections/virology
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Plasmids
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- MVP Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - WP Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - KS Nadella
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Shu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - AS Cheng
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - JA Morgenstern
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V Richard
- Pfizer, Sandwich Laboratories, Kent, UK
| | - SA Fernandez
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - TH Huang
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Guttridge
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - TJ Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Tannehill-Gregg SH, Levine AL, Nadella MVP, Iguchi H, Rosol TJ. The effect of zoledronic acid and osteoprotegerin on growth of human lung cancer in the tibias of nude mice. Clin Exp Metastasis 2006; 23:19-31. [PMID: 16715352 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-006-9008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of bone metastases may require the activation of osteoclasts by tumor-secreted factors, which promote important interactions with the bone microenvironment. We utilized an intratibial model of bone metastasis with bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to measure the effect of osteoclast inhibition on the interaction of human lung cancer cells with bone, and on tumor growth. Mice were injected with luciferase-transduced tumor cells (HARA, human pulmonary squamous carcinoma) and divided into three groups: (1) untreated, (2) twice weekly treatment with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL), or (3) osteoprotegerin (OPG). Histomorphometry and imaging were used to evaluate tumor burden, and parameters of osteoclast activity. Mice in the treated groups had increased bone density and decreased osteoclast numbers in nontumor-bearing tibiae. There was greater than 60% reduction in mean tumor volume in both treatment groups when evaluated by histomorphometry (P = 0.06 [OPG], P = 0.07 [ZOL]). However, bioluminescent imaging failed to show a reduction in tumor burden due to wide variability in the data. Osteoclast numbers along tumor-associated bone were significantly increased compared to tumor-free bone, and were not reduced by either treatment. Plasma calcium concentration was increased in all groups. Plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b was reduced in both treatment groups. Plasma PTHrP was significantly increased in the untreated tumor-bearing group, but was not significantly different in the two treatment groups compared to normal mice. OPG or ZOL did not change tumor cell proliferation, but ZOL increased HARA cell apoptosis. OPG and ZOL reduced tumor growth in the tibiae of treated mice, however, PTHrP production by HARA cells may have resulted in a high concentration in the bone microenvironment, partially overriding the antiosteoclast effects of both OPG and ZOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Tannehill-Gregg
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
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Richard V, Nadella MVP, Green PL, Lairmore MD, Feuer G, Foley JG, Rosol TJ. Transcriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein promoter P3 by ETS-1 in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leukemia 2005; 19:1175-83. [PMID: 15889157 PMCID: PMC2661941 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a primary role in the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy seen in the majority of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. HTLV-1 Tax has been shown to complex with ETS-1 and SP1 to transactivate the PTHrP P3 promoter. Previously, we established a SCID/bg mouse model of human ATL with RV-ATL cells and showed that PTHrP expression was independent of Tax. In this study, we report an inverse correlation of PTHrP with tax/rex mRNA in multiple HTLV-1-positive cell lines and RV-ATL cells. Stimulation of Jurkat T cells with PMA/ionomycin upregulated the PTHrP P3 promoter by a previously characterized Ets binding site and also induced protein/DNA complex formation identical to that observed in RV-ATL cells. Further, we provide evidence that cotransfection with Ets-1 and constitutively active Mek-1 in HTLV-1-negative transformed T cells with stimulation by PMA/ionomycin not only resulted in a robust induction of PTHrP P3 but also formed a complex with ETS-1/P3 EBS similar to that in ATLL cells. Our data demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of PTHrP in ATLL cells can be controlled by T-cell receptor signaling and the ETS and MAPK ERK pathway in a Tax-independent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Products, rex/genetics
- Gene Products, rex/metabolism
- Gene Products, tax/genetics
- Gene Products, tax/metabolism
- HTLV-I Infections/metabolism
- HTLV-I Infections/virology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- V Richard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - MVP Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - PL Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - MD Lairmore
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Feuer
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - JG Foley
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - TJ Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
Prostate carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) occur in the prostate gland of older dogs and have morphologic similarities when evaluated by light microscopy. The dog is a commonly used animal model for studying human prostate carcinoma; therefore, it is important to accurately differentiate canine prostate carcinomas from TCCs. We investigated whether keratin 7 (K7) and arginine esterase (AE) would aid differentiation of canine prostate carcinoma from TCC. K7 expression was evaluated in normal and neoplastic canine prostate and bladder tissues using immunohistochemistry. The expression of AE messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in normal and neoplastic canine prostate and bladder was detected using northern blots and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, AE enzyme activity was measured in normal and neoplastic canine prostate and bladder tissues. We found marked similarities in K7 expression in prostate carcinomas and TCCs. AE mRNA was present in high levels in normal prostatic tissue but was reduced in prostate carcinoma by northern blot assay. Nested RT-PCR detected AE mRNA both in TCCs (13 of 15) and in prostate carcinomas (13 of 13). Enzymatic activity of AE was high in normal prostate gland and in some prostate carcinomas, whereas normal bladder and TCCs produced lower levels of AE. In conclusion, K7 and AE cannot be used to differentiate TCC from prostate carcinoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E LeRoy
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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