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Costa DJ, Carvalho RMDA, Abbehusen M, Teixeira C, Pitombo M, Trigo J, Nascimento F, Amorim L, Abreu-Silva AL, do Socorro Pires Cruz M, Miranda JC, Fukutani K, de Oliveira CI, Barral A, Barral-Netto M, Brodskyn C. Experimental infection of dogs with Leishmania and saliva as a model to study Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60535. [PMID: 23577121 PMCID: PMC3618420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum, transmitted by the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. Dogs are the main domestic reservoir of the parasite. The establishment of an experimental model that partially reproduces natural infection in dogs is very important to test vaccine candidates, mainly regarding those that use salivary proteins from the vector and new therapeutical approaches. Methodology/Principal Findings In this report, we describe an experimental infection in dogs, using intradermal injection of Leishmania infantum plus salivary gland homogenate (SGH) of Lutzomyia longipalpis. Thirty-five dogs were infected with 1×107 parasites combined with five pairs of Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary glands and followed for 450 days after infection and clinical, immunological and parasitological parameters were evaluated. Two hundred and ten days after infection we observed that 31,4% of dogs did not display detectable levels of anti-Leishmania antibodies but all presented different numbers of parasites in the lymph nodes. Animals with a positive xenodiagnosis had at least 3,35×105 parasites in their lymph nodes. An increase of IFN-γ and IL-10 levels was detected during infection. Twenty two percent of dogs developed symptoms of CVL during infection. Conclusion The infection model described here shows some degree of similarity when compared with naturally infected dogs opening new perspectives for the study of CVL using an experimental model that employs the combination of parasites and sand fly saliva both present during natural transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maiana Pitombo
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joelma Trigo
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nascimento
- Laboratório de Imunofiosiologia, Departamento de Patologia Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Amorim
- Laboratório de Imunofiosiologia, Departamento de Patologia Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Socorro Pires Cruz
- Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila I. de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Brodskyn
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Piauí, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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da Silva RAA, Tavares NM, Costa D, Pitombo M, Barbosa L, Fukutani K, Miranda JC, de Oliveira CI, Valenzuela JG, Barral A, Soto M, Barral-Netto M, Brodskyn C. DNA vaccination with KMP11 and Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary protein protects hamsters against visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2011; 120:185-90. [PMID: 21875567 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It was recently shown that immunization of hamsters with DNA plasmids coding LJM19, a sand fly salivary protein, partially protected against a challenge with Leishmania chagasi, whereas immunization with KMP11 DNA plasmid, a Leishmania antigen, induced protection against L. donovani infection. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of immunization with both LJM19 and KMP11 DNA plasmid together. Concerning the protection against an infection by L. chagasi, immunization with DNA plasmids coding LJM19 or KMP11, as well as with both plasmids combined, induced IFN-γ production in draining lymph nodes at 7, 14 and 21 days post-immunization. Immunized hamsters challenged with L. chagasi plus Salivary Gland Sonicate (SGS) from Lutzomyia longipalpis showed an enhancement of IFN-γ/IL-10 and IFN-γ/TGF-β in draining lymph nodes after 7 and 14 days of infection. Two and five months after challenge, immunized animals showed reduced parasite load in the liver and spleen, as well as increased IFN-γ/IL-10 and IFN-γ/TGF-β ratios in the spleen. Furthermore, immunized animals remained with a normal hematological profile even five months after the challenge, whereas L. chagasi in unimmunized hamsters lead to a significant anemia. The protection observed with LJM19 or KMP11 DNA plasmids used alone was very similar to the protection obtained by the combination of both plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson A A da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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