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Falcón-Flores JA, Jiménez-Corona ME, Rangel-Nieto I, Moreno-Altamirano L, Borges-Yáñez SA, Vázquez-Duran M, Jiménez-Corona A. Social determinants of health for moderate and severe periodontal disease in rural and urban populations. Community Dent Health 2023; 40:146-153. [PMID: 37067350 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00169falcon-flores08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis and its association with social determinants of health in rural and urban population from the State of Chiapas, in Southern Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2013 comprising people 20 years and older. The determinants were categorized as proximal (age, sex, indigenous origin, diabetes, smoking, diet), intermediate (level of schooling, occupation, medical and dental care), and structural (type of institution of health care provision, residence area). Periodontal status was assessed using the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index. RESULTS In total, 467 persons (72.4% women; mean age 43.0 years [s.d 14.7]) participated. Of them, 76.5% lived in rural areas and 56.7% were of indigenous origin. Participants with moderate and severe periodontitis had a significantly lower toothbrushing frequency (44.1% and 44.8%, respectively), and poorer oral hygiene (90% and 90.3%, respectively) compared with people without periodontitis (29.4% for toothbrushing frequency and 74.5% for oral hygiene). Moderate periodontitis was associated with poor oral hygiene (OR=2.63) and no schooling (OR=1.86). Severe periodontitis was associated with age (OR=1.05), poor oral hygiene (OR=3.99), no schooling (OR=2.08), and the interaction term of rural area and indigenous origin (RM=5.23). CONCLUSIONS Social determinants of health play an important role in the development of periodontitis. Preventive oral health programs should thus focus on the specific social, economic, and geographical context of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Falcón-Flores
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico
| | - M E Jiménez-Corona
- Department of Epidemiology, Ignacio Chavez National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico
| | - I Rangel-Nieto
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico
| | | | - S A Borges-Yáñez
- Postgraduate Unit, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Vázquez-Duran
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico
| | - A Jiménez-Corona
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico
- General Directorate of Epidemiology, Health Secretariat, Mexico
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Loza A, Wong-Chew RM, Jiménez-Corona ME, Zárate S, López S, Ciria R, Palomares D, García-López R, Iša P, Taboada B, Rosales M, Boukadida C, Herrera-Estrella A, Mojica NS, Rivera-Gutierrez X, Muñoz-Medina JE, Salas-Lais AG, Sanchez-Flores A, Vazquez-Perez JA, Arias CF, Gutiérrez-Ríos RM. Two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1050673. [PMID: 36711379 PMCID: PMC9880891 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After the initial outbreak in China (December 2019), the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. This paper aims to describe the first 2 years of the pandemic in Mexico. Design and methods This is a population-based longitudinal study. We analyzed data from the national COVID-19 registry to describe the evolution of the pandemic in terms of the number of confirmed cases, hospitalizations, deaths and reported symptoms in relation to health policies and circulating variants. We also carried out logistic regression to investigate the major risk factors for disease severity. Results From March 2020 to March 2022, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Mexico underwent four epidemic waves. Out of 5,702,143 confirmed cases, 680,063 were hospitalized (11.9%), and 324,436 (5.7%) died. Even if there was no difference in susceptibility by gender, males had a higher risk of death (CFP: 7.3 vs. 4.2%) and hospital admission risk (HP: 14.4 vs. 9.5%). Severity increased with age. With respect to younger ages (0-17 years), the 60+ years or older group reached adjusted odds ratios of 9.63 in the case of admission and 53.05 (95% CI: 27.94-118.62) in the case of death. The presence of any comorbidity more than doubled the odds ratio, with hypertension-diabetes as the riskiest combination. While the wave peaks increased over time, the odds ratios for developing severe disease (waves 2, 3, and 4 to wave 1) decreased to 0.15 (95% CI: 0.12-0.18) in the fourth wave. Conclusion The health policy promoted by the Mexican government decreased hospitalizations and deaths, particularly among older adults with the highest risk of admission and death. Comorbidities augment the risk of developing severe illness, which is shown to rise by double in the Mexican population, particularly for those reported with hypertension-diabetes. Factors such as the decrease in the severity of the SARS-CoV2 variants, changes in symptomatology, and advances in the management of patients, vaccination, and treatments influenced the decrease in mortality and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Loza
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Wong-Chew
- Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, División de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Selene Zárate
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ciria
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diego Palomares
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo García-López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Pavel Iša
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Blanca Taboada
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rosales
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Celia Boukadida
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nelly Selem Mojica
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Xaira Rivera-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Esteba Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico,*Correspondence: Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos ✉
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Soto-Hernández JL, Ponce de León Rosales S, Vargas Cañas ES, Cárdenas G, Carrillo Loza K, Díaz-Quiñonez JA, López-Martínez I, Jiménez-Corona ME, Ruiz-Matus C, Kuri Morales P. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With Zika Virus Infection: A Prospective Case Series From Mexico. Front Neurol 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 31114537 PMCID: PMC6502985 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: On May 2016, anticipating the rainy season from June to October in Mexico, we expected an increase in cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections. With the goal of identifying cases of GBS associated with ZIKV infection, a prospective joint study was conducted by a reference center for neurological patients and the Secretary of Health in Mexico City from July 2016 to November 2016. Methods: Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva were tested by RT-PCR for ZIKV, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus in patients referred from states with reported transmissions of ZIKV infection, and with clinical symptoms of GBS according to the Brighton Collaboration criteria. Clinical, electrophysiological, and long-term disability data were collected. Results: In the year 2016 twenty-eight patients with GBS were diagnosed at our institute. In five hospitalized patients with GBS, RT-PCR was positive to ZIKV in any collected specimen. Dengue and chikungunya RT-PCR results were negative. All five patients had areflexic flaccid weakness, and cranial nerves affected in three. Electrophysiological patterns were demyelinating in two patients and axonal in three. Three patients were discharged improved in 10 days or less, and two patients required intensive care unit admission, and completely recovered during follow-up. Conclusion: Our results are similar to those reported from the state of Veracruz, Mexico, in which out of 33 samples of urine of patients with GBS two had a positive RT-PCR for ZIKV. Simultaneous processing of serum, CSF, urine, and saliva by RT-PCR may increase the success of diagnosis of GBS associated to ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Soto-Hernández
- Department of Infectious Diseases National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Edwin Steven Vargas Cañas
- Neuromuscular Clinic, Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Department of Infectious Diseases National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Carrillo Loza
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Díaz-Quiñonez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Estudios de Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma López-Martínez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pablo Kuri Morales
- División de Estudios de Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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García-García L, Jiménez-Corona ME, Ramírez-López LE, Báez-Saldaña R, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Cano-Arellano B, Cruz-Hervert P, Téllez-Vázquez NA, Verduzco-Rodríguez L, Jaramillo-Cosme Y, Luna-Téllez E, de León-Rosales SP. Surveillance of nosocomial infections in a Mexican community hospital. How are we doing? Salud Publica Mex 2010; 52:511-516. [PMID: 21271009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the nosocomial infection (NI) rate obtained from a retrospective review of clinical charts with that from the routine nosocomial infection surveillance system in a community hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective review of a randomized sample of clinical charts.Results were compared to standard surveillance using crude and adjusted analyses. RESULTS A total of 440 discharges were reviewed, there were 27 episodes of NIs among 22 patients. Cumulated incidence was 6.13 NI per 100 discharges. Diarrhea, pneumonia and peritonitis were the most common infections. Predictors of NI by Cox regression analysis included pleural catheter (HR 16.38), entry through the emergency ward, hospitalization in the intensive care unit (HR 7.19), and placement of orotracheal tube (HR 5.54). CONCLUSIONS Frequency of NIs in this community hospital was high and underestimated. We identified urgent needs in the areas of training and monitoring.
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Ramírez-Salazar C, Jiménez-Corona ME, Rivera-Cisneros AE. [Legal aspects of cases of blood transfusion in Jehovah's Witnesses]. GAC MED MEX 2003; 139:423-5. [PMID: 14574766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
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García-García ML, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Jiménez-Corona ME, Ponce-de-León A, Jiménez-Corona A, Bobadilla-del Valle M, Palacios-Martínez M, Canales G, Sanginés A, Jaramillo Y, Martínez-Gamboa A, Balandrano S, Valdespino-Gómez JL, Small P. [Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Orizaba, Veracruz. Implications for the tuberculosis prevention and control program]. Rev Invest Clin 2001; 53:315-23. [PMID: 11599478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis, declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization, continues to be an important public health problem in Mexico, included in the first twenty causes of death. OBJECTIVE To know the impact of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on treatment outcome, need of re-treatment and mortality in a cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving directly observed therapy, short course (DOTS). METHODS We conducted a population-based study in a suburban region in Southern Mexico. People who had been coughing for more than two weeks underwent sputum acid-fast bacilli smear. Patients with a positive smear were recruited and underwent clinical exam, chest X-ray, HIV testing, and sputum cultures. Identification, drug susceptibility testing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) were performed in all isolates. Patients were followed every 12 months for new episodes of tuberculosis and vital status. Patients were referred for clinical care to the local program of tuberculosis. Deaths were corroborated with death certificates. Informed consent was obtained from participants. RESULTS Between March 1995 and February 1999, tuberculosis was diagnosed in 371 patients who were followed for an average of 32 months. M. tuberculosis was cultured from 316 patients; resistance to any drug occurred in 25.0% of isolates (primary 18.8%, acquired 49.2%); only to isoniazid in 6.8% (primary 7.3%, acquired 4.8%); to isoniazid and rifampin in 6.2% (primary 1.6%, acquired 23.8%). Patients with drug resistance had a higher probability of treatment failure (OR = 16.9, CI 95% 4.5-63.0) and patients with MDR strains had a higher probability of need of re-treatment (RR = 24.4, CI 95% 8.8-67.6), and of death (RR = 4.0, CI 95% 1.5-10.7). Additional variables were found to be associated with subsequent episodes of disease and mortality: Cocaine use, chronic disease, type of radiological lesions, HIV co-infection, non-compliance and treatment delay, as well as RFLP clustering. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that drug resistance showed a severe impact on the outcome and survival; drug-resistance was the most significant factor for these negative outcomes; DOTS may not be sufficient in areas where drug resistance is considerable, and patient follow-up for longer periods of time, as compared to evaluation at the end of treatment, provides additional information which is useful for prevention and control programs.
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de Lourdes García-García M, Jiménez-Corona A, Jiménez-Corona ME, Solís-Bazaldúa M, Villamizar-Arciniegas CO, Valdespino-Gómez JL. Nosocomial infections in a community hospital in Mexico. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:386-8. [PMID: 11519920 DOI: 10.1086/501920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Results from prospective surveillance of nosocomial infections (NIs) in a small community hospital were evaluated, and a case-control study was conducted. The rate of 1.4 NIs per 100 discharges determined by prospective surveillance was found to be underestimated. Prematurity, pediatric service, surgery, length of stay, and age were independently associated with NI.
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García-García ML, Jiménez-Corona A, Jiménez-Corona ME, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Martínez K, Rivera-Chavira B, Martínez-Tapia ME, Valenzuela-Miramontes E, Palacios-Martínez M, Juárez-Sandino L, Valdespino-Gómez JL. Factors associated with tuberculin reactivity in two general hospitals in Mexico. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:88-93. [PMID: 11232884 DOI: 10.1086/501869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with tuberculin reactivity in healthcare workers (HCWs). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of tuberculin reactivity (2 TU of purified protein derivative (PPD) RT23, using the Mantoux two-step test). SETTING Two general hospitals located in a region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and high bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) coverage. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of HCWs. RESULTS 605 HCWs were recruited: 71.2% female; mean age, 36.4 (standard deviation [SD], 8.2) years; 48.9% nurses, 10.4% physicians, 26.8% administrative personnel; mean time of employment, 10.9 (SD, 6.7) years. PPD reactivity (> or =10 mm) was found in 390 (64.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of tuberculin reactivity with occupational exposure in the hospital: participation in autopsies (odds ratio [OR], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.1-40.5; P=.003.), more than 1 year of employment (OR, 2.4; CI95, 1.1-5.0; P=.02), work in the emergency or radiology departments (OR, 2.0; CI95, 1.03-3.81; P=.04), being physicians or nurses (OR, 1.5; CI95, 1.04-2.11; P=.03), age (OR, 1.04; CI95, 1.02-1.07 per year of age; P<.001), and BCG scar (OR, 2.1; CI95, 1.2-3.4; P=.005). CONCLUSIONS Although the studied population has a high baseline prevalence of tuberculosis infection and high coverage of BCG vaccination, nosocomial risk factors associated with PPD reactivity were identified as professional risks; strict early preventive measures must be implemented accordingly.
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García-García ML, Jiménez-Corona ME, Ponce-de-León A, Jiménez-Corona A, Palacios-Martínez M, Balandrano-Campos S, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Juárez-Sandino L, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Olivera-Díaz H, Valdespino-Gómez JL, Small PM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in a suburban community in southern Mexico. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000; 4:S168-70. [PMID: 11144548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of drug resistance (DR) on the clinical outcome and transmission of tuberculosis under programmatic conditions. METHODS Prospective cohort and molecular epidemiologic study in the Orizaba Health Jurisdiction of Mexico. Between March 1995 and July 1999, chronic coughers with positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) detected in sputum smear underwent clinical and mycobacteriologic evaluation (species identification, drug susceptibility testing and IS6110-based genotyping). Treatment was provided in accordance with official norms. RESULTS Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from 326/387 AFB-positive cases. The rate of DR was 24.2% and that of multidrug resistance (MDR, defined as resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin at least) was 7.7%; 78% were cured, 8% abandoned treatment, 6% failed treatment, and 5% died. An additional 13.5% received retreatment and 8.9% died during a median 28.6 months of follow up. Factors associated with DR by multivariate analysis were chronicity of tuberculosis (OR 4.8, 95%CI 2.7-8.4, P < 0.001), age >40 years (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.2, P = 0.02) and indigenous origin (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.13-0.75, P = 0.01). Cox-adjusted relative risks showed that MDR (RR 2.5, 95%CI 1.02-6.16, P = 0.04), HIV infection (RR 31.3, 95%CI 11.6-84.8, P < 0.001), and chronicity of tuberculosis (RR 2.1, 95%CI 1.0-4.4, P = 0.06) were associated with mortality, controlling for age. Predictors of retreatment were DR (not including MDR) (RR 2.2 95%CI 0.89-5.31, P < 0.087), MDR (RR 12.6, 95%CI 5.46-28.88, P < 0.001), and living in a household with an earthen floor (RR 2.8, 95%CI 1.27-6.13, P = 0.011). Being infected with MDR-TB was the only factor associated with a decreased likelihood of being in an RFLP cluster (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.12-0.81, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Although MDR-TB may have a decreased propensity to spread and cause disease, it has a profoundly negative impact on tuberculosis control.
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García-García ML, Ponce de León A, Jiménez-Corona ME, Jiménez-Corona A, Palacios-Martínez M, Balandrano-Campos S, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Juárez-Sandino L, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Olivera-Díaz H, Valdespino-Gómez JL, Small PM. Clinical consequences and transmissibility of drug-resistant tuberculosis in southern Mexico. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:630-6. [PMID: 10724048 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.160.5.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consequences of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries using directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS), are not well defined. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of drug resistance on clinical outcome and transmission of TB under programmatic conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective cohort and molecular epidemiologic study was conducted in southern Mexico. Between March 1995 and February 1998 all patients with persistent cough whose sputa had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) underwent clinical and mycobacteriologic evaluation (species identification, drug susceptibility testing, and IS6110-based genotyping). Treatment was provided in accordance with Mexico's National Tuberculosis Program. Clinical and microbiologic outcomes and molecular epidemiologically defined transmission were measured. RESULTS Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from 238 of the 284 AFB smear-positive persons. The overall rate of resistance was 28.4% (new, 20.7%; retreated, 54.7%), and 10.8% (new, 3.3%; retreated, 35.8%) had multi-drug-resistant TB (ie, resistance to isoniazid and rifampin). After treatment, 75% (new, 81.0%; retreated, 52.8%) were cured, 8% (new, 7.8%; retreated, 7.5%) abandoned therapy, 9% (new, 3.9%; retreated, 28.3%) had treatment failure, and 4% (new, 3.3%; retreated, 7.5%) died. Another 2% of patients relapsed, and 9% died during a median of 24.4 months of follow-up. Drug-resistance was a strong independent risk factor for treatment failure. Being infected with multi-drug-resistant TB was the only factor associated with a decreased likelihood of being in a restriction fragment length polymorphism cluster. CONCLUSIONS Despite the use of DOTS, patients with drug-resistant TB had a dramatically increased probability of treatment failure and death. Although multi-drug-resistant TB may have a decreased propensity to spread and cause disease, it has a profoundly negative impact on TB control.
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García-García M, Palacios-Martínez M, Ponce-de-León A, Jiménez-Corona ME, Jiménez-Corona A, Balandrano-Campos S, Olivera-Díaz H, Valdespino-Gómez JL, Small PM. The role of core groups in transmitting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a high prevalence community in Southern Mexico. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000; 4:12-7. [PMID: 10654638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING A community in Southern Mexico with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE To characterize the transmission dynamics in a region with a DOTS-based tuberculosis control program. DESIGN Community-based screening of chronic coughers between 1 March 1995 and 31 August 1996. Individuals with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in their sputum were enrolled, interviewed, and had mycobacterial cultures and fingerprinting performed. In-depth interviews were conducted on all persons with DNA fingerprinting. RESULTS AFB smears were performed on 1424 individuals, 124 of whom were microbiologically confirmed. Of the 95 cases for whom bacterial DNA fingerprints were available, 38 were in clusters. The largest cluster involved seven individuals who were members of a social network centered on a series of unlicensed bars. CONCLUSION This population-based molecular epidemiologic study showed that a focus of transmission within a social network accounted for one fourth of transmission which rapidly progressed to disease. These observations raise questions about the potential benefit of targeted tuberculosis control interventions in health jurisdictions approaching WHO-defined DOTS benchmarks.
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Jiménez-Corona ME, Rangel-Frausto MS, García-Berrios J. [Management of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in a health care institution. A survey on nursing personnel knowledge]. GAC MED MEX 1997; 133:371-5. [PMID: 9410800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M E Jiménez-Corona
- Departamento de Archivo Clínico y Bioestadística, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan México, D.F
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Jiménez-Corona ME, Rangel-Frausto S, Rodríguez-Assad A, Ponce de León-Rosales S. [The management of biologically infectious residues in a health institution: the Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Nutrition]. GAC MED MEX 1997; 133:53-6. [PMID: 9172992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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