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Ruggiero C, Baroni M, Xenos D, Parretti L, Macchione IG, Bubba V, Laudisio A, Pedone C, Ferracci M, Magierski R, Boccardi V, Antonelli-Incalzi R, Mecocci P. Dementia, osteoporosis and fragility fractures: Intricate epidemiological relationships, plausible biological connections, and twisted clinical practices. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102130. [PMID: 38030092 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Dementia, osteoporosis, and fragility fractures are chronic diseases, often co-existing in older adults. These conditions pose severe morbidity, long-term disability, and mortality, with relevant socioeconomic implications. While in the research arena, the discussion remains on whether dementia is the cause or the consequence of fragility fractures, healthcare professionals need a better understanding of the interplay between such conditions from epidemiological and physiological standpoints. With this review, we summarized the available literature surrounding the relationship between cognitive impairment, dementia, and both low bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fractures. Given the strength of the bi-directional associations and their impact on the quality of life, we shed light on the biological connections between brain and bone systems, presenting the main mediators, including gut microbioma, and pathological pathways leading to the dysregulation of bone and brain metabolism. Ultimately, we synthesized the evidence about the impact of available pharmacological treatments for the prevention of fragility fractures on cognitive functions and individuals' outcomes when dementia coexists. Vice versa, the effects of symptomatic treatments for dementia on the risk of falls and fragility fractures are explored. Combining evidence alongside clinical practice, we discuss challenges and opportunities related to the management of older adults affected by cognitive impairment or dementia and at high risk for fragility fracture prevention, which leads to not only an improvement in patient health-related outcomes and survival but also a reduction in healthcare cost and socio-economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruggiero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - D Xenos
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - L Parretti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - I G Macchione
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bubba
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - A Laudisio
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Pedone
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ferracci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - R Magierski
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - V Boccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - R Antonelli-Incalzi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mecocci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
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Lake BM, Baroni M. Human-like systematic generalization through a meta-learning neural network. Nature 2023; 623:115-121. [PMID: 37880371 PMCID: PMC10620072 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The power of human language and thought arises from systematic compositionality-the algebraic ability to understand and produce novel combinations from known components. Fodor and Pylyshyn1 famously argued that artificial neural networks lack this capacity and are therefore not viable models of the mind. Neural networks have advanced considerably in the years since, yet the systematicity challenge persists. Here we successfully address Fodor and Pylyshyn's challenge by providing evidence that neural networks can achieve human-like systematicity when optimized for their compositional skills. To do so, we introduce the meta-learning for compositionality (MLC) approach for guiding training through a dynamic stream of compositional tasks. To compare humans and machines, we conducted human behavioural experiments using an instruction learning paradigm. After considering seven different models, we found that, in contrast to perfectly systematic but rigid probabilistic symbolic models, and perfectly flexible but unsystematic neural networks, only MLC achieves both the systematicity and flexibility needed for human-like generalization. MLC also advances the compositional skills of machine learning systems in several systematic generalization benchmarks. Our results show how a standard neural network architecture, optimized for its compositional skills, can mimic human systematic generalization in a head-to-head comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden M Lake
- Department of Psychology and Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marco Baroni
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Boriani G, Guerra F, De Ponti R, D'Onofrio A, Accogli M, Bertini M, Bisignani G, Forleo GB, Landolina M, Lavalle C, Notarstefano P, Ricci RP, Zanotto G, Palmisano P, De Bonis S, Pangallo A, Talarico A, Maglia G, Aspromonte V, Nigro G, Bianchi V, Rapacciuolo A, Ammendola E, Solimene F, Stabile G, Biffi M, Ziacchi M, Malpighi PSO, Saporito D, Casali E, Turco V, Malavasi VL, Vitolo M, Imberti JF, Bertini M, Anna AS, Zardini M, Placci A, Quartieri F, Bottoni N, Carinci V, Barbato G, De Maria E, Borghi A, Ramazzini OB, Bronzetti G, Tomasi C, Boggian G, Virzì S, Sassone B, Corzani A, Sabbatani P, Pastori P, Ciccaglioni A, Adamo F, Scaccia A, Spampinato A, Patruno N, Biscione F, Cinti C, Pignalberi C, Calò L, Tancredi M, Di Belardino N, Ricciardi D, Cauti F, Rossi P, Cardinale M, Ansalone G, Narducci ML, Pelargonio G, Silvetti M, Drago F, Santini L, Pentimalli F, Pepi P, Caravati F, Taravelli E, Belotti G, Rordorf R, Mazzone P, Bella PD, Rossi S, Canevese LF, Cilloni S, Doni LA, Vergara P, Baroni M, Perna E, Gardini A, Negro R, Perego GB, Curnis A, Arabia G, Russo AD, Marchese P, Dell’Era G, Occhetta E, Pizzetti F, Amellone C, Giammaria M, Devecchi C, Coppolino A, Tommasi S, Anselmino M, Coluccia G, Guido A, Rillo M, Palamà Z, Luzzi G, Pellegrino PL, Grimaldi M, Grandinetti G, Vilei E, Potenza D, Scicchitano P, Favale S, Santobuono VE, Sai R, Melissano D, Candida TR, Bonfantino VM, Di Canda D, Gianfrancesco D, Carretta D, Pisanò ECL, Medico A, Giaccari R, Aste R, Murgia C, Nissardi V, Sanna GD, Firetto G, Crea P, Ciotta E, Sgarito G, Caramanno G, Ciaramitaro G, Faraci A, Fasheri A, Di Gregorio L, Campsi G, Muscio G, Giannola G, Padeletti M, Del Rosso A, Notarstefano P, Nesti M, Miracapillo G, Giovannini T, Pieragnoli P, Rauhe W, Marini M, Guarracini F, Ridarelli M, Fedeli F, Mazza A, Zingarini G, Andreoli C, Carreras G, Zorzi A, Zanotto G, Rossillo A, Ignatuk B, Zerbo F, Molon G, Fantinel M, Zanon F, Marcantoni L, Zadro M, Bevilacqua M. Five waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: results of a national survey evaluating the impact on activities related to arrhythmias, pacing, and electrophysiology promoted by AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing). Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:137-149. [PMID: 36352300 PMCID: PMC9646282 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy had a major impact on cardiac care. METHODS A survey to evaluate the dynamic changes in arrhythmia care during the first five waves of COVID-19 in Italy (first: March-May 2020; second: October 2020-January 2021; third: February-May 2021; fourth: June-October 2021; fifth: November 2021-February 2022) was launched. RESULTS A total of 127 physicians from arrhythmia centers (34% of Italian centers) took part in the survey. As compared to 2019, a reduction in 40% of elective pacemaker (PM), defibrillators (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization devices (CRT) implantations, with a 70% reduction for ablations, was reported during the first wave, with a progressive and gradual return to pre-pandemic volumes, generally during the third-fourth waves, slower for ablations. For emergency procedures (PM, ICD, CRT, and ablations), recovery from the initial 10% decline occurred in most cases during the second wave, with some variability. However, acute care for atrial fibrillation, electrical cardioversions, and evaluations for syncope showed a prolonged reduction of activity. The number of patients with devices which started remote monitoring increased by 40% during the first wave, but then the adoption of remote monitoring declined. CONCLUSIONS The dramatic and profound derangement in arrhythmia management that characterized the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by a progressive return to the volume of activities of the pre-pandemic periods, even if with different temporal dynamics and some heterogeneity. Remote monitoring was largely implemented during the first wave, but full implementation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41121, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federico Guerra
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, University Hospital Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto De Ponti
- Department of Heart and Vessels, Ospedale di Circolo-University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Onofrio
- Departmental Unit of Electrophysiology, Evaluation and Treatment of Arrhythmias, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bertini
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara "Arcispedale S. Anna", Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bisignani
- Cardiology Division, Castrovillari Hospital, ASP Cosenza, Castrovillari, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Lavalle
- Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Universitario Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Zanotto
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Salutis Hospital, Legnago, Verona, Italy
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Simonini L, Sbrana S, Foffa I, Baroni M, Catapano G, Chiappino D, Grigoratos C, Marrone C, Losi P, Mannucci F, Salvadori S, Todiere G, Valenti E, Ait-Ali L, Aquaro GD. Relationships between plasma cytokine balance and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in long-term post-COVID follow-up: a cross-sectional preliminary study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 infection can lead to a constellation of long-lasting post-infectious sequelae, including myocardial dysfunction, whose outcome is strongly affected by a fine-tuned balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory systemic immune responses. Plasma cytokines are key mediators of this immunological balance. In this preliminary study we evaluated the cross-sectional association between the circulating levels of the main pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) abnormalities.
Methods
71 subjects (59% female, mean age 52±14) with previous diagnosis of COVID-19 infection were enrolled at our institution for MULTICOVID protocol, comprehensive of CMR and biomarkers assessment performed >3 months and <1 year following the first negative swab test. CMR protocols consisted of conventional sequences (cine, T2-weighted imaging, and late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and quantitative mapping sequences (T1, T2, and extracellular volume [ECV] mapping). Plasma levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1α, IFN-α2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-18, IP-10, MIG and MCP-1 were quantified by Multiplex Immunoassays on the Luminex technology platform. Soluble cardiologic and biochemical biomarkers were measured by routine laboratory analysis.
Results
After a median of 9 (IQR 6–11) months following negative swab, CMR was normal in 48 subjects, while in 23 (32%) it revealed tissue characterization abnormalities (myocardial late enhancement and/or edema). By multivariate regression analysis (adjusted for age, sex, vaccination, severity degrees of the initial COVID disease, presence of comorbidities, smoke, time interval between COVID diagnosis and CMR assessment) the cytokine ratio TNF-α/(IL-10+IL-13) was independently associated (OR=2.89, 95% CI 1.19–7.04, p=0.02) with CMR abnormalities. Interestingly, the cumulative pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio (IL-1β+TNF-α+IFN-α2+IL-6+IL-17A+IL-8)/(IL-10+IL-13) showed a positive (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.04–2.75) and significant (p=0.03) association with CMR imaging aspects. Also, the ratio IFN-α2/(IL-10+IL-13), although without achieving a complete statistical significance (p=0.09), was associated positively with CMR findings.
Conclusions
The preliminary results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the systemic inflammatory environment, long-lasting unbalanced towards a prevalent cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory condition following COVID infection, could affect the development of CMR-detectable myocardial edema and fibrosis in long-term post-COVID subjects.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Tuscany Region
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Affiliation(s)
- L Simonini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - S Sbrana
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - I Foffa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Massa , Italy
| | - G Catapano
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - D Chiappino
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Massa , Italy
| | - C Grigoratos
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - C Marrone
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Massa , Italy
| | - P Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - F Mannucci
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - S Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - G Todiere
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - E Valenti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - L Ait-Ali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - G D Aquaro
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
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Pignalosa L, Casula M, Rordorf R, Perna E, Baroni M, Garascia A, Guida S, Gazzoli F, Pini D, Cannata F, Pellegrino M, Vergara P, Della Bella P, Gulletta S. A multicentric observational study of patients affected by advanced heart failure with implantable cardioverter defibrillator and left ventricular assist devices. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is increasingly used in patients with end-stage heart failure. Most patients already have an implantable defibrillator (ICD) at the time of L-VAD implantation. Studies on this patient population are limited by the small sample size and the short duration of follow-up.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the real-world management of patients implanted with both ICD and LVAD. The main objective was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of appropriate and inappropriate therapies of the ICD and the incidence and predictors of ICD related complications.
Methods
212 patients were enrolled in four Centers in the period between July 2006 and November 2020. The inclusion criteria were age> 18 years, advanced heart failure, patients with ICD and concomitant or subsequent continuous flow LVAD implantation. ICD therapy was defined as antitachycardia pacing therapy or shock.
The data available at the last visit with a median follow up of 21 months were analyzed.
Outcome predictors were assessed by univariate logistic regression and the variables of interest included in a multivariate model.
Results
The rate of appropriate ICD therapies was 29.7%, while the incidence of inappropriate therapies was 10.4%; in the multivariate analysis the presence of a zone therapy with low detection rate (VT zone with median detection rate of 164.5 bpm) was found to be an independent predictor of the composite of appropriate and inappropriate therapies (OR = 19.05; CI = 2.19-165.21; p = 0.007). Interference between ICD and LVAD occurred in 7.5% of cases; the incidence of infectious complications related to the ICD was 7.1% and bleeding complications of 5.2%; in the multivariate analysis, ICD generator replacement was an independent predictor of total complications related to the ICD (interference, infectious and bleeding; OR = 4.45; IC = 1.60-12.36; p = 0.004). 103 patients had CRT defibrillator (48,6%). At follow up there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of appropriate therapies between those who had CRT-on (n=74) and those who had CRT-off (n=29; p = 0.61).
Conclusions
Patients with LVAD implanted with an ICD experience a high rate of appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies. An active VT zone at low heart rate was found to be an independent predictor of ICD therapies. Of more, ICD generator replacement was found to be an independent predictor of total complications related to the ICD. Our findings suggest the importance of tailoring device programming in order to minimize the incidence of ICD therapies, thus sparing the need for generator replacement in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pignalosa
- I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo Polyclinic, Arrhythmias Unit and Division of Cardiology, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Casula
- I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo Polyclinic, Arrhythmias Unit and Division of Cardiology, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Rordorf
- I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo Polyclinic, Arrhythmias Unit and Division of Cardiology, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Perna
- De Gasperis CardioCenter, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- De Gasperis CardioCenter, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Garascia
- De Gasperis CardioCenter, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - S Guida
- I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo Polyclinic, Arrhythmias Unit and Division of Cardiology, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Gazzoli
- I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo Polyclinic, Cardiac Surgery, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Pini
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - F Cannata
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - M Pellegrino
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - P Vergara
- IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, Milan, Italy
| | - P Della Bella
- IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, Milan, Italy
| | - S Gulletta
- IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, Milan, Italy
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Natali B, Baratta S, Vaselli M, Baroni M, Gwynne S, Nardini F. P344 LEANHEALTHCARE: CLINICAL DOCUMENTATION AS AN EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR IMPROVING CARE. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac012.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Lean Thinking is configured as a management methodology aimed at creating value for the patient and at the systematic reduction of inefficiencies (waste). dictates of leanthinking can result in a new proactive approach supporting the clinic.For these aspects, the Lean approach seemed to us to be an excellent tool to tackle such a complex path as that of creating a computerized folder within the Intensive Care Cardiac surgery.
Objective
The aim of the project was to ensure that the lean tools applied to the development of a computerized medical record could give value to the patient, streamline and speed up the work of operators in terms of response times, delivery and fast consultation of diagnostic reports, ensuring speed and completeness in retrieving information, but also in sharing them among professionals. MATERIALS AND
Methods
Always with a view to continuous improvement of care, before starting with the drafting of the computerized medical record, a multisciplinary work group was set up with the use of typical project management and lean tools, ‘‘ analyzed the path, defined the critical issues and proposed solutions. In the section dedicated to the proposed Countermeasures we opted for a step–by–step IT implementation of both the clinical and health parts with adequate equipment that would implement the existing tools.
Results
The results of our work derive from the implementation of Lean Thinking. What we have been able to create is a folder model aligned with the healthcare processes and which supports the clinician‘s decisions, that is, the IT system has been adapted to the healthcare processes and not simply “computerized” the paper record.
Conclusions
At the end of this process, we realized how to analyze the paths and connections between the various operating units according to lean dictates, leading to highlighting those critical issues that slow down the process by not respecting criteria of efficiency and effectiveness. intensive care has been able to respect standards of support, planning and evaluation of care.
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Márquez DF, Garzón ME, Renna NF, Baroni M, Berger A, Caruso G, Ferretti V, Sabio R, König F, Marín M, Romero CA. [Argentine registry of office blood pressure monitoring. RAMPAC study]. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc 2022; 39:62-68. [PMID: 35305932 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of mortality and disability in the world. In Argentina, almost 44% of hypertensives do not know about their condition and this may be due to the low rate of blood pressure (BP) measurements during the office visit. Our hypothesis is that the measurement and electronic recording of BP (BPMR) is not a routine practice in Argentina. OBJECTIVE To describe the rate of office BP measurement in Argentina. METHODS This is a retrospective, multicentre, point prevalence study. We analysed all office visits on 9/19/2019 at 9 medical institutions in 6 provinces of Argentina. RESULTS Two thousand and eighty-two office visits were analysed. The patients' mean age was 52.1 years (18-103), 1790 (59.7%) were female, and 702 (36.1%) were hypertensives. BP was measured in 420 visits (14.1%; 95% CI 12.8-15.4). In a multivariate logistic regression model, history of HTN (OR 1.91, P<.001) and previous cardiovascular event (OR 1.76, P<.001) were associated with more odds of BPMR. The presence of cancer was associated with fewer odds of BPMR (OR .51, P<.01). Cardiology measured BP up to 49.5% (144/291 visits), followed by internal medicine 30% (152/507 visits). CONCLUSION BPMR during office visits is deficient in Argentina and represents a missed healthcare opportunity. Different strategies are needed to detect hypertensive patients and reduce cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Márquez
- Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina; Instituto de NefroUrología y Nutrición de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - M E Garzón
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Ferreyra, Córdoba, Argentina; Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Privado, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N F Renna
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Español, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Baroni
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-Mendoza, Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Modelo de Cardiología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Berger
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Caruso
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Ferretti
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Sanatorio Norte, Rosario, Argentina
| | - R Sabio
- Hospital de Alta Complejidad, SAMIC-El Calafate, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - F König
- Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | - M Marín
- Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Italiano de San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C A Romero
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Privado, Córdoba, Argentina; Emory University School of Medicine, Renal Division, Atlanta, EE. UU..
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8
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Romeo MR, Baroni M, Berti S, Bianchi G, Margaryan R, Solinas M, Clemente A, Chiappino D, Bevilacqua S, Megaro M. Primary mitral valve regurgitation scheduled for cardiac surgery: no longer need for coronary angiography? A clinical retrospective & HTA analysis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In patients (pts) undergoing cardiac surgery for primary mitral regurgitation (PMR), coronary angiography (CA) is always scheduled shortly before surgery to rule out significant coronary artery disease (CAD), despite this population is often young and with relatively low risk for CAD. Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) could be an alternative approach to evaluate coronary arteries, at least ruling out significant CAD in selected pts, due to its high negative predictive value.
Purpose
A safer, more appropriate and efficient clinical and diagnostic pathway for patients undergoing cardiac surgery for PMR by stratifying patients prior cardiac surgery according to pretest probability score (PTP) and therefore shifting imaging of epicardial coronary arteries from invasive to noninvasive in specific patients subsets.
Methods
A retrospective analysis (Jan 2014–Dec 2020) was carried out through the extraction of 7343 electronic medical records of pts who underwent cardiac valve surgery. In 1556 pts with PMR (1195 with no-CAD and 361 with CAD) a PTP was retrospectively calculated according to Genders, 2012, to stratify their risk of CAD.
A Decision oriented Health Technology Assessment (DoHTA) and a cost analysis were also performed to support the analysis results. A survey was distributed to a team of experts with a multidisciplinary background to analyze the most significant evaluation areas (Economic Aspects, Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Innovation) and the sub-criteria related to them.
Following the Core Model Eunethta as a guideline, a Rapid Report HTA has been drawn up to identify the best solution.
Results
Patients characteristics are listed in Picture 1. Pts with normal coronary arteries showed a PTP low-to intermediate while pts with high PTP had CAD and therefore had a real pretest need for a CA (average 11 percent ± 9 in noCAD group vs 20 percent ± 14 in the CAD group). In two thirds of PMR population coronary angiography could have been avoided according to a PTP score <15 percent.
The cost analysis results were significantly lower in CTCA (1,315.00 EUR vs 180.00 EUR, CA vs CTCA respectively), The Decision Oriented HTA conducted by a multidisciplinary team showed a relevant preference for the new pathway (Picture 2) with a score of 70.23 percent of preference among the Team.
Conclusions
This new pathway, already proposed for selected pts in ESC guidelines on valve diseases (class IIA, LOE C) could be always adopted in PMR pts with low-to intermediate PTP score undergoing cardiac surgery. It could improve workflow efficiency and reduce LOS, and last but not least, avoid an invasive test, reduce radiation exposure and AKI risk in in a relatively young population
The DoHTA provided a more effective and efficient support to the decision-making process.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Picture 1. Patients characteristics (noCAD-CAD)Picture 2. HTA Score CTCA vs CA
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Romeo
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, HTA Innovation Lab, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Clinical Risk Management, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Berti
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Invasive Cardiology Unit, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Bianchi
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Cardiac Surgery Dpt, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Margaryan
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Cardiac Surgery Dpt, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Solinas
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Cardiac Surgery Dpt, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Clemente
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Radiology Dpt, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Chiappino
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Radiology Dpt, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bevilacqua
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Management Control, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Megaro
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Management Control, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Lakretz Y, Hupkes D, Vergallito A, Marelli M, Baroni M, Dehaene S. Mechanisms for handling nested dependencies in neural-network language models and humans. Cognition 2021; 213:104699. [PMID: 33941375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recursive processing in sentence comprehension is considered a hallmark of human linguistic abilities. However, its underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. We studied whether a modern artificial neural network trained with "deep learning" methods mimics a central aspect of human sentence processing, namely the storing of grammatical number and gender information in working memory and its use in long-distance agreement (e.g., capturing the correct number agreement between subject and verb when they are separated by other phrases). Although the network, a recurrent architecture with Long Short-Term Memory units, was solely trained to predict the next word in a large corpus, analysis showed the emergence of a very sparse set of specialized units that successfully handled local and long-distance syntactic agreement for grammatical number. However, the simulations also showed that this mechanism does not support full recursion and fails with some long-range embedded dependencies. We tested the model's predictions in a behavioral experiment where humans detected violations in number agreement in sentences with systematic variations in the singular/plural status of multiple nouns, with or without embedding. Human and model error patterns were remarkably similar, showing that the model echoes various effects observed in human data. However, a key difference was that, with embedded long-range dependencies, humans remained above chance level, while the model's systematic errors brought it below chance. Overall, our study shows that exploring the ways in which modern artificial neural networks process sentences leads to precise and testable hypotheses about human linguistic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Lakretz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France.
| | | | | | - Marco Marelli
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Baroni
- Facebook AI Research, Paris, France; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Collège de France, Université Paris-Sciences-Lettres (PSL), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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Martinelli N, Moruzzi S, Castagna A, Udali S, Baroni M, Pattini P, Ruzzenente A, Conci S, Campagnaro T, Woodhams B, Van Dreden P, Guglielmi A, Bernardi F, Olivieri O, Friso S. PO-25 Plasma levels of activated factor VII–antithrombin complex predict mortality in subjects with liver and colon cancer undergoing curative surgical intervention. Thromb Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(21)00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Words categorize the semantic fields they refer to in ways that maximize communication accuracy while minimizing complexity. Focusing on the well-studied color domain, we show that artificial neural networks trained with deep-learning techniques to play a discrimination game develop communication systems whose distribution on the accuracy/complexity plane closely matches that of human languages. The observed variation among emergent color-naming systems is explained by different degrees of discriminative need, of the sort that might also characterize different human communities. Like human languages, emergent systems show a preference for relatively low-complexity solutions, even at the cost of imperfect communication. We demonstrate next that the nature of the emergent systems crucially depends on communication being discrete (as is human word usage). When continuous message passing is allowed, emergent systems become more complex and eventually less efficient. Our study suggests that efficient semantic categorization is a general property of discrete communication systems, not limited to human language. It suggests moreover that it is exactly the discrete nature of such systems that, acting as a bottleneck, pushes them toward low complexity and optimal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Chaabouni
- Facebook AI Research, 75002 Paris, France;
- Cognitive Machine Learning, ENS - EHESS - PSL Research University - CNRS - INRIA, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Dupoux
- Facebook AI Research, 75002 Paris, France
- Cognitive Machine Learning, ENS - EHESS - PSL Research University - CNRS - INRIA, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marco Baroni
- Facebook AI Research, 75002 Paris, France
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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La Vitola P, Balducci C, Baroni M, Artioli L, Santamaria G, Castiglioni M, Cerovic M, Colombo L, Caldinelli L, Pollegioni L, Forloni G. Peripheral inflammation exacerbates α-synuclein toxicity and neuropathology in Parkinson's models. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:43-60. [PMID: 32696999 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease and related disorders are devastating neurodegenerative pathologies. Since α-synuclein was identified as a main component of Lewy bodies and neurites, efforts have been made to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms of α-synuclein's detrimental effects. α-synuclein oligomers are the most harmful species and may recruit and activate glial cells. Inflammation is emerging as a bridge between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors co-fostering Parkinson's disease. However, direct evidence linking inflammation to the harmful activities of α-synuclein oligomers or to the Parkinson's disease behavioural phenotype is lacking. METHODS To clarify whether neuroinflammation influences Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, we developed: (i) a 'double-hit' approach in C57BL/6 naive mice where peripherally administered lipopolysaccharides were followed by intracerebroventricular injection of an inactive oligomer dose; (ii) a transgenic 'double-hit' model where lipopolysaccharides were given to A53T α-synuclein transgenic Parkinson's disease mice. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharides induced a long-lasting neuroinflammatory response which facilitated the detrimental cognitive activities of oligomers. LPS-activated microglia and astrocytes responded differently to the oligomers with microglia activating further and acquiring a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, while astrocytes atrophied. In the transgenic 'double-hit' A53T mouse model, lipopolysaccharides aggravated cognitive deficits and increased microgliosis. Again, astrocytes responded differently to the double challenge. These findings indicate that peripherally induced neuroinflammation potentiates the α-synuclein oligomer's actions and aggravates cognitive deficits in A53T mice. CONCLUSIONS The fine management of both peripheral and central inflammation may offer a promising therapeutic approach to prevent or slow down some behavioural aspects in α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P La Vitola
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Artioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Santamaria
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Castiglioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Cerovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Caldinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - L Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - G Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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13
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Nicolucci A, Baroni M, Crialesi R, da Empoli S, Dotta F, Frontoni S, Morviducci L, Tanese A, Vaccaro K, Lenzi A. Urban diabetes in the metropolitan area of Rome: development of the action plan. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
The world is rapidly urbanizing, causing alarming health problems to their citizens. The Cities Changing Diabetes program aims to address the social factors and cultural determinants that can increase type 2 diabetes vulnerability among people living in cities. Rome joined the program in 2017, and a series of initiatives was launched with the aim of mapping the problem, sharing the learnings, and designing interventions.
Description of the Problem
The first phase of the project documented that a wide variation exists in the prevalence of diabetes among the districts of Rome, associated with social and cultural determinants. A linear correlation exists between the prevalence of diabetes in the districts, unemployment rate and use of private transportation rate, while an inverse correlation is present with aging index, school education level, and slow mobility rate. These findings were the base for the development of an action plan to be implemented in the next three years. A structured, multi-stakeholder approach was adopted to prioritize the areas of intervention. Politicians, healthcare policy makers, healthcare providers, epidemiologists, social scientists, and patient association representatives were involved.
Results
The following actions have been identified: To potentiate healthcare resources to meet the increasing needs associated with urban development and improve accessibility;To create and strengthen support networks in the territory, to meet the needs of elderly, fragile people, often living alone;To support sustainable mobility and improve the usability of shared and public transport networks;To increase information available to the most vulnerable subjects;To create a uniform network of specialist care through innovative solutions and increase the access to specialist care in suburban, underserved areas;To support the development of information and telemedicine systems, to promote integrated care.
Key messages
The aim of the initiative is triggering a virtuous circle in which prevention, access to care/innovation and sustainability of healthy lifestyles are the result of integrated actions in the territory. The experience of Rome can inspire other metropolitan areas in implementing effective strategies to reduce the burden of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Baroni
- Dip. di Med. Sperimentale, Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Università Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - S da Empoli
- Istituto per la Competitività - I-COM and Health City Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - F Dotta
- Health City Institute, Rome and Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Frontoni
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata and Ospedale Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - L Morviducci
- Servizio di Diabetologia, Ospedale S. Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - A Lenzi
- Health City Institute, Rome, Italy
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14
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Vaccaro C, Addonisio A, Lenzi A, Napier D, Volkmann AM, Dotta F, Crialesi R, Frontoni S, Baroni M, Morviducci E. Diabetes vulnerability in Rome. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To understand the presence and impact of social and cultural factors on health vulnerability it is important for improving diabetes care and management. In fact, through the social dimension, it is possible to identify the priorities and attitudes towards diabetes and diabetes care among those living with the condition.
Methods
The study was carried out as part of the global Cities Changing Diabetes programme, involved a sample of individuals living with diabetes in the Rome metropolitan area and employed mixed-method and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis (survey, sorting procedure and focus group).
Results
Four specific sub-groups of participants have been identified, each with distinct but shared priorities and attitudes towards diabetes: Health conscious thanks to the context; Medicalized elderly people; Fatalistic citizens; Worried but undisciplined young people. The connection between the place where you live and the possibility to adopt a healthier lifestyle was confirmed. For these patients, the disease is mainly characterized by its relationship with food and its connections with psychological aspects are also relevant.
Conclusions
An important issue concerns information and the different understandings of diabetes. A clear need emerged for further elaboration of the various aspects of a disease that tends to be underestimated also by those who have it. Another aspect concerns the importance of the living environment and consequently of the actions on its urban planning, mobility, but also in everyday life organization, as factors that can make a difference in properly managing the disease. These results are very important to promote a joint action, that have to involve public and private stakeholders, in order to improve treatment opportunities and quality of life of people facing diabetes every day in the Rome metropolitan area.
Key messages
An important issue concerns information. A clear need emerged for further elaboration of the various aspects of a disease that tends to be underestimated also by those who have it. The living environment in important too and the actions on its urban planning, mobility, in everyday life organization, as factors that can make a difference in properly managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vaccaro
- Censis Foundation Rome, Rome, Italy
- Health City Institute, Rome, Italy
- Cities Changing Diabetes Programme, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A Lenzi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Health City Institute, Rome, Italy
- Cities Changing Diabetes Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - D Napier
- University College of London, London, UK
- Cities Changing Diabetes Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Volkmann
- University College of London, London, UK
- Cities Changing Diabetes Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - F Dotta
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Health City Institute, Rome, Italy
- Cities Changing Diabetes Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - R Crialesi
- ISTAT, Rome, Italy
- Health City Institute, Rome, Italy
- Cities Changing Diabetes Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - S Frontoni
- Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Health City Institute, Rome, Italy
- Cities Changing Diabetes Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Abstract
In the last decade, deep artificial neural networks have achieved astounding performance in many natural language-processing tasks. Given the high productivity of language, these models must possess effective generalization abilities. It is widely assumed that humans handle linguistic productivity by means of algebraic compositional rules: are deep networks similarly compositional? After reviewing the main innovations characterizing current deep language-processing networks, I discuss a set of studies suggesting that deep networks are capable of subtle grammar-dependent generalizations, but also that they do not rely on systematic compositional rules. I argue that the intriguing behaviour of these devices (still awaiting a full understanding) should be of interest to linguists and cognitive scientists, as it offers a new perspective on possible computational strategies to deal with linguistic productivity beyond rule-based compositionality, and it might lead to new insights into the less systematic generalization patterns that also appear in natural language. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baroni
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research, Paris, France
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16
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Orrù G, Baroni M, Cesari V, Conversano C, Hitchcott PK, Gemignani A. The effect of single and repeated tDCS sessions on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Arch Ital Biol 2020; 157:89-101. [PMID: 31821532 DOI: 10.12871/00039829201925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to update understanding of the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, since the last review was published in 2016. METHODS in order to identify suitable publications for inclusion, an online search of the Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane databases was carried out. Searches of relevant full-text articles were performed through specific keywords. The final database check was performed in July 2019. Papers were restricted to studies investigating motor rehabilitative effects of tDCS in adult patients with Parkinson's disease. Studies involving either single or repeated tDCS sessions with a sham or controlled trial type design (which incorporated outcomes on motor performance measures) were considered. As studies varied widely in terms of methodology, a qualitative analysis of the selected studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale or the Delphi list (depending on the study design). RESULTS twenty-nine studies were retained in this systematic review. Of the studies included, fifteen involved single tDCS session (patients = 256) and fourteen involved repeated tDCS sessions (patients = 294). Eight investigations of single tDCS and ten investigations of repeated tDCS demonstrated significant results. Studies involving multi- target stimulation demonstrated significant improvements on mobility (p=0.006), balance (by 50.9%), gait velocity (by 29%), fall reduction (p0.05) compared to mono-target stimulations. CONCLUSIONS despite increasing evidence that tDCS may improve motor symptoms, the results showed that fully optimized tDCS protocols are not yet established.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy - E-mail:
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17
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Gagliardo T, Gandini G, Gallucci A, Menchetti M, Bianchi E, Turba ME, Cauduro A, Corlazzoli DS, Gianni S, Baroni M, Bernardini M, Gentilini F. ABCB1 c.-6-180T>G polymorphism and clinical risk factors in a multi-breed cohort of dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. Vet J 2019; 253:105378. [PMID: 31685133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder in dogs. Approximately 20-30% of dogs do not achieve satisfactory seizure control with two or more anti-epileptic drugs at appropriate dosages. This condition, defined as refractory epilepsy, is a multifactorial condition involving both acquired and genetic factors. The P glycoprotein might play and important role in the pathophysiological mechanism and it is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. An association between a single nucleotide variation of the ABCB1 gene (c.-6-180T>G) and phenobarbital resistance has previously been reported in a Border collie population with idiopathic epilepsy. To date, the presence and relevance of this polymorphism has not been assessed in other breeds. A multicentre retrospective, case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between ABCB1 c.-6-180T>G, clinical variables, and refractoriness in a multi-breed population of dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. A secondary aim was to evaluate the possible involvement of the ABCB1 c.-6-180T>G single nucleotide variation this population. Fifty-two refractory and 50 responsive dogs with idiopathic epilepsy were enrolled. Of these, 45 refractory and 50 responsive (control) dogs were genotyped. The G allele was found in several breeds, but there was no evidence of association with refractoriness (P=0.69). The uncertain role of the c.-6-180T>G variation was further suggested by an association between the T/T genotype with both refractoriness and responsiveness in different breeds. Furthermore, high seizure density (cluster seizure) was the main clinical risk factor for refractory idiopathic epilepsy (P=0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gagliardo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy.
| | - G Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
| | - A Gallucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
| | - M Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
| | - E Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, 80 via Tiglio, Parma, PR 43100, Italy
| | - M E Turba
- Genefast, Bologna, 17/d via Castelfranco, Valsamoggia, BO 40053, Italy
| | - A Cauduro
- Neurovet Professional Association, 29 via Maestri del lavoro, Legnano, MI 20025, Italy
| | - D S Corlazzoli
- Roma Sud Veterinary Clinic, 24 via Pilade Mazza, Rome, RM 00173, Italy
| | - S Gianni
- Gran Sasso Veterinary Clinic, 26 via Donatello, Milan, MI 20131, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Valdinievole Veterinary Hospital, 123 via Nigra Costantino, Monsummano Terme, PT 51015, Italy
| | - M Bernardini
- Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 57/a via Roma, Zola Predosa, BO 40069, Italy
| | - F Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 50 via Tolara di sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO 40064, Italy
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18
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Ziliotto N, Zivadinov R, Baroni M, Marchetti G, Jakimovski D, Bergsland N, Ramasamy DP, Weinstock-Guttman B, Straudi S, Manfredini F, Ramanathan M, Bernardi F. Plasma levels of protein C pathway proteins and brain magnetic resonance imaging volumes in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:235-243. [PMID: 31408242 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The involvement of protein C (PC) pathway components in multiple sclerosis (MS) has scarcely been explored. The aim was to investigate their levels in relation to clinical and neurodegenerative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in patients. METHODS In all, 138 MS patients and 42 healthy individuals were studied. PC, protein S (PS) and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) were evaluated by multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Regression analyses between 3 T MRI outcomes and PC pathway components were performed. ancova was used to compare MRI volumes based on protein level quartiles. Partial correlation was assessed amongst levels of PC pathway components and hemostasis protein levels, including soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), heparin cofactor II (HCII), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and factor XII (FXII). The variation of PC concentration across four time points was evaluated in 32 additional MS patients. RESULTS There was an association between PC concentration, mainly reflecting the zymogen PC, and MRI measures for volumes of total gray matter (GM) (P = 0.003), thalamus (P = 0.007), cortex (P = 0.008), deep GM (P = 0.009) and whole brain (P = 0.026). Patients in the highest PC level quartile were characterized by the lowest GM volumes. Correlations of PC-HCII, PC-FXII and sEPCR-sTM values were detectable in MS patients, whilst PC-PS and PS-PAI-1 correlations were present in healthy individuals only. CONCLUSIONS Protein C plasma concentrations might be associated with neurodegenerative MRI outcomes in MS. Several differences in correlation amongst protein plasma levels suggest dysregulation of PC pathway components in MS patients. The stability of PC concentration over time supports a PC investigation in relation to GM atrophy in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ziliotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Neurology, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - N Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D P Ramasamy
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - S Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - F Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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19
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Zusi M, Paolinetti R, Corte VD, Marra G, Baroni M, Palumbo P, Cremonese G. Optical design of the High Resolution Imaging Channel of SIMBIO-SYS: publisher's note. Appl Opt 2019; 58:5310. [PMID: 31503630 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.005310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This publisher's note corrects several sections in Appl. Opt.58, 4059 (2019)1559-128X10.1364/AO.58.004059.
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Zusi M, Paolinetti R, Corte VD, Marra G, Baroni M, Palumbo P, Cremonese G. Optical design of the High Resolution Imaging Channel of SIMBIO-SYS. Appl Opt 2019; 58:4059-4069. [PMID: 31158159 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the optical design of the High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC), which is part of the spectrometers and imagers for the Mercury Planetary Orbiter BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS) suite, for imaging and spectroscopic investigation of Mercury. The optical design has been optimized to achieve the stringent scientific requirement of 5 m ground sampling at 400 km from the planet's surface in the harsh Mercury environment.
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Viera GM, Salomao KB, de Sousa GR, Baroni M, Delsin LEA, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. miRNA signatures in childhood sarcomas and their clinical implications. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1583-1623. [PMID: 30949930 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progresses in multimodal treatments have significantly improved the outcomes for childhood cancer. Nonetheless, for about one-third of patients with Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or osteosarcoma steady remission has remained intangible. Thus, new biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and the development of precision-targeted medicine remain imperative. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in the basic understanding of miRNAs function and in interpreting the contribution of their dysregulation to cancer development and progression. On this basis, this review focuses on what has been learned about the pivotal roles of miRNAs in the regulation of key genes implicated in childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Viera
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - K B Salomao
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - G R de Sousa
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - M Baroni
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - L E A Delsin
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - J A Pezuk
- Anhanguera University of Sao Paulo, UNIAN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - M S Brassesco
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil. .,Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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Baroni M, Serra R, Boccardi V, Ercolani S, Zengarini E, Casucci P, Valecchi R, Rinonapoli G, Caraffa A, Mecocci P, Ruggiero C. The orthogeriatric comanagement improves clinical outcomes of hip fracture in older adults. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:907-916. [PMID: 30715561 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of older adults with hip fracture is a healthcare challenge. Orthogeriatric comanagement that is an integrated model of care with shared responsibility improves time to surgery and reduces the length of hospital stay and mortality compared with orthopedic care with geriatric consultation service and usual orthopedic care, respectively. INTRODUCTION Treatment of fractures in older adults is a clinical challenge due partly to the presence of comorbidity and polypharmacy. The goal of orthogeriatric models of care is to improve clinical outcomes among older people with hip fractures. We compare clinical outcomes of persons with hip fracture cared according to orthogeriatric comanagement (OGC), orthopedic team with the support of a geriatric consultant service (GCS), and usual orthopedic care (UOC). METHODS This is a single-center, pre-post intervention observational study with two parallel arms, OGC and GCS, and a retrospective control arm. Hip fracture patients admitted to the trauma ward were assigned by the orthopedic surgeon to the OGC (n = 112) or GCS (n = 108) group. The intervention groups were compared each with others and both with the retrospective control group (n = 210) of older adults with hip fracture. Several clinical indicators are considered, including time to surgery, length of stay, in-hospital, and 1-year mortality. RESULTS Patients in the OGC (OR 2.62; CI 95% 1.40-4.91) but not those in the GCS (OR 0.74; CI 95% 0.38-1.47) showed a higher probability of undergoing surgery within 48 h compared with those in the UOC. Moreover, the OGC (β, - 1.08; SE, 0.54, p = 0.045) but not the GCS (β, - 0.79; SE, 0.53, p = 0.148) was inversely associated with LOS. Ultimately, patients in the OGC (OR 0.31; CI 95 % 0.10-0.96) but not those in the GCS (OR 0.37; CI 95% 0.10-1.38) experienced a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate compared with those in the UOC. All analyses were independent of several confounders. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with hip fracture taken in care by the OGC showed better clinical indicators, including time to surgery, length of stay and mortality, than those managed by geriatric consultant service or usual orthopedic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baroni
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Serra
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - V Boccardi
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Ercolani
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Zengarini
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Casucci
- Regional Direction for Health and Welfare Umbria Region, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Valecchi
- Medical Direction, Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Rinonapoli
- Orthopedic and Traumatologic Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Caraffa
- Orthopedic and Traumatologic Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Mecocci
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Ruggiero
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
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Tiraforti S, Cappelletti M, Lorenzini M, Biagini S, Baroni M. EP40 UNINTENTIONAL RETENTION OF FOREIGN OBJECTS IN SURGICAL SITES. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018. [DOI: 10.2459/01.jcm.0000549962.52540.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Ziliotto N, Bernardi F, Jakimovski D, Baroni M, Marchetti G, Bergsland N, Ramasamy DP, Weinstock-Guttman B, Schweser F, Zamboni P, Ramanathan M, Zivadinov R. Hemostasis biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1169-1176. [PMID: 29758118 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to investigate the plasma levels of hemostasis components in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their association with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes. METHODS In all, 138 MS patients [85 with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) and 53 with progressive MS (P-MS) with a mean age of 54 years; 72.5% female; median Expanded Disability Status Scale 3.5; mean disease duration 21 years] and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (HI) were studied. All subjects were examined with 3 T MRI and clinical examinations. Plasma levels of hemostasis factors [procoagulant, factor XII (FXII)] and inhibitors [tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thrombomodulin, heparin cofactor II, a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13 (ADAMTS13) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)] were evaluated by magnetic Luminex assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between hemostasis plasma levels and clinical and MRI outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Lower ADAMTS13 levels were found in MS patients compared to HI (P = 0.008) and in MS patients presenting with cerebral microbleeds compared to those without (P = 0.034). Higher PAI-1 levels were found in MS patients compared to HI (P = 0.02). TFPI levels were higher in the P-MS subgroup compared to RR-MS patients (P = 0.011) and compared to HI (P = 0.002). No significant associations between hemostasis plasma levels and clinical or MRI outcomes were found. CONCLUSIONS Decreased ADAMTS13, particularly in MS patients with cerebral microbleeds, which deserves further investigation, and increased PAI-1 and TFPI levels were observed in MS patients, which deserves further investigation. No relationship between hemostasis plasma levels and measures of disease severity was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ziliotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - F Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D P Ramasamy
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - B Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - F Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P Zamboni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Pinotti M, Marchetti G, Baroni M, Cinotti F, Morfini M, Bernardi F. Reduced Activation of the Gla19Ala FX Variant via the Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway Results in Symptomatic CRMred FX Deficiency. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWe characterized a symptomatic CRMred factor X (FX) deficiency produced by the Glu19Ala mutation in the γ-carboxyglutamic-rich domain. FX activity levels in plasma were markedly reduced in prothrombin time assays (< 1-5%), whereas in activated partial thromboplastin assays (16%) and in RVV assays (17%) the reduction in activity mirrored that in antigen levels (17%). Activation of recombinant 19Ala-FX by factor IXa/factor VIIIa or RVV, and the activity in thrombin generation assays, were comparable to those of wild-type FX. Differently, complete activation of recombinant 19AlaFX required a factor VIIa/TF concentration 30-fold higher than that of wild-type FX. The recombinant FVIIa significantly reduced PT values in 19Ala-FX reconstituted plasma, thus suggesting an alternative approach for treatment of FX deficiencies characterized by defective FX activation.The study of this FX deficiency provides an “in vivo” and “in vitro” model for the investigation of Gla domain interactions.
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Baroni M, Nava S, Quattrocchi G, Milazzo A, Giannattasio C, Roghi A, Pedrotti P. Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in suspected cardiac amyloidosis: late gadolinium enhancement pattern as mortality predictor. Neth Heart J 2017; 26:34-40. [PMID: 29058206 PMCID: PMC5758446 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-017-1046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has gained a central role in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). While the diagnostic role of a typical late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) pattern (global subendocardial enhancement coupled with accelerated contrast washout) has been identified, evidence is still conflicting regarding the prognostic role of such examination. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analysed all patients referring for CMR at Niguarda Hospital (Milan, Italy) from January 2006 to January 2015 for suspected CA. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We identified 42 patients and divided them into 2 groups, according to the presence (Group A) or absence (Group B) of a typical amyloidosis LGE pattern. At the end of the follow-up (median 37 months, interquartile range 10-50 months), 31 patients (74%) had died. The hazard ratio for all-cause death was 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-6.4, p < 0.01) for Group A versus Group B. Median survival time was 17 months (95% CI 7-42 months) for Group A and 70 months (95% CI 49-94 months) for Group B (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis did not find any adjunctive predictive role for biventricular volumes and ejection fraction, indexed left ventricular mass, transmitral E/e' at echocardiography, age at diagnosis or serum creatinine. CONCLUSION In our population, a typical LGE pattern was significantly associated with higher mortality. Moreover, patients with a typical LGE pattern showed a globally worse prognosis. Our data suggest that the LGE pattern may play a central role in prognostic stratification of patients with suspected CA, thus prompting further diagnostic and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baroni
- Cardiologia 3, A. De' Gasperis Heart Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
| | - S Nava
- Cardiologia 1, A. De' Gasperis Heart Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - G Quattrocchi
- Cardiologia 4, A. De' Gasperis Heart Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - A Milazzo
- Cardiologia 4, A. De' Gasperis Heart Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - C Giannattasio
- Cardiologia 4, A. De' Gasperis Heart Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy.,Health Science Department, Bicocca University, Milano, Italy
| | - A Roghi
- Cardiologia 4, A. De' Gasperis Heart Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - P Pedrotti
- Cardiologia 4, A. De' Gasperis Heart Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
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27
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Minato S, Baroni M. Chiari-like malformation in two cats. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:578-582. [PMID: 29027670 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two male, neutered, domestic, shorthaired cats were evaluated for progressive paresis and ataxia. Neurological examinations suggested a spinal cord lesion in each case. Complete blood examination and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were unremarkable in both cats. MRI revealed malformation of the occipital bone with herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum but without syringomyelia. Chiari-like malformation was suspected in both patients. MRI repeated one year later in both cats because of progression of clinical signs yielded the same findings as the initial scans. Foramen magnum decompression in one cat was associated with resolution of clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Minato
- Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Monsummano Terme, 51015, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Monsummano Terme, 51015, Italy
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Hérnandez-Orallo J, Baroni M, Bieger J, Chmait N, Dowe DL, Hofmann K, Martínez-Plumed F, Strannegård C, Thórisson KR. A New AI Evaluation Cosmos: Ready to Play the Game? AI MAG 2017. [DOI: 10.1609/aimag.v38i3.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We report on a series of new platforms and events dealing with AI evaluation that may change the way in which AI systems are compared and their progress is measured. The introduction of a more diverse and challenging set of tasks in these platforms can feed AI research in the years to come, shaping the notion of success and the directions of the field. However, the playground of tasks and challenges presented there may misdirect the field without some meaningful structure and systematic guidelines for its organization and use. Anticipating this issue, we also report on several initiatives and workshops that are putting the focus on analyzing the similarity and dependencies between tasks, their difficulty, what capabilities they really measure and – ultimately – on elaborating new concepts and tools that can arrange tasks and benchmarks into a meaningful taxonomy.
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Altieri F, Filacchione G, Capaccioni F, Carli C, Dami M, Tommasi L, Aroldi G, Borrelli D, Barbis A, Baroni M, Pastorini G, Ficai Veltroni I, Mugnuolo R. The pre-launch characterization of SIMBIO-SYS/VIHI imaging spectrometer for the BepiColombo mission to Mercury. II. Spectral calibrations. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:094503. [PMID: 28964217 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Visible and near Infrared Hyperspectral Imager (VIHI) is the VIS-IR spectrometer with imaging capabilities aboard the ESA BepiColombo mission to Mercury. In this second paper, we report the instrument spectral characterization derived by the calibration campaign carried out before spacecraft integration. Complementary measurements concerning radiometric and linearity responses, as well as geometric performances, are described in Paper I [G. Filacchione et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 094502 (2017)]. We have verified the VIHI spectral range, spectral dispersion, spectral response function, and spectral uniformity along the whole slit. Instrumental defects and optical aberrations due to smiling and keystone effects have been evaluated, and they are lower than the design requirement (<1/3 pixel). The instrumental response is uniform along the whole slit, while spectral dispersion is well represented by a second order curve, rather than to be constant along the spectral dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Altieri
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Filacchione
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - F Capaccioni
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - C Carli
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Dami
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - L Tommasi
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - G Aroldi
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - D Borrelli
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - A Barbis
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - G Pastorini
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - I Ficai Veltroni
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Italy
| | - R Mugnuolo
- ASI Italian Space Agency, Centro di Geodesia Spaziale, 75100 Matera, Italy
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Filacchione G, Capaccioni F, Altieri F, Carli C, Ficai Veltroni I, Dami M, Tommasi L, Aroldi G, Borrelli D, Barbis A, Baroni M, Pastorini G, Mugnuolo R. The pre-launch characterization of SIMBIO-SYS/VIHI imaging spectrometer for the BepiColombo mission to Mercury. I. Linearity, radiometry, and geometry calibrations. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:094502. [PMID: 28964236 DOI: 10.1063/1.4989968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Before integration aboard European Space Agency BepiColombo mission to Mercury, the visible and near infrared hyperspectral imager underwent an intensive calibration campaign. We report in Paper I about the radiometric and linearity responses of the instrument including the optical setups used to perform them. Paper II [F. Altieri et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 094503 (2017)] will describe complementary spectral response calibration. The responsivity is used to calculate the expected instrumental signal-to-noise ratio for typical observation scenarios of the BepiColombo mission around Mercury. A description is provided of the internal calibration unit that will be used to verify the relative response during the instrument's lifetime. The instrumental spatial response functions as measured along and across the spectrometer's slit direction were determined by means of spatial scans performed with illuminated test slits placed at the focus of a collimator. The dedicated optical setup used for these measurements is described together with the methods used to derive the instrumental spatial responses at different positions within the 3.5° field of view and at different wavelengths in the 0.4-2.0 μm spectral range. Finally, instrument imaging capabilities and Modulated Transfer Function are tested by using a standard mask as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianrico Filacchione
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Capaccioni
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Altieri
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Carli
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Ficai Veltroni
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Michele Dami
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tommasi
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aroldi
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Donato Borrelli
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Alessandra Barbis
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Marco Baroni
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Guia Pastorini
- Leonardo Company, via delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Florence, Campi Bisenzio, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mugnuolo
- ASI Italian Space Agency, Centro di Geodesia Spaziale, 75100 Matera, Italy
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Lazaridou A, Marelli M, Baroni M. Multimodal Word Meaning Induction From Minimal Exposure to Natural Text. Cogn Sci 2017; 41 Suppl 4:677-705. [PMID: 28323353 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By the time they reach early adulthood, English speakers are familiar with the meaning of thousands of words. In the last decades, computational simulations known as distributional semantic models (DSMs) have demonstrated that it is possible to induce word meaning representations solely from word co-occurrence statistics extracted from a large amount of text. However, while these models learn in batch mode from large corpora, human word learning proceeds incrementally after minimal exposure to new words. In this study, we run a set of experiments investigating whether minimal distributional evidence from very short passages suffices to trigger successful word learning in subjects, testing their linguistic and visual intuitions about the concepts associated with new words. After confirming that subjects are indeed very efficient distributional learners even from small amounts of evidence, we test a DSM on the same multimodal task, finding that it behaves in a remarkable human-like way. We conclude that DSMs provide a convincing computational account of word learning even at the early stages in which a word is first encountered, and the way they build meaning representations can offer new insights into human language acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Marelli
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Marco Baroni
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento
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Boccardi V, Baroni M, Paolacci L, Ercolani S, Longo A, Giordano M, Ruggiero C, Mecocci P. Anticholinergic Burden and Functional Status in Older People with Cognitive Impairment: Results from the Regal Project. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:389-396. [PMID: 28346565 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of drugs with intrinsic anticholinergic properties is widespread among old age persons. A growing body of evidences suggest that a high anticholinergic burden is associated with physical and cognitive impairment. However, the association between anticholinergic drug use and functional status is still poorly investigated, particularly among subjects with initial cognitive impairment. DESIGN Cross-sectional study examining the association between drug-related anticholinergic burden and functional status in cognitively healthy (CH) (n=691), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=541) or mild Alzheimer's diseases (AD) (n=1127) subjects. SETTING Data were gathered from the ReGAl project (Rete Geriatrica Alzheimer-Geriatric Network on Alzheimer's disease), a large longitudinal Italian multicentric clinical-based study, promoted by the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG). PARTICIPANTS 2359 outpatients, older than 65 years, admitted to memory clinics. The total sample size, estimated according to a global effect size of 25% with type I error of 0.05 and a power of 95% is 2010 subjects. MEASUREMENT Functional status was evaluated by the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales. The drug-related anticholinergic burden was estimated by the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS). RESULTS The 15.9 % (n=375) of total population used at least one drug with anticholinergic properties. Such a drug use was associated with partially dependence in ADL (OR:1.42, CI95%: 1.10-1.83; p=0.006), independently of gender, number of drugs, comorbidity index, presence of clinically relevant neuropsychiatric symptoms and adjusted MMSE. Anticholinergic drug use was associated with un-ability at each IADL task only in male MCI subjects, with significant impairment in shopping (p=0.011), and drug management (p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of medications with anticholinergic properties is common among older persons cognitively health as well as with cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that the use of anticholinergic drugs is associated with functional impairment, especially in old age subjects with initial cognitive impairment. Minimizing anticholinergic burden should result in maintaining daily functioning, especially in a vulnerable population, such as MCI and mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boccardi
- Dr Virginia Boccardi, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy. Phone number: +39 0755783524 Email address:
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Tremblay P, Deschamps I, Baroni M, Hasson U. Neural sensitivity to syllable frequency and mutual information in speech perception and production. Neuroimage 2016; 136:106-21. [PMID: 27184201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors affect our ability to decode the speech signal, including its quality, the complexity of the elements that compose it, as well as their frequency of occurrence and co-occurrence in a language. Syllable frequency effects have been described in the behavioral literature, including facilitatory effects during speech production and inhibitory effects during word recognition, but the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to examine, using functional neuroimaging, the neurobiological correlates of three different distributional statistics in simple 2-syllable nonwords: the frequency of the first and second syllables, and the mutual information between the syllables. We examined these statistics during nonword perception and production using a powerful single-trial analytical approach. We found that repetition accuracy was higher for nonwords in which the frequency of the first syllable was high. In addition, brain responses to distributional statistics were widespread and almost exclusively cortical. Importantly, brain activity was modulated in a distinct manner for each statistic, with the strongest facilitatory effects associated with the frequency of the first syllable and mutual information. These findings show that distributional statistics modulate nonword perception and production. We discuss the common and unique impact of each distributional statistic on brain activity, as well as task differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tremblay
- Université Laval, Département de Réadaptation, Québec City, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Deschamps
- Université Laval, Département de Réadaptation, Québec City, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marco Baroni
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences (CIMeC), Università Degli Studi di Trento, Via delle Regole, 101, I-38060 Mattarello, TN, Italy
| | - Uri Hasson
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences (CIMeC), Università Degli Studi di Trento, Via delle Regole, 101, I-38060 Mattarello, TN, Italy
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Salvadori C, Tartarelli CL, Baroni M, Mizisin A, Cantile C. Peripheral Nerve Pathology in Two Rottweilers with Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration. Vet Pathol 2016; 42:852-5. [PMID: 16301586 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-6-852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in young Rottweiler dogs is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by neuronal vacuolation of several nuclei in the central nervous system and degeneration of the spinal cord white matter. Here, we describe the morphologic and ultrastructural findings in laryngeal muscles and peripheral nerves of a 16-week-old female and a 32-week-old female Rottweiler dog affected by progressive ataxia and tetraparesis associated with laryngeal paralysis. Lesions were characterized by neurogenic muscle atrophy of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, and a loss of large myelinated fibers in the recurrent laryngeal nerve, accompanied by demyelinating/remyelinating features affecting the small myelinated fibers. No significant changes were detected in the cranial laryngeal, vagus, phrenic, ulnar, or peroneal nerves. These findings were indicative of a selective distal neuropathy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve with early severe axonal degeneration, mainly of the large myelinated fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salvadori
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Animal Pathology, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, I-56124, Italy.
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Delbary-Gossart S, Lee S, Baroni M, Lamarche I, Arnone M, Canolle B, Lin A, Sacramento J, Salegio EA, Castel MN, Delesque-Touchard N, Alam A, Laboudie P, Ferzaz B, Savi P, Herbert JM, Manley GT, Ferguson AR, Bresnahan JC, Bono F, Beattie MS. A novel inhibitor of p75-neurotrophin receptor improves functional outcomes in two models of traumatic brain injury. Brain 2016; 139:1762-82. [PMID: 27084575 PMCID: PMC4892754 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important in multiple physiological actions including neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth during development, and after central nervous system injury. We have discovered a novel piperazine-derived compound, EVT901, which interferes with p75 neurotrophin receptor oligomerization through direct interaction with the first cysteine-rich domain of the extracellular region. Using ligand binding assays with cysteine-rich domains-fused p75 neurotrophin receptor, we confirmed that EVT901 interferes with oligomerization of full-length p75 neurotrophin receptor in a dose-dependent manner. Here we report that EVT901 reduces binding of pro-nerve growth factor to p75 neurotrophin receptor, blocks pro-nerve growth factor induced apoptosis in cells expressing p75 neurotrophin receptor, and enhances neurite outgrowth in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EVT901 abrogates p75 neurotrophin receptor signalling by other ligands, such as prion peptide and amyloid-β. To test the efficacy of EVT901 in vivo, we evaluated the outcome in two models of traumatic brain injury. We generated controlled cortical impacts in adult rats. Using unbiased stereological analysis, we found that EVT901 delivered intravenously daily for 1 week after injury, reduced lesion size, protected cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes, and had a positive effect on neurological function. After lateral fluid percussion injury in adult rats, oral treatment with EVT901 reduced neuronal death in the hippocampus and thalamus, reduced long-term cognitive deficits, and reduced the occurrence of post-traumatic seizure activity. Together, these studies provide a new reagent for altering p75 neurotrophin receptor actions after injury and suggest that EVT901 may be useful in treatment of central nervous system trauma and other neurological disorders where p75 neurotrophin receptor signalling is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangmi Lee
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marco Baroni
- 3 Sanofi Research, Exploratory Unit, Via Gaetano Sbodio 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabelle Lamarche
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Michele Arnone
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Benoit Canolle
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Amity Lin
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sacramento
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ernesto A Salegio
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marie-Noelle Castel
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | | | - Antoine Alam
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Patricia Laboudie
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Badia Ferzaz
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Pierre Savi
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Herbert
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Adam R Ferguson
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Bresnahan
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Françoise Bono
- 1 Evotec, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Michael S Beattie
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Martinelli N, Girelli D, Baroni M, Guarini P, Sandri M, Lunghi B, Tosi F, Branchini A, Sartori F, Woodhams B, Bernardi F, Olivieri O. Activated factor VII-antithrombin complex predicts mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:655-66. [PMID: 27061056 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentration of activated factor VII (FVIIa)-antithrombin (AT) complex has been proposed as an indicator of intravascular exposure of tissue factor. OBJECTIVES The aims of this observational study were to evaluate (i) FVIIa-AT plasma concentration in subjects with or without coronary artery disease (CAD) and (ii) its association with mortality in a prospective cohort of patients with CAD. METHODS FVIIa-AT levels were measured by elisa in 686 subjects with (n = 546) or without (n = 140) angiographically proven CAD. Subjects with acute coronary syndromes and those taking anticoagulant drugs at the time of enrollment were excluded. CAD patients were followed for total and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS There was no difference in FVIIa-AT levels between CAD (84.8 with 95% confidence interval [CI] 80.6-88.2 pmol L(-1) ) and CAD-free subjects (83.9 with 95% CI 76.7-92.8 pmol L(-1) ). Within the CAD population, during a 64-month median follow-up, patients with FVIIa-AT levels higher than the median value at baseline (≥ 79 pmol L(-1) ) had a two-fold greater risk of both total and cardiovascular mortality. Results were confirmed after adjustment for sex, age, the other predictors of mortality (hazard ratio for total mortality: 2.05 with 95% CI 1.22-3.45, hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality 1.94 with 95% CI 1.01-3.73, with a slight improvement of C-statistic over traditional risk factors), FVIIa levels, drug therapy at discharge, and even patients using all the usual medications for CAD treatment. High FVIIa-AT levels also correlated with increased thrombin generation. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that plasma concentration of FVIIa-AT is a thrombophilic marker of total and cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with clinically stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Girelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Guarini
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Sandri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - B Lunghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Tosi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Sartori
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - F Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Vecchi EM, Marelli M, Zamparelli R, Baroni M. Spicy Adjectives and Nominal Donkeys: Capturing Semantic Deviance Using Compositionality in Distributional Spaces. Cogn Sci 2016; 41:102-136. [DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Vecchi
- Computer Laboratory; University of Cambridge
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences; University of Trento
| | - Marco Marelli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences; University of Trento
| | | | - Marco Baroni
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science; University of Trento
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Branchini A, Baroni M, Burini F, Puzzo F, Nicolosi F, Mari R, Gemmati D, Bernardi F, Pinotti M. The carboxyl-terminal region is NOT essential for secreted and functional levels of coagulation factor X. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1468-74. [PMID: 26083275 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homologous coagulation factor X (FX), VII (FVII), IX (FIX) and protein C (PC) display striking differences in the carboxyl-terminus, with that of FX being the most extended. This region is essential for FVII, FIX and PC secretion. OBJECTIVES To provide experimental evidence for the role of the FX carboxyl-terminus. METHODS Recombinant FX (rFX) variants were expressed in multiple eukaryotic cell systems. Protein and activity levels were evaluated by ELISA, coagulant and amidolytic assays. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Expression of a panel of progressively truncated rFX variants in HEK293 cells revealed that the deletion of up to 21 residues in the carboxyl-terminus did not significantly affect secreted protein levels, as confirmed in HepG2 and BHK21 cells. In contrast, chimeric rFX-FVII variants with swapped terminal residues showed severely reduced levels. The truncated rFX variants revealed normal amidolytic activity, suggesting an intact active site. Intriguingly, these variants, which included that resembling the activated FXβ form once cleaved, also displayed remarkable or normal pro-coagulant capacity in PT- and aPTT-based assays. This supports the hypothesis that subjects with nonsense mutations in the FX carboxyl-terminus, so far never identified, would be asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we demonstrate that the FX carboxyl-terminal region downstream of residue K467 is not essential for secretion and provides a modest contribution to pro-coagulant properties. These findings, which might suggest an involvement of the carboxyl-terminal region in the divergence of the homologous FX, FVII, FIX and PC, help to interpret the mutational pattern of FX deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Burini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Puzzo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Nicolosi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Mari
- Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Haematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Gemmati
- Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Haematology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Anderson AJ, Bruni E, Lopopolo A, Poesio M, Baroni M. Reading visually embodied meaning from the brain: Visually grounded computational models decode visual-object mental imagery induced by written text. Neuroimage 2015; 120:309-22. [PMID: 26188260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embodiment theory predicts that mental imagery of object words recruits neural circuits involved in object perception. The degree of visual imagery present in routine thought and how it is encoded in the brain is largely unknown. We test whether fMRI activity patterns elicited by participants reading objects' names include embodied visual-object representations, and whether we can decode the representations using novel computational image-based semantic models. We first apply the image models in conjunction with text-based semantic models to test predictions of visual-specificity of semantic representations in different brain regions. Representational similarity analysis confirms that fMRI structure within ventral-temporal and lateral-occipital regions correlates most strongly with the image models and conversely text models correlate better with posterior-parietal/lateral-temporal/inferior-frontal regions. We use an unsupervised decoding algorithm that exploits commonalities in representational similarity structure found within both image model and brain data sets to classify embodied visual representations with high accuracy (8/10) and then extend it to exploit model combinations to robustly decode different brain regions in parallel. By capturing latent visual-semantic structure our models provide a route into analyzing neural representations derived from past perceptual experience rather than stimulus-driven brain activity. Our results also verify the benefit of combining multimodal data to model human-like semantic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew James Anderson
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Elia Bruni
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Poesio
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy; University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Marco Baroni
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
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Marelli M, Baroni M. Affixation in semantic space: Modeling morpheme meanings with compositional distributional semantics. Psychol Rev 2015; 122:485-515. [DOI: 10.1037/a0039267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Baroni M, Pavani G, Pinotti M, Branchini A, Bernardi F, Camire RM. Asymmetric processing of mutant factor X Arg386Cys reveals differences between intrinsic and extrinsic pathway activation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1854:1351-6. [PMID: 26012870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in coagulation factor X (FX) activation, mediated by the extrinsic VIIa/tissue factor (FVIIa/TF) or the intrinsic factor IXa/factor VIIIa (FIXa/FVIIIa) complexes, can result in hemorrhagic/prothrombotic tendencies. However, the molecular determinants involved in substrate recognition by these enzymes are poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of arginine 386 (chymotrypsin numbering c202), a surface-exposed residue on the FX catalytic domain. The naturally occurring FX386Cys mutant and FX386Ala variant were characterized. Despite the unpaired cysteine, recombinant (r)FX386Cys was efficiently secreted (88.6±21.3% of rFXwt) and possessed normal clearance in mice. rFX386Cys was also normally activated by FVIIa/TF and displayed intact amidolytic activity. In contrast, rFX386Cys activation by the FIXa/FVIIIa complex was 4.5-fold reduced, which was driven by a decrease in the kcat (1.6∗10(-4) s(-1) vs 5.8∗10(-4) s(-1), rFXwt). The virtually unaltered Km (70.6 nM vs 55.6nM, rFXwt) suggested no major alterations in the FX substrate exosite. Functional assays in plasma supplemented with rFX386Cys indicated a remarkable reduction in the thrombin generation rate and thus in coagulation efficiency. Consistently, the rFX386Ala variant displayed similar biochemical features suggesting that global changes at position 386 impact the intrinsic pathway activation. These data indicate that the FXArg386 is involved in FIXa/FVIIIa-mediated FX activation and help in elucidating the bleeding tendency associated with the FX386Cys in a rare FX deficiency case. Taking advantage of the unpaired cysteine, the rFX386Cys mutant may be efficiently targeted by thiol-specific ligands and represent a valuable tool to study FX structure-function relationships both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - G Pavani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Center for Cell and Molecular Therapeutics, and Division of Hematology, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - R M Camire
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Center for Cell and Molecular Therapeutics, and Division of Hematology, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ridolo E, Montagni M, Riario-Sforza GG, Baroni M, Incorvaia C. Combination therapy with indacaterol and glycopyrronium bromide in the management of COPD: an update on the evidence for efficacy and safety. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2015; 9:49-55. [PMID: 25691493 DOI: 10.1177/1753465815572065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The international guidelines on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recommend inhaled bronchodilators for maintenance treatment of the disease. These drugs include β2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists, which are both available as short-acting agents (to be used as needed for dyspnea) and long-acting agents. To the latter belong salmeterol and formoterol (long-acting β2-agonists) and indacaterol, vilanterol and olodaterol (very long-acting β2-agonist) as β2-agonists, and tiotropium, aclidinium and glycopyrronium bromide as long-acting muscarinic antagonists. The efficacy and safety of indacaterol and glycopyrronium as monotherapies has been demonstrated in several controlled trials. However, in some patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, symptoms are poorly controlled by bronchodilator monotherapy; in these cases the addition of a second bronchodilator from a different pharmacological class may be beneficial. Here we review the evidence from published randomized trials concerning the efficacy and safety of the once-daily fixed-dose dual bronchodilator combining indacaterol and glycopyrronium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Ridolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Montagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Baroni
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ICP Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Ferrucci L, Baroni M, Ranchelli A, Lauretani F, Maggio M, Mecocci P, Ruggiero C. Interaction between bone and muscle in older persons with mobility limitations. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3178-97. [PMID: 24050165 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of bone-muscle mass and strength. When the decline in mass and strength reaches critical thresholds associated with adverse health outcomes, they are operationally considered geriatric conditions and named, respectively, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia share many of the same risk factors and both directly or indirectly cause higher risk of mobility limitations, falls, fractures and disability in activities of daily living. This is not surprising since bones adapt their morphology and strength to the long-term loads exerted by muscle during anti-gravitational and physical activities. Non-mechanical systemic and local factors also modulate the mechanostat effect of muscle on bone by affecting the bidirectional osteocyte-muscle crosstalk, but the specific pathways that regulate these homeostatic mechanisms are not fully understood. More research is required to reach a consensus on cut points in bone and muscle parameters that identify individuals at high risk for adverse health outcomes, including falls, fractures and disability. A better understanding of the muscle-bone physiological interaction may help to develop preventive strategies that reduce the burden of musculoskeletal diseases, the consequent disability in older persons and to limit the financial burden associated with such conditions. In this review, we summarize age-related bone-muscle changes focusing on the biomechanical and homeostatic mechanisms that explain bone-muscle interaction and we speculate about possible pathological events that occur when these mechanisms become impaired. We also report some recent definitions of osteoporosis and sarcopenia that have emerged in the literature and their implications in clinical practice. Finally, we outline the current evidence for the efficacy of available anti-osteoporotic and proposed antisarcopenic interventions in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Ruggiero
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06100, Perugia, Italy.
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Piccinino C, Sola D, Pastore F, Marino P, Ranjbar S, Karvandi M, Hassantash S, Karvandi M, Ranjbar S, Tierens S, Remory I, Bala G, Gillis K, Hernot S, Droogmans S, Cosyns B, Lahoutte T, Tran N, Poelaert J, Al-Mallah M, Alsaileek A, Nour K, Celeng C, Horvath T, Kolossvary M, Karolyi M, Panajotu A, Kitslaar P, Merkely B, Maurovich Horvat P, Aguiar Rosa S, Ramos R, Marques H, Portugal G, Pereira Da Silva T, Rio P, Afonso Nogueira M, Viveiros Monteiro A, Figueiredo L, Cruz Ferreira R. Poster session 6. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:ii235-ii264. [PMCID: PMC4453635 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
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Meani P, Cesana F, Panzeri F, Frigerio L, Giupponi L, Baroni M, Stucchi M, Alloni M, Moreo A, Brambilla P, Signorini S, Giannattasio C. IL-18 predicts cardiac organ damage in a population of hypertensive patients. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baroni M, Fedatto P, Andrade A, Suazo V, Queiroz R, Tone L, Scrideli C. 206: GDF15 knockdown induces resistance to temozolomide treatment in glioblastoma cell line. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Olivieri O, Martinelli N, Baroni M, Branchini A, Girelli D, Friso S, Pizzolo F, Bernardi F. C0401: Factor II Activity is Similarly Increased in Patients with Elevated Apolipoprotein CIII and in Carriers of the Factor II 20210A Allele. Thromb Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martinelli N, Girelli D, Baroni M, Guarini P, Tosi F, Lunghi B, Woodhams B, Bernardi F, Olivieri O. C0398: Activated Factor VII-Antithrombin Complex Plasma Concentration is a Predictor of Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and its Prognostic Significance is Improved by Using Factor VII Genotype-Specific Threshold Levels. Thromb Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Verbs and nouns are fundamental units of language, but their neural instantiation remains poorly understood. Neuropsychological research has shown that nouns and verbs can be damaged independently of each other, and neuroimaging research has found that several brain regions respond differentially to the two word classes. However, the semantic-lexical properties of verbs and nouns that drive these effects remain unknown. Here we show that the most likely candidate is predication: a core lexical feature involved in binding constituent arguments (boy, candies) into a unified syntactic-semantic structure expressing a proposition (the boy likes the candies). We used functional neuroimaging to test whether the intrinsic "predication-building" function of verbs is what drives the verb-noun distinction in the brain. We first identified verb-preferring regions with a localizer experiment including verbs and nouns. Then, we examined whether these regions are sensitive to transitivity--an index measuring its tendency to select for a direct object. Transitivity is a verb-specific property lying at the core of its predication function. Neural activity in the left posterior middle temporal and inferior frontal gyri correlates with transitivity, indicating sensitivity to predication. This represents the first evidence that grammatical class preference in the brain is driven by a word's function to build predication structures.
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