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Montevecchi M, Valeriani L, Bellanova L, Stefanini M, Zucchelli G. In-vitro comparison of two different toothbrush bristles about peri-implant sulcus penetration. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:465-470. [PMID: 37721091 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this preclinical study was to compare the ability of tapered and cylindrical bristles to penetrate the peri-implant sulcus. METHODS A full mandibular dental arch was reproduced in plaster cast. In site #3.6 a hollow glass cylinder was positioned simulating a 4 mm diameter implant and the gingival component was recreated by using dedicated silicone. A Bass brushing technique was performed from the vestibular side in humid environment. During it, the penetration of the bristles between the gum and the implant was recorded by mean of an optic fibre fixed inside the cylinder. The protocol included 5 toothbrushes per group and 10 tests per toothbrush, for a total of 50 assessments for each of the two groups. A scale of 5 grades for bristle penetration was defined: grade 0 (× < 2 mm), grade 1 (2 ≤ × < 3 mm), grade 2 (3 ≤ × < 4 mm), grade 3 (4 ≤ × < 5 mm) and grade 4 (5 ≤ × < 8 mm). From the video recordings the highest value of penetration was identified for each test. RESULTS The tapered bristles showed an 8 times greater penetration capacity (p = 0.001) in respect to the cylindrical bristles (multilevel analysis). The percentage of tests reaching depths ≥3 mm was 86% for tapered group and 28% for the cylindrical group. CONCLUSION This preclinical study shows a clear and superior penetration capacity of the tapered bristles in respect to traditional cylindrical ones. For tapered bristles, a potentially greater hygienic efficacy around dental implants is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leoluca Valeriani
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bellanova
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Stefanini
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zucchelli
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Montevecchi M, Desimini FP, Sforza N, Bagattoni S, Piana G. Role of dental training and distance of the observer on the perception of apically shifted gingival margin with increased vertical tooth size in the esthetic zone. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:171-176. [PMID: 36415147 PMCID: PMC9932252 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of the gingival contour on the smile esthetics. The influence of size, symmetry, teeth involved in apically shifted gingival margins, and the distance and clinical training of the observer were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups were identified: 33 first-year dental students (inexperienced) and 40 last-year students (trained). Each observer expressed four evaluations on four different images assigning a score from 0 to 10. Using a picture of an "ideal" female smile, 10 variants were virtually created by shifting (2 and 4 mm) the gingival contour apically at different sites of the upper incisors and canines. A total of 292 evaluations were collected. RESULTS Considering a score >6 for a "pleasant smile," only one 4 mm single alteration at the canine gingival contour obtained an insufficient score. "Observational distance" and "clinical training" did not influence the final score, while size and symmetry of alterations displayed a significant role. CONCLUSIONS The dental training of the observer and a close interpersonal distance seemed to be irrelevant in the esthetic perception of gingival margin alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum—University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Nicola Sforza
- Private PracticeCOS Centro Odontoiatrico SforzaBolognaItaly
| | - Simone Bagattoni
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum—University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Gabriela Piana
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum—University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Checchi V, Montevecchi M, Valeriani L, Checchi L. Bioburden Variation of Filtering Face Piece Respirators over Time: A Preliminary Study. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8790. [PMID: 36556594 PMCID: PMC9785761 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial contamination of a respirator can be evaluated through a count of the number of bacteria living on a non-sterilized surface (bioburden). This preliminary study investigated the external contamination of two different FFP2s over time by studying the bioburden values in increasing exposure times. METHODS FFP2 respirators of two different brands were used during routine clinical settings and examined through the bioburden test; for each brand, three devices were tested at 8, 16, and 30 h. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between mask brands (p = 0.113). There were only significant CFU differences between each mask and its control (p = 0.027 and p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Both brands of respirators were found to be contaminated and this contamination increased with the increase in exposure time. Further studies are needed to investigate the exact amount of contamination that could be considered acceptable before discarding each used mask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Checchi
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Montevecchi
- Unit of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leoluca Valeriani
- Unit of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Checchi
- Unit of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
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Montevecchi M, Marucci G, Pignataro B, Piana G, Alessandri-Bonetti G, Checchi V. Bone Modeling after Orthodontic Extrusion: A Histomorphometric Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247329. [PMID: 36555945 PMCID: PMC9781502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During osteogenesis and bone modeling, high vascularity and osteoblastic/osteoclastic cell activity have been detected. A decrease in this activity is a sign of complete bone formation and maturation. Alveolar bone maturation seems to occur within weeks and months; however, the precise timing of the alveolar bone modeling is still unknown. The aim of this clinical pilot study was to investigate the bone modeling of neo-apposed tissue during orthodontic extrusive movements, through a histomorphometric analysis of human biopsies. This study was conducted on third mandibular molars sockets, and all teeth were extracted after orthodontic extrusion between 2010 and 2014. After different stabilization timings, extractions were performed, and a specimen of neo-deposed bone was harvested from each socket for the histomorphometric analysis. Histological parameters were evaluated to identify bone quantity and quality. This study included 12 teeth extracted from 9 patients. All specimens were composed of bone tissue. Bone samples taken after 1 and 1.5 months of stabilization presented remarkable percentages of woven bone, while after 2 months, a relevant decrease was observed. Histomorphometric analysis suggested that after orthodontic extrusion, a period of stabilization of 2 months allows the neo-deposed bone to mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40100 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriela Piana
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Checchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Unit of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Bagattoni S, Lardani L, Cappiello MC, Gatto MR, Montevecchi M, Piana G. Development and validation of the Italian version of the 'Parental Perceptions of Silver Diamine Fluoride Dental Color Changes' questionnaire. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:169-175. [PMID: 33978985 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The original English version of the questionnaire 'Parental Perceptions of SDF Dental Color Changes' was used among parents in the New York City metropolitan area. AIM To develop an Italian version of the questionnaire and to assess its validity. DESIGN The construct validity and the internal consistency were assessed in a convenience sample of Italian parents of 251 young healthy children seen at the University of Bologna and Pisa. Forward-backward technique was carried out for the translation of the questionnaire. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was equal to 0.91, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was statistically significant (P = .001), so the items were treated with the exploratory principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.95. PCA demonstrates that all the items load on the first component (87% of explained variance). All the Spearman correlation coefficients between each subscale (positive scenario: 0.563; negative scenario: 0.665) and the general acceptability showed significant correlation (P = .0001). Different age, educational level, and family income of the parents did not produce statistically significant different scores on any of the subscales (P > .05; Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION The Italian version of the questionnaire showed high internal consistency and construct validity and was appropriate to be used in an Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bagattoni
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Unit of Dental Care for Special Needs Patients and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Lardani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Dental and Oral Surgery Clinic, Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cappiello
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Unit of Dental Care for Special Needs Patients and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gatto
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Unit of Dental Care for Special Needs Patients and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montevecchi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Unit of Dental Care for Special Needs Patients and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Piana
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Unit of Dental Care for Special Needs Patients and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Montevecchi M, Valeriani L, Gatto MR, D'Alessandro G, Piana G. Subgingival pathogens in chronic periodontitis patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective case-control study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2021; 51:409-421. [PMID: 34965620 PMCID: PMC8718332 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2100180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and bacterial load of 6 main periodontal pathogens between pairs of periodontal patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans genotypes were also investigated. Methods Twenty patients affected by chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes were retrospectively selected and matched to 20 patients without diabetes on the basis of the degree and severity of periodontal disease. Microbiological data of subgingival biofilms were analysed and compared for the examined pathogens: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia. Results The pairs were balanced in terms of demographic and clinical parameters, except for bleeding on probing and suppuration. In the microbiological test sites (4 for each patient), the mean probing pocket depth was 6.34±1.63 mm in patients with diabetes and 6.41±1.78 mm in patients without diabetes. No significant difference between pairs in the prevalence of P. gingivalis or the distribution of its genotypes was recorded. Patients with diabetes had a significantly greater amount of total bacterial load, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with diabetes had a higher number of sites with a greater cell count than patients without diabetes. When compared to the total bacterial load, only T. forsythia maintained its relative load in patients with diabetes (P=0.001). Conclusions This retrospective matched study supports the hypothesis that microbiological differences exist among periodontal patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03786133
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Leoluca Valeriani
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gatto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Alessandro
- Dentistry Service for Patients with Special Needs, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Piana
- Dentistry Service for Patients with Special Needs, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bianco LL, Montevecchi M, Ostanello M, Checchi V. Recognition and treatment of peri-implant mucositis: Do we have the right perception? A structured review. Dent Med Probl 2021; 58:545-554. [PMID: 34962364 DOI: 10.17219/dmp/136359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant mucositis is a common inflammatory lesion of the soft tissues surrounding endosseous implants, with no loss of the supporting bone. Its prevention or early diagnosis are vital for dental implant success.The aim of this review was to investigate knowledge strengths and gaps in clinicians' perceptions of periimplant mucositis prevalence and evidence for successful treatment.A literature search for articles published until 2020, reporting on the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and its treatment was performed in standard online databases. The inclusion criteria were as follows: studies in English; studies with an available abstract; studies on humans with at least 1 dental implant; and studies reporting on the prevalence and/or treatment of peri-implant mucositis. Sixty-five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The included papers were analyzed to identify data on the prevalence and treatment of peri-implant mucositis. The prevalence statistics for peri-implant mucositis had wide ranges in both the patient-based (PB) analysis and the implant-based (IB) analysis; the possible reasons for these wide ranges are discussed. Treatment methods for peri-implant mucositis were analyzed individually and compared to the management of gingivitis.It was determined that the currently available information on the prevalence rates and the standardized therapeutic protocols for peri-implant mucositis are insufficient. Since the mean gingivitis and peri-implant mucositis prevalence rates in the PB analysis were similar, it is possible that peri-implant mucositis is underestimated due to variables related to implant rehabilitation itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lo Bianco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montevecchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Ostanello
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Checchi
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Carli G, Farsi A, Bormioli S, Ridolo E, Fassio F, Pucci S, Montevecchi M, Riparbelli M, Cosmi L, Parronchi P, Rossi O. Management of patients with severe asthma: results from a survey among allergists and clinical immunologists of the Central Italy Inter-Regional Section of SIAAIC. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:22. [PMID: 34872572 PMCID: PMC8647303 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma, and severe asthma in particular, is often managed within a specialized field with allergists and clinical immunologists playing a leading role. In this respect, the National Scientific Society SIAAIC (Società Italiana di Allergologia, Asma ed Immunologia Clinica), structured in Regional and Inter-Regional sections, interviewed a large number of specialists involved in the management of this respiratory disease. Methods A survey entitled “Management of patients with asthma and severe asthma” based on 17 questions was conducted through the SIAAIC newsletter in 2019 thanks to the collaboration between GlaxoSmithKline S.p.A. and the Inter-Regional Section of SIAAIC of Central Italy. Results Fifty-nine allergists and clinical immunologists participated to the survey, and 40 of them completed the entire questionnaire. Almost all of the specialists (88%) reported that asthma control was achieved in above 50% of their patients, even if only one third (32%) actually used validated clinical tools such as asthma control test (ACT). Poor adherence to inhaled therapy was recognized as the main cause of asthma control failure by 60% of respondents, and 2–5 min on average is dedicated to the patient inhaler technique training by two-thirds of the experts (65%). Maintenance and as-needed therapy (SMART/MART) is considered an appropriate approach in only a minority of the patients (25%) by one half of the respondents (52%). A high number of exacerbations despite the maximum inhalation therapy were recognized as highly suspicious of severe asthma. Patients eligible for biological therapies are 3–5% of the patients, and almost all the responders (95%) agreed that patients affected by severe asthma need to be managed in specialized centers with dedicated settings. Biological drugs are generally prescribed after 3–6 months from the initial access to the center, and once started, the follow-up is initially programmed monthly, and then every 3–6 months after the first year of treatment (96% of responders). After phenotyping and severity assessment, comorbidities (urticaria, chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps, vasculitis, etc.) are the drivers of choice among the different biological drugs. In the management of severe asthma, general practitioners (GPs) should play a central role in selecting patients and referring them to specialized centers while Scientific Societies should train GPs to appropriately recognize difficult asthma and promote public disease awareness campaigns. Conclusions This survey which collects the point of view of allergists and clinical immunologists from Central Italy highlights that asthma control is still not measured with validated instruments. There is a general consensus that severe asthma should be managed only in dedicated centers and to this aim it is essential to encourage patient selection from a primary care setting and develop disease awareness campaigns for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carli
- SOS Allergologia ed Immunologia, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - A Farsi
- SOS Allergologia ed Immunologia, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - S Bormioli
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD Immunoallergologia, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - E Ridolo
- Dept. Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Fassio
- SOC Allergologia ed Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - S Pucci
- OUC Allergologia, PO Civitanova Marche, Civitanova Marche, MC, Italy
| | | | | | - L Cosmi
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD Immunologia e Terapie cellulari, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - P Parronchi
- Dept. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. .,SOD Immunologia e Terapie cellulari, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
| | - O Rossi
- SOD Immunoallergologia, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Vocale C, Montevecchi M, D'Alessandro G, Gatto M, Piana G, Nibali L, Re MC, Sambri V. Subgingival periodontal pathogens in Down syndrome children without periodontal breakdown. A case-control study on deciduous teeth. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:309-313. [PMID: 35034460 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2021.22.04.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Down syndrome is the most common form of aneuploidia compatible with a long survival. The affected subjects are more susceptible to severe early-onset periodontal disease and show a lower risk to develop dental caries than the non-affected population. This study investigated the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of deciduous teeth in children with Down syndrome without signs of periodontal breakdown. METHODS Thirty children suffering from Down syndrome and 46 matched healthy subjects were studied. A total of 228 subgingival plaque samples from deciduous teeth were separately collected and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction assays. CONCLUSION In absence of periodontal impairment, Down syndrome children display a clear presence of periodontal pathogens already in the deciduous dentition. The hypothesis of an intrinsic predisposing condition is here supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vocale
- Unit of Microbiology, Regional Reference Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Montevecchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Unit of Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G D'Alessandro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Unit of Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Gatto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Unit of Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Piana
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Unit of Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry and Oral Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M C Re
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Sambri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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D'Alessandro G, Bagattoni S, Montevecchi M, Piana G. Rapid maxillary expansion on oral breathing children: effects on tongue location, hyoid position and breathing. A pilot study. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021; 70:97-102. [PMID: 34124873 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.21.04290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral breathing and downward tongue position are generally associated with transverse hypo-development of the upper maxilla. Rapid maxillary expansion aims to expand the upper maxilla transversely. This pilot retrospective clinical study evaluates the effects of rapid maxillary expansion therapy on the resting position of the tongue, on the position of the hyoid bone and on clinical respiratory pattern in a group of mouth breathing patients with mono- or bilateral cross-bites due to transversal deficits of the maxilla. METHODS A total of 39 prepubertal oral breathing subjects with posterior cross-bite (mean age 8.5 year) have been studied. Before (T0) and after treatment (T1), changes in the position of the hyoid bone and tongue were evaluated by comparing latero-lateral radiographs (TLL), while the modification of respiratory patterns by a clinical and anamnestic assessment. RESULTS After the treatment, the dorsum of tongue moved closer to the palatine vault, the position of the hyoid bone did not undergo significant variations and the respiratory pattern clinically improved in 64% of subjects. CONCLUSIONS In patients in early stages of oral respiratory development, rapid maxillary expansion promoted correct tongue position but did not produce significant changes in the position of the hyoid bone. It has been observed a general improvement of the breathing pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Alessandro
- Dental Service for Disabled Patients, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy -
| | - Simone Bagattoni
- Dental Service for Disabled Patients, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montevecchi
- Dental Service for Disabled Patients, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Piana
- Dental Service for Disabled Patients, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Montevecchi M, Valeriani L, Franchi L, Sforza NM, Piana G. Evaluation of Floss Remnants After Implant Flossing in Three Different Implant Conditions: A Preclinical Study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2021; 36:569-573. [PMID: 34115073 DOI: 10.11607/jomi.8350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate whether implant flossing could leave floss residues in three different implant-prosthetic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an anatomical model, three different conditions were studied: correct connection between the implant and abutment and complete insertion of the implant threads into the plaster (control group); misfit of approximately 220 to 230 μm between the implant platform and abutment in the absence of any thread exposure (misfit group); partial exposure of implant threads but absence of misfit (thread group). Twenty-one microstructured tapered threaded implants were divided among the three groups. Each sample was subjected to a flossing procedure using spongy floss, standardized in terms of movement, frequency, time, and pressure. Subsequently, a stereomicroscope examination with a standardized magnification of 10× was performed in order to highlight the possible presence of floss residues on the implant surface. RESULTS No floss residue was ever detected for the control group. Both misfit and thread groups showed floss residues that were discernible in two different types: microfilaments and amorphous particles. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference for the presence of floss remnants between the control group and the other two experimental groups (P = .005). No difference was observed between the misfit and thread groups. CONCLUSION This study shows that exposed threads and misfit can induce the release of floss residues during maintenance procedures.
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Checchi V, Montevecchi M, Checchi L. Variation of Efficacy of Filtering Face Pieces Respirators over Time in a Dental Setting: A Pilot Study. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9040036. [PMID: 33805002 PMCID: PMC8063922 DOI: 10.3390/dj9040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since aerosol continuously persists in dental settings, where different procedures and patients come in succession, the use of oronasal masks is highly recommended. Among them, respirators known as Filtering Face Pieces (FFP) show a protective superiority compared to surgical masks. Even concerning respirators classified as non-reusable, it is not known how many hours of use are necessary to compromise their filtering capacity. The aim of this study is to investigate the variations of filtering capacity of an FFP2 respirator over time, in order to safely optimize the timing of its use. Five respirators were worn by the same operator during clinical activity for different usage times (8, 16, 24, 32, 40 h), and one respirator was kept unused. All respirators underwent a bacterial filtration efficacy (BFE) test. T-test for paired data with Bootstrap technique and Wilcoxon test for paired data compared BFE values of the five tested FFP2s respectively at each time, and the areas with the corresponding values of the control respirator (FFp2-F). A generalized linear mixed effect model (GLM) was applied considering type of respirator and time as fixed effects and intercept as random effect. No significant statistical differences were present in the BFE of each time. Data obtained by the present study highlight the important ability of FFP2s to maintain their BFE over time, suggesting a long lasting protective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Checchi
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Montevecchi
- Unit of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Checchi
- Unit of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (L.C.)
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13
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Montevecchi M, Checchi L. Pseudomembrane diffuse a estensione dento-alveolare. Dental Cadmos 2016. [DOI: 10.19256/d.cadmos.08.2016.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Montevecchi M, Parrilli A, Fini M, Gatto MR, Muttini A, Checchi L. The influence of root surface distance to alveolar bone and periodontal ligament on periodontal wound healing. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2016; 46:303-319. [PMID: 27800213 PMCID: PMC5083814 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2016.46.5.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this animal study was to perform a 3-dimensional micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis in order to investigate the influence of root surface distance to the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament on periodontal wound healing after a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure. METHODS Three adult Sus scrofa domesticus specimens were used. The study sample included 6 teeth, corresponding to 2 third mandibular incisors from each animal. After coronectomy, a circumferential bone defect was created in each tooth by means of calibrated piezoelectric inserts. The experimental defects had depths of 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm, with a constant width of 2 mm. One tooth with no defect was used as a control. The defects were covered with a bioresorbable membrane and protected with a flap. After 6 months, the animals were euthanised and tissue blocks were harvested and preserved for micro-CT analysis. RESULTS New alveolar bone was consistently present in all experimental defects. Signs of root resorption were observed in all samples, with the extent of resorption directly correlated to the vertical extent of the defect; the medial third of the root was the most commonly affected area. Signs of ankylosis were recorded in the defects that were 3 mm and 7 mm in depth. Density and other indicators of bone quality decreased with increasing defect depth. CONCLUSIONS After a GTR procedure, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone appeared to compete in periodontal wound healing. Moreover, the observed decrease in bone quality indicators suggests that intrabony defects beyond a critical size cannot be regenerated. This finding may be relevant for the clinical application of periodontal regeneration, since it implies that GTR has a dimensional limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna School of Dentistry, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Milena Fini
- Preclinical and Surgical Studies Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gatto
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna School of Dentistry, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelio Muttini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Teramo University, Teramo, Italy
| | - Luigi Checchi
- Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna School of Dentistry, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Checchi V, Montagno Cappuccinello C, Montevecchi M, Checchi L. Revisione della letteratura sull’utilizzo del rivelatore di placca nelle procedure di igiene orale. Dental Cadmos 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(16)30076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Montevecchi M, De Blasi V, Checchi L. Is Implant Flossing a Risk-Free Procedure? A Case Report with a 6-year Follow-up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2016; 31:e79-83. [PMID: 27183086 DOI: 10.11607/jomi.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Montevecchi M, Angelini F, Checchi V, Gatto MR, Checchi L. Microbiological Distribution of Six Periodontal Pathogens Between Untreated Italian and Dutch Periodontal Patients. Oral Health Prev Dent 2016; 14:329-37. [PMID: 26870849 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a35618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare prevalence and microbial load of six periodontal pathogens between Italian and Dutch patients affected by chronic periodontitis, using oligonucleotide probe technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival plaque samples data from 352 Italians and 115 Dutch periodontal patients were analysed and compared. Bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, age, gender, ethnicities and smoking habits were recorded. Presence and level of bacterial species were determined by realtime polymerase chain reaction under the identical microbiological protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test and binary unconditional logistic regression (α = 0.05). RESULTS Between populations, only Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis differed significantly, being more prevalent in the Italian group (p = 0.0001). Except for Tannerella forsythia, all bacterial loads differed significantly: Treponema denticola (p = 0.0001) and Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.001) were higher in Italians, while Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.001), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.03) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.001) were higher in Dutch patients. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in prevalence and bacterial load of periodontal pathogens exist between Italian and Dutch patients affected by chronic periodontitis. The microbiological profile, and particularly the bacterial load of pathogens, varied significantly between populations.
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Gatto MR, Montevecchi M, Paolucci M, Landini MP, Checchi L. Prevalence of six periodontal pathogens in subgingival samples of Italian patients with chronic periodontitis. New Microbiol 2014; 37:517-524. [PMID: 25387289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the subgingival prevalence of six periodontal pathogens in 352 Italian patients with chronic periodontitis. Possible correlations with clinical parameters, age, gender and smoking status were also investigated. At first visit a pooled subgingival plaque sample was obtained for each subject by using the paper-point method. The samples were processed and analysed according to a commercially available quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assay (Meridol® Perio Diagnostics, GABA International, Switzerland). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) were investigated. Fn resulted the most frequently detected (95%) while Tf showed the highest load (12x105 cells/plaque sample). Aa was the less represented bacteria for load and presence. Bacterial load of Pg, Td, Tf and Fn showed a direct correlation to Bleeding On Probing (BOP) and presence of suppuration (p=0.0001). The bacterial load was always directly correlated to Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) (p=0.0001). Among the investigated variables, PPD resulted the most important risk indicator for periodontal pathogens. BOP appeared as a risk indicator for Td, Tf, Pg detection. Few studies have described the microbiological pattern of chronic periodontal disease in the Italian population. Considering the different forms of periodontitis, similar investigations in other countries are needed to disclose any microbiological differences among populations, which may lead to more specific approaches to prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Gatto
- Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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Montevecchi M, Incerti Parenti S, Checchi V, Palumbo B, Checchi L, Alessandri Bonetti G. Periodontal healing after 'orthodontic extraction' of mandibular third molars: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:1137-41. [PMID: 24774723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated periodontal healing of mandibular second molars following 'orthodontic extraction' of adjacent impacted third molars, under the null hypothesis that there would be no difference in probing pocket depths (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) at the distal aspect of second molars before and after treatment. A retrospective survey was conducted of 64 patients who consecutively underwent 'orthodontic extraction' of mandibular third molars in close anatomical relationship with the mandibular canal from January 1997 to January 2011. Age, smoking habit, and PPD and CAL at the distal aspect of second molars before and after treatment were recorded. A statistically significant difference was found in PPD and CAL before and after treatment for the overall sample and for the sample classified by age (>25 or ≤25 years), smoking habit (smoker or non-smoker), and type of third molar impaction (horizontal, mesioangular, or vertical). Median PPD and CAL reductions amounted to 6mm and 5mm, respectively. The null hypothesis was rejected and orthodontic extraction proved to be indicated for those impacted mandibular third molars at high risk of a postoperative periodontal defect at the distal aspect of the adjacent second molar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montevecchi
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - V Checchi
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - B Palumbo
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Checchi
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Montevecchi M, Marucci G, Dorigo A, Checchi L. Permanent mucosal discoloration correlated to magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite: A case report. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Montevecchi M, Dorigo A, Cricca M, Checchi L. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of an ozonated oil with chlorhexidine digluconate and povidone-iodine. A disk diffusion test. New Microbiol 2013; 36:289-302. [PMID: 23912871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ozonated oils are antiseptics obtained from the chemical reaction between ozone and unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of a commercially available ozonated oil (O3-Oil), in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and 10% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) through a disk diffusion test. For each antiseptic a series of two-fold dilutions was made, obtaining seven dilutions: 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64 and 1:128. The undiluted antiseptics and the seven dilutions were tested against two freeze-dried bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). O3-Oil showed significantly greater diameters of growth inhibition (p<0.01) than CHX and PVP-I in all dilutions for both tested strains. CHX lost any antibacterial efficacy when diluted more than 1:32. At the highest dilution, the diameters of growth inhibition against Sa were 20.67±0.58 mm and 15.33±0.58 mm, for O3-Oil and PVP-I, respectively. At the same dilution, the diameters of growth inhibition against Pg were: 19.00 mm for O3-Oil and 13.67±0.58 mm for PVP-I. The promising results obtained for the O3-Oil, against the opportunistic Sa, and Pg, one of the main periodontal pathogens, suggest its potential applicability for periodontal treatment. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum
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Checchi L, Montevecchi M, Felice P, Checchi V. Il cuneo distale retromolare: tecniche chirurgiche a confronto. Dental Cadmos 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(13)70039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Checchi L, Montevecchi M, Violante F, Raimondo D, Legnani P, Checchi V. Le regole di gestione dello studio odontoiatrico: rischio biologico e sicurezza sul lavoro. Dental Cadmos 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Montevecchi M, Checchi V, Gatto MR, Klein S, Checchi L. The use of a disclosing agent during resective periodontal surgery for improved removal of biofilm. Open Dent J 2012; 6:46-50. [PMID: 22371815 PMCID: PMC3282890 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601206010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total removal of the bacterial deposits is one of the main challenges of periodontal therapy. A surgical approach is sometimes required in order to allow a correct access to the areas not thoroughly reached during the initial therapy. The present study focuses on the surgical scaling effectiveness in root deposits removal; the potential support of a disclosing agent during this procedure is also evaluated. Forty surgical periodontal patients were randomly divided between surgeries where the operator was informed about a final examination of the residual root deposits and surgeries where the operator was not informed. Straight after scaling procedures a supervisor recorded the O'Leary Plaque Index of the exposed roots by mean of a disclosing agent and the percentage of teeth with residual biofilm. After the stained deposits removal, a second chromatic examination was performed and new data were collected. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test for paired samples were used for comparisons respectively between the two surgery groups and the first and the second chromatic examination; one-sided p-value was set at 0.05. At first examination no significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding Plaque Index (p=0.24) and percentages of teeth with residual biofilm (p=0.07). The 100% removal of roots deposits was never achieved during the study but a significant reduction of 80% of root deposits was observed between first and second examination (p=0.0001). Since root deposits removal during periodontal surgery resulted always suboptimal, the use of a disclosing agent during this procedure could be a useful and practical aid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Checchi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,
Italy
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Montevecchi M, Checchi V, Bonetti GA. Management of a deeply impacted mandibular third molar and associated large dentigerous cyst to avoid nerve injury and improve periodontal healing: case report. J Can Dent Assoc 2012; 78:c59. [PMID: 22673220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As dentigerous cysts increase in size, the risk of postsurgical complications increases as well. Emphasis is usually placed on the risk of neurologic damage caused by trauma during and after surgical removal and of mandibular fracture resulting from the large residual bone defect. However, influence on the periodontal status of neighbouring teeth should also be taken into account. In this article, we present an interdisciplinary, safe, minimally invasive approach to treating large dentigerous cysts associated with deeply impacted third molars. A dentigerous cyst is an epithelial-lined pathologic cavity that develops in association with the crown of an unerupted tooth and appears radiographically as a well-circumscribed pericoronal radiolucency. The cyst not only inhibits the eruption of the associated tooth (usually, a mandibular third molar), but can also carry it to unusual positions in the jaw. Dentigerous cysts may enlarge causing extensive bone resorption and even pathologic fracture. The greater the size of the cyst, the higher the risk of neurologic damage caused by trauma during and after surgical removal and of mandibular fracture resulting from the postoperative bone defect.7,8 Moreover, the removal of large cysts can lead to a severe infrabony defect at the root surface of adjacent teeth, jeopardizing their long-term periodontal health. "Orthodontic extraction" is a combined orthodontic-surgical approach that decreases the risk of neurologic complications and facilitates the surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars that are in close contact with the mandibular canal, even when associated with cystic lesions.13 This case report shows that the interdisciplinary approach is also effective in preventing periodontal breakdown on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar.
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Montevecchi M, Checchi V, Piana L, Checchi L. Variables Affecting the Gingival Embrasure Space in Aesthetically Important Regions: Differences between Central and Lateral Papillae. Open Dent J 2011; 5:126-35. [PMID: 21892365 PMCID: PMC3162192 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601105010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated different variables to determine their role in the appearance of the central and lateral upper jaw papillae. 292 interdental embrasures were examined. Personal variables were: age, smoke, and use of interproximal hygiene devices. The clinical characteristics were: tooth shape, periodontal biotype and papilla appearance. Radiographic measurements were: root to root distance at the cemento-enamel junction (horizontal distance), and bone crest to interdental contact point distance (vertical distance). The papilla recession increased with patient age. The horizontal distance of the central papilla was always greater (up to 1 mm) than that of the other papillae. The vertical distance of the central papilla was greater (up to 2 mm) than that of the other papillae for each class except for the normal one (Nordland & Tarnow classification). For vertical distances ≤5 mm, papillae were almost always present; for distances up to 6 mm, the lateral papillae belonging to the normal class disappeared, while the central papilla remained in 11% of cases; central papillae of class 1 were present in larger proportions until a vertical distance of 8 mm. The present observational study shows that differences on clinical and radiographic determinants do exist between central and lateral papillae. This variance should be strictly taken in account for a harmonious and stable treatment outcome on this highly aesthetic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Alessandri Bonetti G, Incerti Parenti S, Daprile G, Montevecchi M. Failure after closed traction of an unerupted maxillary permanent canine: Diagnosis and treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 140:121-5. [PMID: 21724096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the treatment of a 13-year-old girl with unerupted maxillary permanent canines. It illustrates how recognizing an unexpected problem influenced the decision-making process. Despite 6 months of closed-eruption traction, the left canine had not erupted. However, the neighboring teeth were intruded, suggesting a diagnosis of canine ankylosis. When the site was surgically reopened, the wire chain used for the orthodontic traction appeared to be osseointegrated. It was renewed, and traction was applied for another 16 months, and the tooth was successfully brought into the arch. Bone tissue passing through the chain might have prevented forced eruption. In young patients with unerupted maxillary permanent canines, failure of closed traction can be attributed to ankylosis, and this accounts for tooth extraction as the treatment of choice. However, this clinical report suggests that additional measures might be warranted before the definitive diagnosis of ankylosis can be made and the tooth extracted.
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Checchi V, Savarino L, Montevecchi M, Felice P, Checchi L. Clinical-radiographic and histological evaluation of two hydroxyapatites in human extraction sockets: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 40:526-32. [PMID: 21282040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
After tooth extraction the healing process involves bone resorption and soft tissue contraction, events that can compromise the ideal implant placement with functional and aesthetic limitations. Following tooth extraction, a socket preservation technique can limit bone resorption. This study evaluated two different types of hydroxyapatite (HA) grafting materials placed into fresh extraction sockets, 6 months after tooth extraction, histologically, clinically and radiographically. Ten extraction sockets from 10 patients were divided in two groups: 5 sockets received a biomimetic HA and 5 received nanocrystalline HA. After 6 months, before implant placement, samples from the grafted area were harvested and evaluated clinically, radiographically and histologically. The percentages of bone, osteoid areas and residual material in the two groups were not statistically different. All samples showed great variability with extensive bone formation and total material resorption or amounts of osteoid tissue that filled the spaces between the residual material particles. The authors did not find any differences between biomimetic and nanocrystalline HA and assume that, within the limits of this study, both these materials could be applied into fresh extraction sockets to limit bone resorption. A control material and a much larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Checchi
- Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Sciences, Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 6, Naples, Italy.
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Checchi L, Montevecchi M, Checchi V, Zappulla F. The relationship between bleeding on probing and subgingival deposits. An endoscopical evaluation. Open Dent J 2009; 3:154-60. [PMID: 19672332 PMCID: PMC2724644 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600903010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bleeding on probing (BOP) is an indicator of tissue inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens. Due to anatomical limitations, the entity and physical state of microbial aggregations located under the gingival margin and their relations to BOP have been hardly investigated till now. The recent introduction of the endoscopy has allowed clinicians to observe the subgingival environment in a non-traumatic way. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between BOP and subgingival deposits by using this new technology. Methods: 107 teeth (642 individual sites) from 16 periodontal patients, treated with scaling and root planing, were evaluated for plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), endoscopic biofilm index (EBI), and endoscopic calculus index (ECI) at one-month revaluation. Results: A linear association between BOP and PD, EBI, and ECI was detected. The BOP provided a high level of specificity but quite low sensitivity values both for ECI (sensitivity 40%, specificity 86%) and EBI (sensitivity 37%, specificity 89%). The BOP sensitivity was directly linked to the amount of subgingival deposits. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a direct relationship between BOP and presence/amount of subgingival deposits. More investigations on larger samples are, however, needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Checchi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna. Bologna, Italy.
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Checchi L, Montevecchi M, Checchi V, Bonetti GA. A modified papilla preservation technique, 22 years later. Quintessence Int 2009; 40:303-311. [PMID: 19417875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The contour of the interdental tissues, as well as the color and texture of the keratinized tissues, are essential elements of anterior esthetics. Tissue loss in the interproximal regions, with related esthetic concerns, phonetic difficulties, and food impaction, can occur for a variety of reasons, including treatment of periodontal diseases. In periodontal surgical procedures, the soft tissues require elevation and resection to gain access to the root surfaces and osseous supporting structures. Compromised esthetics in the anterior region of the mouth could be a serious consequence of periodontal surgical procedures. Several articles have been devoted to flap designs and surgical techniques to maintain full papillary form and preserve the soft tissues during surgical access. Unfortunately, very little evidence of long-term results is available. The aims of the present article are to report a 22-year follow-up case of surgical interdental papilla preservation, discuss the anatomic variables that conditioned the outcome, and review and compare existing surgical techniques for maintaining the interproximal soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Checchi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Mele M, Zucchelli G, Montevecchi M, Checchi L. Bilaminar technique in the treatment of a deep cervical abrasion defect. INT J PERIODONT REST 2008; 28:63-71. [PMID: 18351204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
New materials (restorative and adhesive) for the treatment of cervical abrasions have produced better results in terms of esthetics (choice and stability of colors) and duration (marginal fit and wear resistance). Nevertheless, conservative restoration of cervical abrasion cannot be considered the most suitable treatment in certain clinical situations: (1) when the abrasion defect involves the root surface, either exclusively or primarily; (2) when a site has difficult esthetic demands resulting from excessive tooth length with gingival recession; and (3) in the presence of root caries. The aim of this case report is to describe the application of the bilaminar technique to treat a deep cervical abrasion associated with a recession-type defect. The bilaminar surgical approach shown here consisted of a connective tissue graft covered by a coronally advanced pedicle flap. The connective tissue graft was placed inside the root concavity to compensate the abrasion space and to prevent soft tissue flap collapse internally. The graft, by acting as a "biologic filler" or space maintainer inside the concave abrasion area, stabilized the covering flap and helped restore a correct tooth emergence profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mele
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, University of Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this single-blind clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of an innovative manual toothbrush versus a traditional one. METHODS The toothbrushes were randomly assigned to 30 volunteers in a student population of the Dental School of the University of Bologna, Italy, divided into 15 test and 15 control subjects. A clinical examination assessing Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI) and buccal Gingival Recessions was performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. During the baseline examination, each subject received dental debridement, oral hygiene instructions and a standard kit containing: three standard tubes of toothpaste, 1 hourglass (2 min) and one plaque disclosing solution; each subject of the test group received three innovative toothbrushes, while each subject of the control group received three traditional toothbrushes. RESULTS During the 6 months of observation both groups presented a PI and GI decrease. A more evident improvement of both indices was observed in the test group (PI P = 0.0001, GI P = 0.0001). The greatest part of recessions remained stable (0-3 months: 70% test group, 60% control group and 3-6 months: 86% test group, 94% control group). Some amplitude modifications (0.5 mm) were mainly detected in the first 3 months (control group chi(2) = 17.55, P = 0.0001 and test group chi(2) = 3.31, P = 0.07). They always increased in the control group and decreased in the study group. CONCLUSIONS The innovative manual toothbrush is more likely to be effective in reducing PI and GI compared to the traditional one and widely safe on periodontal tissues during the period of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Checchi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Bruno D, Ciardelli G, Civera P, Gamba L, Mandrile R, Montevecchi M. Externally triggered polymeric microcapsules for controlled drug delivery. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Checchi L, Montevecchi M, Moreschi A, Graziosi F, Taddei P, Violante FS. Efficacy of three face masks in preventing inhalation of airborne contaminants in dental practice. J Am Dent Assoc 2005; 136:877-82. [PMID: 16060468 PMCID: PMC7093848 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-to-date studies are needed on the protection provided by face masks used by dentists. We assessed the relative filtering efficacy of two currently used surgical face masks (one a molded mask, the other a tie-on mask) and a certified personal particulate respirator, all made by a single manufacturer. METHODS The authors sprayed bicarbonate particulate against a porcelain surface (representing the patient's mouth) and collected it via a mannequin head (representing the dentist's head) placed 40 centimeters away and a tube with two airflow rates (0.5 cubic meters per hour and 9 m3/hour). They calculated the dry residue weight. They performed three separate runs for each mask and three runs with no mask at the two airflow rates with and without aerosol. RESULTS With no mask (control), the authors recorded significant weight gains at both airflow rates with and without vaporization. With vaporization, the three masks were associated with different dry residue weights (P < .03 with the Kruskal-Wallis test at both flow rates), the respirator propviding the lowest amount. The respirator provided an efficiency of 94 to 96 percent, compared with 90 to 92 percent and 85 to 86 percent for the molded and tie-on surgical masks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data provide independent evidencependent evidence that a certified personalthat a certified personal respirator can be more effective than high quality surgical masks in dental settings. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Dentists should be aware that a certified particulate respirator can provide them with superior filtering protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Checchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Vin San Vitale, Italy.
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Checchi L, Marini I, Montevecchi M. A technique to remove epulis: case reports. INT J PERIODONT REST 2004; 24:470-5. [PMID: 15506028 DOI: 10.11607/prd.00.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe an alternative surgical approach to removing epulis while preserving and improving the mucogingival complex. After scaling and root planing, six patients underwent surgical treatment to remove the growths. A subepithelial connective tissue graft was interposed between the bone and epulis using a pedicle flap. The lesion was always preserved. The epulis disappeared after several months, with minor variations in healing time among patients. At 60-month follow-up visits, all patients exhibited good gingival health, with no recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Checchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of manual and electric toothbrushes has a fundamental role in primary prevention in oral hygiene. However, aggressive use of the toothbrush, especially those with non-rounded filaments, can result in lesions in both soft and hard oral tissue. Without doubt, the electric toothbrush is a useful aid for the patient, and it is therefore interesting to evaluate not only its effectiveness in plaque removal, but also the relationship between morphology of filaments and incidence of muco-gingival pathologies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to evaluate various forms of bristles of electric toothbrushes under a stereomicroscope vision. DATA SOURCES Brushes tested included two samples of toothbrushes from six different types. Tufts from the same position on the toothbrush head were removed and examined under stereomicroscope. In this study the percentage of rounded filaments that is considered acceptable and non-traumatic was evaluated according to the Silverstone and Featherstone classification. CONCLUSIONS Morphological analysis of electric toothbrush filaments revealed a low percentage of rounded filaments. In only four of 12 electric toothbrushes tested there were more than 50% of the filaments rounded in appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Checchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Monaco G, Montevecchi M, Bonetti GA, Gatto MRA, Checchi L. Reliability of panoramic radiography in evaluating the topographic relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted third molars. J Am Dent Assoc 2004; 135:312-8. [PMID: 15058618 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors conducted a study to evaluate the predictive value of five radiographic markers on the panoramic radiograph, or PR, to point out the relationship between the mandibular canal and the impacted third molar. METHODS The authors evaluated the accuracy of the radiographic markers by comparing the PR with an axial computed tomographic, or CT, scan. They identified a sample of 73 third molars that showed a close relationship between the tooth roots and the mandibular canal on the PR, and then classified them on the basis of five radiographic markers. They also detected contact between the third molar and the mandibular canal on the CT scan. RESULTS The distribution of the five radiographic markers was as follows: 37 teeth exhibited increased radiolucency, 13 exhibited superimposition, 14 exhibited interruption of the radiopaque border, 14 exhibited narrowing of the canal and seven exhibited diversion of the canal. In 11 cases, two or more markers were recognizable. The predictive values of a positive test result were as follows: increased radiolucency, 73 percent; superimposition, 38.5 percent; interruption of the radiopaque border, 71.4 percent; narrowing, 78.6 percent; and diversion, 100 percent. The authors detected contact in all of the cases that exhibited two or more markers. CONCLUSION Increased radiolucency, narrowing and interruption of the radiopaque border, as well as the concomitant presence of two or more radiographic markers, on the PR were highly predictive of contact between the third molar and the mandibular canal. An axial CT scan probably is indicated in such cases. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of this study may lead to some guidelines for oral surgeons evaluating whether to obtain an axial CT scan for further investigation after examining an impacted mandibular third molar via PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Monaco
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Italy
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Scala A, Checchi L, Montevecchi M, Marini I, Giamberardino MA. Update on burning mouth syndrome: overview and patient management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003; 14:275-91. [PMID: 12907696 DOI: 10.1177/154411130301400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain syndrome that mainly affects middle-aged/old women with hormonal changes or psychological disorders. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, often idiopathic, and its etiopathogenesis remains largely enigmatic. The present paper discusses several aspects of BMS, updates current knowledge, and provides guidelines for patient management. There is no consensus on the diagnosis and classification of BMS. The etiopathogenesis seems to be complex and in a large number of patients probably involves interactions among local, systemic, and/or psychogenic factors. In the remaining cases, new interesting associations have recently emerged between BMS and either peripheral nerve damage or dopaminergic system disorders, emphasizing the neuropathic background in BMS. Based on these recent data, we have introduced the concepts of "primary" (idiopathic) and "secondary" (resulting from identified precipitating factors) BMS, since this allows for a more systematic approach to patient management. The latter starts with a differential diagnosis based on the exclusion of both other orofacial chronic pain conditions and painful oral diseases exhibiting muco-sal lesions. However, the occurrence of overlapping/overwhelming oral mucosal pathologies, such as infections, may cause difficulties in the diagnosis ("complicated BMS"). BMS treatment is still unsatisfactory, and there is no definitive cure. As a result, a multidisciplinary approach is required to bring the condition under better control. Importantly, BMS patients should be offered regular follow-up during the symptomatic periods and psychological support for alleviating the psychogenic component of the pain. More research is necessary to confirm the association between BMS and systemic disorders, as well as to investigate possible pathogenic mechanisms involving potential nerve damage. If this goal is to be achieved, a uniform definition of BMS and strict criteria for its classification are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scala
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy.
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Tampieri A, Celotti G, Landi E, Montevecchi M, Roveri N, Bigi A, Panzavolta S, Sidoti MC. Porous phosphate-gelatine composite as bone graft with drug delivery function. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2003; 14:623-627. [PMID: 15348425 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024027125003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of porous phosphate-gelatine composite implant which mimicks the structure of natural bone and has drug delivery function is proposed. Gelatine reproducing the proteinaceous part of bone was cross-linked in order to modulate its solubility in the physiologic fluids. The kinetic of gelatine release from ceramic matrix was also evaluated as model of the release of any therapeutic compound which can be loaded into gelatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tampieri
- ISTEC-CNR, via Granarolo, 64-48018 Faenza (RA), Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In this retrospective study, the efficacy of periodontal therapy and maintenance in preventing tooth loss was evaluated. METHODS The study included 92 patients with 2310 teeth diagnosed with chronic adult periodontitis and observed over a mean period of 6.7 years, with each patient receiving surgical therapy in two or more quadrants. The group was divided into two subgroups: those who complied with the recommended maintenance schedule and those whose compliance was erratic. Individual tooth prognosis was assigned according to radiographic parameters. RESULTS At the completion of active periodontal therapy, 2184 teeth were present. During the maintenance period, 44 teeth were lost due to periodontal reasons. Tooth mortality revealed a mean annual adjusted tooth loss rate of 0.07/year. Molars were the teeth most frequently lost; canines the least. The number of teeth lost in the three prognostic categories was: one (0.07%) for teeth with good prognoses, 21 (3.63%) for questionable prognoses and 22 (11.34%) for hopeless prognoses. Patients complying erratically with supportive periodontal therapy were at a 5.6 times greater risk for tooth loss following active therapy than regularly compliant patients. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated a low tooth mortality rate in periodontal patients following active treatment combined with a strict maintenance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Checchi
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Italy.
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