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Memedovski R, Preza M, Müller J, Kämpfer T, Rufener R, de Souza MVN, da Silva ET, de Andrade GF, Braga S, Uldry AC, Buchs N, Heller M, Lundström-Stadelmann B. Investigation of the mechanism of action of mefloquine and derivatives against the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023; 21:114-124. [PMID: 36921443 PMCID: PMC10025029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by infection with the fox tapeworm E. multilocularis. The disease affects humans, dogs, captive monkeys, and other mammals, and it is caused by the metacestode stage of the parasite growing invasively in the liver. The current drug treatment is based on non-parasiticidal benzimidazoles. Thus, they are only limitedly curative and can cause severe side effects. Therefore, novel and improved treatment options for AE are needed. Mefloquine (MEF), an antimalarial agent, was previously shown to be effective against E. multilocularis in vitro and in experimentally infected mice. However, MEF is not parasiticidal and needs improvement for successful treatment of patients, and it can induce strong neuropsychiatric side-effects. In this study, the structure-activity relationship and mode of action of MEF was investigated by comparative analysis of 14 MEF derivatives. None of them showed higher activity against E. multilocularis metacestodes compared to MEF, but four compounds caused limited damage. In order to identify molecular targets of MEF and effective derivatives, differential affinity chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was performed with two effective compounds (MEF, MEF-3) and two ineffective compounds (MEF-13, MEF-22). 1'681 proteins were identified that bound specifically to MEF or derivatives. 216 proteins were identified as binding only to MEF and MEF-3. GO term enrichment analysis of these proteins and functional grouping of the 25 most abundant MEF and MEF-3 specific binding proteins revealed the key processes energy metabolism and cellular transport and structure, as well as stress responses and nucleic acid binding to be involved. The previously described ferritin was confirmed as an exclusively MEF-binding protein that could be relevant for its efficacy against E. multilocularis. The here identified potential targets of MEF will be further investigated in the future for a clear understanding of the pleiotropic effects of MEF, and improved therapeutic options against AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Memedovski
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matías Preza
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kämpfer
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto Rufener
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Emerson Teixeira da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Far Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sophie Braga
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Buchs
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Alves MSD, Sena-Lopes Â, das Neves RN, Casaril AM, Domingues M, Birmann PT, da Silva ET, de Souza MVN, Savegnago L, Borsuk S. In vitro and in silico trichomonacidal activity of 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl) quinoline analogs against Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2697-2711. [PMID: 35857093 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is a great public health burden worldwide and the increase in treatment failures has led to a need for finding alternative molecules to treat this disease. In this study, we present in vitro and in silico analyses of two 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl) quinolines (QDA-1 and QDA-2) against Trichomonas vaginalis. For in vitro trichomonacidal activity, up to seven different concentrations of these drugs were tested. Molecular docking, biochemical, and cytotoxicity analyses were performed to evaluate the selectivity profile. QDA-1 displayed a significant effect, completely reducing trophozoites viability at 160 µM, with an IC50 of 113.8 µM, while QDA-2 at the highest concentration reduced viability by 76.9%. QDA-1 completely inhibited T. vaginalis growth and increased reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation after 24 h of treatment, but nitric oxide accumulation was not observed. In addition, molecular docking studies showed that QDA-1 has a favorable binding mode in the active site of the T. vaginalis enzymes purine nucleoside phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, and thioredoxin reductase. Moreover, QDA-1 presented a level of cytotoxicity by reducing 36.7% of Vero cells' viability at 200 µM with a CC50 of 247.4 µM and a modest selectivity index. In summary, the results revealed that QDA-1 had a significant anti-T. vaginalis activity. Although QDA-1 had detectable cytotoxicity, the concentration needed to eliminate T. vaginalis trophozoites is lower than the CC50 encouraging further studies of this compound as a trichomonacidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Samara Dié Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ângela Sena-Lopes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Casaril
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Paloma Taborda Birmann
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Emerson Teixeira da Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Cristina Mendonça Nogueira T, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. New FDA oncology small molecule drugs approvals in 2020: Mechanism of action and clinical applications. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116340. [PMID: 34416511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, fifty-three new drugs, including forty small-molecules (thirty-six new chemical entities and four new diagnostic agents) and thirteen biologic drugs were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This year, small-molecules continue to play a role in innovative treatments representing around 75% of all drugs accepted by FDA. The dominant therapeutic area was oncology, accounting for twenty-three new approvals, including thirteen new chemical entities, four new diagnostic agents, and thirteen biologic drugs. Recognizing the importance of small-molecules on cancer treatment, this review aims to provide an overview regarding the clinical applications and mechanism of action of the thirteen new small-molecules (excluding new diagnostic agents) approved by FDA in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041- 250 Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041- 250 Brazil.
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Nogueira TCM, de Souza MVN. Green Synthesis of Five- and Six-membered N-heterocycles by Ultrasonic Irradiation in Aqueous Media. CGC 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213346108666210423120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Five- and six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds play an important role in medicinal
chemistry and the development of new drugs. There is a constant demand for the development of novel
biologically potent compounds, and there is also an increasing pressure to develop alternative and
more sustainable synthetic methodologies following the Green Chemistry principles. Thus, the present
review aims to compile the latest progress in the use of ultrasound irradiation in water conditions
to mediate the synthesis of five- and six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds in an environmentally
benign manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil
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Azeredo CM, Saraiva MF, de Oliveira MR, Barbosa G, de Almeida MV, de Souza MVN, Soares MJ. The terpenic diamine GIB24 inhibits the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, with proteomic analysis of drug-resistant epimastigotes. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109165. [PMID: 32771326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of N-geranyl-ethane-1,2-diamine dihydochloride (GIB24), a synthetic diamine, was assayed against different developmental forms of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Dm28c). The compound was effective against culture epimastigote forms (IC50/24h = 5.64 μM; SI = 16.4) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50/24h = 12.89 μM; SI = 7.18), as detected by the MTT methodology and by cell counting, respectively. Incubation of epimastigotes for 6h with 6 μM GIB24 (IC50/24h value) resulted in significant dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, prior to permeabilization of the plasma membrane. Rounded epimastigotes with cell size reduction were observed by scanning electron microscopy. These morpho-physiological changes induced by GIB24 suggest an incidental death process. Treatment of infected Vero cells did not prevent the intracellular amastigotes from completing the intracellular cycle. However, there was a decrease in the number of released parasites, increasing the ratio amastigotes/trypomastigotes. Proteomic analysis of 15 μM GIB24 resistant epimastigotes indicated that the compound acts mainly on mitochondrial components involved in the Krebs cycle and in maintaining the oxidative homeostasis of the parasites. Our data suggest that GIB24 is active against the main morphological forms of T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Maria Azeredo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maurilio José Soares
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Pinto DP, Coutinho DDS, Carvalho KIMD, Ferrero MR, Silva LVD, Silveira GPE, Silva DMD, Araújo JFG, Silva ACA, Pereira HM, Fonseca LBD, Faria RX, Souza MVND, Silva ETD, Santos-Filho OA, Costa JCSD, Amendoeira FC, Martins MA. Pharmacological profiling of JME-173, a novel mexiletine derivative combining dual anti-inflammatory/anti-spasmodic functions and limited action in Na + channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173367. [PMID: 32750364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence suggests that the local anaesthetic mexiletine can be beneficial for patients with asthma. However, caution is required since anaesthesia of the airways inhibits protective bronchodilator neuronal reflexes, limiting applications in conditions of hyperirritable airways. Here, we describe the synthesis of a new series of mexiletine analogues, which were screened for reduced activity in Na+ channels and improved smooth muscle relaxant effects, that were evaluated using the patch-clamp technique and an isolated tracheal organ bath, respectively. JME-173 (1-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-amine) was the most effective among the four mexiletine analogues investigated. JME-173 was then studied in vivo using a murine model of lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and in vitro using neutrophil chemotaxis and mast cell degranulation assays. Finally, the JME-173 pharmacokinetic profile was assessed using HPLC-MS/MS bioanalytical method. JME-173 directly inhibited IL-8 (CXCL8)- and FMLP-induced human neutrophil chemotaxis and allergen-induced mast cell degranulation. After oral administration 1 h before CS exposure, JME-173 (50 mg/kg) strongly reduced the increased number of macrophages and neutrophils recovered in the bronchoalveolar effluent without altering lymphocyte counts. Pharmacokinetic experiments of JME-173 (10 mg/kg, orally) showed values of maximum concentration (Cmax), maximum time (Tmax), area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) and area under the blood concentration-time curve from 0-Inf (AUC0-inf) of 163.3 ± 38.3 ng/mL, 1.2 ± 0.3 h, 729.4 ± 118.3 ng*h/ml and 868.9 ± 117.1 ng*h/ml (means ± S.E.M.), respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest that JME-173 has the potential to be an effective oral treatment for diseases associated with bronchoconstriction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Pereira Pinto
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Vice Presidency of Research and Innovation in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maximiliano R Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Vallim da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Vice Presidency of Research and Innovation in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Medeiros da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Vice Presidency of Research and Innovation in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Garcia Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Vice Presidency of Research and Innovation in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline C A Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Vice Presidency of Research and Innovation in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heliana Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Vice Presidency of Research and Innovation in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laís Bastos da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Vice Presidency of Research and Innovation in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoans, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Technology in Drugs, Farmanguinhos - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emerson Teixeira da Silva
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Technology in Drugs, Farmanguinhos - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Andrade Santos-Filho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computational Structural Biology, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais - Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Coelho Amendoeira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Quality Control in Health - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Alves MSD, das Neves RN, Sena-Lopes Â, Domingues M, Casaril AM, Segatto NV, Nogueira TCM, de Souza MVN, Savegnago L, Seixas FK, Collares T, Borsuk S. Antiparasitic activity of furanyl N-acylhydrazone derivatives against Trichomonas vaginalis: in vitro and in silico analyses. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:59. [PMID: 32046788 PMCID: PMC7014680 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, which is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Trichomoniasis has a high incidence and prevalence and is associated with serious complications such as HIV transmission and acquisition, pelvic inflammatory disease and preterm birth. Although trichomoniasis is treated with oral metronidazole (MTZ), the number of strains resistant to this drug is increasing (2.5–9.6%), leading to treatment failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative drugs to combat this disease. Methods Herein, we report the in vitro and in silico analysis of 12 furanyl N-acylhydrazone derivatives (PFUR 4, a-k) against Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 isolate was treated with seven concentrations of these compounds to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). In addition, compounds that displayed anti-T. vaginalis activity were analyzed using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and molecular docking. Cytotoxicity analysis was also performed in CHO-K1 cells. Results The compounds PFUR 4a and 4b, at 6.25 µM, induced complete parasite death after 24 h of exposure with IC50 of 1.69 µM and 1.98 µM, respectively. The results showed that lipid peroxidation is not involved in parasite death. Molecular docking studies predicted strong interactions of PFUR 4a and 4b with T. vaginalis enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and lactate dehydrogenase, while only PFUR 4b interacted in silico with thioredoxin reductase and methionine gamma-lyase. PFUR 4a and 4b led to a growth inhibition (< 20%) in CHO-K1 cells that was comparable to the drug of choice, with a promising selectivity index (> 7.4). Conclusions Our results showed that PFUR 4a and 4b are promising molecules that can be used for the development of new trichomonacidal agents for T. vaginalis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Samara Dié Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ângela Sena-Lopes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Casaril
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Vieira Segatto
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far-Manguinhos, Fiocruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Antinarelli LMR, Souza MVND, Coelho EAF, Lima WP, Coimbra ES. Efficacy of the 7-chloro-4-(3-hydroxy-benzilidenehydrazo)quinoline derivative against infection caused by Leishmania amazonensis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200091. [PMID: 32578713 PMCID: PMC7310358 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0091-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:
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da Costa CF, de Souza MVN, da Silva Lourenço MC, Coimbra ES, da Silva Lourenço Carvalho G, Wardell J, Calixto SL, da Trindade Granato J. Synthesis and SAR Study of Simple Aryl Oximes and Nitrofuranyl Derivatives with Potent Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181227115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Oximes and nitrofuranyl derivatives are particularly important compounds
in medicinal chemistry. Thus, many researchers have been reported to possess antibacterial,
antiparasitic, insecticidal and fungicidal activities.
Methods:
In this work, we report the synthesis and the biological activity against Mycobacterium
tuberculosis H37RV of a series of fifty aryl oximes, ArCH=N-OH, I, and eight nitrofuranyl compounds,
2-nitrofuranyl-X, II.
Results:
Among the oximes, I: Ar = 2-OH-4-OH, 42, and I: Ar = 5-nitrofuranyl, 46, possessed the
best activity at 3.74 and 32.0 µM, respectively. Also, 46, the nitrofuran compounds, II; X = MeO,
55, and II: X = NHCH2Ph, 58, (14.6 and 12.6 µM, respectively), exhibited excellent biological activities
and were non-cytotoxic.
Conclusion:
The compound 55 showed a selectivity index of 9.85. Further antibacterial tests were
performed with compound 55 which was inactive against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebisiella
pneumonae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhymurium and Shigella
flexneri. This study adds important information to the rational design of new lead anti-TB drugs.
Structure-activity Relationship (SAR) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane França da Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cristina da Silva Lourenço
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clinicas Evandro Chagas, Departament of Bacteriology, FIOCRUZ Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil
| | | | - James Wardell
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephane Lima Calixto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil
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Nogueira TCM, dos Santos Cruz L, Lourenço MC, de Souza MVN. Design, Synthesis and Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Hydrazones and N-acylhydrazones Containing Vitamin B6 and Different Heteroaromatic Nucleus. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180627122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The term vitamin B6 refers to a set of six compounds, pyridoxine,pyridoxal
,and pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated forms, among which pyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP) is
the most important and active form acting as a critical cofactor. These compounds are very useful
in medicinal chemistry because of their structure and functionalities and are also used in bioinorganic
chemistry as ligands for complexation with metals.
Methods:
In this study, a series of hydrazones 1a-g and N-acylhydrazones 2a-f containing vitamin
B6 have been synthesized from commercial pyridoxal hydrochloride and the appropriate aromatic or
heteroaromatic hydrazine or N-acylhydrazine. All synthesized compounds have been fully characterized
and tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Results:
Among the N-acylhydrazones derivatives 2a-f, 2d (para- pyridine substituted Nacylhydrazone;
MIC = 10.90 µM) exhibited the best activity. The ortho-pyridine derivative 2b exhibited
intermediate activity (MIC = 87.32 µM), and the meta-pyridine derivative 2c was inactive.
In case of the hydrazone series 1a-g, 7-chloroquinoxaline derivative 1f (MIC = 72.72 µM) showed
the best result, indicating that the number of nitrogen and chlorine atoms in the radical moiety play an
important role in the anti-tuberculosis activity of the quinoxaline derivatives (1f and 1g).
Conclusion:
The data reported herein indicates that the isoniazid derivative 2d (MIC = 10.90 µM)
exhibited the best activity in the N-acylhydrazone series and; the quinoxaline nucleus derivative 1f
(MIC = 72.72 µM) was the most active compound in the hydrazone series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas dos Santos Cruz
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Lourenço
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Departamento de Bacteriologia, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Souza MVN, Nogueira TCM. 4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:567-578. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190305130809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible
for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new
drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly
active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a
promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this
review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action,
medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- FioCruz-Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
- FioCruz-Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
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de Souza MVN, da Costa CF, Facchinetti V, Gomes CRB, Pacheco PM. Advances in Triazole Synthesis from Copper-catalyzed Azide-alkyne Cycloadditions (CuAAC) Based on Eco-friendly Procedures. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:244-257. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190104141454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
1,2,3-triazoles are an important class of organic compounds and because of their
aromatic stability, they are not easily reduced, oxidized or hydrolyzed in acidic and basic environments.
Moreover, 1,2,3-triazole derivatives are known by their important biological activities and have drawn
considerable attention due to their variety of properties. The synthesis of this nucleus, based on the click
chemistry concept, through the 1,3-dipolar addition reaction between azides and alkynes is a well-known
procedure. This reaction has a wide range of applications, especially on the development of new drugs.
Methods:
The most prominent eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of triazoles under microwave irradiation
published in articles from 2012-2018 were reviewed.
Results:
In this review, we cover some of the recent eco-friendly CuAAC procedures for the click synthesis of
1,2,3-triazoles with remarks to new and easily recoverable catalysts, such as rhizobial cyclic β-1,2 glucan;
WEB (water extract of banana); biosourced cyclosophoraose (CyS); egg shell powder (ESP); cyclodextrin (β-
CD); fish bone powder; nanoparticle-based catalyst, among others.
Conclusion:
These eco-friendly procedures are a useful tool for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, providing
many advantages on the synthesis of this class, such as shorter reaction times, easier work-up and higher yields
when compared to classical procedures. Moreover, these methodologies can be applied to the industrial
synthesis of drugs and to other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane França da Costa
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Facchinetti
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Brandão Gomes
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Mázala Pacheco
- Departamento de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rufener R, Ritler D, Zielinski J, Dick L, da Silva ET, da Silva Araujo A, Joekel DE, Czock D, Goepfert C, Moraes AM, de Souza MVN, Müller J, Mevissen M, Hemphill A, Lundström-Stadelmann B. Activity of mefloquine and mefloquine derivatives against Echinococcus multilocularis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:331-340. [PMID: 29933218 PMCID: PMC6020078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cestode E. multilocularis causes the disease alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in humans. The continuously proliferating metacestode (larval stage) of the parasite infects mostly the liver and exhibits tumor-like growth. Current chemotherapeutical treatment options rely on benzimidazoles, which are rarely curative and have to be applied daily and life-long. This can result in considerable hepatotoxicity and thus treatment discontinuation. Therefore, novel drugs against AE are urgently needed. The anti-malarial mefloquine was previously shown to be active against E. multilocularis metacestodes in vitro, and in mice infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of metacestodes when administered at 100 mg/kg by oral gavage twice a week for 12 weeks. In the present study, the same dosage regime was applied in mice infected via oral uptake of eggs representing the natural route of infection. After 12 weeks of treatment, the presence of parasite lesions was assessed in a liver squeeze chamber and by PCR, and a significantly reduced parasite load was found in mefloquine-treated animals. Assessment of mefloquine plasma concentrations by HPLC and modeling using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption showed that >90% of the expected steady-state levels (Cmin 1.15 mg/L, Cmax 2.63 mg/L) were reached. These levels are close to concentrations achieved in humans during long-term weekly dosage of 250 mg (dose applied for malaria prophylaxis). In vitro structure-activity relationship analysis of mefloquine and ten derivatives revealed that none of the derivatives exhibited stronger activities than mefloquine. Activity was only observed, when the 2-piperidylmethanol group of mefloquine was replaced by an amino group-containing residue and when the trifluoromethyl residue on position 8 of the quinoline structure was present. This is in line with the anti-malarial activity of mefloquine and it implies that the mode of action in E. multilocularis might be similar to the one against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Rufener
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Ritler
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jana Zielinski
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Dick
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Teixeira da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Far Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriele da Silva Araujo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Far Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deborah Elisabeth Joekel
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Goepfert
- Institute of Animal Pathology COMPATH, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Marques Moraes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Far Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Cardoso LNDF, Nogueira TCM, Kaiser CR, Wardell JL, Wardell SMSV, de Souza MVN. Synthesis and anti-tubercular activity of Thienyl and Furanyl derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.13171/mjc.5.1/0160213/desouza] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Carvalho Montenegro R, Veras Lotufo L, Odorico de Moraes M, do O Pessoa C, Augusto Rocha Rodrigues F, de Lima Ferreira Bispo M, Abreu Freire B, Roland Kaiser C, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. Cytotoxic Activity of Polysubstituted 7-chloro-4-quinolinylhydrazone Derivatives. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/157018012799129837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Carvalho Montenegro R, Veras Costa Lotufo L, Odorico de Moraes M, do O Pessoa C, Augusto Rocha Rodrigues F, Campbell Pinheiro A, Cristina Mendonça Nogueira T, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. Synthesis and Antitumoral Evaluation of Benzyl (1S)-2-[2-(monosubstituted-benzylidene)hydrazino]-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxoethylcarbamate. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/157018012799129800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Carvalho Montenegro R, Veras Lotufo L, Odorico de Moraes M, do O Pessoa C, Augusto Rocha Rodrigues F, de Lima Ferreira Bispo M, Nogueira de Faria Cardoso L, Roland Kaiser C, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. Synthesis and Antitumoral Evaluation of 7-chloro-4-quinolinylhydrazones Derivatives. Med Chem 2011; 7:599-604. [PMID: 22316343 DOI: 10.2174/157340611797928299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Campbell Pinheiro A, Roland Kaiser C, Cristina Mendonca Nogueira T, Aquino Carvalho S, Ferreira da Silva E, de Oliveira Feitosa L, das Gracas Muller de Oliveira Henriques M, Luis Peixoto Candea A, Cristina Silva Lourenco M, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of New L-serinyl Hydrazone Derivatives. Med Chem 2011; 7:611-23. [DOI: 10.2174/157340611797928325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Lima Ferreira M, Luis Peixoto Candea A, das Gracas Muller de Oliveira Henriques M, Cristina Silva Lourenco M, Roland Kaiser C, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. Evaluation of Substituted Benzaldehydes Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180811007010754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schroeder Borges Goncalves R, Vinicius Nora de Souza M. Recent Developments in Pleuromutilin Derivatives: A Promising Class Against Bacterial Respiratory Disease. CRMR 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/157339810791171287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Souza MVN. Compounds containing oxazolidinone, triazole and macrolide groups in the treatment of mycobacterial infections. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.9.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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de Almeida MV, Teixeira FM, de Souza MVN, Amarante GW, Alves CCDS, Cardoso SH, Mattos AM, Ferreira AP, Teixeira HC. Thalidomide Analogs from Diamines: Synthesis and Evaluation as Inhibitors of TNF-.ALPHA. Production. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:223-6. [PMID: 17268092 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen thalidomide analogs bearing two phthalimido units were prepared in high yields (83-94%) by condensation of different diamines with phthalic or 3-nitrophthalic anhydride. An in vitro investigation of the compounds as inhibitors of the TNF-alpha production was performed. The inhibition was higher for compounds bearing amino and nitro groups and was modulated by increasing the size of the spacers between the phthalimide groups.
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H. Dodd R, Vinicius Nora de Souza M, Yan Z. Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid, a Conformationally Constrained Analogue of the Subtype Selective NMDA Receptor Agonist Homoquinolinic Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-04-s(p)22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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