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Moiseeva AN, Makoveeva KA, Furkina EB, Artyushova EV, German MN, Khomenko IA, Konevega AL, Kormazeva ES, Novikov VI, Aksenov NV, Gustova NS, Aliev RA. Co-production of 155Tb and 152Tb irradiating 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with a medium energy α-particle beam. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 126-127:108389. [PMID: 37783103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four terbium isotopes 149,152,155,161Tb emitting various types of radiation can be used for both diagnostics and therapy. 152Tb emits positrons and is ideal for PET. 155Tb is considered a promising Auger emitter and a diagnostic pair for other terbium therapeutic isotopes. Several methods for the production of 155Tb using charged particle accelerators have been proposed, but they all have significant limitations. The restricted availability of this isotope hinders its medical applications. We have proposed a new method for production of 155Tb, irradiating enriched 155Gd by alpha particles. The possibility of simultaneous production of two isotopes of terbium, 152,155Tb, was also studied for more efficient cyclotron beam use. METHODS Irradiation of 155Gd enriched targets and 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with alpha-particles with an energy of 54 MeV was carried out at the U-150 cyclotron at the NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The cross sections of nuclear reactions on enr-155Gd were measured by the stack foil technique, detecting the gamma-radiation of the activation products. The separation of rare earth elements was performed by extraction chromatography with the LN Resin. 155Tb was produced via 155Dy decay. RESULTS The cross sections for the 155,156Tb and 155,157Dy production were measured by the irradiation of a gadolinium target enriched with the 155Gd isotope with alpha-particles in an energy range of 54 → 33 MeV. The yield of 155Dy on a thick target at 54 MeV was 130 MBq/μAh, which makes it possible to obtain 1 GBq of 155Tb in 11 hour-irradiation with 20 μA beam current. The possibility of simultaneous production of 152,155Tb by irradiation of 155Gd and 151Eu tandem target with medium-energy alpha-particles is implemented. Optimal irradiation energy ranges of alpha -particles as 54 → 42 MeV for 155Tb and 42 → 34 MeV for 152Tb were suggested. Product activity and radionuclidic purity were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Moiseeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia.
| | - K A Makoveeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E B Furkina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | | | - M N German
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - I A Khomenko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - A L Konevega
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E S Kormazeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - V I Novikov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - N V Aksenov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - N S Gustova
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - R A Aliev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
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German MN, Brown R, Lucey MR. Out With the Old, in With the New: Replacing the "6-Month Abstinence Rule" With Integrated Care for Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1795-1797. [PMID: 34563475 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita N German
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Randall Brown
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael R Lucey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current article aims to review the latest literature on updates in therapeutics for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), integration of treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) into the management of ALD, and the role of liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis. RECENT FINDINGS ALD has recently become the most common indication for liver transplantation due to the increasing prevalence of AUD and the paucity of therapeutic options. There is broad consensus on the importance of early identification of AUD and the incorporation of its treatment in the management of ALD. New targets for treatment of alcoholic hepatitis include the gut-liver axis, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and drugs with hepatic regenerative potential. Fecal transplantation in particular has had favorable outcomes at 1 year. n-Acetylcysteine in addition to corticosteroids, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and IL-22 have also shown improved short-term outcomes. A number of other therapies are being studied in clinical trials and their results are anxiously awaited. SUMMARY In summary, there are several promising therapeutic options under clinical investigation for the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis and ALD; however, alcohol abstinence is key. In the absence of other effective therapies, liver transplantation for ALD remains a life-saving treatment with excellent patient and graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita N German
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Kwong AJ, Devuni D, Wang C, Boike J, Jo J, VanWagner L, Serper M, Jones L, Sharma R, Verna EC, Shor J, German MN, Hristov A, Lee A, Spengler E, Koteish AA, Sehmbey G, Seetharam A, John N, Patel Y, Kappus MR, Couri T, Paul S, Salgia RJ, Nhu Q, Frenette CT, Lai JC, Goel A. Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Among Older Recipients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Large Multicenter US Cohort: the Re-Evaluating Age Limits in Transplantation Consortium. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:1492-1503. [PMID: 33047893 PMCID: PMC7960487 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver transplantation (LT) population is aging, with the need for transplant being driven by the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Older LT recipients with NASH may be at an increased risk for adverse outcomes after LT. Our objective is to characterize outcomes in these recipients in a large multicenter cohort. All primary LT recipients ≥65 years from 2010 to 2016 at 13 centers in the Re-Evaluating Age Limits in Transplantation (REALT) consortium were included. Of 1023 LT recipients, 226 (22.1%) were over 70 years old, and 207 (20.2%) had NASH. Compared with other LT recipients, NASH recipients were older (68.0 versus 67.3 years), more likely to be female (47.3% versus 32.8%), White (78.3% versus 68.0%), Hispanic (12.1% versus 9.2%), and had higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-sodium (21 versus 18) at LT (P < 0.05 for all). Specific cardiac risk factors including diabetes with or without chronic complications (69.6%), hypertension (66.3%), hyperlipidemia (46.3%), coronary artery disease (36.7%), and moderate-to-severe renal disease (44.4%) were highly prevalent among NASH LT recipients. Graft survival among NASH patients was 90.3% at 1 year and 82.4% at 3 years compared with 88.9% at 1 year and 80.4% at 3 years for non-NASH patients (log-rank P = 0.58 and P = 0.59, respectively). Within 1 year after LT, the incidence of graft rejection (17.4%), biliary strictures (20.9%), and solid organ cancers (4.9%) were comparable. Rates of cardiovascular (CV) complications, renal failure, and infection were also similar in both groups. We observed similar posttransplant morbidity and mortality outcomes for NASH and non-NASH LT recipients. Certain CV risk factors were more prevalent in this population, although posttransplant outcomes within 1 year including CV events and renal failure were similar to non-NASH LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Kwong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Deepika Devuni
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Connie Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Justin Boike
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer Jo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa VanWagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Marina Serper
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lauren Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rajani Sharma
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth C. Verna
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Julia Shor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Margarita N. German
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Alexander Hristov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Alexander Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Erin Spengler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Gurbir Sehmbey
- Transplant Hepatology, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Anil Seetharam
- Transplant Hepatology, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Nimy John
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Yuval Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew R. Kappus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Thomas Couri
- Center for Liver Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sonali Paul
- Center for Liver Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Reena J. Salgia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | - Aparna Goel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
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German MN, Eccleston JL, Tamez DA, Remington PL, Lucey MR. Internet Published Policies Regarding Liver Transplant Eligibility and Substance Use in United States Transplant Centers. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1717-1724. [PMID: 33163840 PMCID: PMC7603533 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplant centers in the United States retain great autonomy in determining eligibility criteria for a liver transplant. This study aims to define the availability and content of liver transplant centers' publicly available Internet policies regarding eligibility criteria for liver transplant. Three trained undergraduate students performed a structured pilot‐tested assessment of official websites of the United Network for Organ Sharing‐registered liver transplant centers. All 141 liver transplant centers had an accessible website. Some account of eligibility criteria was provided by 53% of centers, while 32% of centers discussed substance use. Only 17% discussed their policy regarding alcohol use in candidates with underlying alcohol use disorder, and only 2% stipulated that 6 months of abstinence was required. While exclusion based on substance use or age was discussed infrequently, insurance coverage requirements, the need for social support, and the need for adherence to medical care were mentioned in 21%, 37%, and 23% of centers, respectively. Conclusion: In 2018, half of liver transplant centers provided some information on their official websites regarding eligibility criteria for liver transplant. Detailed information regarding substance use disorders and social health requirements was rare. The Internet is infrequently used by liver transplant centers as a means to publicly share information regarding selection criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita N German
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Jason L Eccleston
- Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Diego A Tamez
- Department of Population Health Sciences University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Patrick L Remington
- Department of Population Health Sciences University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Michael R Lucey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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