1
|
Rabienezhad Ganji N, Urzì O, Tinnirello V, Costanzo E, Polito G, Palumbo Piccionello A, Manno M, Raccosta S, Gallo A, Lo Pinto M, Calligaris M, Scilabra SD, Di Bella MA, Conigliaro A, Fontana S, Raimondo S, Alessandro R. Proof-of-Concept Study on the Use of Tangerine-Derived Nanovesicles as siRNA Delivery Vehicles toward Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:546. [PMID: 38203716 PMCID: PMC10779162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the field of nanomedicine and drug delivery has grown exponentially, providing new platforms to carry therapeutic agents into the target sites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ready-to-use, biocompatible, and non-toxic nanoparticles that are revolutionizing the field of drug delivery. EVs are involved in cell-cell communication and mediate many physiological and pathological processes by transferring their bioactive cargo to target cells. Recently, nanovesicles from plants (PDNVs) are raising the interest of the scientific community due to their high yield and biocompatibility. This study aims to evaluate whether PDNVs may be used as drug delivery systems. We isolated and characterized nanovesicles from tangerine juice (TNVs) that were comparable to mammalian EVs in size and morphology. TNVs carry the traditional EV marker HSP70 and, as demonstrated by metabolomic analysis, contain flavonoids, organic acids, and limonoids. TNVs were loaded with DDHD1-siRNA through electroporation, obtaining a loading efficiency of 13%. We found that the DDHD1-siRNA complex TNVs were able to deliver DDHD1-siRNA to human colorectal cancer cells, inhibiting the target expression by about 60%. This study represents a proof of concept for the use of PDNVs as vehicles of RNA interference (RNAi) toward mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rabienezhad Ganji
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Ornella Urzì
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Vincenza Tinnirello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Elisa Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Giulia Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Margot Lo Pinto
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS-ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Calligaris
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS-ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Simone Dario Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS-ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Simona Fontana
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.R.G.); (O.U.); (V.T.); (E.C.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (S.F.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pucci M, Moschetti M, Urzì O, Loria M, Conigliaro A, Di Bella MA, Crescitelli R, Olofsson Bagge R, Gallo A, Santos MF, Puglisi C, Forte S, Lorico A, Alessandro R, Fontana S. Colorectal cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles induce TGFβ1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition of hepatocytes. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 37072829 PMCID: PMC10114452 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic disease is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Increasing evidence shows that primary tumor cells can promote metastasis by preparing the local microenvironment of distant organs, inducing the formation of the so-called "pre-metastatic niche". In recent years, several studies have highlighted that among the tumor-derived molecular components active in pre-metastatic niche formation, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a crucial role. Regarding liver metastasis, the ability of tumor-derived sEVs to affect the activities of non-parenchymal cells such as Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells is well described, while the effects on hepatocytes, the most conspicuous and functionally relevant hepatic cellular component, remain unknown. METHODS sEVs isolated from SW480 and SW620 CRC cells and from clinical samples of CRC patients and healthy subjects were used to treat human healthy hepatocytes (THLE-2 cells). RT-qPCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy were applied to investigate the effects of this treatment. RESULTS Our study shows for the first time that TGFβ1-carrying CRC_sEVs impair the morphological and functional properties of healthy human hepatocytes by triggering their TGFβ1/SMAD-dependent EMT. These abilities of CRC_sEVs were further confirmed by evaluating the effects elicited on hepatocytes by sEVs isolated from plasma and biopsies from CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS Since it is known that EMT of hepatocytes leads to the formation of a fibrotic environment, a well-known driver of metastasis, these results suggest that CRC_sEV-educated hepatocytes could have an active and until now neglected role during liver metastasis formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Loria
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark F Santos
- Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Aurelio Lorico
- Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
- IOM Ricerca, Viagrande, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pucci M, Raimondo S, Urzì O, Moschetti M, Di Bella MA, Conigliaro A, Caccamo N, La Manna MP, Fontana S, Alessandro R. Tumor-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Induce Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and PD-L1 Regulation in M0 Macrophages via IL-6/STAT3 and TLR4 Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212118. [PMID: 34829995 PMCID: PMC8621495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages play a key role in promoting tumor progression by exerting an immunosuppressive phenotype associated with the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). It is well known that tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) affect the tumor microenvironment, influencing TAM behavior. The present study aimed to examine the effect of SEVs derived from colon cancer and multiple myeloma cells on macrophage functions. Non-polarized macrophages (M0) differentiated from THP-1 cells were co-cultured with SEVs derived from a colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line, SW480, and a multiple myeloma (MM) cell line, MM1.S. The expression of PD-L1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and other inflammatory cytokines as well as of the underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated. Our results indicate that SEVs can significantly upregulate the expressions of PD-L1 and IL-6 at both the mRNA and protein levels and can activate the STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified the TLR4/NF-kB pathway as a convergent mechanism for SEV-mediated PD-L1 expression. Overall, these preliminary data suggest that SEVs contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Pio La Manna
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2386-5731
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (S.R.); (O.U.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.B.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (M.P.L.M.); (R.A.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Fontana S, Bella MAD, Pope MR, Parrino B, Cascioferro SM, Vistoli G, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Arena GO, Woo G, Huang K, Huynh T, Moschetti M, Alessandro R, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Itraconazole inhibits nuclear delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo by disrupting the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12132. [PMID: 34429859 PMCID: PMC8363911 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication under both healthy and pathological conditions, including the induction of pro-metastatic traits, but it is not yet known how and where functional cargoes of EVs are delivered to their targets in host cell compartments. We have described that after endocytosis, EVs reach Rab7+ late endosomes and a fraction of these enter the nucleoplasmic reticulum and transport EV biomaterials to the host cell nucleoplasm. Their entry therein and docking to outer nuclear membrane occur through a tripartite complex formed by the proteins VAP-A, ORP3 and Rab7 (VOR complex). Here, we report that the antifungal compound itraconazole (ICZ), but not its main metabolite hydroxy-ICZ or ketoconazole, disrupts the binding of Rab7 to ORP3-VAP-A complexes, leading to inhibition of EV-mediated pro-metastatic morphological changes including cell migration behaviour of colon cancer cells. With novel, smaller chemical drugs, inhibition of the VOR complex was maintained, although the ICZ moieties responsible for antifungal activity and interference with intracellular cholesterol distribution were removed. Knowing that cancer cells hijack their microenvironment and that EVs derived from them determine the pre-metastatic niche, small-sized inhibitors of nuclear transfer of EV cargo into host cells could find cancer therapeutic applications, particularly in combination with direct targeting of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Santos
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | | | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Stella Maria Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Goffredo O. Arena
- Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Fondazione Istituto G. GiglioCefalùItaly
| | - Gyunghwi Woo
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Kevin Huang
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Tony Huynh
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)National Research Council (CNR)PalermoItaly
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
- Mediterranean Institute of OncologyViagrandeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pavia FC, Di Bella MA, Brucato V, Blanda V, Zummo F, Vitrano I, Di Liegro CM, Ghersi G, Di Liegro I, Schiera G. A 3D‑scaffold of PLLA induces the morphological differentiation and migration of primary astrocytes and promotes the production of extracellular vesicles. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1288-1296. [PMID: 31173248 PMCID: PMC6625454 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the ability of primary rat astrocytes to colonize a porous scaffold, mimicking the reticular structure of the brain parenchyma extracellular matrix, as well as their ability to grow, survive and differentiate on the scaffold. Scaffolds were prepared using poly‑L‑lactic acid (PLLA) via thermally‑induced phase separation. Firstly, the present study studied the effects of scaffold morphology on the growth of astrocytes, evaluating their capability to colonize. Specifically, two different morphologies were tested, which were obtained by changing the polymer concentration in the starting solution. The structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and a pore size of 20 µm (defined as the average distance between the pore walls) was detected. For comparison, astrocytes were also cultured in the traditional 2D culture system that we have been using since 2003. Then the effects of different substrates, such as collagen I and IV, and fibronectin were analyzed. The results revealed that the PLLA scaffolds, coated with collagen IV, served as very good matrices for astrocytes, which were observed to adhere, grow and colonize the matrix, acquiring their typical morphology. In addition, under these conditions, they secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were compatible in size with exosomes. Their ability to produce exosomes was also suggested by transmission electron microscopy pictures which revealed both EVs and intracellular structures that could be interpreted as multivesicular bodies. The fact that these cells were able to adapt to the PLLA scaffold, together with our previous results, which demonstrated that brain capillary endothelial cells can grow and differentiate on the same scaffold, could support the future use of 3D brain cell co‑culture systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Blanda
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Zummo
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Vitrano
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schillaci O, Fontana S, Monteleone F, Taverna S, Di Bella MA, Di Vizio D, Alessandro R. Exosomes from metastatic cancer cells transfer amoeboid phenotype to non-metastatic cells and increase endothelial permeability: their emerging role in tumor heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4711. [PMID: 28680152 PMCID: PMC5498501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand if exosomes derived from high-metastatic cells may influence the behavior of less aggressive cancer cells and the properties of the endothelium. We found that metastatic colon cancer cells are able to transfer their amoeboid phenotype to isogenic primary cancer cells through exosomes, and that this morphological transition is associated with the acquisition of a more aggressive behavior. Moreover, exosomes from the metastatic line (SW620Exos) exhibited higher ability to cause endothelial hyperpermeability than exosomes from the non metastatic line (SW480Exos). SWATH-based quantitative proteomic analysis highlighted that SW620Exos are significantly enriched in cytoskeletal-associated proteins including proteins activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway, known to induce amoeboid properties and destabilization of endothelial junctions. In particular, thrombin was identified as a key mediator of the effects induced by SW620Exos in target cells, in which we also found a significant increase of RhoA activity. Overall, our results demonstrate that in a heterogeneous context exosomes released by aggressive sub-clones can contribute to accelerate tumor progression by spreading malignant properties that affect both the tumor cell plasticity and the endothelial cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odessa Schillaci
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Monteleone
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Di Bella MA, Carbone MC, De Leo G. Ultrastructural aspects of naturally occurring wound in the tunic of two ascidians: Ciona intestinalis and Styela plicata (Tunicata). Micron 2015; 69:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Di Bella MA, Carbone MC, D'Amato M, Alessandro R, De Leo G. The identification and localization of two intermediate filament proteins in the tunic of Styela plicata (Tunicata, Styelidae). Tissue Cell 2009; 41:381-9. [PMID: 19524277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The intermediate filament (IF) proteins Styela C and Styela D from the tunicate Styela (Urochordata) are co-expressed in all epidermal cells and they are thought to behave as type I and type II keratins. These two IF proteins, Styela C and Styela D, were identified in immunoblots of proteins isolated from the tunic of Styela plicata. The occurrence and distribution of these proteins within the tunic of this ascidian was examined by means of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, using anti-Styela C and anti-Styela D antibodies. In addition, immuno-electron microscopy of the tunic showed that the two proteins are located in the cuticle layer and in the tunic matrix. These results represent the first data about the presence of IF proteins in the tunic of adult ascidian S. plicata. The possible involvement of these IF proteins in reinforcing the integrity of the tunic, that represents the interface between the animal body and the external environment, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Bella MA, Calì F, Seidita G, Mirisola M, Ragusa A, Ragalmuto A, Galesi O, Elia M, Greco D, Zingale M, Gambino G, D'Anna RP, Regan R, Carbone MC, Gallo A, Romano V. Screening of subtelomeric rearrangements in autistic disorder: identification of a partial trisomy of 13q34 in a patient bearing a 13q;21p translocation. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:584-90. [PMID: 16823807 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of a FISH screening protocol to detect cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements in autistic disorder (AD), a patient bearing three copies of the subtelomeric portion of the q arm of chromosome 13 has been identified. Beside AD, the patient also has severe mental retardation and displays several dysmorphic features. Further FISH analyses revealed that the trisomy was caused by the translocation of a 13q subtelomeric fragment to the acrocentric tip of one chromosome 21 [46,XY.ish der(21) t(13;21) (q34;p13)(D13S1825+)]. Gene dosage experiments carried out with three multiallelic polymorphisms of the subtelomeric region of chromosome 13q showed that the putative length of the triplicate region does not exceed 300 kb about, that is, the distance from telomere to the first normally inherited marker. In addition, gene dosage analysis performed on the derivative chromosome 21, did not reveal loss of the most telomeric protein-encoding genes on 21p. The potential relationship between a postulated increased expression of genes on 13q34 and the complex phenotype in this trisomic patient is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alessandro R, Di Bella MA, Flugy AM, Fontana S, Damiani F, Corrado C, Colomba P, Todaro M, Russo D, Santoro A, Kohn EC, De Leo G. Comparative study of T84 and T84SF human colon carcinoma cells: in vitro and in vivo ultrastructural and functional characterization of cell culture and metastasis. Virchows Arch 2006; 449:48-61. [PMID: 16612624 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-006-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the relationship between tumor heterogeneity, differentiation, and metastasis, suitable experimental models permitting in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary. A new variant cell line (T84SF) exhibiting an altered phenotype was recently selected from a colon cancer cell line (T84) by repetitive plating on TNF-alpha treated human endothelial cells and subsequent selection for adherent cells. The matched pair of cell lines provides a useful system to investigate the extravasation step of the metastatic cascade. Since analysis of morphological differences can be instructive to the understanding of metastatic potential of tumor cells, we compared the ultrastructural and functional phenotype of T84 and T84SF cells in vitro and in vivo. The reported ultrastructural features evidence differences between the two cell lines; selected cells showed a marked pleomorphism of cell size and nuclei, shape, and greater surface complexity. These morphological differences were also coupled with biochemical data showing a distinct tyrosine phosphorylation-based signaling, an altered localization of beta-catenin, MAPK, and AKT activation, as well as an increased expression in T84SF cells of Bcl-X(L), a major regulator of apoptosis. Therefore, these cell lines represent a step forward in the development of appropriate models in vitro and in vivo to investigate colon cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università di Palermo, Via Divisi 83, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Bella MA, Carbone MC, De Leo G. Aspects of cell production in mantle tissue of Ciona intestinalis L. (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Micron 2005; 36:477-81. [PMID: 15935306 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Renewal of cell population is needed in the tunic of ascidians, as the tunic cells are involved in many biological functions. Tunic cells are thought to arrive by migrating across the mantle epithelium into the tunic from the blood lacunae or the mesenchymal space. Electron microscope observations show that the mantle epithelium of Ciona intestinalis shares some proliferative characteristics, releasing cells into the tunic and thus providing an increase renewal of tunical cells in restricted zones of adult animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Divisi 83, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bella MAD, Cassarà G, Russo D, Leo GD. Cellular components and tunic architecture of the solitary ascidian Styela canopus (Stolidobranchiata, Styelidae). Tissue Cell 1998; 30:352-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(98)80048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/1997] [Accepted: 02/17/1998] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|