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Lönn M, Svedberg P, Nygren J, Jarbin H, Aili K, Larsson I. Changed sleep according to weighted blanket adherence in a 16-week sleep intervention among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Sleep Med 2024. [PMID: 38656790 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine differences in sample characteristics and longitudinal sleep outcomes according to weighted blanket adherence. METHODS Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n =94), mean age 9.0 (sd 2.2, range 6-14) participated in a 16-week sleep intervention with weighted blankets (WB). Children were classified as WB adherent (use of WB ≥ 4 nights/week) or non-adherent (use of WB ≤ 3 nights/week). Changes in objectively measured sleep by actigraphy, parent-reported sleep problems (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)) and child-reported Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were evaluated according to adherence with mixed effect models. Gender, age, and ADHD subtype were examined as potential moderators. RESULTS Children adherent to WBs (48/94) showed an early response in sleep outcomes and an acceptance of the WB after four weeks of use as well as a decrease in parent- (CSHQ) (-5.73, P = .000) and child-reported sleep problems (ISI) (-4.29, P = .005) after 16 weeks. The improvement in sleep was larger among WB adherent vs. non-adherent (between-group difference: CSHQ: -2.09, P = .038; ISI: -2.58, P =.007). Total sleep time was stable for children adherent to WB but decreased for non-adherent (between-group difference: +16.90, P = .019). CONCLUSIONS An early response in sleep and acceptance of the WB predicted later adherence to WBs. Improvements in sleep were more likely among WB adherents vs. non-adherents. Children with ADHD may thus benefit from using WBs to handle their sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lönn
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Psychiatry Halland, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Petra Svedberg
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jens Nygren
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Håkan Jarbin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Aili
- Department of Health and Sport, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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Lönn M, Svedberg P, Nygren J, Jarbin H, Aili K, Larsson I. The efficacy of weighted blankets for sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-A randomized controlled crossover trial. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13990. [PMID: 37452697 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Weighted blankets are a non-pharmacological intervention for treating sleep and anxiety problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, research on the efficacy of weighted blankets is sparse. The aim of this randomized controlled trial with a crossover design (4 + 4 weeks) was to evaluate the efficacy of weighted blankets on sleep among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleeping problems. Children diagnosed with uncomplicated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with verified sleep problems were randomized to start with either a weighted blanket or a lighter control blanket. Data collection was performed at weeks 0, 4 and 8 using actigraphy, questionnaires and a daily sleep diary. T-tests were used to evaluate efficacy. The study included 94 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (mean age 9.0 [sd 2.2] years; 54 [57.4%] boys). Weighted blankets had a significant effect on total sleep time (mean diff. 7.72 min, p = 0.027, Cohen's d = 0.24), sleep efficiency (mean diff. 0.82%, p = 0.038, Cohen's d = 0.23) and wake after sleep onset (mean diff. -2.79 min, p = 0.015, Cohen's d = -0.27), but not on sleep-onset latency (p = 0.432). According to our exploratory subgroup analyses, weighted blankets may be especially beneficial for improving total sleep time in children aged 11-14 years (Cohen's d = 0.53, p = 0.009) and in children with the inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtype (Cohen's d = 0.58, p = 0.016). Our results suggest that weighted blankets may improve children's sleep and could be used as an alternative to pharmacological sleep interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lönn
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Psychiatry Halland, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Petra Svedberg
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jens Nygren
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Håkan Jarbin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Aili
- Department of Health and Sport, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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Vinblad E, Larsson I, Lönn M, Olsson E, Nygren JM, Svedberg P. Development of a Digital Decision Support Tool to Aid Participation of Children With Disabilities in Pediatric Rehabilitation Services: Explorative Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2019; 3:e14493. [PMID: 31579015 PMCID: PMC6777283 DOI: 10.2196/14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Building a health care system in accordance with the rule of law requires child-centered care, where children and young people, regardless of ability, are allowed to participate in visits with their health care professionals. As part of an overall project focusing on developing and implementing a digital decision support tool to increase the participation of children with disabilities in pediatric rehabilitation, this study brings new knowledge as to how this specific patient group views participation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this formative study was to explore the experiences of children and young people with disabilities concerning increasing their participation in the pediatric rehabilitation services. METHODS The formative study had an explorative design, based on a latent qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Interviews were conducted with 20 children (6-17 years) and 8 young people (19-30 years) with disabilities about their experiences of participation in pediatric rehabilitation services. RESULTS A total of 3 categories emerged reflecting the participants' possibilities of participation in the pediatric rehabilitation services: to feel involved, to feel independent, and to work in partnership. To feel involved meant being listened to and being connected, to feel independent meant being admitted and being enabled, and to work in partnership meant being supported and being able to entrust others with the decision making. With the overall theme moving toward empowerment of children in pediatric rehabilitation, a true feeling of participation can be experienced. CONCLUSIONS The views of children and young people with disabilities are that children should be given the prerequisites for empowerment by being allowed to feel involved and independent as well as to work in partnership to experience true participation in the pediatric rehabilitation services. This finding is essential in the design of a digital decision support tool based on the children's needs and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Vinblad
- Child and Youth Rehabilitation Services, Region Skåne, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | | | - Emma Olsson
- Falkenbergs Municipality, Falkenberg, Sweden
| | - Jens M Nygren
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Petra Svedberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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Svensson H, Wetterling L, Bosaeus M, Odén B, Odén A, Jennische E, Edén S, Holmäng A, Lönn M. Body fat mass and the proportion of very large adipocytes in pregnant women are associated with gestational insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:646-53. [PMID: 26563815 PMCID: PMC4827013 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Pregnancy is accompanied by fat gain and insulin resistance. Changes in adipose tissue morphology and function during pregnancy and factors contributing to gestational insulin resistance are incompletely known. We sought to characterize adipose tissue in trimesters 1 and 3 (T1/T3) in normal weight (NW) and obese pregnant women, and identify adipose tissue-related factors associated with gestational insulin resistance. Subjects/Methods: Twenty-two NW and 11 obese women were recruited early in pregnancy for the Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study. Examinations and sampling of blood and abdominal adipose tissue were performed longitudinally in T1/T3 to determine fat mass (air-displacement plethysmography); insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR); size, number and lipolytic activity of adipocytes; and adipokine release and density of immune cells and blood vessels in adipose tissue. Results: Fat mass and HOMA-IR increased similarly between T1 and T3 in the groups; all remained normoglycemic. Adipocyte size increased in NW women. Adipocyte number was not influenced, but proportions of small and large adipocytes changed oppositely in the groups. Lipolytic activity and circulating adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein increased in both groups. Adiponectin release was reduced in NW women. Fat mass and the proportion of very large adipocytes were most strongly associated with T3 HOMA-IR by multivariable linear regression (R2=0.751, P<0.001). Conclusions: During pregnancy, adipose tissue morphology and function change comprehensively. NW women accumulated fat in existing adipocytes, accompanied by reduced adiponectin release. In comparison with the NW group, obese women had signs of adipocyte recruitment and maintained adiponectin levels. Body fat and large adipocytes may contribute significantly to gestational insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Svensson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Wetterling
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Bosaeus
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Odén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Odén
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Jennische
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Edén
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Lönn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Vallelian F, Deuel JW, Opitz L, Schaer CA, Puglia M, Lönn M, Engelsberger W, Schauer S, Karnaukhova E, Spahn DR, Stocker R, Buehler PW, Schaer DJ. Proteasome inhibition and oxidative reactions disrupt cellular homeostasis during heme stress. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:597-611. [PMID: 25301065 PMCID: PMC4356336 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual control of cellular heme levels by extracellular scavenger proteins and degradation by heme oxygenases is essential in diseases associated with increased heme release. During severe hemolysis or rhabdomyolysis, uncontrolled heme exposure can cause acute kidney injury and endothelial cell damage. The toxicity of heme was primarily attributed to its pro-oxidant effects; however additional mechanisms of heme toxicity have not been studied systematically. In addition to redox reactivity, heme may adversely alter cellular functions by binding to essential proteins and impairing their function. We studied inducible heme oxygenase (Hmox1)-deficient mouse embryo fibroblast cell lines as a model to systematically explore adaptive and disruptive responses that were triggered by intracellular heme levels exceeding the homeostatic range. We extensively characterized the proteome phenotype of the cellular heme stress responses by quantitative mass spectrometry of stable isotope-labeled cells that covered more than 2000 individual proteins. The most significant signals specific to heme toxicity were consistent with oxidative stress and impaired protein degradation by the proteasome. This ultimately led to an activation of the response to unfolded proteins. These observations were explained mechanistically by demonstrating binding of heme to the proteasome that was linked to impaired proteasome function. Oxidative heme reactions and proteasome inhibition could be differentiated as synergistic activities of the porphyrin. Based on the present data a novel model of cellular heme toxicity is proposed, whereby proteasome inhibition by heme sustains a cycle of oxidative stress, protein modification, accumulation of damaged proteins and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vallelian
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J W Deuel
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C A Schaer
- 1] Division of Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland [2] Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Puglia
- 1] Division of Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland [2] Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Lönn
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W Engelsberger
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Schauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D R Spahn
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Stocker
- 1] School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P W Buehler
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D J Schaer
- 1] Division of Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland [2] Center of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bigert C, Lönn M, Feychting M, Sjögren B, Lewné M, Gustavsson P. Incidence of myocardial infarction among cooks and other restaurant workers in Sweden 1987–2005. Scand J Work Environ Health 2012; 39:204-11. [DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Wiebert P, Lönn M, Fremling K, Feychting M, Sjögren B, Nise G, Kauppinen T, Plato N, Gustavsson P. Occupational exposure to particles and incidence of acute myocardial infarction and other ischaemic heart disease. Occup Environ Med 2012; 69:651-7. [PMID: 22693266 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient particulate air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Occupational particle exposure levels may be several times higher than ambient levels but has been less studied. OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the association between occupational exposure to particles and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS The cohort included all manual workers in the Swedish national census of 1980 with information on demographic data and occupation. Information on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction or other IHDs and cause of death were obtained from nation-wide registers. A job-exposure matrix for exposure to small (<1 μm) and large (>1 μm) particles was developed. HRs were calculated with Cox regression with adjustment for sex, age, socioeconomic group and urban/rural residential area. RESULTS Exposure to small particles was associated with an increased HR for acute myocardial infarction of 1.12 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.15), and HR for exposure to large particles was 1.14 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.18). The association was somewhat stronger for workers exposed to small particles for more than 5 years, 1.21 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.31), but no trend with exposure intensity was found. The risk associated with exposure to small particles was higher among women than among men, 1.30 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.51) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.14), respectively. Findings were essentially similar for other IHDs. CONCLUSIONS This explorative study gives some support to the hypothesis that occupational exposure to particles increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction and other IHD. The findings must be interpreted cautiously due to lack of smoking data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Wiebert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sjögren B, Lönn M, Feychting M, Kauppinen T, Plato N, Wiebert P, Gustavsson P. Occupational exposure to particles and incidence of stroke. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sjögren B, Lönn M, Fremling K, Feychting M, Nise G, Kauppinen T, Plato N, Wiebert P, Gustavsson P. Occupational exposure to particles and incidence of stroke. Scand J Work Environ Health 2012; 39:295-301. [DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Mannerås L, Fazliana M, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Lönn M, Gu HF, Ostenson CG, Stener-Victorin E. Beneficial metabolic effects of the Malaysian herb Labisia pumila var. alata in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:346-351. [PMID: 19883744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY New options are needed to prevent and treat metabolic disorders associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva)-a Malaysian herb thought to have phytoestrogenic effects-has shown promise in reducing body weight gain in ovariectomized rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPva on body composition and metabolic features in female rats treated continuously with dihydrotestosterone, starting before puberty, to induce PCOS. MATERIAL AND METHODS At 9 weeks of age, the PCOS rats were randomly subdivided into two groups; PCOS LPva and PCOS control. PCOS LPva rats received a daily oral dose of LPva (50mg/kg body weight), dissolved in 1 ml of deionised water, for 4-5 weeks. PCOS controls received 1 ml of deionised water on the same schedule. RESULTS LPva increased uterine weight (27%) and insulin sensitivity (36%) measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Plasma resistin levels were increased and lipid profile was improved in LPva rats. In adipose tissue, LPva decreased leptin mRNA expression but did not affect expression of resistin and adiponectin. No effects on body composition, adipocyte size, or plasma leptin levels were observed. CONCLUSION LPva increases uterine weight, indicating estrogenic effects, and improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in PCOS rats without affecting body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mannerås
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lindqvist H, Sandberg AS, Undeland I, Stener-Victorin E, Larsson BM, Sannaveerappa T, Lönn M, Holmäng A. Influence of herring (Clupea harengus) and herring fractions on metabolic status in rats fed a high energy diet. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 196:303-14. [PMID: 19076113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Few dietary studies have looked beyond fish oil to explain the beneficial metabolic effects of a fish-containing diet. Our aim was to study whether addition of herring, or sub-fractions of herring, could counteract negative metabolic effects known to be induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet. METHODS Rats were given six different diets: standard pellets; high energy diet with chicken mince (HiE control); high energy diet with herring mince (HiE herring); and high energy diet with chicken mince and either herring oil (HiE herring oil), herring press juice, PJ (HiE PJ) or herring low molecular weight PJ (HiE LMW-PJ). Factors associated with the metabolic syndrome were measured. RESULTS There were no differences in energy intake or body weight between the groups, but animals fed high energy diets had a higher body fat content compared with the pellet group, although not statistically significant in all groups. Mesenteric adipocyte size was smaller in the HiE herring oil group compared with the HiE control. Glucose clamp studies showed that, compared with the pellet group, the HiE control and HiE herring diets, but not the HiE herring oil diet, induced insulin resistance. Addition of herring or herring oil to the high energy diet decreased total cholesterol levels, triacylglycerols and the atherogenic index compared with the HiE control group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that addition of herring or herring oil counteracts negative effects on blood lipids induced by a high energy diet. The lipid component of herring thus seems to be responsible for these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lindqvist
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Paupe V, Dassa EP, Goncalves S, Auchère F, Lönn M, Holmgren A, Rustin P. Impaired nuclear Nrf2 translocation undermines the oxidative stress response in Friedreich ataxia. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4253. [PMID: 19158945 PMCID: PMC2617762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich ataxia originates from a decrease in mitochondrial frataxin, which causes the death of a subset of neurons. The biochemical hallmarks of the disease include low activity of the iron sulfur cluster-containing proteins (ISP) and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms that may play a major role in disease progression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We thus investigated signaling pathways involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms. We showed that cultured fibroblasts from patients with Friedreich ataxia exhibited hypersensitivity to oxidative insults because of an impairment in the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which led to faulty induction of antioxidant enzymes. This impairment originated from previously reported actin remodeling by hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the defective machinery for ISP synthesis by causing mitochondrial iron dysmetabolism increases hydrogen peroxide production that accounts for the increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paupe
- Inserm, U676, Hôpital Robert Debré, Bât. Ecran, Paris, France
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Mannerås L, Lönn M, Stener-Victorin E. Electro-acupuncture and physical exercise reduce mesenteric adipose tissue gene expression of sympathetic markers in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Sphagnum (peatmoss) dominates huge areas of the Northern Hemisphere and acts as a significant carbon sink on a global scale, yet little is known about the genetic structure of Sphagnum populations. We investigated genetic structure within a population of the common peatmoss Sphagnum fuscum, to assess local patterns of genetic diversity and the spatial extent of clones. One hundred seventeen shoots were sampled from five transects in Fuglmyra, central Norway, and sequenced for three anonymous DNA regions. Five neighbourhood patches were marked along each transect, and from each patch, five stems were sampled for molecular analyses. Seventeen haplotypes could be distinguished and two major groups of haplotypes differed by 12 mutational steps. The two major haplotype groups differed significantly in microhabitat association along the distance to groundwater table and the pH gradients, indicating microhabitat differentiation. The haplotypes within these groups were all genetically similar, differing by one or two mutations. The most common haplotype occurred in four transects separated by 250-m distance. Most of the molecular variation in the population was found among transects, and within patches. Large dominating clones within each transect resulted in low variation explained by the among-patch-within-transect component of spatial structure. Mutation appears to account for a larger proportion of the population variation than recombination. Within the population, vegetative growth and asexual reproduction from gametophyte fragments dominate as the main reproductive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gunnarsson
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Abstract
Using fast-evolving microsatellites, more slowly evolving ITS markers and performing habitat analyses, we demonstrated a drastic genetic divergence and significant habitat differentiation between early- and late-flowering variants of plants morphologically belonging to Gymnadenia conopsea ssp conopsea. The two phenological variants can either be found in separate or in mixed populations. Information from microsatellite markers and ITS sequences indicated the occurrence of an early historical split between the two flowering-time variants, a split that has been maintained until the present time even within sympatric populations. Early-flowering variants were also far more genetically diverse, had more alleles per microsatellite locus and a wider habitat amplitude than late-flowering variants. As a comparison, we included G. odoratissima in the sequencing study. We found G. odoratissima to be most closely related to the early-flowering type. This indicates a more ancient divergence event between the two flowering-time variants within G. conopsea ssp conopsea than between the two different species G. odoratissima and the early-flowering variant of G. conopsea. Possible explanations to the results arrived at and possible mechanisms maintaining the genetic separation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gustafsson
- Department of Conservation Biology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lönn M, Prentice HC, Tegelström H. Genetic differentiation in Hippocrepis emerus (Leguminosae): allozyme and DNA fingerprint variation in disjunct Scandinavian populations. Mol Ecol 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1995.tb00190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lönn M, Tegelström H, Prentice HC. The synthetic (TG)n polydinucleotide: a probe for gene flow and paternity studies in wild plant populations? Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:1153. [PMID: 1549489 PMCID: PMC312116 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.5.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Lönn
- Department of Genetics, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Borgström E, Nyman C, Lönn M. ABH isoantigens, histology and DNA ploidy in 36 consecutive patients with transitional cell bladder cancer. Status of tumor and biopsies taken from visually normal urothelium. Urol Res 1987; 15:199-202. [PMID: 3672667 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors and biopsies from visibly normal urothelium in 36 consecutive patients with transitional cell bladder carcinoma were analysed for histological pathology, DNA ploidy and ABH isoantigens. Tumor isoantigen deletion correlated strongly with malignant histology (p = 0.016) and aneuploidy (p = 0.005). In 4/12 patients with ABH isoantigens present on the tumor, and in 6/8 with isoantigens absent, isoantigen changes were found in normal looking urothelium, usually with normal histology and ploidy. It was concluded that the ABH isoantigen change was an early event in bladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borgström
- Department of Urology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Forty-three patients who were papillotomied according to Doubilet were followed up for 20-25 years after the papillotomy in an attempt to predict the long-term effects of endoscopic papillotomy (EPT). The indications for the initial papillotomy was common bile duct stones in 20 patients, and elevated serum amylase in 23. The papillotomy was performed in conjunction with a cholecystectomy. No negative effects were found at follow-up, and this study therefore seems to show that the long-term risks of EPT are minimal.
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