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Pulido-Camarillo E, Sahaza JH, de Souza Pitangui N, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM, Pérez-Torres A, Taylor ML. Unusual Differences in the Pulmonary Histopathology of Mice after Intranasal Infection with Mycelial Propagules of Histoplasma capsulatum Strains Classified as LAm A2 and NAm 2 Phylogenetic Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:974. [PMID: 37888230 PMCID: PMC10607723 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of systemic respiratory mycosis histoplasmosis, which sometimes develops acute disseminated or chronic clinical forms, with the latter usually associated with granuloma formation. The present report shows differential histopathological changes in the pulmonary inflammatory response of mice infected intranasally with the mycelial morphotype of H. capsulatum strains with distinct genotypes, EH-46 and G-217B, classified as LAm A2 and NAm 2 phylogenetic species, respectively. Infected male BALB/c mice were sacrificed at different postinfection times, and their serial lung sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff and analyzed via microscopy. In mice infected with the LAm A2 strain, the results showed progressive changes in the inflammatory infiltrate of the lung parenchyma during the first hours and days postinfection as well as granulomas with macrophages containing intracellular yeast cells, which prevailed at 14 and 21 days postinfection. Bronchiolar-associated lymphoid tissue was induced in mice infected with both strains, primarily in mice infected with the NAm 2 strain. Several lung sections from mice infected with the LAm A2 strain showed PAS-positive yeast cells aggregated in a perinuclear crown-like arrangement in macrophages from 3 h to 21 days postinfection. These findings highlight differences in the host pulmonary inflammatory response associated with distinct H. capsulatum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Pulido-Camarillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Jorge H. Sahaza
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Maria José S. Mendes-Giannini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.J.S.M.-G.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.J.S.M.-G.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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2
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Wescott DL, Taylor ML, Klevens AM, Franzen PL, Roecklein KA. Waking up on the wrong side of the bed: Depression severity moderates daily associations between sleep duration and morning affect. J Sleep Res 2023:e14010. [PMID: 37621222 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mornings are salient times for disrupted affect that may be impacted by prior sleep. The current study extends work linking sleep disruptions with negative affect by examining how nightly changes in sleep duration, timing, and quality relative to a person's average impact morning affect. We further tested whether depression severity moderated the relationship between nightly variations in sleep and morning affect. This is a secondary analysis of participants ages 18-65 years with varying levels of depression (N = 91) who wore an Actiwatch for 3-17 days (n = 73) while reporting morning affect using a visual analogue scale. Multilevel models tested the previous night's sleep duration, timing, or quality as a predictor of morning affect. Sleep measures were group-mean centred to account for nightly variation in participants' sleep. A cross-level interaction between depression severity and nightly sleep was entered. Sleeping longer (b = 0.1; p < 0.001) and later (b = 1.8; p = 0.01) than usual were both associated with better morning mood. There was a significant interaction between nightly actigraphic sleep duration and depression severity on morning affect (b = 0.003; p = 0.003). Participants with higher depression severity reported worse affect upon waking after sleeping less than their usual. In comparison, sleeping less than usual did not affect morning affect ratings for participants with lower depression. A similar interaction was found for sleep quality (b = 0.02; p < 0.001). There was no interaction for midsleep timing. Sleeping less than usual impacted morning affect in individuals with greater depression, potentially suggesting a pathway by which sleep disturbances perpetuate depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Wescott
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M L Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A M Klevens
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K A Roecklein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ramírez JA, Reyes-Montes MDR, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Pérez-Torres A, Taylor ML. Central Nervous System Histoplasmosis: An Updated Insight. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050681. [PMID: 37242351 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is one of the systemic mycoses that can involve the Central Nervous System (CNS), and it is caused by the dimorphic ascomycete species of the Histoplasma capsulatum complex. Once in the CNS, this pathogen causes life-threatening injuries that are associated with clinical manifestations of meningitis, focal lesions (abscesses, histoplasmomas), and spinal cord injuries. The present review provides updated data and highlights a particular vision regarding this mycosis and its causative agent, as well as its epidemiology, clinical forms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy, focusing on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Ramírez
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - María Del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanes
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Benamar M, Chen Q, Chou J, Julé AM, Boudra R, Contini P, Crestani E, Lai PS, Wang M, Fong J, Rockwitz S, Lee P, Chan TMF, Altun EZ, Kepenekli E, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Ozen A, Boran P, Aygun F, Onal P, Sakalli AAK, Cokugras H, Gelmez MY, Oktelik FB, Cetin EA, Zhong Y, Taylor ML, Irby K, Halasa NB, Mack EH, Signa S, Prigione I, Gattorno M, Cotugno N, Amodio D, Geha RS, Son MB, Newburger J, Agrawal PB, Volpi S, Palma P, Kiykim A, Randolph AG, Deniz G, Baris S, De Palma R, Schmitz-Abe K, Charbonnier LM, Henderson LA, Chatila TA. The Notch1/CD22 signaling axis disrupts Treg function in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163235. [PMID: 36282598 PMCID: PMC9797337 DOI: 10.1172/jci163235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) evolves in some pediatric patients following acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 by hitherto unknown mechanisms. Whereas acute-COVID-19 severity and outcomes were previously correlated with Notch4 expression on Tregs, here, we show that Tregs in MIS-C were destabilized through a Notch1-dependent mechanism. Genetic analysis revealed that patients with MIS-C had enrichment of rare deleterious variants affecting inflammation and autoimmunity pathways, including dominant-negative mutations in the Notch1 regulators NUMB and NUMBL leading to Notch1 upregulation. Notch1 signaling in Tregs induced CD22, leading to their destabilization in a mTORC1-dependent manner and to the promotion of systemic inflammation. These results identify a Notch1/CD22 signaling axis that disrupts Treg function in MIS-C and point to distinct immune checkpoints controlled by individual Treg Notch receptors that shape the inflammatory outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amélie M. Julé
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rafik Boudra
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Contini
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Crestani
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peggy S. Lai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muyun Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Fong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shira Rockwitz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Pui Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsz Man Fion Chan
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ekin Zeynep Altun
- Ministry of Healthy, Marmara University Education and Training Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Kepenekli
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perran Boran
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Social Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aygun
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Onal
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ayzit Kilinc Sakalli
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haluk Cokugras
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yusuf Gelmez
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betul Oktelik
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Aktas Cetin
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yuelin Zhong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Irby
- Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sara Signa
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy and Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Ignazia Prigione
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Roma, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raif S. Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Beth Son
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane Newburger
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine and Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefano Volpi
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy and Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Roma, Italy
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (IBC), Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Charbonnier
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren A. Henderson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Talal A. Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Vite-Garín T, Estrada-Bárcenas DA, Gernandt DS, Reyes-Montes MDR, Sahaza JH, Canteros CE, Ramírez JA, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Serra-Damasceno L, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Taylor JW, Taylor ML. Histoplasma capsulatum Isolated from Tadarida brasiliensis Bats Captured in Mexico Form a Sister Group to North American Class 2 Clade. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:529. [PMID: 34209122 PMCID: PMC8305335 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus associated with respiratory and systemic infections in mammalian hosts that have inhaled infective mycelial propagules. A phylogenetic reconstruction of this pathogen, using partial sequences of arf, H-anti, ole1, and tub1 protein-coding genes, proposed that H. capsulatum has at least 11 phylogenetic species, highlighting a clade (BAC1) comprising three H. capsulatum isolates from infected bats captured in Mexico. Here, relationships for each individual locus and the concatenated coding regions of these genes were inferred using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Coalescent-based analyses, a concatenated sequence-types (CSTs) network, and nucleotide diversities were also evaluated. The results suggest that six H. capsulatum isolates from the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis together with one isolate from a Mormoops megalophylla bat support a NAm 3 clade, replacing the formerly reported BAC1 clade. In addition, three H. capsulatum isolates from T. brasiliensis were classified as lineages. The concatenated sequence analyses and the CSTs network validate these findings, suggesting that NAm 3 is related to the North American class 2 clade and that both clades could share a recent common ancestor. Our results provide original information on the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and host specificity of H. capsulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vite-Garín
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Daniel A. Estrada-Bárcenas
- Colección Nacional de Cepas Microbianas y Cultivos Celulares, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV, IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - David S. Gernandt
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Jorge H. Sahaza
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Cristina E. Canteros
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina;
| | - José A. Ramírez
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanes
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Lisandra Serra-Damasceno
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-610, Brazil;
| | - Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, Instituto Nacional de Infectología Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - John W. Taylor
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
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6
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Fregonezi NF, Oliveira LT, Singulani JDL, Marcos CM, Dos Santos CT, Taylor ML, Mendes-Giannini MJS, de Oliveira HC, Fusco-Almeida AM. Heat Shock Protein 60, Insights to Its Importance in Histoplasma capsulatum: From Biofilm Formation to Host-Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:591950. [PMID: 33553002 PMCID: PMC7862341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.591950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are among the most widely distributed and evolutionary conserved proteins, acting as essential regulators of diverse constitutive metabolic processes. The Hsp60 of the dimorphic fungal Histoplasma capsulatum is the major surface adhesin to mammalian macrophages and studies of antibody-mediated protection against H. capsulatum have provided insight into the complexity involving Hsp60. However, nothing is known about the role of Hsp60 regarding biofilms, a mechanism of virulence exhibited by H. capsulatum. Considering this, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of the Hsp60 on biofilm features of H. capsulatum. Also, the non-conventional model Galleria mellonella was used to verify the effect of this protein during in vivo interaction. The use of invertebrate models such as G. mellonella is highly proposed for the evaluation of pathogenesis, immune response, virulence mechanisms, and antimicrobial compounds. For that purpose, we used a monoclonal antibody (7B6) against Hsp60 and characterized the biofilm of two H. capsulatum strains by metabolic activity, biomass content, and images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We also evaluated the survival rate of G. mellonella infected with both strains under blockage of Hsp60. The results showed that mAb 7B6 was effective to reduce the metabolic activity and biomass of both H. capsulatum strains. Furthermore, the biofilms of cells treated with the antibody were thinner as well as presented a lower amount of cells and extracellular polymeric matrix compared to its non-treated controls. The blockage of Hsp60 before fungal infection of G. mellonella larvae also resulted in a significant increase of the larvae survival compared to controls. Our results highlight for the first time the importance of the Hsp60 protein to the establishment of the H. capsulatum biofilms and the G. mellonella larvae infection. Interestingly, the results with Hsp60 mAb 7B6 in this invertebrate model suggest a pattern of fungus-host interaction different from those previously found in a murine model, which can be due to the different features between insect and mammalian immune cells such as the absence of Fc receptors in hemocytes. However further studies are needed to support this hypothesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Gonçalves LNC, Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Da Silva RAM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Taylor ML, Fusco-Almeida AM. Biofilm Formation by Histoplasma capsulatum in Different Culture Media and Oxygen Atmospheres. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1455. [PMID: 32754126 PMCID: PMC7365857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that causes an important systemic mycosis called histoplasmosis. It is an infectious disease with high prevalence and morbidity that affects the general population. Recently, the ability of these fungi to form biofilms, a phenotype that can induce resistance and enhance virulence, has been described. Despite some efforts, data regarding the impact of nutrients and culture media that affect the H. capsulatum biofilm development in vitro are not yet available. This work aimed to study H. capsulatum biofilms, by checking the influence of different culture media and oxygen atmospheres in the development of these communities. The biofilm formation by two strains (EH-315 and G186A) was characterized under different culture media: [Brain and Heart Infusion (BHI), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) with 2% glucose, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and nutrient medium HAM-F12 (HAM-F12) supplemented with glucose (18.2 g/L), glutamic acid (1 g/L), HEPES (6 g/L) and L-cysteine (8.4 mg/L)] and oxygen atmospheres (aerobiosis and microaerophilia), using the XTT reduction assay to quantify metabolic activities, crystal violet staining for biomass, safranin staining for the quantification of polysaccharide material and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the observation of topographies. Results indicated that although all culture mediums have stimulated the maturation of the communities, HAM-F12 provided the best development of biomass and polysaccharide material when compared to others. Regarding the oxygen atmospheres, both stimulated an excellent development of the communities, however in low oxygen conditions an exuberant amount of extracellular matrix was observed when compared to biofilms formed in aerobiosis, mainly in the HAM-F12 media. SEM images showed yeasts embedded by an extracellular matrix in several points, corroborating the colorimetric assays. However, biofilms formed in BHI, RPMI, and DMEM significantly induced yeast to hyphae reversal, requiring further investigation. The results obtained so far contribute to in vitro study of biofilms formed by these fungi and show that nutrition promoted by different media modifies the development of these communities. These data represent advances in the field of biofilms and contribute to future studies that can prove the role of these communities in the fungi-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Department of Para Clinic, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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8
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Suárez-Álvarez RO, Sahaza JH, Berzunza-Cruz M, Becker I, Curiel-Quesada E, Pérez-Torres A, Reyes-Montes MDR, Taylor ML. Dimorphism and Dissemination of Histoplasma capsulatum in the Upper Respiratory Tract after Intranasal Infection of Bats and Mice with Mycelial Propagules. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:716-723. [PMID: 31287042 PMCID: PMC6726946 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes, for the first time, the role of the nasal mucosa (NM) as the initial site for the Histoplasma capsulatum mycelial-to-yeast transition. The results highlight that yeasts may arrive to the cervical lymph nodes (CLN) via phagocytes. Bats and mice were intranasally infected with H. capsulatum mycelial propagules and they were killed 10, 20, and 40 minutes and 1, 2, and 3 hours after infection. The NM and the CLN were monitored for fungal presence. Yeasts compatible with H. capsulatum were detected within the NM and the CLN dendritic cells (DCs) 2–3 hours postinfection, using immunohistochemistry. Histoplasma capsulatum was re-isolated by culturing at 28°C from the CLN of both mammalian hosts 2–3 hours postinfection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays were designed to identify fungal dimorphism, using mycelial-specific (MS8) and yeast-specific (YPS3) gene expression. This strategy supported fast fungal dimorphism in vivo, which began in the NM 1 hour postinfection (a time point when MS8 and YPS3 genes were expressed) and it was completed at 3 hours (a time point when only the YPS3 transcripts were detected) in both bats and mice. The presence of intracellular yeasts in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), in the NM nonassociated with the NALT, and within the interdigitating DCs of the CLN suggests early fungal dissemination via the lymph vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto O Suárez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge H Sahaza
- Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia.,Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Berzunza-Cruz
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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9
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Sahaza JH, Rodríguez-Arellanez G, Canteros CE, Reyes-Montes MDR, Taylor ML. Thermotolerance of Histoplasma capsulatum at 40 °C predominates among clinical isolates from different Latin American regions. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 24:44-50. [PMID: 31987782 PMCID: PMC9392019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast phase of 22 Histoplasma capsulatum clinical isolates from Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, and Guatemala and three reference strains, one from Panama and two from the United States of America (USA), were screened for thermosensitivity characteristics using different analyses. Growth curves at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 30 h of incubation at 37 and 40 °C, the growth inhibition percentage at 40 °C, and the doubling time at 37 and 40 °C were determined for all yeasts studied. Most of the isolates examined exhibited thermotolerant phenotypes at 40 °C, whereas a thermosensitive phenotype at 40 °C was only detected in the Downs reference strain from the USA. Growth inhibition values lower than 33.8% supported the predominance of the thermotolerant phenotype at 40 °C. The doubling time means found for the different isolates were 5.14 h ± 1.47 h at 37 °C and 5.55 h ± 1.87 h at 40 °C. This is the first report to underscore the predominance of thermotolerant and delayed doubling time phenotypes in H. capsulatum clinical isolates from different regions of Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Sahaza
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación Para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cristina E Canteros
- Departamento Micologı́a, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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10
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Damasceno LS, Vite-Garín T, Ramírez JA, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Almeida MAD, Muniz MDM, Mesquita JRLD, Leitão TDMJS, Taylor ML, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Mixed infection by Histoplasma capsulatum isolates with different mating types in Brazilian AIDS-patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e8. [PMID: 30785562 PMCID: PMC6376931 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed infection by Histoplasma capsulatum isolates with
different mating types, in AIDS-patients are described in this study.
Morphological, mating type-specific PCR assay and multilocus sequencing type
analysis of H. capsulatum isolates recovered from two Brazilian
AIDS-patients were performed. Five H. capsulatum isolates were
recovered at different times from the two patients. Three isolates were obtained
from bone marrow (day 1 – CE0411) and buffy coat cultures (day 1 – CE0311; day 2
– CE0511) of patient 1, and two isolates were isolated from buffy coat cultures
(day 3 – CE2813; day 12 – CE2513) of patient 2. The mycelial colonies depicted
different textures and pigmentation features. Dimorphic conversion to the
yeast-phase in ML-Gema medium was achieved in all isolates. MAT1-1 idiomorph was
identified in CE0311, CE0411 and CE2813 isolates; MAT1-2 idiomorph was found in
CE0511 and CE2513 isolates. These H. capsulatum isolates were
grouped within LAm A clade, highlighting that CE0311 and CE0411 isolates formed
a subgroup supported by a high bootstrap value. The CE0511, CE2513, and CE2813
isolates clustered together with a Brazilian H151 isolate. This research reports
mixed infections caused by H. capsulatum isolates with
different mating types in Brazilian AIDS-patients for the first time in the
literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Serra Damasceno
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tania Vite-Garín
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Antonio Ramírez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanes
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcos Abreu de Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Medeiros Muniz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Almeida-Silva F, Barbedo LS, Taylor ML, Muniz MDM, Guimarães AJ, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction as an improved method for screening Histoplasma capsulatum mating types. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180340. [PMID: 30231112 PMCID: PMC6140378 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a heterothallic ascomycete. The sexual reproduction of this fungus is regulated by the mating type (MAT1) locus that contains MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs, which were identified by uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study aimed to optimise single-step multiplex PCR for the accurate detection of the distinct mating types of H. capsulatum. Among the 26 isolates tested, 20 had MAT1-1 genotype, while six showed MAT1-2 genotype, in agreement with the uniplex PCR results. These results suggest that multiplex PCR is a fast and specific tool for screening H. capsulatum mating types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Almeida-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor de Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Silva Barbedo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor de Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia, Coari, AM, Brasil
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, DF, México
| | - Mauro de Medeiros Muniz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor de Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Allan Jefferson Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor de Imunodiagnóstico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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12
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Taylor ML, Roterman CN. Invertebrate population genetics across Earth's largest habitat: The deep-sea floor. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4872-4896. [PMID: 28833857 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the deep sea being the largest habitat on Earth, there are just 77 population genetic studies of invertebrates (115 species) inhabiting non-chemosynthetic ecosystems on the deep-sea floor (below 200 m depth). We review and synthesize the results of these papers. Studies reveal levels of genetic diversity comparable to shallow-water species. Generally, populations at similar depths were well connected over 100s-1,000s km, but studies that sampled across depth ranges reveal population structure at much smaller scales (100s-1,000s m) consistent with isolation by adaptation across environmental gradients, or the existence of physical barriers to connectivity with depth. Few studies were ocean-wide (under 4%), and 48% were Atlantic-focused. There is strong emphasis on megafauna and commercial species with research into meiofauna, "ecosystem engineers" and other ecologically important species lacking. Only nine papers account for ~50% of the planet's surface (depths below 3,500 m). Just two species were studied below 5,000 m, a quarter of Earth's seafloor. Most studies used single-locus mitochondrial genes revealing a common pattern of non-neutrality, consistent with demographic instability or selective sweeps; similar to deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. The absence of a clear difference between vent and non-vent could signify that demographic instability is common in the deep sea, or that selective sweeps render single-locus mitochondrial studies demographically uninformative. The number of population genetics studies to date is miniscule in relation to the size of the deep sea. The paucity of studies constrains meta-analyses where broad inferences about deep-sea ecology could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C N Roterman
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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14
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Keehan S, Taylor ML, Smith RL, Dunn L, Kron T, Franich RD. DOSE AND GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA FROM NEUTRON-INDUCED RADIOACTIVITY IN MEDICAL LINEAR ACCELERATORS FOLLOWING HIGH-ENERGY TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 172:327-332. [PMID: 26598738 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Production of radioisotopes in medical linear accelerators (linacs) is of concern when the beam energy exceeds the threshold for the photonuclear interaction. Staff and patients may receive a radiation dose as a result of the induced radioactivity in the linac. Gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to identify the isotopes produced following the delivery of 18 MV photon beams from a Varian 21EX and an Elekta Synergy. The prominent radioisotopes produced include 187W, 63Zn, 56Mn, 24Na and 28Al in both linac models. The dose rate was measured at the beam exit window (12.6 µSv in the first 10 min) following 18 MV total body irradiation (TBI) beams. For a throughput of 24 TBI patients per year, staff members are estimated to receive an annual dose of up to 750 μSv at the patient location. This can be further reduced to 65 μSv by closing the jaws before re-entering the treatment bunker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keehan
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M L Taylor
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R L Smith
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Dunn
- Australian Clinical Dosimetry Service, ARPANSA, Yallambie, Australia
| | - T Kron
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - R D Franich
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Frías-De-León MG, Ramírez-Bárcenas JA, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Velasco-Castrejón O, Taylor ML, Reyes-Montes MDR. Usefulness of molecular markers in the diagnosis of occupational and recreational histoplasmosis outbreaks. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:111-116. [PMID: 27726064 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is considered the most important systemic mycosis in Mexico, and its diagnosis requires fast and reliable methodologies. The present study evaluated the usefulness of PCR using Hcp100 and 1281-1283(220) molecular markers in detecting Histoplasma capsulatum in occupational and recreational outbreaks. Seven clinical serum samples of infected individuals from three different histoplasmosis outbreaks were processed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to titre anti-H. capsulatum antibodies and to extract DNA. Fourteen environmental samples were also processed for H. capsulatum isolation and DNA extraction. Both clinical and environmental DNA samples were analysed by PCR with Hcp100 and 1281-1283(220) markers. Antibodies to H. capsulatum were detected by ELISA in all serum samples using specific antigens, and in six of these samples, the PCR products of both molecular markers were amplified. Four environmental samples amplified one of the two markers, but only one sample amplified both markers and an isolate of H. capsulatum was cultured from this sample. All PCR products were sequenced, and the sequences for each marker were analysed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn), which revealed 95-98 and 98-100 % similarities with the reference sequences deposited in the GenBank for Hcp100 and 1281-1283(220), respectively. Both molecular markers proved to be useful in studying histoplasmosis outbreaks because they are matched for pathogen detection in either clinical or environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, 07760, Ciudad de Mexico, Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - José Antonio Ramírez-Bárcenas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No. 3000, Ciudad de México, Cd.Mx., 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No. 3000, Ciudad de México, Cd.Mx., 04510, Mexico
| | - Oscar Velasco-Castrejón
- Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis No. 148, Col. Doctores, 06726, Ciudad de Mexico Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No. 3000, Ciudad de México, Cd.Mx., 04510, Mexico
| | - María Del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No. 3000, Ciudad de México, Cd.Mx., 04510, Mexico.
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Abstract
Plastic waste is a distinctive indicator of the world-wide impact of anthropogenic activities. Both macro- and micro-plastics are found in the ocean, but as yet little is known about their ultimate fate and their impact on marine ecosystems. In this study we present the first evidence that microplastics are already becoming integrated into deep-water organisms. By examining organisms that live on the deep-sea floor we show that plastic microfibres are ingested and internalised by members of at least three major phyla with different feeding mechanisms. These results demonstrate that, despite its remote location, the deep sea and its fragile habitats are already being exposed to human waste to the extent that diverse organisms are ingesting microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - C Gwinnett
- Department of Forensic and Crime Science, Staffordshire University, Stoke-On-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - L F Robinson
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - L C Woodall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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17
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Carreto-Binaghi LE, Aliouat EM, Taylor ML. Surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, in respiratory fungal infections: their role in the inflammatory response. Respir Res 2016; 17:66. [PMID: 27250970 PMCID: PMC4888672 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex fluid that comprises phospholipids and four proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D) with different biological functions. SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D are essential for the lungs’ surface tension function and for the organization, stability and metabolism of lung parenchyma. SP-A and SP-D, which are also known as pulmonary collectins, have an important function in the host’s lung immune response; they act as opsonins for different pathogens via a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain and enhance the attachment to phagocytic cells or show their own microbicidal activity by increasing the cellular membrane permeability. Interactions between the pulmonary collectins and bacteria or viruses have been extensively studied, but this is not the same for fungal pathogens. SP-A and SP-D bind glucan and mannose residues from fungal cell wall, but there is still a lack of information on their binding to other fungal carbohydrate residues. In addition, both their relation with immune cells for the clearance of these pathogens and the role of surfactant proteins’ regulation during respiratory fungal infections remain unknown. Here we highlight the relevant findings associated with SP-A and SP-D in those respiratory mycoses where the fungal infective propagules reach the lungs by the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - El Moukhtar Aliouat
- Laboratoire Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, CIIL Institut Pasteur de Lille, Bâtiment Guérin, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
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Pitangui NDS, Sardi JDCO, Voltan AR, Dos Santos CT, da Silva JDF, da Silva RAM, Souza FO, Soares CP, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Taylor ML, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. An Intracellular Arrangement of Histoplasma capsulatum Yeast-Aggregates Generates Nuclear Damage to the Cultured Murine Alveolar Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1526. [PMID: 26793172 PMCID: PMC4707385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is responsible for a human systemic mycosis that primarily affects lung tissue. Macrophages are the major effector cells in humans that respond to the fungus, and the development of respiratory disease depends on the ability of Histoplasma yeast cells to survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages. Therefore, the interaction between macrophages and H. capsulatum is a decisive step in the yeast dissemination into host tissues. Although the role played by components of cell-mediated immunity in the host's defense system and the mechanisms used by the pathogen to evade the host immune response are well understood, knowledge regarding the effects induced by H. capsulatum in host cells at the nuclear level is limited. According to the present findings, H. capsulatum yeast cells display a unique architectural arrangement during the intracellular infection of cultured murine alveolar macrophages, characterized as a formation of aggregates that seem to surround the host cell nucleus, resembling a “crown.” This extranuclear organization of yeast-aggregates generates damage on the nucleus of the host cell, producing DNA fragmentation and inducing apoptosis, even though the yeast cells are not located inside the nucleus and do not trigger changes in nuclear proteins. The current study highlights a singular intracellular arrangement of H. capsulatum yeast near to the nucleus of infected murine alveolar macrophages that may contribute to the yeast's persistence under intracellular conditions, since this fungal pathogen may display different strategies to prevent elimination by the host's phagocytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline R Voltan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia T Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela A M da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe O Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane P Soares
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanes
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City, México
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City, México
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Giraldo-Perez P, Herrera P, Campbell A, Taylor ML, Skeats A, Aggio R, Wedell N, Price TAR. Winter is coming: hibernation reverses the outcome of sperm competition in a fly. J Evol Biol 2015; 29:371-9. [PMID: 26565889 PMCID: PMC4784169 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sperm commonly compete within females to fertilize ova, but research has focused on short‐term sperm storage: sperm that are maintained in a female for only a few days or weeks before use. In nature, females of many species store sperm for months or years, often during periods of environmental stress, such as cold winters. Here we examine the outcome of sperm competition in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, simulating the conditions in which females survive winter. We mated females to two males and then stored the female for up to 120 days at 4°C. We found that the outcome of sperm competition was consistent when sperm from two males was stored for 0, 1 or 30 days, with the last male to mate fathering most of the offspring. However, when females were stored in the cold for 120 days, the last male to mate fathered less than 5% of the offspring. Moreover, when sperm were stored long term the first male fathered almost all offspring even when he carried a meiotic driving sex chromosome that drastically reduces sperm competitive success under short‐term storage conditions. This suggests that long‐term sperm storage can radically alter the outcome of sperm competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giraldo-Perez
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Herrera
- Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Campbell
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M L Taylor
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - A Skeats
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - R Aggio
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Wedell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - T A R Price
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Damasceno LS, Leitão TMJS, Taylor ML, Muniz MM, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. The use of genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 35:19-27. [PMID: 26589702 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungal pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. This disease has worldwide distribution and affects mainly immunocompromised individuals. In the environment, H. capsulatum grows as mold but undergoes a morphologic transition to the yeast morphotype under special conditions. Molecular techniques are important tools to conduct epidemiologic investigations for fungal detection, identification of infection sources, and determination of different fungal genotypes associated to a particular disease symptom. In this study, we performed a systematic review in the PubMed database to improve the understanding about the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis. This search was restricted to English and Spanish articles. We included a combination of specific keywords: molecular typing [OR] genetic diversity [OR] polymorphism [AND] H. capsulatum; molecular epidemiology [AND] histoplasmosis; and molecular epidemiology [AND] Histoplasma. In addition, we used the specific terms: histoplasmosis [AND] outbreaks. Non-English or non-Spanish articles, dead links, and duplicate results were excluded from the review. The results reached show that the main methods used for molecular typing of H. capsulatum were: restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, microsatellites polymorphism, sequencing of internal transcribed spacers region, and multilocus sequence typing. Different genetic profiles were identified among H. capsulatum isolates, which can be grouped according to their source, geographical origin, and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Damasceno
- FIOCRUZ-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, INI-Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T M J S Leitão
- Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Faculdade de Medicina, UFC-Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-140, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M L Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, DF, Mexico
| | - M M Muniz
- FIOCRUZ-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, INI-Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Zancopé-Oliveira
- FIOCRUZ-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, INI-Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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21
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Sahaza JH, Suárez-Alvarez R, Estrada-Bárcenas DA, Pérez-Torres A, Taylor ML. Profile of cytokines in the lungs of BALB/c mice after intra-nasal infection with Histoplasma capsulatum mycelial propagules. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 41:1-9. [PMID: 26264521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The host pulmonary response to the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum was evaluated, through the profile of cytokines detected by the MagPix magnetic beads platform in lung homogenates and by lung-granulomas formation, from mice intra-nasally infected with mycelial propagules (M-phase) of two virulent H. capsulatum strains, EH-46 and G-217B. Results highlight that mice lung inflammatory response depends on the H. capsulatum strain used, during the first step of the fungal infection. IL-1β and TNF-α increased their concentrations in mice infected with both strains. The highest levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were found in EH-46-infected mice, whereas levels of IL-22 were variable at all post-infection times for both strains. Significant increases of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 were associated to EH-46-infected mice. Histological lung findings from EH-46-infected mice revealed incipient and numerous well-developed granulomas, distributed in lung-lobes at the 14th and the 21st days after infection, according to cytokine profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Humberto Sahaza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico; Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Daniel Alfonso Estrada-Bárcenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico; Colección Nacional de Cultivos Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Filogenia del Sistema Inmune de Piel y Mucosas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México DF, Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico.
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22
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Irinyi L, Serena C, Garcia-Hermoso D, Arabatzis M, Desnos-Ollivier M, Vu D, Cardinali G, Arthur I, Normand AC, Giraldo A, da Cunha KC, Sandoval-Denis M, Hendrickx M, Nishikaku AS, de Azevedo Melo AS, Merseguel KB, Khan A, Parente Rocha JA, Sampaio P, da Silva Briones MR, e Ferreira RC, de Medeiros Muniz M, Castañón-Olivares LR, Estrada-Barcenas D, Cassagne C, Mary C, Duan SY, Kong F, Sun AY, Zeng X, Zhao Z, Gantois N, Botterel F, Robbertse B, Schoch C, Gams W, Ellis D, Halliday C, Chen S, Sorrell TC, Piarroux R, Colombo AL, Pais C, de Hoog S, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Taylor ML, Toriello C, de Almeida Soares CM, Delhaes L, Stubbe D, Dromer F, Ranque S, Guarro J, Cano-Lira JF, Robert V, Velegraki A, Meyer W. International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)-ITS reference DNA barcoding database--the quality controlled standard tool for routine identification of human and animal pathogenic fungi. Med Mycol 2015; 53:313-37. [PMID: 25802363 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal fungal pathogens are a growing threat worldwide leading to emerging infections and creating new risks for established ones. There is a growing need for a rapid and accurate identification of pathogens to enable early diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy. Morphological and biochemical identification methods are time-consuming and require trained experts. Alternatively, molecular methods, such as DNA barcoding, a powerful and easy tool for rapid monophasic identification, offer a practical approach for species identification and less demanding in terms of taxonomical expertise. However, its wide-spread use is still limited by a lack of quality-controlled reference databases and the evolving recognition and definition of new fungal species/complexes. An international consortium of medical mycology laboratories was formed aiming to establish a quality controlled ITS database under the umbrella of the ISHAM working group on "DNA barcoding of human and animal pathogenic fungi." A new database, containing 2800 ITS sequences representing 421 fungal species, providing the medical community with a freely accessible tool at http://www.isham.org/ and http://its.mycologylab.org/ to rapidly and reliably identify most agents of mycoses, was established. The generated sequences included in the new database were used to evaluate the variation and overall utility of the ITS region for the identification of pathogenic fungi at intra-and interspecies level. The average intraspecies variation ranged from 0 to 2.25%. This highlighted selected pathogenic fungal species, such as the dermatophytes and emerging yeast, for which additional molecular methods/genetic markers are required for their reliable identification from clinical and veterinary specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Irinyi
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Bioscurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carolina Serena
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Bioscurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Joan XXIII, Institut de Investigacio Sanitaria Rovira I Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dea Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Molecular Mycology Unit; CNRS URA3012, Paris, France
| | - Michael Arabatzis
- Mycology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, the University of Athens Hellenic Collection of Pathogenic Fungi (UOA/HCPF), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marie Desnos-Ollivier
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Molecular Mycology Unit; CNRS URA3012, Paris, France
| | - Duong Vu
- CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ian Arthur
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne-Cécile Normand
- Parasitology - Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR MD3 IP-TPT, Marseille, France
| | - Alejandra Giraldo
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Keith Cassia da Cunha
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marcelo Sandoval-Denis
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marijke Hendrickx
- BCCM/IHEM, Biomedical fungi and yeasts collection, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angela Satie Nishikaku
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Analy Salles de Azevedo Melo
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aziza Khan
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Bioscurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana Alves Parente Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paula Sampaio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Biology Department, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro da Silva Briones
- Laboratório de Genômica e Biocomplexidade Evolutiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Carmona e Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica e Biocomplexidade Evolutiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Medeiros Muniz
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Rosio Castañón-Olivares
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología (Unidad de Micología), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Estrada-Barcenas
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología (Unidad de Micología), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carole Cassagne
- Parasitology - Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR MD3 IP-TPT, Marseille, France
| | - Charles Mary
- Parasitology - Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR MD3 IP-TPT, Marseille, France
| | - Shu Yao Duan
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Bioscurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Annie Ying Sun
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Xianyu Zeng
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Zuotao Zhao
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- BDEEP-EA4547, CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille2, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Botterel
- Unité de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Dynamyc Team, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Barbara Robbertse
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Conrad Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Walter Gams
- CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Ellis
- Mycology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catriona Halliday
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon Chen
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Bioscurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Bioscurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Parasitology - Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR MD3 IP-TPT, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaldo L Colombo
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Pais
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Biology Department, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología (Unidad de Micología), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Conchita Toriello
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología (Unidad de Micología), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- BDEEP-EA4547, CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille2, Lille, France
| | - Dirk Stubbe
- BCCM/IHEM, Biomedical fungi and yeasts collection, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Dromer
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Molecular Mycology Unit; CNRS URA3012, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Parasitology - Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR MD3 IP-TPT, Marseille, France
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jose F Cano-Lira
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Vincent Robert
- CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Mycology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, the University of Athens Hellenic Collection of Pathogenic Fungi (UOA/HCPF), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Bioscurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
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Sahaza JH, Pérez-Torres A, Zenteno E, Taylor ML. Usefulness of the murine model to study the immune response against Histoplasma capsulatum infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 37:143-52. [PMID: 24766724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is an overview of the primary events that are associated with the histoplasmosis immune response in the murine model. Valuable data that have been recorded in the scientific literature have contributed to an improved understanding of the clinical course of this systemic mycosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Data must be analyzed carefully, given that misinterpretation could be generated because most of the available information is based on experimental host-parasite interactions that used inappropriate proceedings, i.e., the non-natural route of infection with the parasitic and virulent fungal yeast-phase, which is not the usual infective phase of the etiological agent of this mycosis. Thus, due to their versatility, complexity, and similarities with humans, several murine models have played a fundamental role in exploring the host-parasite interaction during H. capsulatum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Sahaza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, DF 04510, Mexico; Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Filogenia del Sistema Inmune de Piel y Mucosas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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González-González AE, Aliouat-Denis CM, Ramírez-Bárcenas JA, Demanche C, Pottier M, Carreto-Binaghi LE, Akbar H, Derouiche S, Chabé M, Aliouat EM, Dei-Cas E, Taylor ML. Histoplasma capsulatum and Pneumocystis spp. co-infection in wild bats from Argentina, French Guyana, and Mexico. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:23. [PMID: 24495513 PMCID: PMC3916801 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histoplasma capsulatum and Pneumocystis organisms cause host infections primarily affecting the lung tissue. H. capsulatum is endemic in the United States of America and Latin American countries. In special environments, H. capsulatum is commonly associated with bat and bird droppings. Pneumocystis-host specificity has been primarily studied in laboratory animals, and its ability to be harboured by wild animals remains as an important issue for understanding the spread of this pathogen in nature. Bats infected with H. capsulatum or Pneumocystis spp. have been found, with this mammal serving as a probable reservoir and disperser; however, the co-infection of bats with both of these microorganisms has never been explored. To evaluate the impact of H. capsulatum and Pneumocystis spp. infections in this flying mammal, 21 bat lungs from Argentina (AR), 13 from French Guyana (FG), and 88 from Mexico (MX) were screened using nested-PCR of the fragments, employing the Hcp100 locus for H. capsulatum and the mtLSUrRNA and mtSSUrRNA loci for Pneumocystis organisms. Results Of the 122 bats studied, 98 revealed H. capsulatum infections in which 55 of these bats exhibited this infection alone. In addition, 51 bats revealed Pneumocystis spp. infection of which eight bats exhibited a Pneumocystis infection alone. A total of 43 bats (eight from AR, one from FG, and 34 from MX) were found co-infected with both fungi, representing a co-infection rate of 35.2% (95% CI = 26.8-43.6%). Conclusion The data highlights the H. capsulatum and Pneumocystis spp.co-infection in bat population’s suggesting interplay with this wild host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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Estrada-Bárcenas DA, Vite-Garín T, Navarro-Barranco H, de la Torre-Arciniega R, Pérez-Mejía A, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Ramirez JA, Humberto Sahaza J, Taylor ML, Toriello C. Genetic diversity of Histoplasma and Sporothrix complexes based on sequences of their ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions from the BOLD System. Rev Iberoam Micol 2014; 31:90-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Taylor ML, Zenteno-Galindo E, Villa-Tanaca L, López-Romero E. Workshop Oaxaca. Rev Iberoam Micol 2014; 31:1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Lonski P, Taylor ML, Franich RD, Kron T. A collimated detection system for assessing leakage dose from medical linear accelerators at the patient plane. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2013; 37:15-23. [PMID: 24318958 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-013-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leakage radiation from linear accelerators can make a significant contribution to healthy tissue dose in patients undergoing radiotherapy. In this work thermoluminescent dosimeters (LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD chips) were used in a focused lead cone loaded with TLD chips for the purpose of evaluating leakage dose at the patient plane. By placing the TLDs at one end of a stereotactic cone, a focused measurement device is created; this was tested both in and out of the primary beam of a Varian 21-iX linac using 6 MV photons. Acrylic build up material of 1.2 cm thickness was used inside the cone and measurements made with either one or three TLD chips at a given distance from the target. Comparing the readings of three dosimeters in one plane inside the cone offered information regarding the orientation of the cone relative to a radiation source. Measurements in the patient plane with the linac gantry at various angles demonstrated that leakage dose was approximately 0.01% of the primary beam out of field when the cone was pointed directly towards the target and 0.0025% elsewhere (due to scatter within the gantry). No specific 'hot spots' (e.g., insufficient shielding or gaps at abutments) were observed. Focused cone measurements facilitate leakage dose measurements from the linac head directly at the patient plane and allow one to infer the fraction of leakage due to 'direct' photons (along the ray-path from the bremsstrahlung target) and that due to scattered photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lonski
- Physical Sciences Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia,
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Muniz MM, Sousa CN, Evangelista Oliveira MM, Pizzini CV, Almeida MA, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Taylor ML, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Sexual variability in Histoplasma capsulatum and its possible distribution: what is going on? Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 31:7-10. [PMID: 24262630 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungal pathogen naturally found in the soil. Inhalation of conidia can result in pulmonary histoplasmosis and, in some cases, causes severe disseminated disease and death. This fungus is an ascomycete that has an anamorphic or asexual stage and a teleomorphic or sexual stage, known as Ajellomyces capsulatus, which results from (+) and (-) mating types. Sexual reproduction is regulated by a specialized genomic region known as the mating-type (MAT1) locus. The mating process in this heterothallic species is represented by isolates that contain only one of the two different MAT1 locus idiomorphs (MAT1-1 or MAT1-2) that have unrelated sequences encoding different transcription factors. In medically important dimorphic pathogens and in most ascomycete molds, one MAT locus idiomorph encodes a high-mobility-group (HMG) box-domain transcription factor, and the other idiomorph encodes an alpha-box domain transcription factor. There is scarce molecular information about H. capsulatum mating type although recombinant population structures have been reported that could occur in nature and this process has been documented in distinct models such as parasites and other fungi. In this review, we shall focus on published studies on H. capsulatum sexuality, and outline the distribution of the two H. capsulatum mating types in Latin America. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Medeiros Muniz
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, IPEC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Claudia Vera Pizzini
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, IPEC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Abreu Almeida
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, IPEC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F., Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F., Mexico
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Vite-Garín T, Estrada-Bárcenas DA, Cifuentes J, Taylor ML. The importance of molecular analyses for understanding the genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum: an overview. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 31:11-5. [PMID: 24252830 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the classification of the human pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) (ascomycete) are sustained by the results of several genetic analyses that support the high diversity of this dimorphic fungus. The present mini-review highlights the great genetic plasticity of H. capsulatum. Important records with different molecular tools, mainly single- or multi-locus sequence analyses developed with this fungus, are discussed. Recent phylogenetic data with a multi-locus sequence analysis using 5 polymorphic loci support a new clade and/or phylogenetic species of H. capsulatum for the Americas, which was associated with fungal isolates obtained from the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vite-Garín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico
| | - Daniel Alfonso Estrada-Bárcenas
- Colección Nacional de Cultivos Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Cifuentes
- Herbario FCME (Hongos), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico.
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Yeo UJ, Supple JR, Taylor ML, Smith R, Kron T, Franich RD. Performance of 12 DIR algorithms in low-contrast regions for mass and density conserving deformation. Med Phys 2013; 40:101701. [PMID: 24089891 DOI: 10.1118/1.4819945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U J Yeo
- School of Applied Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
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Taylor ML, Cairns SD, Agnew DJ, Rogers AD. A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906. Zootaxa 2013; 3602:1-105. [PMID: 24614121 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive revision of the genus Thouarella is presented. Thirty-five holotypes of the 38 nominal Thouarella species, two varieties, and one form were examined. The number of original Thouarella species has been reduced to 25, mostly through synonymy or new genus combinations. In the process several new species have also been identified, one of which is described here as Thouarella parachilensis nov. sp. The genus is split into two groups based on polyp arrangement: Group 1 with isolated polyps and Group 2 with polyps in pairs or whorls. An illustrated dichotomous key and detailed character table of the 25 Thouarella species are presented alongside an up-to-date account of all species described in the 19th and 20th centuries and summaries of the few described from 2000 onwards. We propose that Thouarella longispinosa is synonymous with Dasystenella acanthina, T. versluysi with T. brucei, and, T. tenuisquamis, T. flabellata, and T. carinata are synonymous with T. laxa. Lastly, we propose that T. bayeri and T. undulata be placed in Plumarella and support recent suggestions that T. alternata, T. recta, T. superba, and T. diadema are also Plumarella.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK Department of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK Department of Zoology, Univerity of Oxford, Tinbergen building, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3PS;
| | - S D Cairns
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, MRC 163, P.O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA;
| | - D J Agnew
- Department of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK 3Department of Zoology, Univerity of Oxford, Tinbergen building, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3PS Marine Resources Assessment Group LtD, 18 Queen Street, London, UK;
| | - A D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, Univerity of Oxford, Tinbergen building, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, OX1 3PS;
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Taylor ML, Yeo UJ, Kron T, Supple J, Siva S, Pham D, Franich RD. Comment on “It is not appropriate to ‘deform’ dose along with deformable image registration in adaptive radiotherapy” [Med. Phys. 39, 6531-6533 (2012)]. Med Phys 2013; 40:017101. [PMID: 23298128 DOI: 10.1118/1.4771962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lonski P, Taylor ML, Franich RD, Harty P, Kron T. Assessment of leakage doses around the treatment heads of different linear accelerators. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:304-312. [PMID: 22511732 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-field doses to untargeted organs may have long-term detrimental health effects for patients treated with radiotherapy. It has been observed that equivalent treatments delivered to patients with different accelerators may result in significant differences in the out-of-field dose. In this work, the points of leakage dose are identified about the gantry of several treatment units. The origin of the observed higher doses is investigated. LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosimetry has been employed to quantify the dose at a several points around the linac head of various linear accelerators (linacs): a Varian 600C, Varian 21-iX, Siemens Primus and Elekta Synergy-II. Comparisons are also made between different energy modes, collimator rotations and field sizes. Significant differences in leaked photon doses were identified when comparing the various linac models. The isocentric-waveguide 600C generally exhibits the lowest leakage directed towards the patient. The Siemens and Elekta models generally produce a greater leakage than the Varian models. The leakage 'hotspots' are evident on the gantry section housing the waveguide on the 21-iX. For all machines, there are significant differences in the x and y directions. Larger field sizes result in a greater leakage at the interface plate. There is a greater leakage around the waveguide when operating in a low-energy mode, but a greater leakage for the high-energy mode at the linac face. Of the vendors investigated, the Varian 600C showed the lowest average leakage dose. The Varian 21-iX showed double the dose of the 600C. The Elekta Synergy-II had on average four times the dose leakage than the 600C, and the Siemens Primus showed an average of five times that of the 600C. All vendors show strong differences in the x and y directions. The results offer the potential for patient-positioning strategies, linac choice and shielding strategies to reduce the leakage dose to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lonski
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3000, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE The use of time-resolved four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) in radiotherapy requires strict quality assurance to ensure the accuracy of motion management protocols. The aim of this work was to design and test a phantom capable of large amplitude motion for use in 4D-CT, with particular interest in small lesions typical for stereotactic body radiotherapy. METHODS The phantom of "see-saw" design is light weight, capable of including various sample materials and compatible with several surrogate marker signal acquisition systems. It is constructed of polymethylmethacrylate (Perspex) and its movement is controlled via a dc motor and drive wheel. It was tested using two CT scanners with different 4D acquisition methods: the Philips Brilliance Big Bore CT (helical scan, pressure belt) and a General Electric Discovery STE PET∕CT (axial scan, infrared marker). Amplitudes ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 cm and frequencies of up to 40 cycles per minute were used to study the effect of motion on image quality. Maximum intensity projections (MIPs), as well as average intensity projections (AIPs) of moving objects were investigated and their quality dependence on the number of phase reconstruction bins assessed. RESULTS CT number discrepancies between moving and stationary objects were found to have no systematic dependence on amplitude, frequency, or specific interphase variability. MIP-delineated amplitudes of motion were found to match physical phantom amplitudes to within 2 mm for all motion scenarios tested. Objects undergoing large amplitude motions (>3.0 cm) were shown to cause artefacts in MIP and AIP projections when ten phase bins were assigned. This problem can be mitigated by increasing the number of phase bins in a 4D-CT scan. CONCLUSIONS The phantom was found to be a suitable tool for evaluating the image quality of 4D-CT motion management technology, as well as providing a quality assurance tool for intercenter∕intervendor testing of commercial 4D-CT systems. When imaging objects with large amplitudes, the completeness criterion described here indicates the number of phase bins required to prevent missing data in MIPs and AIPs. This is most relevant for small lesions undergoing large motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dunn
- School of Applied Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Taylor ML, Bochner BS. Flow cytometric analysis of blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Methods Mol Med 2012; 44:67-80. [PMID: 21312121 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-072-1:67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary monocytes and macrophages are believed to function in a wide range of biological roles, including host defense against foreign organisms, maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the lung, presentation of antigen to lymphocytes, and migration to sites of tissue injury and inflammation (1). There is also mounting evidence that recruited blood monocytes and resident alveolar macrophages (AM) in lung disease express an activated phenotype, suggesting that they may play important roles in chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and interstitial lung diseases (2-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Allergy and Asthma Center, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Baltimore, MD
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Taylor ML, Misso NL, Stewart GA, Thompson PJ. Differential Expression of Platelet Activation Markers CD62P and CD63 Following Stimulation with PAF, Arachidonic Acid and Collagen. Platelets 2012; 6:394-401. [PMID: 21043771 DOI: 10.3109/09537109509078478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of varying concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen on the expression of the platelet activation markers CD63 and CD62P were assessed in 10 normal subjects using flow cytometry. CD63 expression was significantly greater than CD62P expression, with PAF (80 nM) inducing mean maximum CD63 expression of 32.9 ± 6.4% and mean maximum CD62P expression of 5.5 ± 1.8%. AA (1 mM) induced maximum CD63 expression of 37.7 ± 7% and maximum CD62P expression of 9.3 ± 1%. Collagen (2-80 pg/ml) induced minimal expression but 800 pg/ml induced mean CD63 expression of 33.1 ± 4.1% and mean CD62P expression of 6.1 ± 0.8%. Greater CD63 and CD62P expression were induced by phorbol myristate acetate (1.6 pM, 70.9 ± 11% and 69.4 ± 9.9%, respectively) and thrombin (0.1 U/ml, 70.7 ± 9.3% and 73.5 ± 5.4%, respectively). With PAF and collagen only one platelet population was detected whereas with 1 mM AA two populations were observed. These results indicate that expression of platelet adhesion receptors depends on the nature and concentration of agonist and that subpopulations of platelets may exist. Importantly, PAF concentrations inducing moderate CD63 and CD62P expression did not induce platelet aggregation, suggesting that platelets can be activated independently of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Thompson, Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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Yeo UJ, Taylor ML, Supple JR, Smith RL, Dunn L, Kron T, Franich RD. Is it sensible to “deform” dose? 3D experimental validation of dose-warping. Med Phys 2012; 39:5065-72. [PMID: 22894432 DOI: 10.1118/1.4736534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U J Yeo
- School of Applied Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE The most appropriate method of evaluating the effective atomic number necessitates consideration of energy-dependent behavior. Previously, this required quite laborious calculation, which is why many scientists revert to over-simplistic power-law methods. The purpose of this work is to develop user-friendly software for the robust, energy-dependent computation of effective atomic numbers relevant within the context of medical physics, superseding the commonly employed simplistic power law approaches. METHOD Visual Basic was used to develop a GUI allowing the straightforward calculation of effective atomic numbers. Photon interaction cross section matrices are constructed for energies spanning 10 keV to 10 GeV and elements Z = 1-100. Coefficients for composite media are constructed via linear additivity of the fractional constituents and contrasted against the precalculated matrices at each energy, thereby associating an effective atomic number through interpolation of adjacent cross section data. Uncertainties are of the order of 1-2%. RESULTS Auto-Z(eff) allows rapid (∼0.6 s) calculation of effective atomic numbers for a range of predefined or user-specified media, allowing estimation of radiological properties and comparison of different media (for instance assessment of water equivalence). The accuracy of Auto-Z(eff) has been validated against numerous published theoretical and experimental predictions, demonstrating good agreement. The results also show that commonly employed power-law approaches are inaccurate, even in their intended regime of applicability (i.e., photoelectric regime). Furthermore, comparing the effective atomic numbers of composite materials using power-law approaches even in a relative fashion is shown to be inappropriate. CONCLUSION Auto-Z(eff) facilitates easy computation of effective atomic numbers as a function of energy, as well as average and spectral-weighted means. The results are significantly more accurate than normal power-law predictions. The software is freely available to interested readers, who are encouraged to contact the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- School of Applied Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Kairn T, Taylor ML, Crowe SB, Dunn L, Franich RD, Kenny J, Knight RT, Trapp JV. Monte Carlo verification of gel dosimetry measurements for stereotactic radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:3359-69. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Pitangui NS, Sardi JCO, Silva JF, Benaducci T, Moraes da Silva RA, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Taylor ML, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Adhesion of Histoplasma capsulatum to pneumocytes and biofilm formation on an abiotic surface. Biofouling 2012; 28:711-718. [PMID: 22784100 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.703659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, causes the respiratory and systemic disease 'histoplasmosis'. This disease is primarily acquired via inhalation of aerosolized microconidia or hyphal fragments of H. capsulatum. Evolution of this respiratory disease depends on the ability of H. capsulatum yeasts to survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages. It is known that adhesion to host cells is the first step in colonization and biofilm formation. Some microorganisms become attached to biological and non-biological surfaces due to the formation of biofilms. Based on the importance of biofilms and their persistence on host tissues and cell surfaces, the present study was designed to investigate biofilm formation by H. capsulatum yeasts, as well as their ability to adhere to pneumocyte cells. H. capsulatum biofilm assays were performed in vitro using two different clinical strains of the fungus and biofilms were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The biofilms were measured using a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium-hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay. The results showed that both the H. capsulatum strains tested were very efficient at adhering to host cells and forming biofilm. Therefore, this is a possible survival strategy adopted by this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Pitangui
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil
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Krul ES, Lemke SL, Mukherjea R, Taylor ML, Goldstein DA, Su H, Liu P, Lawless A, Harris WS, Maki KC. Effects of duration of treatment and dosage of eicosapentaenoic acid and stearidonic acid on red blood cell eicosapentaenoic acid content. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 86:51-9. [PMID: 22064208 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this randomized, controlled, parallel group study was to characterize the relationships between dosages of stearidonic acid (SDA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and incorporation of EPA into red blood cell (RBC) membranes over time. METHODS Healthy subjects (n=131) received capsules with placebo (safflower oil), SDA (0.43, 1.3, 2.6, or 5.2 g/d) or EPA (0.44, 1.3, or 2.7 g/d) for 12 weeks. RBC fatty acids were analyzed biweekly. RESULTS RBC %EPA increased in all EPA and SDA groups (p<0.02 vs. control) except the 0.43 g/d SDA group (p=0.187). For theoretical intakes of EPA of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.89 g/d, the amounts of SDA needed to achieve equivalent RBC EPA enrichment were 0.61, 1.89, and 5.32 g/d (conversion efficiencies of 41%, 26%, and 17%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS SDA increased RBC %EPA in a dosage and time-dependent manner at intakes as low as 1.3 g/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Krul
- Solae LLC, 4300 Duncan Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Taylor ML, Hernández-García L, Estrada-Bárcenas D, Salas-Lizana R, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, García de la Cruz S, Galvão-Dias MA, Curiel-Quesada E, Canteros CE, Bojórquez-Torres G, Bogard-Fuentes CA, Zamora-Tehozol E. Genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from infected bats randomly captured in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, using the polymorphism of (GA)(n) microsatellite and its flanking regions. Fungal Biol 2011; 116:308-17. [PMID: 22289776 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of 47 Histoplasma capsulatum isolates from infected bats captured in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina was studied, using sequence polymorphism of a 240-nucleotides (nt) fragment, which includes the (GA)(n) length microsatellite and its flanking regions within the HSP60 gene. Three human clinical strains were used as geographic references. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 240-nt fragments achieved, the relationships among H. capsulatum isolates were resolved using neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The tree topologies obtained by both methods were identical and highlighted two major clusters of isolates. Cluster I had three sub-clusters (Ia, Ib, and Ic), all of which contained Mexican H. capsulatum samples, while cluster II consisted of samples from Brazil and Argentina. Sub-cluster Ia included only fungal isolates from the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis. An average DNA mutation rate of 2.39 × 10(-9) substitutions per site per year was estimated for the 240-nt fragment for all H. capsulatum isolates. Nucleotide diversity analysis of the (GA)(n) and flanking regions from fungal isolates of each cluster and sub-cluster underscored the high similarity of cluster II (Brazil and Argentina), sub-clusters Ib, and Ic (Mexico). According to the genetic distances among isolates, a network of the 240-nt fragment was graphically represented by (GA)(n) length haplotype. This network showed an association between genetic variation and both the geographic distribution and the ecotype dispersion of H. capsulatum, which are related to the migratory behaviour of the infected bats studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico.
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González-González AE, Taylor ML, Curiel-Quesada E. [Relevant aspects of the Hcp100 molecular marker of Histoplasma capsulatum and its potential therapeutic use in histoplasmosis]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2011; 29:115-9. [PMID: 22037114 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal pathogens have developed strategies, involving genes expression that favors their persistence and multiplication in the host. The absence of molecules encoded by these genes could interfere with the growth and death of these fungi. In the past, a coactivator protein coding gene (Hcp100) of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum was reported, which is overexpressed after 1h of contact between fungal yeast-cells and murine macrophages. The product of this gene, a protein of 100 kDa (Hcp100) of H. capsulatum, is probably a regulatory protein involved in the processes required for fungal adaptation and its survival in the intracellular hostile conditions of the macrophages. A 210-bp fragment of the Hcp100 marker has proved to be an excellent tool for H. capsulatum molecular detection in clinical samples. The potential use of this gene as a therapeutic target in Plasmodium falciparum has been explored through the inhibition of both, the gene and the protein p100 of the parasite, by blocking its growth. METHODS Based on the above mentioned antecedents, we believe that the Hcp100 has an important role in the development and maintenance of the H. capsulatum yeast cells within macrophages. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS To study the probable function of Hcp100 in the yeast-phase of this fungal pathogen is relevant to understand its activity and to propose it as a therapeutic target for histoplasmosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ernesto González-González
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México. skapunking
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Kairn T, Aland T, Franich RD, Johnston PN, Kakakhel MB, Kenny J, Knight RT, Langton CM, Schlect D, Taylor ML, Trapp JV. Adapting a generic BEAMnrc model of the BrainLAB m3 micro-multileaf collimator to simulate a local collimation device. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:N451-63. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/17/n01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Estrada-Bárcenas DA, Palacios-Vargas JG, Estrada-Venegas E, Klimov PB, Martínez-Mena A, Taylor ML. Biological activity of the mite Sancassania sp. (Acari: Acaridae) from bat guano associated with the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:127-31. [PMID: 20428669 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mites and the mammal pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum are the major components of bat guano microbiota. Interactions between mites and H. capsulatum were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Acarid mites, mainly Sancassania sp., were the most abundant microarthropod in the sampled guano of the Mexican bat Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana and, based on its morphology, Sancassania sp. was similar to the cosmopolitan species Sancassania sphaerogaster. The mycophagous and vectoring activities of this mite were tested for H. capsulatum and two other fungal species, Sporothrix schenckii (pathogenic) and Aspergillus sclerotiorum (non-pathogenic). S. ca. sphaerogaster was able to reproduce in H. capsulatum and S. schenckii colonies, multiplying in great numbers under controlled fungal mycelial-phase culture conditions. H. capsulatum colonies were completely destroyed after 14 days of in vitro interaction with mites. In contrast, S. ca. sphaerogaster did not reproduce in A. sclerotiorum cultures. S. ca. sphaerogaster was found vectoring H. capsulatum, but not the two other fungal species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Estrada-Bárcenas
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Suárez-Alvarez RO, Pérez-Torres A, Taylor ML. Adherence patterns of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts to bat tissue sections. Mycopathologia 2010; 170:79-87. [PMID: 20340046 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The adherence of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts to lung, spleen, liver, gut, and trachea cryosections of Artibeus hirsutus bats and inbred BALB/c mice (control) was studied after in vitro yeast-tissue incubations. Candida albicans yeasts were used as a well-known adherent fungal model in the mice host, and latex beads were used as a negative adherence control. Adhered yeast cells were identified by using crystal violet staining and the immunoperoxidase method with specific antibodies. H. capsulatum yeasts adhered to all tissues tested, mainly in the lung. Moreover, H. capsulatum yeasts adhered preferentially to white and red spleen pulp, in contrast to the dispersed distribution of C. albicans yeasts. H. capsulatum yeasts were mostly found on the sinusoidal face of hepatocytes. In general, the gut showed a higher number of adhered H. capsulatum yeasts than the trachea in both bats and mice. H. capsulatum and C. albicans yeasts developed high selectivity for the lamina propria of the gut. In addition, H. capsulatum yeasts interacted better with the lamina propria and adventitia of the trachea. The number of H. capsulatum yeast cells that adhered to each tissue section type was always greater than the corresponding number of C. albicans yeast cells, and latex beads never adhered to the tissue sections. Controls with anti-H. capsulatum and normal rabbit sera showed a significant blockage of H. capsulatum yeast adherence to lung tissue. This is the first study describing the patterns of H. capsulatum yeast adherence to different bat and mouse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Osvaldo Suárez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, México DF, Mexico
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Taylor ML, McDermott LN, Johnston PN, Haynes M, Ackerly T, Kron T, Franich RD. Stereotactic fields shaped with a micro-multileaf collimator: systematic characterization of peripheral dose. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:873-81. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/3/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gorocica P, Taylor ML, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Pérez-Torres A, Lascurain R, Zenteno E. The interaction between Histoplasma capsulatum cell wall carbohydrates and host components: relevance in the immunomodulatory role of histoplasmosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:492-6. [PMID: 19547878 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular fungal pathogen that causes respiratory and systemic disease by proliferating within phagocytic cells. The binding of H. capsulatum to phagocytes may be mediated by the pathogen's cell wall carbohydrates, glucans, which consist of glucose homo and hetero-polymers and whose glycosydic linkage types differ between the yeast and mycelial phases. The alpha-1,3-glucan is considered relevant for H. capsulatum virulence, whereas the beta-1,3-glucan is antigenic and participates in the modulation of the host immune response. H. capsulatum cell wall components with lectin-like activity seem to interact with the host cell surface, while host membrane lectin-like receptors can recognize a particular fungal carbohydrate ligand. This review emphasizes the relevance of the main H. capsulatum and host carbohydrate-driven interactions that allow for binding and internalization of the fungal cell into phagocytes and its subsequent avoidance of intracellular elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gorocica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, DF, México.
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Reyes-Montes MR, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Pérez-Torres A, Rosas-Rosas AG, Parás-García A, Juan-Sallés C, Taylor ML. Identification of the source of histoplasmosis infection in two captive maras (Dolichotis patagonum) from the same colony by using molecular and immunologic assays. Rev Argent Microbiol 2009; 41:102-104. [PMID: 19623900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the spleen of a first infected mara (Dolichotis patagonum) and from a second mara's liver and adrenal gland, both in the same colony at the Africam Safari, Puebla, Mexico. Studies of H. capsulatum isolates, using nested-PCR of a 100-kDa protein coding gene (Hcp100) fragment and a two-primer RAPD-PCR method, suggest that these isolates were spreading in the environment of the maras' enclosure. By using a Dot-ELISA method, sera from mice inoculated with three homogenates of soil samples from the maras' enclosed space developed positive brown spot reactions to a purified H. capsulatum antigen, which identified the probable source of the maras' infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, DF Mexico
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Derouiche S, Deville M, Taylor ML, Akbar H, Guillot J, Carreto-Binaghi LE, Pottier M, Aliouat EM, Aliouat-Denis CM, Dei-Cas E, Demanche C. Pneumocystis diversity as a phylogeographic tool. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:112-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Derouiche
- Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pasteur Institute of Lille, France
| | - M Deville
- National School Veterinary of Alfort, France
| | - ML Taylor
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - H Akbar
- Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pasteur Institute of Lille, France
| | - J Guillot
- National School Veterinary of Alfort, France
| | | | - M Pottier
- Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - EM Aliouat
- Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pasteur Institute of Lille, France
| | - CM Aliouat-Denis
- Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pasteur Institute of Lille, France
| | - E Dei-Cas
- Pasteur Institute of Lille, France; University Hospital Center, France
| | - C Demanche
- Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pasteur Institute of Lille, France
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