1
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Gaidt MM, Morrow A, Fairgrieve MR, Karr JP, Yosef N, Vance RE. Self-guarding of MORC3 enables virulence factor-triggered immunity. Nature 2021; 600:138-142. [PMID: 34759314 PMCID: PMC9045311 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens use virulence factors to inhibit the immune system1. The guard hypothesis2,3 postulates that hosts monitor (or 'guard') critical innate immune pathways such that their disruption by virulence factors provokes a secondary immune response1. Here we describe a 'self-guarded' immune pathway in human monocytes, in which guarding and guarded functions are combined in one protein. We find that this pathway is triggered by ICP0, a key virulence factor of herpes simplex virus type 1, resulting in robust induction of anti-viral type I interferon (IFN). Notably, induction of IFN by ICP0 is independent of canonical immune pathways and the IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors. A CRISPR screen identified the ICP0 target MORC34 as an essential negative regulator of IFN. Loss of MORC3 recapitulates the IRF3- and IRF7-independent IFN response induced by ICP0. Mechanistically, ICP0 degrades MORC3, which leads to de-repression of a MORC3-regulated DNA element (MRE) adjacent to the IFNB1 locus. The MRE is required in cis for IFNB1 induction by the MORC3 pathway, but is not required for canonical IFN-inducing pathways. As well as repressing the MRE to regulate IFNB1, MORC3 is also a direct restriction factor of HSV-15. Our results thus suggest a model in which the primary anti-viral function of MORC3 is self-guarded by its secondary IFN-repressing function-thus, a virus that degrades MORC3 to avoid its primary anti-viral function will unleash the secondary anti-viral IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz M Gaidt
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Alyssa Morrow
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marian R Fairgrieve
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Karr
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Russell E Vance
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Cancer Research Laboratory and the Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine Research Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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2
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Esser-Nobis K, Aarreberg LD, Roby JA, Fairgrieve MR, Green R, Gale M. Comparative Analysis of African and Asian Lineage-Derived Zika Virus Strains Reveals Differences in Activation of and Sensitivity to Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Virol 2019; 93:e00640-19. [PMID: 31019057 PMCID: PMC6580957 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00640-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains emerged to cause pandemic outbreaks associated with a high rate of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS). The reasons for the enhanced spread and severe disease caused by newly emerging strains are not fully understood. Here we compared viral sequences, viral replication, and innate immune signaling induction of three different ZIKV strains derived from African and Asian lineages and West Nile virus, another flavivirus. We found pronounced differences in activation of innate immune signaling and inhibition of viral replication across ZIKV strains. The newly emerged Asian ZIKV strain Brazil Fortaleza 2015, which is associated with a higher rate of neurodevelopmental disorders like microcephaly, induced much weaker and delayed innate immune signaling in infected cells. However, superinfection studies to assess control of innate immune signaling induced by Sendai virus argue against an active block of IRF3 activation by the Brazilian strain of ZIKV and rather suggest an evasion of detection by host cell pattern recognition receptors. Compared to the Asian strain FSS13025 isolated in Cambodia, both ZIKV Uganda MR766 and ZIKV Brazil Fortaleza appear less sensitive to the interferon-induced antiviral response. ZIKV infection studies of cells lacking the different RIG-I-like receptors identified RIG-I as the major cytosolic pattern recognition receptor for detection of ZIKV.IMPORTANCE Zika Virus (ZIKV), discovered in 1947, is divided into African and Asian lineages. Pandemic outbreaks caused by currently emerging Asian lineage strains are accompanied by high rates of neurological disorders and exemplify the global health burden associated with this virus. Here we compared virological and innate immunological aspects of two ZIKV strains from the Asian lineage, an emerging Brazilian strain and a less-pathogenic Cambodian strain, and the prototypic African lineage ZIKV strain from Uganda. Compared to the replication of other ZIKV strains, the replication of ZIKV Brazil was less sensitive to the antiviral actions of interferon (IFN), while infection with this strain induced weaker and delayed innate immune responses in vitro Our data suggest that ZIKV Brazil directs a passive strategy of innate immune evasion that is reminiscent of a stealth virus. Such strain-specific properties likely contribute to differential pathogenesis and should be taken into consideration when choosing virus strains for future molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren D Aarreberg
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justin A Roby
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marian R Fairgrieve
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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3
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Davis MA, Fairgrieve MR, den Hartigh A, Yakovenko O, Duvvuri B, Lood C, Fink S, Thomas WE, Gale MJ. Calpain drives pyroptotic vimentin cleavage, intermediate filament loss, and cell rupture that mediates immunostimulation. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.63.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death following cellular damage or infection. It is a lytic process driven by gasdermin D-mediated cellular permeabilization and presumed osmotic forces thought to induce swelling and rupture. We found that pyroptotic cells do not spontaneously rupture in culture but lose mechanical resilience. As a result cells were susceptible to rupture by extrinsic forces such as shear stress or compression. Cell analyses revealed that all major cytoskeleton components were disrupted during pyroptosis and that sensitivity to rupture was calpain-dependent and linked with cleavage of vimentin and loss of intermediate filaments. Moreover, while release of LDH, HMGB1, and IL-1β occurred without rupture, rupture was required for release of large inflammatory stimuli—ASC-specks, mitochondria, nuclei, and bacteria. Importantly, supernatants from ruptured cells were more immunostimulatory than those from non-ruptured cells. These observations reveal undiscovered cellular events occurring during pyroptosis, define the mechanisms driving pyroptotic rupture, and highlight the immunologic importance of this event.
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4
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Adams Waldorf KM, Nelson BR, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Studholme C, Kapur RP, Armistead B, Walker CL, Merillat S, Vornhagen J, Tisoncik-Go J, Baldessari A, Coleman M, Dighe MK, Shaw DW, Roby JA, Santana-Ufret V, Boldenow E, Li J, Gao X, Davis MA, Swanstrom JA, Jensen K, Widman DG, Baric RS, Medwid JT, Hanley KA, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Durning WM, Thiel J, Gatenby C, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Hodge RD, Grant RF, Kuller L, Dobyns WB, Hevner RF, Gale M, Rajagopal L. Congenital Zika virus infection as a silent pathology with loss of neurogenic output in the fetal brain. Nat Med 2018; 24:368-374. [PMID: 29400709 PMCID: PMC5839998 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus with teratogenic effects on fetal brain, but the spectrum of ZIKV-induced brain injury is unknown, particularly when ultrasound imaging is normal. In a pregnant pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model of ZIKV infection, we demonstrate that ZIKV-induced injury to fetal brain is substantial, even in the absence of microcephaly, and may be challenging to detect in a clinical setting. A common and subtle injury pattern was identified, including (i) periventricular T2-hyperintense foci and loss of fetal noncortical brain volume, (ii) injury to the ependymal epithelium with underlying gliosis and (iii) loss of late fetal neuronal progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (temporal cortex) and subgranular zone (dentate gyrus, hippocampus) with dysmorphic granule neuron patterning. Attenuation of fetal neurogenic output demonstrates potentially considerable teratogenic effects of congenital ZIKV infection even without microcephaly. Our findings suggest that all children exposed to ZIKV in utero should receive long-term monitoring for neurocognitive deficits, regardless of head size at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Branden R. Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Stencel-Baerenwald
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colin Studholme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raj P. Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Blair Armistead
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christie L. Walker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Manjiri K. Dighe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dennis W.W. Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Roby
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Veronica Santana-Ufret
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Davis
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jesica A. Swanstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kara Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Douglas G. Widman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Medwid
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - G. Michael Gough
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wonsok Lee
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - W. McIntyre Durning
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Thiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elyse C. Dewey
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marian R. Fairgrieve
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Richard F. Grant
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William B. Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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5
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Adams Waldorf KM, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Kapur RP, Studholme C, Boldenow E, Vornhagen J, Baldessari A, Dighe MK, Thiel J, Merillat S, Armistead B, Tisoncik-Go J, Green RR, Davis MA, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Gatenby JC, Richards T, Garden GA, Diamond MS, Juul SE, Grant RF, Kuller L, Shaw DWW, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Hevner RF, Dobyns WB, Gale M, Rajagopal L. Fetal brain lesions after subcutaneous inoculation of Zika virus in a pregnant nonhuman primate. Nat Med 2016; 22:1256-1259. [PMID: 27618651 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of fetal brain lesions after Zika virus (ZIKV) inoculation in a pregnant pigtail macaque. Periventricular lesions developed within 10 d and evolved asymmetrically in the occipital-parietal lobes. Fetal autopsy revealed ZIKV in the brain and significant cerebral white matter hypoplasia, periventricular white matter gliosis, and axonal and ependymal injury. Our observation of ZIKV-associated fetal brain lesions in a nonhuman primate provides a model for therapeutic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E Stencel-Baerenwald
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colin Studholme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Manjiri K Dighe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeff Thiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Blair Armistead
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard R Green
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael A Davis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elyse C Dewey
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marian R Fairgrieve
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Todd Richards
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard F Grant
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dennis W W Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Michael Gough
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wonsok Lee
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Fairgrieve MR, Shibata Y, Smith EK, Hayman ES, Luckenbach JA. Molecular characterization of the gonadal kisspeptin system: Cloning, tissue distribution, gene expression analysis and localization in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 225:212-223. [PMID: 26386183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The kisspeptin system plays pivotal roles in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Classically, kisspeptin produced in the brain stimulates brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling, which in turn activates the pituitary-gonad axis. Expression of the kisspeptin system has also been documented in peripheral tissues, including gonads of mammals and fishes. However, the fish gonadal kisspeptin system remained uncharacterized. Herein we report identification and characterization of four kisspeptin system mRNAs (kisspeptin 1 (kiss1), kiss2, and G protein-coupled receptor 54-1 (gpr54-1) and gpr54-2) in sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria. Sablefish predicted protein sequences were highly similar to those of other marine teleosts, but less so to freshwater teleosts. Tissue distribution analyses revealed that all four kisspeptin-system transcripts were expressed in both brain and gonad. However, kiss2 was the predominant transcript in the gonads and the only transcript detected in ovulated eggs. Ontogenetic analysis of kiss2 expression in juvenile sablefish gonads demonstrated that levels were low during sex differentiation but increased with fish size and gonadal development. Dramatic increases in kiss2 mRNA occurred during primary oocyte growth, while levels remained relatively low in testes. In situ hybridization revealed that kiss2 mRNA was localized to cytoplasm of perinucleolus stage oocytes, suggesting it could play a local role in oogenesis or could be synthesized and stored within oocytes as maternal mRNA. This represents the first study to focus on the gonadal kisspeptin system in fishes and provides important tools for further investigation of both the gonadal and brain kisspeptin systems in sablefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian R Fairgrieve
- Undergraduate Research Program, University of Washington, 171 Mary Gates Hall, Seattle, WA 98195-2803, USA
| | - Yasushi Shibata
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Smith
- Frank Orth and Associates, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Edward S Hayman
- Frank Orth and Associates, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - J Adam Luckenbach
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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