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Jørgensen AEM, Schjerling P, DellaValle B, Rungby J, Kjær M. Acute loading has minor influence on human articular cartilage gene expression and glycosaminoglycan composition in late-stage knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023:S1063-4584(23)00335-7. [PMID: 36720425 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) remains clinically challenging. Regular physical exercise improves symptoms though it is unclear whether exercise influences cartilage at the molecular level. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of acute loading on gene expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in human OA cartilage. DESIGN Patients with primary knee OA participated in this single-blind randomised controlled trial initiated 3.5 h prior to scheduled joint replacement surgery with or without loading by performing one bout of resistance exercise (one-legged leg press). Cartilage from the medial tibia condyle was sampled centrally, under the meniscus, and from peripheral osteophytes. Samples were analysed for gene expression by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and hyaluronidase-extracted matrix was analysed for GAG composition by immuno- and dimethyl-methylene blue assays. RESULTS Of 32 patients randomised, 31 completed the intervention: mean age 69 ± 7.5 years (SD), 58% female, BMI 29.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2. Exercise increased chondroitin sulphate extractability [95% CI: 1.01 to 2.46; P = 0.0486] but cartilage relevant gene expression was unchanged. Regionally, the submeniscal area showed higher MMP-3, MMP-13, IGF-1Ea, and CTGF, together with lower lubricin and COMP expression compared to the central condylar region. Further, osteophyte expression of MMP-1, MMP-13, IGF-1Ea, and TGF-β3 was higher than articular cartilage and lower for aggrecan, COMP, and FGF-2. Hyaluronidase-extracted matrix from central condylar cartilage contained more GAGs but less chondroitin sulphate compared to submeniscal cartilage. CONCLUSION Acute exercise had minor influence on cartilage GAG dynamics, indicating that osteoarthritic cartilage is not significantly affected by acute exercise. However, the regional differences suggest a chronic mechanical influence on human cartilage. CLINICALTRIALS GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03410745.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E M Jørgensen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - P Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B DellaValle
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; GLX Analytix ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Rungby
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Busch J, Madsen EK, Fage-Butler AM, Kjær M, Ledderer L. Dilemmas of nudging in public health: an ethical analysis of a Danish pamphlet. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:1140-1150. [PMID: 33367635 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nudging has been discussed in the context of public health, and ethical issues raised by nudging in public health contexts have been highlighted. In this article, we first identify types of nudging approaches and techniques that have been used in screening programmes, and ethical issues that have been associated with nudging: paternalism, limited autonomy and manipulation. We then identify nudging techniques used in a pamphlet developed for the Danish National Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer. These include framing, default nudge, use of hassle bias, authority nudge and priming. The pamphlet and the very offering of a screening programme can in themselves be considered nudges. Whether nudging strategies are ethically problematic depend on whether they are categorized as educative- or non-educative nudges. Educative nudges seek to affect people's choice making by engaging their reflective capabilities. Non-educative nudges work by circumventing people's reflective capabilities. Information materials are, on the face of it, meant to engage citizens' reflective capacities. Recipients are likely to receive information materials with this expectation, and thus not expect to be affected in other ways. Non-educative nudges may therefore be particularly problematic in the context of information on screening, also as participating in screening does not always benefit the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Busch
- Department of Philosophy, School of Communication and Society, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 7, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Emilie Kirstine Madsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Antoinette Mary Fage-Butler
- Department of English, School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 4, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Marianne Kjær
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Loni Ledderer
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
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Ledderer L, Kjær M, Madsen EK, Busch J, Fage-Butler A. Nudging in Public Health Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review and Metasynthesis. Health Educ Behav 2020; 47:749-764. [PMID: 32517522 DOI: 10.1177/1090198120931788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nudging is increasingly used in public health interventions in Western societies to produced health-promoting behavior changes; however, there is lack of clarity as to what constitutes a nudge, scant knowledge of the effectiveness of nudging techniques in public health lifestyle interventions and a number of ethical and value-based concerns. The aim of this review is to address these research lacunae and identify the characteristics of nudges in empirical research on public health interventions intended to induce healthy lifestyle changes, including whether they are effective. We conducted systematic searches for relevant articles published between January 2008 and April 2019 in three databases, PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO, and combined this with a metasynthesis to construct interpretative explanations. A total of 66 original studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings of the systematic review showed that most nudging interventions involved diet/nutrition, most were carried out as single experiments, and the majority had the intended effects. Specific nudging techniques were identified with respect to the broader nudging categories of accessibility, presentation, using messages and pictures, technology-supported information, financial incentives, affecting the senses, and cognitive loading; several studies included more than one nudging technique. Although many nudging techniques had the intended effects, it is unclear whether they would work outside the study setting. The synthesis revealed that the studies lacked critical reflection on the assumptions about health that were implicit in nudging interventions, the cultural acceptability of nudges, the context-free assumptions of nudging theory, and the implications of these aspects for the public health context.
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Møller M, Kjær M, Lovind Andersen R, Magnusson S, Nielsen R. Functional adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to resistance training in three patients with genetically verified classic Ehlers Danlos Syndrome. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.03.2014.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.B. Møller
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. Lovind Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S.P. Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R.B. Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Eriksen C, Svensson RB, Scheijen J, Hag AMF, Schalkwijk C, Praet SFE, Schjerling P, Kjær M, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Systemic stiffening of mouse tail tendon is related to dietary advanced glycation end products but not high-fat diet or cholesterol. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:840-7. [PMID: 25103969 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00584.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon pathology is related to metabolic disease and mechanical overloading, but the effect of metabolic disease on tendon mechanics is unknown. This study investigated the effect of diet and apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE(-/-)) on mechanical properties and advanced glycation end product (AGE) cross-linking of non-weight-bearing mouse tail tendons. Twenty ApoE(-/-) male mice were used as a model for hypercholesterolemia along with 26 wild-type (WT) mice. One-half of the mice from each group was fed a normal diet (ND) and the other half was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. All were killed at 40 wk, and tail tendon fascicles were mechanically tested to failure and analyzed for AGEs. Diets were also analyzed for AGEs. ApoE(-/-) mice displayed a 14% increase in plateau modulus compared with WT mice (P < 0.05), whereas HFD mice displayed a 13% decrease in plateau modulus (P < 0.05) and a 12% decrease in total modulus (P < 0.05) compared with ND mice. Tail tendons of HFD mice had significantly lower concentrations of AGEs [carboxymethyllysine (CML): 26%, P < 0.0001; methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1): 15%, P < 0.005; pentosidine: 13%, P < 0.0005]. The HFD had ∼44-fold lower content of CML (P < 0.01), ∼29-fold lower content of carboxyethyllysine (P < 0.005), and ∼16-fold lower content of MG-H1 (P < 0.05) compared with ND. ApoE(-/-) increased, whereas HFD decreased mouse tail tendon stiffness. Dietary AGE content may be a crucial determinant for accumulation of AGE cross-links in tendons and for tissue compliance. The results demonstrate how systemic metabolic factors may influence tendon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - A M F Hag
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - S F E Praet
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVEFIT- Sports medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - P Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S P Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
| | - C Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
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Geertsen SS, Kjær M, Pedersen KK, Petersen TH, Perez MA, Nielsen JB. Central common drive to antagonistic ankle muscles in relation to short-term cocontraction training in nondancers and professional ballet dancers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1075-81. [PMID: 23869059 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of cocontraction of antagonistic muscles around the ankle joint has been shown to involve plastic changes in spinal and cortical neural circuitries. Such changes may explain the ability of elite ballet dancers to maintain a steady balance during various ballet postures. Here we investigated whether short-term cocontraction training in ballet dancers and nondancers leads to changes in the coupling between antagonistic ankle motor units. Eleven ballet dancers and 10 nondancers were recruited for the study. Prior to training, ballet dancers and nondancers showed an equal amount of coherence in the 15- to 35-Hz frequency band and short-term synchronization between antagonistic tibialis anterior and soleus motor units. The ballet dancers tended to be better at maintaining a stable cocontraction of the antagonistic muscles, but this difference was not significant (P = 0.09). Following 27 min of cocontraction training, the nondancers improved their performance significantly, whereas no significant improvement was observed for the ballet dancers. The nondancers showed a significant increase in 15- to 35-Hz coherence following the training, whereas the ballet dancers did not show a significant change. A group of control subjects (n = 4), who performed cocontraction of the antagonistic muscles for an equal amount of time, but without any requirement to improve their performance, showed no change in coherence. We suggest that improved ability to maintain a stable cocontraction around the ankle joint is accompanied by short-term plastic changes in the neural drive to the involved muscles, but that such changes are not necessary for maintained high-level performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Geertsen
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, and
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Mikkelsen UR, Paulsen G, Schjerling P, Helmark IC, Langberg H, Kjær M, Heinemeier KM. The heat shock protein response following eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle is unaffected by local NSAID infusion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:1883-93. [PMID: 23467900 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed in relation to pain and injuries in skeletal muscle, but may adversely affect muscle adaptation probably via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) represents an important adaptive response in muscle subjected to stress, and in several cell types including cardiac myocytes prostaglandins are important in induction of the HSP response. This study aimed to determine the influence of NSAIDs on the HSP response to eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle. Healthy males performed 200 maximal eccentric contractions with each leg with intramuscular infusion of the NSAID indomethacin or placebo. Biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis before and after (5, 28 hrs and 8 days) the exercise bout from both legs (NSAID vs unblocked leg) and analysed for expression of the HSPs HSP70, HSP27 and αB-crystallin (mRNA and protein). NSAID did not affect the mRNA expression of any of the HSPs. Compared to pre values, the mRNA expression of all HSPs was increased; αB-crystallin, 3.6- and 5.4-fold; HSP70, 26- and 3.4-fold; and HSP27: 4.8- and 6.5-fold at 5 and 28 hrs post-exercise, respectively (all p < 0.008). Immunohistochemical stainings for αB-crystallin and HSP70 revealed increased staining in some samples but with no differences between legs. Changes in force-generating capacity correlated with both αB-crystallin and HSP70 mRNA and immunohistochemisty data. Increased expression of HSPs was observed on mRNA and protein level following eccentric exercise; however, this response was unaffected by local intramuscular infusion of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Mikkelsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Couppé C, Suetta C, Kongsgaard M, Justesen L, Hvid LG, Aagaard P, Kjær M, Magnusson SP. The effects of immobilization on the mechanical properties of the patellar tendon in younger and older men. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2012; 27:949-54. [PMID: 22770908 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown if inactivity changes the mechanical properties of the human patellar tendon in younger and older healthy persons. The purpose was to examine the effects of short-term unilateral immobilization on the structural and mechanical properties of the patellar tendon in older men and younger men, in vivo. METHODS Eight older men and eight younger men underwent 14 days of unilateral immobilization. All individuals were assessed on both sides before and after the intervention. MRI was used to assess whole patellar tendon dimensions. The mechanical properties of the patellar tendon were assessed using simultaneous force and ultrasonographic measurements during isometric ramp contractions. FINDINGS In older men, tendon stiffness [Pre: mean 2949 (SD 799) vs. Post: mean 2366 (SD 774) N mm(-1), P<0.01] and Young's Modulus [Pre: mean 1.2 (SD 0.3) vs. Post: mean 1.0 (SD 0.3) GPa, P<0.05] declined with immobilization on the immobilized side. On the control side, tendon stiffness [Pre: mean 3340 (SD 1209) vs. Post: mean 2230 (SD 503), P<0.01] and Young's Modulus [Pre: mean 1.5 (SD 0.4) vs. Post: mean 0.9 (SD 0.3) GPa, P<0.05] also decreased with immobilization. In younger men, tendon stiffness [Pre: 3622 (SD 1760) vs. Post: mean 2910 (SD 1528) N mm(-1), P<0.01] and Young's Modulus [Pre: mean 1.7 (SD 1.1) vs. Post: mean 1.4 (SD 0.8) GPa, P<0.05] decreased only on the immobilized side. INTERPRETATION Short-term immobilization led to impaired mechanical properties of the patellar tendon on the immobilized side in both younger men and older men, which can influence the function of the muscle-tendon complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark.
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Pingel J, Langberg H, Skovgård D, Koskinen S, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Kjær M, Hansen M. Effects of transdermal estrogen on collagen turnover at rest and in response to exercise in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1040-7. [PMID: 22773769 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01463.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with loss of collagen content in the skin and tendon as well as accumulation of noncontractile tissue in skeletal muscle. The relative role of hormones and physical activity on these changes is not known. Accordingly, in a randomized, controlled, crossover study we investigated effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on type I collagen synthesis in tendon and skeletal muscle in 11 postmenopausal women. Patches with estrogen (Evorel) were placed on the skin above the patellar tendons and compared with no patch (control period). On day 2 all subjects performed one-legged exercise, and thereafter the exercised leg (EX leg) was compared with the nonexercised leg (Rest leg). Microdialysis catheters were placed in front of the patellar tendons and in the vastus lateralis muscle of both legs at days 3 and 5. The collected dialysate was analyzed for procollagen type I NH(2)-terminal propeptide (PINP), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Neither loading (Rest leg vs. EX leg) nor treatment (control vs. ERT) influenced peritendinous PINP, whereas combined exercise and ERT enhanced muscle PINP after 72 h (interaction between loading and treatment P = 0.008). In neither skeletal muscle nor peritendinous fluid were IGF-I and IL-6 influenced by treatment or exercise. In conclusion, ERT was associated with enhanced synthesis of type I collagen in the skeletal muscle in response to acute exercise. In perspective, this indicates that the availability of estrogen in postmenopausal women is important for repair of muscle damage or remodeling of the connective tissue within the skeletal muscle after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pingel
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23,Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kjær M, Langberg H, Bojsen-Møller J, Koskinen SO, Mackey A, Heinemeier K, Holm L, Skovgaard D, Døssing S, Hansen M, Hansen P, Haraldsson B, Carøe I, Magnusson SP. Novel methods for tendon investigations. Disabil Rehabil 2009; 30:1514-22. [DOI: 10.1080/09638280701785403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ejlertsen B, Højris I, Hansen S, Møholt K, Kristensen B, Mouridsen HT, Andersen J, Rose C, Kjær M. WITHDRAWN: Combined epirubicin and vinorelbine as first-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer: a pilot study performed by the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. Breast 2008:S0960-9776(02)90469-8. [PMID: 17540566 DOI: 10.1054/brst.2002.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The publisher regrets that this is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in The Breast, 12 (2003) 42-50, doi:10.1016/S0960-9776(02)00180-7. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet Bldg. 5012, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aalborg Hospital Syd, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark
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Kjær M. Functional adaptation of skeletal muscle in elderly – Prevention towards injury and role in treatment. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-2004-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital at Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark. E-mail:
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Langberg H, Kazamouzis M, Kjær M, Saltin B. Production of prostaglandin PGE2 in the muscle during dynamic muscle contractions. Pathophysiology 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Kjær M. Electrical stimulation in human paralyzed muscle. Pathophysiology 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kjær M, Secher NH, Perko G, Bangsbo J, Horn A, Bouchel R, Mohr T, Galbo H. CARDIOVASCULAR, HORMONAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO ELECTRICALLY INDUCED CYCLING WITH COMPLETE EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA IN HUMANS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohr T, Dela F, Galbo H, Biering-Sørensen F, Kjær M. ENHANCED WHOLE BODY INSULIN ACTION IN SPINAL CORD INJURED SUBJECTS AFTER 12 MONTHS OF ELECTRICALLY INDUCED CYCLING. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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