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Vaughan RH, Kresse J, Farmer LK, Thézénas ML, Kessler BM, Lindeman JHN, Sharples EJ, Welsh GI, Nørregaard R, Ploeg RJ, Kaisar M. Cytoskeletal protein degradation in brain death donor kidneys associates with adverse posttransplant outcomes. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1073-1087. [PMID: 34878723 PMCID: PMC9305475 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In brain death, cerebral injury contributes to systemic biological dysregulation, causing significant cellular stress in donor kidneys adversely impacting the quality of grafts. Here, we hypothesized that donation after brain death (DBD) kidneys undergo proteolytic processes that may deem grafts susceptible to posttransplant dysfunction. Using mass spectrometry and immunoblotting, we mapped degradation profiles of cytoskeletal proteins in deceased and living donor kidney biopsies. We found that key cytoskeletal proteins in DBD kidneys were proteolytically cleaved, generating peptide fragments, predominantly in grafts with suboptimal posttransplant function. Interestingly, α-actinin-4 and talin-1 proteolytic fragments were detected in brain death but not in circulatory death or living donor kidneys with similar donor characteristics. As talin-1 is a specific proteolytic target of calpain-1, we investigated a potential trigger of calpain activation and talin-1 degradation using human ex vivo precision-cut kidney slices and in vitro podocytes. Notably, we showed that activation of calpain-1 by transforming growth factor-β generated proteolytic fragments of talin-1 that matched the degradation fragments detected in DBD preimplantation kidneys, also causing dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton in human podocytes; events that were reversed by calpain-1 inhibition. Our data provide initial evidence that brain death donor kidneys are more susceptible to cytoskeletal protein degradation. Correlation to posttransplant outcomes may be established by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Vaughan
- Research and DevelopmentNHS Blood and TransplantBristol & OxfordUK,Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesOxford University Hospital OxfordBiomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Louise K. Farmer
- Bristol RenalBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Marie L. Thézénas
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol RenalBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Rutger J. Ploeg
- Research and DevelopmentNHS Blood and TransplantBristol & OxfordUK,Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesOxford University Hospital OxfordBiomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Maria Kaisar
- Research and DevelopmentNHS Blood and TransplantBristol & OxfordUK,Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesOxford University Hospital OxfordBiomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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2
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Wainwright SM, Hopkins BR, Mendes CC, Sekar A, Kroeger B, Hellberg JEEU, Fan SJ, Pavey A, Marie PP, Leiblich A, Sepil I, Charles PD, Thézénas ML, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Gandy C, Corrigan L, Patel R, Wigby S, Morris JF, Goberdhan DCI, Wilson C. Drosophila Sex Peptide controls the assembly of lipid microcarriers in seminal fluid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019622118. [PMID: 33495334 PMCID: PMC7865141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019622118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal fluid plays an essential role in promoting male reproductive success and modulating female physiology and behavior. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, Sex Peptide (SP) is the best-characterized protein mediator of these effects. It is secreted from the paired male accessory glands (AGs), which, like the mammalian prostate and seminal vesicles, generate most of the seminal fluid contents. After mating, SP binds to spermatozoa and is retained in the female sperm storage organs. It is gradually released by proteolytic cleavage and induces several long-term postmating responses, including increased ovulation, elevated feeding, and reduced receptivity to remating, primarily signaling through the SP receptor (SPR). Here, we demonstrate a previously unsuspected SPR-independent function for SP. We show that, in the AG lumen, SP and secreted proteins with membrane-binding anchors are carried on abundant, large neutral lipid-containing microcarriers, also found in other SP-expressing Drosophila species. These microcarriers are transferred to females during mating where they rapidly disassemble. Remarkably, SP is a key microcarrier assembly and disassembly factor. Its absence leads to major changes in the seminal proteome transferred to females upon mating. Males expressing nonfunctional SP mutant proteins that affect SP's binding to and release from sperm in females also do not produce normal microcarriers, suggesting that this male-specific defect contributes to the resulting widespread abnormalities in ejaculate function. Our data therefore reveal a role for SP in formation of seminal macromolecular assemblies, which may explain the presence of SP in Drosophila species that lack the signaling functions seen in Dmelanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mark Wainwright
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben R Hopkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Cláudia C Mendes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aashika Sekar
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Kroeger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine E E U Hellberg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shih-Jung Fan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Pavey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline P Marie
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Leiblich
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irem Sepil
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Charles
- Target Discovery Institute Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie L Thézénas
- Target Discovery Institute Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Gandy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Corrigan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Patel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Wigby
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Applied Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01069, Germany
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John F Morris
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah C I Goberdhan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom;
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3
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Moussa EM, Huang H, Thézénas ML, Fischer R, Ramaprasad A, Sisay-Joof F, Jallow M, Pain A, Kwiatkowski D, Kessler BM, Casals-Pascual C. Proteomic profiling of the plasma of Gambian children with cerebral malaria. Malar J 2018; 17:337. [PMID: 30249265 PMCID: PMC6154937 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe neurological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. A number of pathological findings have been correlated with pediatric CM including sequestration, platelet accumulation, petechial haemorrhage and retinopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to death in CM are not yet fully understood. METHODS A shotgun plasma proteomic study was conducted using samples form 52 Gambian children with CM admitted to hospital. Based on clinical outcome, children were assigned to two groups: reversible and fatal CM. Label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and compare plasma proteins that were differentially regulated in children who recovered from CM and those who died. Candidate biomarkers were validated using enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS The plasma proteomic signature of children with CM identified 266 proteins differentially regulated in children with fatal CM. Proteins from the coagulation cascade were consistently decreased in fatal CM, whereas the plasma proteomic signature associated with fatal CM underscored the importance of endothelial activation, tissue damage, inflammation, haemolysis and glucose metabolism. The concentration of circulating proteasomes or PSMB9 in plasma was not significantly different in fatal CM when compared with survivors. Plasma PSMB9 concentration was higher in patients who presented with seizures and was significantly correlated with the number of seizures observed in patients with CM during admission. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that increased tissue damage and hypercoagulability may play an important role in fatal CM. The diagnostic value of this molecular signature to identify children at high risk of dying to optimize patient referral practices should be validated prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M Moussa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- King Abdulla University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Honglei Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Roman Fischer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Abhinay Ramaprasad
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- King Abdulla University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Arnab Pain
- King Abdulla University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Climent Casals-Pascual
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
- Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, CDB and ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Cominetti O, Smith D, Hoffman F, Jallow M, Thézénas ML, Huang H, Kwiatkowski D, Maini PK, Casals-Pascual C. Identification of a Novel Clinical Phenotype of Severe Malaria using a Network-Based Clustering Approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12849. [PMID: 30150696 PMCID: PMC6110866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the main cause of severe malaria (SM). Despite treatment with antimalarial drugs, more than 400,000 deaths are reported every year, mainly in African children. The diversity of clinical presentations associated with SM highlights important differences in disease pathogenesis that often require specific therapeutic options. The clinical heterogeneity of SM is largely unresolved. Here we report a network-based analysis of clinical phenotypes associated with SM in 2,915 Gambian children admitted to hospital with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We used a network-based clustering method which revealed a strong correlation between disease heterogeneity and mortality. The analysis identified four distinct clusters of SM and respiratory distress that departed from the WHO definition. Patients in these clusters characteristically presented with liver enlargement and high concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), giving support to the potential role of circulatory overload and/or right-sided heart failure as a mechanism of disease. The role of heart failure is controversial in SM and our work suggests that standard clinical management may not be appropriate. We find that our clustering can be a powerful data exploration tool to identify novel disease phenotypes and therapeutic options to reduce malaria-associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Cominetti
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Smith
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Fred Hoffman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- XL Catlin, London, UK
| | | | - Marie L Thézénas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Honglei Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Climent Casals-Pascual
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Huang H, Ideh RC, Gitau E, Thézénas ML, Jallow M, Ebruke B, Chimah O, Oluwalana C, Karanja H, Mackenzie G, Adegbola RA, Kwiatkowski D, Kessler BM, Berkley JA, Howie SRC, Casals-Pascual C. Discovery and validation of biomarkers to guide clinical management of pneumonia in African children. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1707-15. [PMID: 24696240 PMCID: PMC4036688 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 distinguishes severe and bacterial pneumonia from nonsevere and nonbacterial pneumonia with a high level of precision. The clinical impact of this biomarker requires large-scale clinical evaluation. Background. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children globally. Clinical algorithms remain suboptimal for distinguishing severe pneumonia from other causes of respiratory distress such as malaria or distinguishing bacterial pneumonia and pneumonia from others causes, such as viruses. Molecular tools could improve diagnosis and management. Methods. We conducted a mass spectrometry–based proteomic study to identify and validate markers of severity in 390 Gambian children with pneumonia (n = 204) and age-, sex-, and neighborhood-matched controls (n = 186). Independent validation was conducted in 293 Kenyan children with respiratory distress (238 with pneumonia, 41 with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and 14 with both). Predictive value was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results. Lipocalin 2 (Lpc-2) was the best protein biomarker of severe pneumonia (AUC, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, .64–.79]) and highly predictive of bacteremia (78% [64%–92%]), pneumococcal bacteremia (84% [71%–98%]), and “probable bacterial etiology” (91% [84%–98%]). These results were validated in Kenyan children with severe malaria and respiratory distress who also met the World Health Organization definition of pneumonia. The combination of Lpc-2 and haptoglobin distinguished bacterial versus malaria origin of respiratory distress with high sensitivity and specificity in Gambian children (AUC, 99% [95% confidence interval, 99%–100%]) and Kenyan children (82% [74%–91%]). Conclusions. Lpc-2 and haptoglobin can help discriminate the etiology of clinically defined pneumonia and could be used to improve clinical management. These biomarkers should be further evaluated in prospective clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Readon C Ideh
- Child Survival Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia
| | - Evelyn Gitau
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi
| | | | | | - Bernard Ebruke
- Child Survival Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia
| | - Osaretin Chimah
- Child Survival Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia
| | | | - Henri Karanja
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi
| | - Grant Mackenzie
- Child Survival Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia
| | | | | | | | - James A Berkley
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi
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6
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Huang H, Lamikanra AA, Alkaitis MS, Thézénas ML, Ramaprasad A, Moussa E, Roberts DJ, Casals-Pascual C. Interleukin-10 regulates hepcidin in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88408. [PMID: 24520384 PMCID: PMC3919761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute malarial anemia remains a major public health problem. Hepcidin, the major hormone controlling the availability of iron, is raised during acute and asymptomatic parasitemia. Understanding the role and mechanism of raised hepcidin and so reduced iron availability during infection is critical to establish evidence-based guidelines for management of malaria anemia. Our recent clinical evidence suggests a potential role of IL-10 in the regulation of hepcidin in patients with acute P. falciparum malaria. Methods We have measured secretion of hepcidin by primary macrophages and the hepatoma cell line HepG2 stimulated with IL-10, IL-6 and Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Findings We have observed that IL-10 and IL-6 production increased in primary macrophages when these cells were co-cultured with Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes. We found that IL-10 induced hepcidin secretion in primary macrophages in a dose-dependent manner but not in HepG2 cells. These effects were mediated through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3-phosphorylation and completely abrogated by a specific STAT3 inhibitor. Conclusion IL-10 can directly regulate hepcidin in primary macrophages but not in HepG2 cells. This effect can be modulated by Plasmodium falciparum. The results are consistent with a role for IL-10 in modulating iron metabolism during acute phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail A. Lamikanra
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Alkaitis
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Abhinay Ramaprasad
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Moussa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - David J. Roberts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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Thézénas ML, Huang H, Njie M, Ramaprasad A, Nwakanma DC, Fischer R, Digleria K, Walther M, Conway DJ, Kessler BM, Casals-Pascual C. PfHPRT: A New Biomarker Candidate of Acute Plasmodium falciparum Infection. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1211-22. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie L. Thézénas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human
Genetics and Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, U. K
| | - Honglei Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human
Genetics and Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, U. K
| | - Madi Njie
- Malaria Programme, MRC Unit, Banjul, The
Gambia
| | - Abhinay Ramaprasad
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human
Genetics and Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, U. K
- King Abdulla University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Roman Fischer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human
Genetics and Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, U. K
| | - Katalin Digleria
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular
Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U. K
| | - Michael Walther
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - David J. Conway
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U. K
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human
Genetics and Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, U. K
| | - Climent Casals-Pascual
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human
Genetics and Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, U. K
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8
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Huang H, Mackeen MM, Cook M, Oriero E, Locke E, Thézénas ML, Kessler BM, Nwakanma D, Casals-Pascual C. Proteomic identification of host and parasite biomarkers in saliva from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malar J 2012; 11:178. [PMID: 22640863 PMCID: PMC3407698 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria cases attributed to Plasmodium falciparum account for approximately 600,000 deaths yearly, mainly in African children. The gold standard method to diagnose malaria requires the visualization of the parasite in blood. The role of non-invasive diagnostic methods to diagnose malaria remains unclear. Methods A protocol was optimized to deplete highly abundant proteins from saliva to improve the dynamic range of the proteins identified and assess their suitability as candidate biomarkers of malaria infection. A starch-based amylase depletion strategy was used in combination with four different lectins to deplete glycoproteins (Concanavalin A and Aleuria aurantia for N-linked glycoproteins; jacalin and peanut agglutinin for O-linked glycoproteins). A proteomic analysis of depleted saliva samples was performed in 17 children with fever and a positive–malaria slide and compared with that of 17 malaria-negative children with fever. Results The proteomic signature of malaria-positive patients revealed a strong up-regulation of erythrocyte-derived and inflammatory proteins. Three P. falciparum proteins, PFL0480w, PF08_0054 and PFI0875w, were identified in malaria patients and not in controls. Aleuria aurantia and jacalin showed the best results for parasite protein identification. Conclusions This study shows that saliva is a suitable clinical specimen for biomarker discovery. Parasite proteins and several potential biomarkers were identified in patients with malaria but not in patients with other causes of fever. The diagnostic performance of these markers should be addressed prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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