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Naves DD, Reuling EMBP, Dickhoff C, Kortman PC, Broeckaert MAM, Plaisier PW, Daniels JMA, Thunnissen E, Radonic T. In-depth analysis of immunohistochemistry concordance in biopsy-resection pairs of bronchial carcinoids. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 67:152181. [PMID: 37598464 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary diagnosis of bronchial carcinoids (BC) is always made on biopsies and additional immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often necessary. In the present study we investigated the concordance of common diagnostic (synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56 and INSM-1) and potential prognostic (OTP, CD44, Rb and p16) IHC markers between the preoperative biopsies and resections of in total 64 BCs, 26 typical (41 %) and 38 atypical (59 %) carcinoid tumors. Synaptophysin and chromogranin had 100 % concordance in all resected carcinoids and paired diagnostic biopsies. Synaptophysin was not affected by variable expression in biopsies compared to chromogranin, CD56 and INSM-1. Notably, INSM-1 IHC was false negative in 8 % of biopsies. Of the novel and potential prognostic markers, only CD44 showed 100 % concordance between biopsies and resections, while OTP showed two (4 %) false negative results in paired biopsies. While Rb IHC was false negative in 8 % of biopsies, no strong and diffuse pattern of p16 expression was observed. In this study, most false negative IHC results (85 %, 22/26) were observed in small flexible biopsies. Taken together, our data suggest excellent concordance of synaptophysin and CD44 on the preoperative biopsy samples, while other neuroendocrine markers, Rb and OTP should be interpreted with caution, especially in small biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne D Naves
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen M B P Reuling
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Dickhoff
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim C Kortman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A M Broeckaert
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter W Plaisier
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M A Daniels
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Reuling EMBP, Naves DD, Kortman PC, Broeckaert MAM, Plaisier PW, Dickhoff C, Daniels JMA, Radonic T. A Multimodal Biomarker Predicts Dissemination of Bronchial Carcinoid. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133234. [PMID: 35805004 PMCID: PMC9265109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Curatively treated bronchial carcinoid tumors have a relatively low metastatic potential. Gradation into typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) is limited in terms of prognostic value, resulting in yearly follow-up of all patients. We examined the additional prognostic value of novel immunohistochemical (IHC) markers to current gradation of carcinoids. Methods: A retrospective single-institution cohort study was performed on 171 patients with pathologically diagnosed bronchial carcinoid (median follow-up: 66 months). The risk of developing distant metastases based on histopathological characteristics (Ki-67, p16, Rb, OTP, CD44, and tumor diameter) was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis and the Kaplan−Meier method. Results: Of 171 patients, seven (4%) had disseminated disease at presentation, and 164 (96%) received curative-intent treatment with either endobronchial treatment (EBT) (n = 61, 36%) or surgery (n = 103, 60%). Among the 164 patients, 13 developed metastases at follow-up of 81 months (IQR 45−162). Univariate analysis showed that Ki-67, mitotic index, OTP, CD44, and tumor diameter were associated with development of distant metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that mitotic count, Ki-67, and OTP were independent risk factors for development of distant metastases. Using a 5% cutoff for Ki-67, Kaplan−Meier analysis showed that the risk of distant metastasis development was significantly associated with the number of risk predictors (AC, Ki-67 ≥ 5%, and loss of OTP or CD44) (p < 0.0001). Six out of seven patients (86%) with all three positive risk factors developed distant metastasis. Conclusions: Mitotic count, proliferation index, and OTP IHC were independent predictors of dissemination at follow-up. In addition to the widely used carcinoid classification, a comprehensive analysis of histopathological variables including Ki-67, OTP, and CD44 could assist in the determination of distant metastasis risks of bronchial carcinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. B. P. Reuling
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.B.P.R.); (C.D.)
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, 3318 AT Dordrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dwayne D. Naves
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.D.N.); (P.C.K.); (M.A.M.B.)
| | - Pim C. Kortman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.D.N.); (P.C.K.); (M.A.M.B.)
| | - Mark A. M. Broeckaert
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.D.N.); (P.C.K.); (M.A.M.B.)
| | - Peter W. Plaisier
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, 3318 AT Dordrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Chris Dickhoff
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.B.P.R.); (C.D.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. A. Daniels
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.D.N.); (P.C.K.); (M.A.M.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Bremmer JF, Braakhuis BJM, Brink A, Broeckaert MAM, Beliën JAM, Meijer GA, Kuik DJ, René Leemans C, Bloemena E, Van Der Waal I, Brakenhoff RH. Comparative evaluation of genetic assays to identify oral pre-cancerous fields. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:599-606. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Daniels JMA, Eerenberg JP, Rijna H, Kummer JA, Broeckaert MAM, Paul MA, van Diest PJ, van Mourik JC. Mitotic index does not predict prognosis in stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2002; 38:163-7. [PMID: 12399128 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(02)00215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite radical resection, many patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) die of metastatic disease, showing that apparently there were already micrometastases at the time of surgery. To identify patients at risk for metastatic disease, accurate prognostic factors are needed. Because the mitotic activity index (MAI) is of good prognostic value in several other cancers, we assessed its value in stage IA NSCLC. We assessed the MAI in the sections of 133 patients with radically resected stage IA NSCLC. MAI, histologic subtype, age, sex, location of tumor, type of surgery and tumor diameter were correlated with survival. The mean MAI was 29, ranging from 0 to 89. MAI was not correlated to histologic tumor type or lymph node sample procedure, or any of the other clinicopathologic features. No correlation was found between MAI and survival. Univariate analysis showed that only age was a significant predictor of survival (P = 0.0007). This was confirmed by multivariate analysis. The mitotic index is not a predictor of prognosis in stage IA NSCLC. Therefore other prognostic factors have to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M A Daniels
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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