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Jukarainen S, Heinonen S, Rämö JT, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Rappou E, Tummers M, Muniandy M, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Pirinen E, Pietiläinen KH. Obesity Is Associated With Low NAD(+)/SIRT Pathway Expression in Adipose Tissue of BMI-Discordant Monozygotic Twins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:275-83. [PMID: 26574954 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sirtuins (SIRTs) regulate cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function according to the energy state of the cell reflected by NAD(+) levels. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine whether expressions of SIRTs and NAD(+) biosynthesis genes are affected by acquired obesity and how possible alterations are connected with metabolic dysfunction while controlling for genetic and familial factors. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS We studied a cross-sectional sample of 40 healthy pairs of monozygotic twins, including 26 pairs who were discordant for body mass index (within-pair difference > 3 kg/m(2)), from the FinnTwin12 and FinnTwin16 cohorts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptomics was analyzed by using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 chips, total SAT (poly-ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) activity by an ELISA kit, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy, and insulin sensitivity by an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT5, NAMPT, NMNAT2, NMNAT3, and NRK1 expressions were significantly down-regulated and the activity of main cellular NAD(+) consumers, PARPs, trended to be higher in the SAT of heavier co-twins of body mass index-discordant pairs. Controlling for twin-shared factors, SIRT1, SIRT3, NAMPT, NMNAT3, and NRK1 were significantly negatively correlated with adiposity, SIRT1, SIRT5, NMNAT2, NMNAT3, and NRK1 were negatively correlated with inflammation, and SIRT1 and SIRT5 were positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. Expressions of genes involved in mitochondrial unfolded protein response were also significantly down-regulated in the heavier co-twins. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight a strong relationship of reduced NAD(+)/SIRT pathway expression with acquired obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and impaired mitochondrial protein homeostasis in SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Jukarainen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Joel T Rämö
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Rita Rinnankoski-Tuikka
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Elisabeth Rappou
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Mark Tummers
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Maheswary Muniandy
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity (S.J., S.H., J.T.R., E.R., M.T., M.M., A.R., K.H.P.), FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, (J.T.R., J.K., K.H.P.), Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit (R.R.T., E.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology (A.H., N.L.), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (J.L.), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (J.K.), and Department of Health (J.K.), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center (K.H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
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Pietiläinen KH, Ismail K, Järvinen E, Heinonen S, Tummers M, Bollepalli S, Lyle R, Muniandy M, Moilanen E, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M. DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in adipose tissue differ significantly within young adult monozygotic BMI-discordant twin pairs. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:654-61. [PMID: 26499446 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about epigenetic alterations associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in obesity. Our aim was to study genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression differences in SAT in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs who are discordant for body mass index (BMI). This design completely matches lean and obese groups for genetic background, age, gender and shared environment. METHODS 14We analyzed DNA methylome and gene expression from SAT, together with body composition (magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy) and glucose tolerance test, lipids and C-reactive protein from 26 rare BMI-discordant (intrapair difference in BMI ⩾3 kg m(-2)) MZ twin pairs identified from 10 birth cohorts of young adult Finnish twins. RESULTS We found 17 novel obesity-associated genes that were differentially methylated across the genome between heavy and lean co-twins. Nine of them were also differentially expressed. Pathway analyses indicated that dysregulation of SAT in obesity includes a paradoxical downregulation of lipo/adipogenesis and upregulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, CpG sites whose methylation correlated with metabolically harmful fat depots (intra-abdominal and liver fat) also correlated with measures of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation, thus suggesting that epigenetic alterations in SAT are associated with the development of unhealthy obesity. CONCLUSION This is the first study in BMI-discordant MZ twin pairs reporting genome-wide DNA methylation and expression profiles in SAT. We found a number of novel genes and pathways whose methylation and expression patterns differ within the twin pairs, suggesting that the pathological adaptation of SAT to obesity is, at least in part, epigenetically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Ismail
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Järvinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Tummers
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Bollepalli
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lyle
- Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Muniandy
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Hakkarainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Ollikainen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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