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Ahmed A, Flavel M, Mitchell S, Macnab G, Dunuarachchige MD, Desai A, Jois M. Increased Milk Yield and Reduced Enteric Methane Concentration on a Commercial Dairy Farm Associated with Dietary Inclusion of Sugarcane Extract ( Saccharum officinarum). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3300. [PMID: 37894024 PMCID: PMC10604303 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a natural sugarcane extract (Polygain™) on milk production, milk composition and methane emissions on a commercial dairy farm. (2) Methods: A three-week baseline was established for lactating Holstein × Friesian animals. Following this baseline period, these animals were fed Polygain™ at 0.25% of their estimated dry matter intake for 3 weeks. Methane concentration in the feed bin was determined at each milking using the Gascard NG Infrared Sensor (Edinburgh Sensors LTD). (3) Results: During the intervention phase milk yield increased significantly from 26.43 kg to 28.54 kg per cow per day, whilst methane emissions and bulk tank somatic cell counts decreased significantly in the intervention phase. For methane concentration, an average of 246 ppm during the baseline periods reduced to an average of 161.09 ppm during the intervention phase. For the bulk tank somatic cell counts, the average was observed at 283,200 during the baseline and reduced to an average value of 151,100 during the intervention phase. (4) Conclusions: The natural sugarcane extract was shown to have the potential to mitigate enteric methane emissions while also increasing production and animal wellbeing outcomes in a commercial dairy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Matthew Flavel
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.A.); (M.J.)
- The Product Makers Bioactive Division, The Product Makers Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3173, Australia;
| | | | - Gregor Macnab
- The Product Makers Bioactive Division, The Product Makers Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3173, Australia;
| | | | - Aniruddha Desai
- Centre for Technology Infusion, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (M.D.D.); (A.D.)
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.A.); (M.J.)
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Puvvada RK, Tang CY, Thomas J, Kay M, Higgs P, Jois M, Madhan R, Gupta S. Using 17 th century medication for modern diabetes management: Doctors' perceptions of self-medication practices - A qualitative study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:375-383. [PMID: 37255776 PMCID: PMC10225456 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to explore doctors' perceptions and understanding of the self-medication practices of people living with type 2 diabetes. Methods A qualitative research design incorporating 20 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with doctors treating people with type 2 diabetes in Mysuru, India, between July 2019 and January 2020. All the interviews were conducted in doctors' clinics, audio-recorded and thematically analyzed. Results Three themes were identified from these interviews- i) Doctors' beliefs towards their patients' use of traditional medicine and environmental factors influencing prescription practices, ii) Doctors reported little faith in traditional medicines, iii) Limited strategies implemented by doctors to overcome barriers to self-medications. Doctors reported greater belief in western medications over traditional medications and expressed concern that their patients favored traditional medications over western. Multiple factors such as social media, accessibility of healthcare facilities and pill burden influenced adherence to western medications. Also, lack of knowledge about traditional medications and trust in western medications available under government schemes have influenced prescription practices among doctors. It appears that doctors implemented strategies such as educating patients on the detrimental effects of self-medication and insisting on patients to take only western medications to achieve desired blood glucose levels when managing self-medication practices among people with diabetes. Conclusion These results suggest that doctors have limited strategies to implement to prevent self-medication practices among people with diabetes. Increasing knowledge amongst doctors about JAS medication effectiveness and thereby garnering greater trust in generic medications. In addition, efforts should be made to identify the best ways to integrate traditional and western medicine into patient-centered care delivery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01154-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishna Puvvada
- Department of Microbiology Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology (MAPP), School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment (SABE), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka India
| | - Clarice Y. Tang
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Allied Health Department, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jency Thomas
- Department of Microbiology Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology (MAPP), School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment (SABE), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mitch Kay
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Microbiology Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology (MAPP), School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment (SABE), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramesh Madhan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka India
| | - Sabrina Gupta
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Munasinghe M, Afshari R, Heydarian D, Almotayri A, Dias DA, Thomas J, Jois M. Effects of cocoa on altered metabolite levels in purine metabolism pathways and urea cycle in Alzheimer's disease in C. elegans. Translational Medicine of Aging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Almasi F, Nguyen H, Heydarian D, Sohi R, Nikbin S, Jenvey CJ, Halliwell E, Ponnampalam EN, Desai A, Jois M, Stear MJ. Quantification of behavioural variation among sheep grazing on pasture using accelerometer sensors. Anim Prod Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Sohi R, Almasi F, Nguyen H, Carroll A, Trompf J, Weerasinghe M, Bervan A, Godoy BI, Ahmed A, Stear MJ, Desai A, Jois M. Determination of ewe behaviour around lambing time and prediction of parturition 7days prior to lambing by tri-axial accelerometer sensors in an extensive farming system. Anim Prod Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Munasinghe M, Almotayri A, Thomas J, Heydarian D, Jois M. Early Exposure is Necessary for the Lifespan Extension Effects of Cocoa in C. elegans. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211029443. [PMID: 34290507 PMCID: PMC8278456 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211029443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously showed that cocoa, a rich source of polyphenols improved the age-associated health and extended the lifespan in C. elegans when supplemented starting from L1 stage. Aim In this study, we aimed to find out the effects of timing of cocoa exposure on longevity improving effects and the mechanisms and pathways involved in lifespan extension in C. elegans. Methods The standard E. coli OP50 diet of wild type C. elegans was supplemented with cocoa powder starting from different larval stages (L1, L2, L3, and L4) till the death, from L1 to adult day 1 and from adult day 1 till the death. For mechanistic studies, different mutant strains of C. elegans were supplemented with cocoa starting from L1 stage till the death. Survival curves were plotted, and mean lifespan was reported. Results Cocoa exposure starting from L1 stage till the death and till adult day 1 significantly extended the lifespan of worms. However, cocoa supplementation at other larval stages as well as at adulthood could not extend the lifespan, instead the lifespan was significantly reduced. Cocoa could not extend the lifespan of daf-16, daf-2, sir-2.1, and clk-1 mutants. Conclusion Early-start supplementation is essential for cocoa-mediated lifespan extension which is dependent on insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Munasinghe
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Abdullah Almotayri
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jency Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Deniz Heydarian
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Samuel M, Fonseka P, Sanwlani R, Gangoda L, Chee SH, Keerthikumar S, Spurling A, Chitti SV, Zanker D, Ang CS, Atukorala I, Kang T, Shahi S, Marzan AL, Nedeva C, Vennin C, Lucas MC, Cheng L, Herrmann D, Pathan M, Chisanga D, Warren SC, Zhao K, Abraham N, Anand S, Boukouris S, Adda CG, Jiang L, Shekhar TM, Baschuk N, Hawkins CJ, Johnston AJ, Orian JM, Hoogenraad NJ, Poon IK, Hill AF, Jois M, Timpson P, Parker BS, Mathivanan S. Oral administration of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles induces senescence in the primary tumor but accelerates cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3950. [PMID: 34168137 PMCID: PMC8225634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the diet can be absorbed by the intestinal tract of the consuming organism, be bioavailable in various organs, and in-turn exert phenotypic changes is highly debatable. Here, we isolate EVs from both raw and commercial bovine milk and characterize them by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blotting, quantitative proteomics and small RNA sequencing analysis. Orally administered bovine milk-derived EVs survive the harsh degrading conditions of the gut, in mice, and is subsequently detected in multiple organs. Milk-derived EVs orally administered to mice implanted with colorectal and breast cancer cells reduce the primary tumor burden. Intriguingly, despite the reduction in primary tumor growth, milk-derived EVs accelerate metastasis in breast and pancreatic cancer mouse models. Proteomic and biochemical analysis reveal the induction of senescence and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells upon treatment with milk-derived EVs. Timing of EV administration is critical as oral administration after resection of the primary tumor reverses the pro-metastatic effects of milk-derived EVs in breast cancer models. Taken together, our study provides context-based and opposing roles of milk-derived EVs as metastasis inducers and suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Samuel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sing Ho Chee
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Spurling
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sai V Chitti
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien Zanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishara Atukorala
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sanjay Shahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akbar L Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Nedeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohashin Pathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kening Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nidhi Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sushma Anand
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Boukouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Adda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lanzhou Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanmay M Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine J Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amelia J Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Monique Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hoogenraad
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan K Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Mitchell CS, Premaratna SD, Bennett G, Lambrou M, Stahl LA, Jois M, Barber E, Antoniadis CP, Woods SC, Cameron-Smith D, Weisinger RS, Begg DP. Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System Reduces Gene Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Adipose Tissue Independent of Energy Balance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:682726. [PMID: 34149621 PMCID: PMC8206808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.682726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is present in adipose tissue, and evidence suggests that it is involved in both diet-induced obesity and the inflammation associated with obesity. The present experiments determined the effect of (1) different angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (captopril, perindopril, enalapril) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs: telmisartan, losartan) on adiposity of mice fed a high-fat diet for 28 days (2); acute treatment with the ACE-inhibitor captopril on gene expression of inflammatory markers in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD); and (3) short-term (2 days) and chronic (28 days) treatment of ACE-inhibition on energy expenditure (EE) and energy balance in mice fed HFD ad libitum (AL), as well as receiving HFD limited to the amount of calories eaten by controls (pair-fed (PF) group). Body weight, food intake, adiposity and plasma leptin were lower in ACE inhibitor or ARB-treated groups over 28 days compared with HFD untreated mice. Short-term treatment with captopril led to increased EE relative to the level in the PF group. After 28 days, EE was lower in both captopril-treated and PF mice compared with AL, but the effect was greater in the captopril-treated group. Adiponectin was elevated in captopril-treated mice, but not in PF mice, after both 2 and 28 days. Additionally, acute RAS blockade in HFD-fed mice reduced mRNA expression for MCP-1, IL-6, TLR4, and leptin in adipose tissue relative to values in untreated groups. These data demonstrate that ACE inhibition and angiotensin receptor blockade reduce food intake to produce weight loss and suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of ACE inhibition may be independent of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirmila D. Premaratna
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Garth Bennett
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Lambrou
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren A. Stahl
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barber
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Stephen C. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Deekshith C, Jois M, Radcliffe J, Thomas J. Effects of culinary herbs and spices on obesity: A systematic literature review of clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Tatucu-Babet OA, Forsyth A, Udy A, Radcliffe J, Benheim D, Calkin C, Ridley EJ, Gantner D, Jois M, Itsiopoulos C, Tierney AC. Use of a sensitive multisugar test for measuring segmental intestinal permeability in critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults: A pilot study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:454-461. [PMID: 33760268 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased intestinal permeability (IP) is associated with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to pilot a sensitive multisugar test to measure IP in the nonfasted state. METHODS Critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults were recruited from 2 ICUs in Australia. Measurements were completed within 3 days of admission using a multisugar test measuring gastroduodenal (sucrose recovery), small-bowel (lactulose-rhamnose [L-R] and lactulose-mannitol [L-M] ratios), and whole-gut permeability (sucralose-erythritol ratio) in 24-hour urine samples. Urinary sugar concentrations were compared at baseline and after sugar ingestion, and IP sugar recoveries and ratios were explored in relation to known confounders, including renal function. RESULTS Twenty-one critically ill patients (12 males; median, 57 years) participated. Group median concentrations of all sugars were higher following sugar administration; however, sucrose and mannitol increases were not statistically significant. Within individual patients, sucrose and mannitol concentrations were higher in baseline than after sugar ingestion in 9 (43%) and 4 (19%) patients, respectively. Patients with impaired (n = 9) vs normal (n = 12) renal function had a higher L-R ratio (median, 0.130 vs 0.047; P = .003), lower rhamnose recovery (median, 15% vs 24%; P = .007), and no difference in lactulose recovery. CONCLUSION Small-bowel and whole-gut permeability measurements are possible to complete in the nonfasted state, whereas gastroduodenal permeability could not be measured reliably. For small-bowel IP measurements, the L-R ratio is preferred over the L-M ratio. Alterations in renal function may reduce the reliability of the multisugar IP test, warranting further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A Tatucu-Babet
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrienne Forsyth
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Udy
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Radcliffe
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Senior Scientist Group Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Devin Benheim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Emma J Ridley
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Nutrition Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dashiell Gantner
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Audrey C Tierney
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Allied Health and Health Implementation Science and Technology Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Flavel M, Jois M, Kitchen B. Potential contributions of the methodology to the variability of glycaemic index of foods. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:108-123. [PMID: 33594331 PMCID: PMC7839170 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycaemic index (GI) testing provides a useful point of comparison between carbohydrate sources. For this comparison to be meaningful, the methods used to determine GI values need to be rigorous and consistent between testing events. This requirement has led to increasing standardization of the GI methodology, with an international standard developed in joint consultation with FAO/WHO (ISO 26642:2010) currently the most up to date document. The purpose of this review is to compare the international standard to methods of published studies claiming to have performed a GI test. This analysis revealed that the international standard permits a wide range of choices for researchers when designing a GI testing plan, rather than a single standardized protocol. It has also been revealed that the literature contains significant variation, both between studies and from the international standard for critical aspects of GI testing methodology. The primary areas of variation include; what glucose specification is used, which reference food is used, how much reference food is given, what drink is given during testing, the blood sampling site chosen and what assay and equipment is used to measure blood glucose concentration. For each of these aspects we have explored some of the methodological and physiological implications of these variations. These insights suggest that whilst the international standard has assisted with framing the general parameters of GI testing, further stan-dardization to testing procedures is still required to ensure the continued relevance of the GI to clinical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Flavel
- Bioactive Division, The Product Makers, Keysborough 3173, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Barry Kitchen
- Bioactive Division, The Product Makers, Keysborough 3173, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
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Almotayri A, Thomas J, Munasinghe M, Jois M. The Effect of Mianserin on Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegan is Abolished by Glucose. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 14:118-123. [PMID: 33397278 DOI: 10.2174/1874609813999210104203614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antidepressant Mianserin has been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegan (C. elegan), a well-established model organism used in ageing research. The extension of lifespan in C. elegan was shown to be dependent on increased expression of the scaffolding protein (ANK3/unc-44). In contrast, antidepressant use in humans is associated with an increased risk of death. The C. elegan elegan in the laboratory are fed Escherichia coli (E. coli), a diet high in protein and low in carbohydrate, whereas a typical human diet is high in carbohydrates. We hypothesized that dietary carbohydrates might mitigate the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of glucose added to the diet of C. elegan on the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. METHODS Wild-type Bristol N2 and ANK3/unc-44 inactivating mutants were cultured on agar plates containing nematode growth medium and fed E. coli. Treatment groups included (C) control, (M50) 50 μM mianserin, (G) 73 mM glucose, and (M50G) 50 μM mianserin and 73 mM glucose. Lifespan was determined by monitoring the worms until they died. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier version of the log-rank test. RESULTS Mianserin treatment resulted in a 12% increase in lifespan (P<0.05) of wild-type Bristol N2 worms but reduced lifespan by 6% in ANK3/unc-44 mutants, consistent with previous research. The addition of glucose to the diet reduced the lifespan of both strains of worms and abolished the lifespan-extension by mianserin. CONCLUSION The addition of glucose to the diet of C. elegan abolishes the lifespan-extension effects of mianserin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almotayri
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jency Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mihiri Munasinghe
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Puvvada RK, Gupta S, Tang CY, N Althubyani A, Jois M, Higgs P, Ramesh M, Thomas J. Factors affecting self-medication practices among people living with type 2 diabetes in India- A systematic review. Metabol Open 2020; 9:100073. [PMID: 33364596 PMCID: PMC7753190 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-medication practices of type 2 diabetes in India include the use of both traditional and western medications. It is important to understand the factors influencing self-medication. A total of 3257 studies were screened and nine studies (six quantitative and three qualitative) were included. The Hawker tool and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool were used to assess the quality of studies. The findings of the quantitative studies were descriptively analysed while thematic analysis was performed to identify key themes from the qualitative studies. The analysis indicated that participants had greater trust in traditional medications regardless of their socioeconomic and/or educational backgrounds as these were often recommended by friends and family members. Low cost, ease of availability and perceived lower side effects of traditional medications were some of the factors contributing to greater trust. It is suggested that ongoing management of type 2 diabetes requires stringent policies and regulations in the dispensing of traditional and western medications. Continual education to inform people on the use of self-medications and its possible adverse effects is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishna Puvvada
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sabrina Gupta
- Department of Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Clarice Y Tang
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Anwar N Althubyani
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - M. Ramesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jency Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
- Corresponding author. Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Tatucu-Babet OA, Forsyth A, Owen E, Navarro-Perez D, Radcliffe J, Benheim D, Mendis H, Jois M, Itsiopoulos C, Tierney AC. Serum zonulin measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay may not be a reliable marker of small intestinal permeability in healthy adults. Nutr Res 2020; 78:82-92. [PMID: 32563954 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association between intestinal permeability (IP) and body composition remains unclear. The gold standard differential sugar-absorption test is arduous to complete, with zonulin being increasingly used as an independent biomarker of IP. This pilot study aimed to explore the association between small IP, zonulin concentrations, and body composition in healthy adults. The urinary lactulose-rhamnose ratio was used to measure small IP. Serum zonulin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were analyzed in serum. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric measurements were collected. In total, 34 participants were included (12 males, median age 28 years, body mass index 24 kg/m2, waist circumference 77cm). No correlation was observed between the lactulose-rhamnose ratio and zonulin (r = -.016, P = .929). The lactulose-rhamnose ratio displayed a strong positive correlation with LPS (n 20, r = .536, P = .018) but did not correlate with body composition measures. Conversely, zonulin displayed a moderate positive correlation with waist circumference (r = .437, P = .042) in female participants and hs-CRP (r = .485, P = .004) in all participants. These findings raise important considerations for the measurement of small IP, warranting exploration in larger powered studies that address the limitations of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A Tatucu-Babet
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Adrienne Forsyth
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Owen
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Navarro-Perez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Radcliffe
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Senior Scientist Group Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Devin Benheim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Himasha Mendis
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Audrey C Tierney
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Allied Health and Health Implementation Science and Technology Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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15
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Driscoll KS, Appathurai A, Jois M, Radcliffe JE. Effects of herbs and spices on blood pressure: a systematic literature review of randomised controlled trials. J Hypertens 2019; 37:671-679. [PMID: 30817445 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting 1 billion people worldwide. Literature suggests some herbs and spices have cardiovascular benefits, such as decreasing blood pressure; yet evidence is inconsistent. This article reviewed randomized controlled trials investigating effects of herbs and spices on blood pressure in normotensive, pre-hypertensive and hypertensive participants. Ovid Medline, Embase, Biological abstracts, CINAHL and Cochrane Collaboration were systematically searched. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, nine articles were included for analysis. Overall, three of the nine studies reported statistically significant results, including one of the two studies on hypertensive participants and two of the six studies on pre-hypertensive participants. The remaining study was conducted on normotensive participants and reported no change in blood pressure. There is evidence to suggest certain herbs and spices can reduce blood pressure in a hypertensive and pre-hypertensive population and may not induce hypotension in a normotensive population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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16
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Gao S, Chen W, Zhang N, Xu C, Jing H, Zhang W, Han G, Flavel M, Jois M, Zeng Y, Han JDJ, Xian B, Li G. A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30933063 DOI: 10.3791/59082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying toxicity testing of chemicals in higher order organisms, such as mice or rats, is time-consuming and expensive, due to their long lifespan and maintenance issues. On the contrary, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has advantages to make it an ideal choice for toxicity testing: a short lifespan, easy cultivation, and efficient reproduction. Here, we describe a protocol for the automatic phenotypic profiling of C. elegans in a 384-well plate. The nematode worms are cultured in a 384-well plate with liquid medium and chemical treatment, and videos are taken of each well to quantify the chemical influence on 33 worm features. Experimental results demonstrate that the quantified phenotype features can classify and predict the acute toxicity for different chemical compounds and establish a priority list for further traditional chemical toxicity assessment tests in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, China
| | - Weiyang Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences), China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Haiming Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Gaochao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, China
| | | | | | - Yingxin Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bo Xian
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;
| | - Guojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, China;
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17
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Tegegne SM, Jois M, Flavel MR, Callahan DL, Benheim D. Rapid induction of vitamin B12 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic medium. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Ahmed A, Sohi R, Roohi R, Jois M, Raedts P, Aarons SR. Spatially and temporally variable urinary N loads deposited by lactating cows on a grazing system dairy farm. J Environ Manage 2018; 215:166-176. [PMID: 29571097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Feed nitrogen (N) intakes in Australian grazing systems average 545 g cow-1 day-1, indicating that urinary N is likely to be the dominant form excreted. Grazing animals spend disproportionate amounts of time in places on dairy farms where N accumulation is likely to occur. We attached to grazing cows sensors that measure urine volume and N concentration, as well as global positioning systems sensors used to monitor the times the cows spent in different places on a farm and the location of urination events. The cows were monitored for up to 72 h in each of two seasons. More urination events and greater urine volumes per event were recorded in spring 2014 (3.1 L) compared with winter 2015 (1.4 L), most likely influenced by environmental conditions and the greater spring rainfall observed. Mean (range) N concentration (0.71%; 0.02 to 1.52%) and N load (12.8 g cow-1 event-1; 0.3 to 64.5 g cow-1 event-1) did not differ over the two monitoring periods. However, mean (range) daily N load was greater in spring (277 g cow-1 day-1; 200 to 346 g cow-1 day-1) than in winter (90 g cow-1 day-1; 44 to 116 g cow-1 day-1) due to the influence of urine volume. Relatively greater time was spent in paddocks overnight (13.3 h) than in paddocks between morning and evening milking (6.4 h), compared with the mean numbers of urinations in these places (6.4 and 3.8 respectively). The mean N load deposited overnight in paddocks (89.6 g cow-1) was more than twice that deposited in paddocks during the day (43.8 g cow-1), due to the greater N load per event overnight, and was more closely linked to the relative difference in time spent in paddocks than in the number of urination events. These data suggest that routinely holding cows in the same paddocks overnight will lead to high urinary N depositions, increasing the potential for N losses from these places. Further research using this technology is required to acquire farm and environment specific urinary data to improve N management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Rajneet Sohi
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Rakhshan Roohi
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Peter Raedts
- Dairy Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Cradle Coast Campus, 16-20 Mooreville Road, Box 3523, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia
| | - Sharon R Aarons
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia.
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Sohi R, Trompf J, Marriott H, Bervan A, Godoy BI, Weerasinghe M, Desai A, Jois M. Determination of maternal pedigree and ewe-lamb spatial relationships by application of Bluetooth technology in extensive farming systems. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:5145-5151. [PMID: 29293717 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to validate the application of Bluetooth technology to determine maternal pedigree and to determine ewe-lamb spatial relationships in extensive farming systems. A total of 35 first-cross Merino ewes (Merino × Border Leicester and East Friesian) and 23 of their lambs aged 1 to 3 wk were fitted with activity monitors equipped with Bluetooth (BT) technology (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) by means of halters and collars, respectively. The BT devices on lambs were programmed to receive wireless signals once every minute from nearby BT units on ewes, which were programmed as beacons sending BT signals 4 times every second. Ewes and lambs fitted with sensors were dispatched into the paddocks, and after 10 d, the sensor units were retrieved and the BT signals received by lambs were downloaded using the ActiGraph software. The maternal pedigree of the lambs was determined as the ewe from which the lamb received the most BT signals. The distance between the lamb receiving the signal and the ewe sending the signal was estimated from the strength of BT signal received. The pedigree determined by BT was compared with the pedigree determined by DNA profiling and verification. The results showed that the accuracy of maternal pedigree determined by BT signals reached 100% within the first 15 min of returning animals to pasture of ewes and lambs fitted with sensors. Maternal signals (counts/d) received by 1-, 2-, and 3-wk-old lambs were 617 ± 102, 603 ± 54, and 498 ± 36, respectively, and the corresponding nonmaternal signals received were 140 ± 27, 106 ± 30, and 155 ± 39, respectively. Maternal signals received during the dark period were significantly higher than the maternal signals received during the light period ( < 0.05). Maternal signals received during the light period by 3-wk-old lambs were significantly lower when compared with those received by 1- and 2-wk-old lambs. Over 90% of the BT signals received from within 2 m of the lamb were from its mother. The maternal BT signals expressed as a portion of total BT signals decreased with increasing distance from the lamb. The results show that BT wireless networking is a fast and reliable method for the determination of maternal pedigree of lambs in extensive farming systems. In addition, wireless BT technology is also useful in determining mother-offspring spatial relationships.
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20
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Dou T, Li Z, Wang K, Liu L, Rong H, Xu Z, Huang Y, Gu D, Chen X, Hu W, Zhang J, Zhao S, Jois M, Li Q, Ge C, Te Pas MFW, Jia J. Regulation of myostatin expression is associated with growth and muscle development in commercial broiler and DMC muscle. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:511-522. [PMID: 29740785 PMCID: PMC6060753 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Muscle tissue is the largest tissue in the body and influences body growth. Commercial Avian broiler chickens are selected for high growth rate and muscularity. Daweishan mini chickens are a slow growing small-sized chicken breed. We investigated the relations between muscle (breast and leg) myostatin mRNA expression and body and muscle growth. Twenty chickens per breed were slaughtered at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days of age. Body and muscle weights were higher at all times in Avian chickens. Breast muscle myostatin expression was higher in Avian chickens than in Daweishan mini chickens at day 30. Myostatin expression peaked at day 60 in Daweishan mini chickens and expression remained higher in breast muscle. Daweishan mini chickens myostatin expression correlated positively with carcass weight, breast and leg muscle weight from day 0 to 60, and correlated negatively with body weight from day 90 to 150, while myostatin expression in Avian chickens was negatively correlated with carcass and muscle weight from day 90 to 150. The results suggest that myostatin expression is related to regulation of body growth and muscle development, with two different regulatory mechanisms that switch between days 30 and 60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Dou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtian Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Rong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Faculty of Food Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Hu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Qihua Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Marinus F W Te Pas
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Building 107, Radix, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Kunming Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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21
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Chen W, Liao B, Li W, Dong X, Flavel M, Jois M, Li G, Xian B. Segmenting Microscopy Images of Multi-Well Plates Based on Image Contrast. Microsc Microanal 2017; 23:932-937. [PMID: 28712372 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Image segmentation is a key process in analyzing biological images. However, it is difficult to detect the differences between foreground and background when the image is unevenly illuminated. The unambiguous segmenting of multi-well plate microscopy images with various uneven illuminations is a challenging problem. Currently, no publicly available method adequately solves these various problems in bright-field multi-well plate images. Here, we propose a new method based on contrast values which removes the need for illumination correction. The presented method is effective enough to distinguish foreground and therefore a model organism (Caenorhabditis elegans) from an unevenly illuminated microscope image. In addition, the method also can solve a variety of problems caused by different uneven illumination scenarios. By applying this methodology across a wide range of multi-well plate microscopy images, we show that our approach can consistently analyze images with uneven illuminations with unparalleled accuracy and successfully solve various problems associated with uneven illumination. It can be used to process the microscopy images captured from multi-well plates and detect experimental subjects from an unevenly illuminated background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Chen
- School of Information, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bo Liao
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Information, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiangjun Dong
- School of Information, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Matthew Flavel
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Guojun Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Center of Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Bo Xian
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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22
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Navarro-Perez D, Radcliffe J, Tierney A, Jois M. Quinoa Seed Lowers Serum Triglycerides in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Dose-Response Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e001321. [PMID: 29955719 PMCID: PMC5998774 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a pseudo-cereal originally cultivated in the Andean region. The popularity of its seeds has increased in recent years due to the claims of health benefits and superfood qualities. Studies to date on the health benefits of quinoa have been restricted to animal models, and the results provide weak to moderate evidence to support improved plasma lipid profiles. Clinical trials in humans to examine the claims of health benefits of quinoa are limited to a few prospective studies and one randomized trial carried out in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in the general population. Objective: The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effect of different quinoa doses (25 and 50 g/d) on body composition, serum lipids and hormones, and nutrient intakes in overweight and obese humans. Methods: This was a dose-response randomized, controlled, single-blind trial with a parallel design (1 control and 2 treatment groups) that compared the effect of 25 and 50 g quinoa/d in 50 overweight and obese participants over a 12-wk intervention period. Results: Body composition, nutrient intake, and total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol were not significantly altered by quinoa consumption (P > 0.05). Mean serum triglyceride (TG) concentration was reduced significantly in the 50-g quinoa group from 1.14 to 0.72 mmol/L at 12 wk (P < 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was also reduced in this group by 70%. No significant changes in TGs were observed in the control and 25-g quinoa groups. The prevalence of MetS was reduced by 40% (from n = 7 at baseline to n = 4 at 12 wk) in the 25-g group. Conclusions: The consumption of 50 g quinoa/d lowers serum TGs in overweight and obese participants and reduces the prevalence of MetS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as UTN U1111-1175-470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Navarro-Perez
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Radcliffe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Audrey Tierney
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tong HQ, Jiang ZQ, Dou TF, Li QH, Xu ZQ, Liu LX, Gu DH, Rong H, Huang Y, Chen XB, Jois M, Te Pas MFW, Ge CR, Jia JJ. Comparison and analysis of Wuding and avian chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8815. [PMID: 27808377 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15048815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells are located between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of mature muscle fibers. Avian broilers have been genetically selected based on their high growth velocity and large muscle mass. The Wuding chicken is a famous local chicken in Yunnan Province that undergoes non-selection breeding and is slow growing. In this study, we aimed to explore differences in the proliferation and differentiation properties of satellite cells isolated from the two chicken breeds. Using immunofluorescence, hematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, we analyzed the in vitro characteristics of proliferating and differentiating satellite cells isolated from the two chicken breeds. The growth curve of satellite cells was S-shaped, and cells from Wuding chickens entered the logarithmic phase and plateau phase 1 day later than those from Avian chicken. The results also showed that the two skeletal muscle satellite cell lines were positive for Pax7, MyoD and IGF-1. The expression of Pax7 followed a downward trend, whereas that of MyoD and IGF-1 first increased and subsequently decreased in cells isolated from the two chickens. These data indicated that the skeletal muscle satellite cells of Avian chicken grow and differentiate faster than did those of Wuding chickens. We suggest that the methods of breeding selection applied to these breeds regulate the characteristics of skeletal muscle satellite cells to influence muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Tong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Z Q Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - T F Dou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Q H Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Z Q Xu
- Department of Food Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - L X Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - D H Gu
- Department of Food Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - H Rong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - X B Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - M Jois
- School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - M F W Te Pas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Science, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C R Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - J J Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Keerthikumar S, Chisanga D, Ariyaratne D, Al Saffar H, Anand S, Zhao K, Samuel M, Pathan M, Jois M, Chilamkurti N, Gangoda L, Mathivanan S. ExoCarta: A Web-Based Compendium of Exosomal Cargo. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:688-692. [PMID: 26434508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 913] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are membranous vesicles that are released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment and are implicated in intercellular communication. As exosomes contain RNA, proteins and lipids, there is a significant interest in characterizing the molecular cargo of exosomes. Here, we describe ExoCarta (http://www.exocarta.org), a manually curated Web-based compendium of exosomal proteins, RNAs and lipids. Since its inception, the database has been highly accessed (>54,000 visitors from 135 countries). The current version of ExoCarta hosts 41,860 proteins, >7540 RNA and 1116 lipid molecules from more than 286 exosomal studies annotated with International Society for Extracellular Vesicles minimal experimental requirements for definition of extracellular vesicles. Besides, ExoCarta features dynamic protein-protein interaction networks and biological pathways of exosomal proteins. Users can download most often identified exosomal proteins based on the number of studies. The downloaded files can further be imported directly into FunRich (http://www.funrich.org) tool for additional functional enrichment and interaction network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - David Chisanga
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Dinuka Ariyaratne
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Haidar Al Saffar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sushma Anand
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kening Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Monisha Samuel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Mohashin Pathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Naveen Chilamkurti
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jois
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Cichello SA, Weisinger RS, Schuijers J, Jois M. 1-Sarcosine-angiotensin II infusion effects on food intake, weight loss, energy expenditure, and skeletal muscle UCP3 gene expression in a rat model. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5:239-46. [PMID: 24614996 PMCID: PMC4159489 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-014-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a myriad of proteins responsible for modulation of expenditure of energy. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a vital component of renin-angiotensin system that affects blood pressure and also linked to both cachexia and obesity via fat and muscle metabolism. Previous research suggests that the direct action of Ang II is on the brain, via angiotensin II type 1 receptor protein, affecting food intake and energy expenditure. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of 1-sarcosine (SAR)-Ang II infusion on energy expenditure and metabolism in a rat model of congestive heart failure cachexia. METHODS Adult female rats of the Sprague Dawley strain (n = 33) were used (11 pair-fed control, 12 ad libitum and 10, 1-sarcosine-angiotensin II-infused rats). Body weight, faecal excretion, feed intake (in grams), water intake (in milliliters) and urine excreted were recorded daily. The measurements were recorded in three different periods (4 days prior to surgery, "pre-infusion"; day of surgery and 5 days postsurgery, "infusion period"; days 7 to 14, "recovery" period). Different analytical methods were used to measure energy expenditure per period, uncoupling protein 3 mRNA expression, crude protein and adipose tissue body composition. RESULTS During the infusion period, the SAR-Ang II group experienced rapid weight loss (p < 0.05) in comparison to the ad libitum and pair-fed groups. The SAR-Ang II group displayed lower (p < 0.05) body fat content (in percent) than the controls. There was also increased (p < 0.05) uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA expression in the SAR-Ang II group and pair-fed group when compared to the controls. CONCLUSION In summary, the results suggest that SAR-Ang II infusion impairs appetite and decreases body weight by wasting predominantly adipose tissue, which may be due to elevated energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling (UCP3 protein activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Cichello
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia,
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Radcliffe J, Itsiopoulos C, Kucuktepe S, Wesinger R, Jois M. PP255-SUN: Effects of Culinary Herbs and Spices on Blood Pressure and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cichello SA, Begg DP, Jois M, Weisinger RS. Prevention of diet-induced obesity in C57BL/BJ mice with addition of 2 % dietary green tea but not with cocoa or coffee to a high-fat diet. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2013. [DOI: 10.3233/s12349-013-0137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Cichello
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Key State Laboratory for Pu-erh Tea Research, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China. e-mail:
| | - D. P. Begg
- School of Psychological Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - M. Jois
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - R. S. Weisinger
- School of Psychological Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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Samadi, Jois M, Dunshea F, Leury B. The β3-adrenergic agonist (BRL35135A) improves feed efficiency and decreases visceral but not subcutaneous fat in lambs. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Premaratna SD, Manickam E, Begg DP, Rayment DJ, Hafandi A, Jois M, Cameron-Smith D, Weisinger RS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reverses diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation in C57BL/6J mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:233-43. [PMID: 21556046 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition can reduce the body weight of mice maintained on a high-fat diet. The current study examined the effect of the ACE inhibitor, captopril (CAP), on the reversal of diet-induced obesity (DIO), insulin resistance and inflammation in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS DIO was produced in C57BL/6J male mice (n=30) by maintaining animals on a high-fat diet (w/w 21% fat) for 12 weeks. During the subsequent 12-week treatment period, the animals were allowed access to the high-fat diet and either water containing CAP (0.05 mg ml(-1)) or plain tap water (CON, control). RESULTS From the first week of treatment, food intake and body weight decreased in CAP-treated mice compared with CON mice. Both peripheral insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin sensitivity were improved in CAP-treated mice compared with CON mice. CAP-treated mice had decreased absolute and relative liver and epididymal fat weights compared with CON mice. CAP-treated mice had higher plasma adiponectin and lower plasma leptin levels than CON mice. Relative to CON mice, CAP-treated mice had reduced adipose and skeletal muscle monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), adipose interleukin-6 (IL-6), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mRNA expressions. Furthermore, CAP-treated mice had increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expressions in the liver. CONCLUSION The results of the current study indicate that in mice with DIO, CAP treatment reduced food intake and body weight, improved insulin sensitivity and decreased the mRNA expression of markers of inflammation. Thus, CAP may be a viable treatment for obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Premaratna
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Samadi, Jois M, Dunshea FR, Leury BJ. The β3-adrenergic agonist (BRL35135A) acutely increases oxygen consumption and plasma intermediate metabolites in sheep. Anim Prod Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/an10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that an atypical adrenoreceptor subtype is involved in mediating some of the physiological effects of catecholamines, particularly in some adipose tissue sites. Therefore, three experiments were conducted to determine the metabolic and energetic responses to oral administration of the purported β3-agonist BRL35135A in ruminant lambs. The post-prandial increase in O2 consumption (0.109 versus 0.139 L/min) and CO2 production (0.102 versus 0.127 L/min) at 30 min after feeding was greater (P < 0.05) in the lambs receiving 5 mg of the BRL35135A. Treatment × time interactions over the period between –50 and 220 min indicate significant increases in plasma non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.001), glucose (P < 0.001) and lactate (P = 0.024) in lambs consuming a single oral dose of 5 mg BRL35135A. In a subsequent experiment there were similar interactions over the period between –120 and 1440 min for non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.001), glucose (P < 0.001) and lactate (P < 0.001) in lambs consuming a lower oral dose of 1 mg BRL35135A. The effects of BRL35135A on plasma non-esterified fatty acids (P = 0.95), glucose (P = 0.84) and lactate (P = 0.68) were not modified by the β1- and β2-adrenergic antagonist alprenolol suggesting that the effects were mediated via β3-adrenergic receptor subtypes. In conclusion, these experiments indicate that BRL35135A is acutely active in sheep when given with feed, as indicated by increases in respiratory gas exchange and plasma metabolite concentrations.
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Weisinger RS, Begg DP, Jois M. Antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system and the prevention of obesity. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 10:1069-1077. [PMID: 19777395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role as an energy store, adipose tissue also acts as an endocrine organ, synthesizing and secreting hormones and cytokines. This review discusses angiotensin II (Ang-II), the biologically active component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Evidence suggests that a functioning RAS is present in adipose tissue. Animal studies have demonstrated that modifying the amount of Ang-II in the body (eg, using RAS knockout/transgenic animal models or the pharmacological treatment of animal models to prevent the formation or action of Ang-II) directly influences body weight and adiposity. In humans, body fat is correlated with levels of angiotensinogen, a precursor of Ang-II. Thus, the treatment of obesity could be improved through the use of substances that interfere with Ang-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Weisinger
- La Trobe University, School of Psychological Science, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) belong to the family of mitochondrial transporter proteins that may uncouple the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from electron transport and the synthesis of ATP from ADP, hence generating heat rather than energy. In mammals, more than five family members have been identified, including UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, UCP4 (or BMCP1/UCP5) and UCP5. The UCPs may play an important role in energy homeostasis and have become prominent in the fields of thermogenesis, obesity, diabetes and free-radical biology and have been considered candidate genes for obesity and insulin resistance. They have been as important potential targets for treatment of aging, degenerative diseases, diabetes and obesity. Recently, a series of studies showed the polymorphisms of UCPs gene association with the fat metabolism, obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes data supporting the roles of UCP2 and UCP3 in energy dissipation, as well as the genetic variety association with fat metabolism, obesity and diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Weisinger RS, Stanley TK, Begg DP, Weisinger HS, Spark KJ, Jois M. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition lowers body weight and improves glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J mice maintained on a high fat diet. Physiol Behav 2009; 98:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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JIA JJ, TIAN YB, ZHANG X, HUANG QC, WEN SP, GU FY, GE CR, CAO ZH, CHENG ZB, Jois M. Effect of Crossbreed on the Muscle Quality (Chemical Composition) in Yun-Ling Black Goats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ge C, Jia J, Gao S, Huang Q, Li F, Jois M. Feeding a natural plant extract affects growth
performance in beef cattle. J Anim Feed Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/74612/2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The glycine cleavage enzyme system (GCS) is found in mitochondria. In liver it is activated by glucagon and other hormones but it is not known how the hormonal signal is transmitted to the mitochondria. We found that the cell-permeant protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid stimulated flux through GCS and could induce a significant increase in the sensitivity of GCS and of glycogenolysis to glucagon. Half-maximal stimulation of GCS by glucagon occurred at 3.2+/-0.6 nM, whereas it was fully activated at 0.3 nM in the presence of 1 microM okadaic acid. The protein kinase A agonist adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Sp isomer (10 microM) stimulated the GCS flux by approx. 100%. This stimulation was inhibited by the protein kinase A antagonist 8-bromoadenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp isomer (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS). Although Rp-8-Br-cAMPS significantly inhibited glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis it had no effect on the glucagon-stimulated GCS flux. These results indicate that a cytoplasmic phosphorylated protein is involved in transmitting glucagon's effect to the mitochondria. However, protein kinase A does not have a necessary role in transmitting glucagon's signal. We also examined the role of protein kinase C because angiotensin II also stimulated flux through GCS. However, the phorbol ester PMA had no effect on either GCS or on glycogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Mabrouk
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
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Abstract
The uptake and metabolism of propionate in the isolated perfused caudal lobe of the liver and in isolated hepatocytes were examined following treatment of sheep with glucagon or saline. Glucagon or sterile saline was infused at 9.8 micrograms/min for 3 h into the jugular vein and then the caudal lobe of the liver was removed surgically under anaesthesia. The caudal lobe was used either to prepare hepatocytes or in a non-recirculating perfusion experiment. Uptake and metabolism of propionate were studied using [2-14C]propionate. In studies using the non-recirculation perfusion of the caudal lobe of the sheep liver it was shown that the treatment of sheep with glucagon resulted in an increased rate of gluconeogenesis from propionate and in an increased net uptake of propionate by the caudal lobe. The uptake of propionate into the hepatocytes was saturable, concentrative and exhibited a K(m) for propionate of 0.24 (SE 0.07) mM and a maximal rate of uptake (Vmax) of 6.7 (SE 0.6) nmol/mg dry cells per min and was unaffected by glucagon treatment of sheep. After incubation of cells in medium containing 0.5 mM-[2-14C]propionate for 10 min, the rate of gluconeogenesis from propionate was 22% higher in the hepatocytes isolated from glucagon-treated sheep. Concentrations in the medium of 1.35 mM butyrate and 1 mM-caproate inhibited propionate uptake by about 50% and abolished the glucagon-induced stimulation of gluconeogenesis from propionate. The results are consistent with a regulatory role for glucagon in the gluconeogenesis from propionate in the sheep liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ali
- School of Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Hormones which regulate hepatic oxidation of glycine include glucagon, catecholamines and vasopressin. The stimulation of oxidation of glycine by glucagon requires cyclic nucleotidedependent phosphorylation of one or more cytosolic proteins and does not involve mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores. The stimulation of glycine oxidation by catecholamines and vasopressin, on the other hand, appears to involve calcium mobilization. While calcium has direct effect on mitochondrial glycine oxidation, the link between phosphorylation of cytosolic protein(s) and mitochondrial glycine oxidation is not known. The stimulation of glycine oxidation by hormones can be demonstrated in mitochondria isolated from rats treated with hormones prior to sacrifice. Both the effects of glucagon and calcium are evident in isolated mitochondria only when inorganic phosphate is included in the medium. These findings are discussed in relation to the regulation of hepatic glycine oxidation.
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Abstract
1. The catabolism of glycine was studied in isolated rat liver mitochondria by measuring release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]-glycine. Incubation of mitochondria in a medium containing 0.5 microM free Ca2+ resulted in an 8-fold increase in the rate of degradation of glycine. Intraperitoneal injection of glucagon (33 or 100 micrograms/100 g body wt.) 25 min before killing of rats also resulted in a 3-fold or 10-fold (depending on dosage) increase in the rate of catabolism of glycine. 2. Both the stimulation by free Ca2+ and that by injection of glucagon in vivo were dependent on phosphate in the incubation medium. This requirement for phosphate was specific, as replacement of phosphate by other permeant anions such as thiocyanate and acetate did not permit the stimulation. The phosphate-dependent stimulation of glycine catabolism by Ca2+ was also evident when mitochondria were incubated in the absence of K+. 3. Mitochondria isolated from rats previously injected with glucagon showed elevated rates of degradation of glycine even in the presence of rotenone, provided that regeneration of NAD+ was affected by providing acetoacetate. 4. Hypo-osmolarity of the medium markedly stimulated the rate of degradation of glycine by mitochondria. Although hypo-osmolarity-induced stimulation of glycine degradation was accompanied by parallel changes in mitochondrial matrix volume, no measurable changes in matrix volume were observed in mitochondria stimulated either by free Ca2+ (0.5 microM) or by injection of glucagon in vivo. Furthermore, Ca2+ stimulated glycine decarboxylation in mitochondria exposed to either hyper-osmolar (410 mosmol) or hypo-osmolar (210 mosmol) conditions. Although hyper-osmolarity decreased and hypo-osmolarity increased matrix volume, stimulation of glycine degradation by Ca2+ was not associated with any further changes in matrix volume. 5. These data demonstrate that the regulation of hepatic glycine oxidation by glucagon and by free Ca2+ is largely independent of changes in mitochondrial matrix volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jois
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Abstract
Glycine catabolism was studied in isolated rat liver mitochondria by measuring the release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glycine. Mitochondria isolated from rats fed on a high-protein (60% casein) diet for 5 days showed an enhanced ability to catabolize glycine compared with mitochondria from rats fed on a normal-protein (15% casein) diet. Glycine catabolism was also stimulated in normal protein-fed rats if they ingested a single high-protein meal for 2 h before being killed, thus illustrating the rapid response of the glycine-cleavage system to protein intake. The stimulation of glycine catabolism in rats given a high-protein diet or meal was not evident if the mitochondria were incubated in the absence of P(i) (omitting ADP had no effect on the rate). Mitochondria from high-protein- and normal-protein-fed rats did not differ in their ability to accumulate glycine, a process which occurred far too rapidly to impose a limit on the rate of flux through the glycine-cleavage system. The stimulation of glycine catabolism by high-protein feeding was not associated with a change in mitochondrial matrix volume. Furthermore, mitochondria from rats fed on a high-protein meal maintained an enhanced ability to catabolize glycine compared with those from rats fed on a normal-protein meal when incubated in hypo-osmotic solutions of very low osmolarity. When mitochondria from high-protein- or normal-protein-fed rats were maximally activated by incubation in the presence of 0.25 microM-Ca2+, the rates of glycine catabolism were high, but similar, showing that the stimulation of glycine catabolism by high-protein feeding does not involve an increase in the total capacity of the system. These findings show that hepatic glycine catabolism is stimulated rapidly by high-protein feeding, a response that we suggest is involved in the disposal of the excess glycine in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ewart
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Jois M, Hall B, Collett VM, Brosnan JT. Flux through glycine cleavage system in isolated hepatocytes: effects of glucagon, cAMP, and calcium. Biochem Cell Biol 1990; 68:543-6. [PMID: 2160835 DOI: 10.1139/o90-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatic glycine cleavage system (GCS) is the principal route for the metabolism of glycine in mammals. Flux through the GCS in isolated rat hepatocytes was stimulated by about 100% by glucagon (10(-7) M), forskolin (10(-4) M), and dibutyryl cAMP (10(-4) M). The stimulation of flux through the GCS by these agents was accompanied by marked elevation of cellular cAMP levels. A significant correlation was observed between increased cellular cAMP levels induced by glucagon and stimulation of flux through the GCS by glucagon. Exclusion of calcium from the incubation medium reduced the basal flux by 38%, but did not affect the degree of stimulation of flux through the GCS by glucagon. A single intraperitoneal injection of glucagon to rats prior to isolation of hepatocytes resulted in a 76% stimulation of flux through the GCS. These hepatocytes with stimulated flux through the GCS showed reduced sensitivity for further stimulation by glucagon. Half-maximal stimulation of flux through the GCS occurred at 3.8 +/- 1.1 and 8.5 +/- 1.4 nM glucagon in hepatocytes isolated from control and glucagon-injected rats, respectively. We conclude that cAMP is involved in the regulation of flux through the GCS by glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jois
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Jois M, Hall B, Brosnan JT. Stimulation of glycine catabolism in isolated perfused rat liver by calcium mobilizing hormones and in isolated rat liver mitochondria by submicromolar concentrations of calcium. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:1246-8. [PMID: 1688557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon stimulates flux through the glycine cleavage system (GCS) in isolated rat hepatocytes (Jois, M., Hall, B., Fewer, K., and Brosnan, J. T. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3347-3351. In the present study, flux through GCS was measured in isolated rat liver perfused with 100 nM glucagon, 1 microM epinephrine, 1 microM norepinephrine, 10 microM phenylephrine, or 100 nM vasopressin. These hormones increased flux through GCS in perfused rat liver by 100-200% above the basal rate. The possibility that the stimulation of flux by adrenergic agonists and vasopressin is mediated by increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ which in turn could regulate mitochondrial glycine catabolism was examined by measuring flux through GCS in isolated mitochondria in the presence of 0.04-2.88 microM free Ca2+. Flux through GCS in isolated mitochondria was exquisitely sensitive to free Ca2+ in the medium; half-maximal stimulation occurred at about 0.4 microM free Ca2+ and maximal stimulation (7-fold) was reached when the free Ca2+ in the medium was 1 microM. The Vmax (nanomoles/mg protein/min) and Km (millimolar) values for the flux through GCS in intact mitochondria were 0.67 +/- 0.16 and 20.66 +/- 4.82 in the presence of 1 mM [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid and 3.28 +/- 0.76 and 10.98 +/- 1.91 in presence of 0.5 microM free Ca2+, respectively. The results show that the flux through GCS is sensitive to concentrations of calcium which would be achieved in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes stimulated by calcium-mobilizing hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jois
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Canada
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Jois M, Hall B, Brosnan JT. Stimulation of glycine catabolism in isolated perfused rat liver by calcium mobilizing hormones and in isolated rat liver mitochondria by submicromolar concentrations of calcium. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Jois M, Hall B, Fewer K, Brosnan JT. Regulation of hepatic glycine catabolism by glucagon. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:3347-51. [PMID: 2536745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon stimulates 14CO2 production from [1-14C] glycine by isolated rat hepatocytes. Maximal stimulation (70%) of decarboxylation of glycine by hepatocytes was achieved when the concentration of glucagon in the medium reached 10 nM; half-maximal stimulation occurred at a concentration of about 2 nM. A lag period of 10 min was observed before the stimulation could be measured. Inclusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate (10 mM) or acetoacetate (10 mM) did not affect the magnitude of stimulation suggesting that the effects of glucagon were independent of mitochondrial redox state. Glucagon did not affect either the concentration or specific activity of intracellular glycine, thus excluding the possibilities that altered concentration or specific activity of intracellular glycine contributes to the observed stimulation. The stimulation of decarboxylation of glycine by glucagon was further studied by monitoring 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glycine by mitochondria isolated from rats previously injected with glucagon. Glycine decarboxylation was significantly stimulated in the mitochondria isolated from the glucagon-injected rats. We suggest that glucagon is a major regulator of hepatic glycine metabolism through the glycine cleavage enzyme system and may be responsible for the increased hepatic glycine removal observed in animals fed high-protein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jois
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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McDowell GH, Gooden JM, Leenanuruksa D, Jois M, English AW. Effects of exogenous growth hormone on milk production and nutrient uptake by muscle and mammary tissues of dairy cows in mid-lactation. Aust J Biol Sci 1987; 40:295-306. [PMID: 3327491 DOI: 10.1071/bi9870295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Responses to exogenous growth hormone were measured in lactating dairy cows surgically prepared to allow measurement of nutrient exchanges across mammary and hind-limb muscle tissues. Cows were injected daily with either saline or growth hormone, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg liveweight, over periods of 6 days. During administration of growth hormone milk yield, milk fat content and yields of milk fat protein and lactose increased. Arterial plasma concentrations of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids were increased, uptake of glucose by leg muscle tissue decreased, lactate release from leg muscle tended to increase, mammary uptake of non-esterified fatty acids increased, blood flow to leg muscle tended to increase and blood flow to mammary tissue increased during injection of growth hormone. The results show that growth hormone affects supply to and utilization of key nutrients by tissues, resulting in the supply to the mammary gland of additional precursors for milk synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H McDowell
- Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Sydney, Camden, N.S.W
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