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Pang H, Dorian B, Gao L, Xie Z, Cran M, Muthukumaran S, Sidiroglou F, Gray S, Zhang J. Remediation of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soil using gas fractionation enhanced technology. Sci Total Environ 2022; 827:154310. [PMID: 35257781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated a gas fractionation enhanced soil washing method for poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal from contaminated soil. With the assistance of gas fractionation, PFAS removal was increased by a factor of 9, compared to the conventional soil washing method. Pre-extraction (pre-treatment) of the soil with water before gas fractionation enhanced PFAS removal from soil. The optimum extraction time varied based on the soil particle size, since it will change the swelling time of the soil. The influence of various operational conditions such as water to soil mass ratio (W:S ratio), gas type in fractionation, gas flowrate, fractionation time and soil pre-treatment condition have been studied to identify the critical influencing factors. Among various W:S ratios (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10) studied, higher W:S ratio resulted in better PFAS removals, but PFAS removal began to plateau as the W:S ratio increased. PFAS removal could be improved by repeated treatment with low water consumption. Air, oxygen, and ozone generated by air and oxygen were used, in which ozone generated by oxygen achieved the highest PFAS removals of 55.9%. Among different fractionation times (10 min, 20 min and 30 min), a fractionation time of 20 min achieved better total PFAS removal for studied soil, because PFOS was the dominant species in the total PFAS. However, the removal of some PFAS species, such as PFHxS, would be increased with extended fractionation time. With constant fractionation time (10 min), PFAS removal performance improved with the increasing gas flowrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Pang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; South East Water Corporation, PO Box 2268, Seaford, Victoria 3198, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Marlene Cran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Fotios Sidiroglou
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Stephen Gray
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
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Yang G, Xie Z, Zhang S, Zheng H, Cai K, Cran M, Ng D, Wu C, Gray S. Functionalized Carbon Nanotube-Mediated Transport in Membranes Containing Fixed-Site Carriers for Fast Pervaporation Desalination. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50918-50928. [PMID: 33108870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Facilitated transport membranes (FTMs) comprising fixed carrier agents hold considerable potential for obtaining selective and fast separation of mixed molecules in either gas or liquid state. However, diffusion through the membrane is inevitably affected by the resistance from the polymer matrix, where the carrier is absent. Herein, a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based separating layer combining the merits of fixed-site transport agents and inorganic nanofillers was developed to reduce the transport resistance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different degrees of oxidation were prepared and incorporated into the sulfonic acid (-SO3H)-modified PVA matrix. The resultant composite membrane consisting of a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene substrate and a thin PVA-based separating layer (∼700 nm thick) was subject to pervaporation desalination of sodium chloride solution (35,000 ppm) at 30 °C. The effect of -SO3H as a fixed transport agent in the PVA matrix was first investigated experimentally, showing an increase of water flux by 21.8% compared with a control membrane without the transport agent. Subsequently, the CNT-incorporated FTM exhibited good stability (50 h) and improvement in water transport, which was ∼161% of the control FTM (PVA with -SO3H) without loss of selectivity. Such high and stable performance achieved in the CNT-incorporated FTM originated from the construction of low-resistance transport pathways by CNTs between -SO3H groups as well as their uniform dispersion in the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Shixin Zhang
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Cai
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Marlene Cran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Derrick Ng
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Chunrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Institute of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Stephen Gray
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
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Yang G, Xie Z, Cran M, Wu C, Gray S. Dimensional Nanofillers in Mixed Matrix Membranes for Pervaporation Separations: A Review. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E193. [PMID: 32825195 PMCID: PMC7559426 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pervaporation (PV) has been an intriguing membrane technology for separating liquid mixtures since its commercialization in the 1980s. The design of highly permselective materials used in this respect has made significant improvements in separation properties, such as selectivity, permeability, and long-term stability. Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), featuring inorganic fillers dispersed in a polymer matrix to form an organic-inorganic hybrid, have opened up a new avenue to facilely obtain high-performance PV membranes. The combination of inorganic fillers in a polymer matrix endows high flexibility in designing the required separation properties of the membranes, in which various fillers provide specific functions correlated to the separation process. This review discusses recent advances in the use of nanofillers in PV MMMs categorized by dimensions including zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional nanomaterials. Furthermore, the impact of the nanofillers on the polymer matrix is described to provide in-depth understanding of the structure-performance relationship. Finally, the applications of nanofillers in MMMs for PV separation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (G.Y.); (M.C.)
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Marlene Cran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (G.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Chunrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Institute of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Stephen Gray
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (G.Y.); (M.C.)
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Yang G, Xie Z, Doherty CM, Cran M, Ng D, Gray S. Understanding the transport enhancement of poly (vinyl alcohol) based hybrid membranes with dispersed nanochannels for pervaporation application. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang G, Xie Z, Cran M, Ng D, Gray S. Enhanced desalination performance of poly (vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube composite pervaporation membranes via interfacial engineering. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Duong S, Strobel N, Buddhadasa S, Stockham K, Auldist M, Wales B, Orbell J, Cran M. Rapid measurement of phytosterols in fortified food using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Food Chem 2016; 211:570-6. [PMID: 27283669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the measurement of total phytosterols in fortified food was developed and tested using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Unlike existing methods, this technique is capable of simultaneously extracting sterols during saponification thus significantly reducing extraction time and cost. The rapid method is suitable for sterol determination in a range of complex fortified foods including milk, cheese, fat spreads, oils and meat. The main enhancements of this new method include accuracy and precision, robustness, cost effectiveness and labour/time efficiencies. To achieve these advantages, quantification and the critical aspects of saponification were investigated and optimised. The final method demonstrated spiked recoveries in multiple matrices at 85-110% with a relative standard deviation of 1.9% and measurement uncertainty value of 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Duong
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia; Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Norbert Strobel
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Saman Buddhadasa
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Katherine Stockham
- Australian Government, National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Martin Auldist
- Department of Environment and Primary Industry (DEPI), 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - Bill Wales
- Department of Environment and Primary Industry (DEPI), 1301 Hazeldean Road, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - John Orbell
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Marlene Cran
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
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Robinson K, Duff Z, Mercer J, Cran M, Gill-Morton P, Main S. Managing vancomycin-resistant enterococci. A winning team approach. Can Nurse 1997; 93:36-9. [PMID: 9444145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been the treatment of choice for a broad range of bacterial infections for decades. In recent years, however, concern has been growing over the increasing incidence of infections that are resistant to known antibiotics. A 1995 outbreak of ampicillin- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at the 3Y site of the McMaster University Medical Centre brought this concern home to us and resulted in the development of outbreak-management guidelines for VRE.
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