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Alonso-Nocelo M, Ruiz-Cañas L, Sancho P, Görgülü K, Alcalá S, Pedrero C, Vallespinos M, López-Gil JC, Ochando M, García-García E, David Trabulo SM, Martinelli P, Sánchez-Tomero P, Sánchez-Palomo C, Gonzalez-Santamaría P, Yuste L, Wörmann SM, Kabacaoğlu D, Earl J, Martin A, Salvador F, Valle S, Martin-Hijano L, Carrato A, Erkan M, García-Bermejo L, Hermann PC, Algül H, Moreno-Bueno G, Heeschen C, Portillo F, Cano A, Sainz B. Macrophages direct cancer cells through a LOXL2-mediated metastatic cascade in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Gut 2023; 72:345-359. [PMID: 35428659 PMCID: PMC9872246 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2) contributes to tumour progression and metastasis in different tumour entities, but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been evaluated in immunocompetent in vivo PDAC models. DESIGN Towards this end, we used PDAC patient data sets, patient-derived xenograft in vivo and in vitro models, and four conditional genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMS) to dissect the role of LOXL2 in PDAC. For GEMM-based studies, K-Ras +/LSL-G12D;Trp53 LSL-R172H;Pdx1-Cre mice (KPC) and the K-Ras +/LSL-G12D;Pdx1-Cre mice (KC) were crossed with Loxl2 allele floxed mice (Loxl2Exon2 fl/fl) or conditional Loxl2 overexpressing mice (R26Loxl2 KI/KI) to generate KPCL2KO or KCL2KO and KPCL2KI or KCL2KI mice, which were used to study overall survival; tumour incidence, burden and differentiation; metastases; epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT); stemness and extracellular collagen matrix (ECM) organisation. RESULTS Using these PDAC mouse models, we show that while Loxl2 ablation had little effect on primary tumour development and growth, its loss significantly decreased metastasis and increased overall survival. We attribute this effect to non-cell autonomous factors, primarily ECM remodelling. Loxl2 overexpression, on the other hand, promoted primary and metastatic tumour growth and decreased overall survival, which could be linked to increased EMT and stemness. We also identified tumour-associated macrophage-secreted oncostatin M (OSM) as an inducer of LOXL2 expression, and show that targeting macrophages in vivo affects Osm and Loxl2 expression and collagen fibre alignment. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings establish novel pathophysiological roles and functions for LOXL2 in PDAC, which could be potentially exploited to treat metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kıvanç Görgülü
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Pedrero
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Vallespinos
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Gil
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Ochando
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-García
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Sara Maria David Trabulo
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medizinische Universitat Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Tomero
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Palomo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histologia y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Santamaría
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Yuste
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonja Maria Wörmann
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Derya Kabacaoğlu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Julie Earl
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumor Markers Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Tumours Research Programme, Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Martin
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Valle
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Hijano
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumor Markers Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Tumours Research Programme, Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mert Erkan
- University Research Center for Translational Medicine - KUTTAM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Group, Area 4, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departament of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Tumours Research Programme, Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Valle S, Alcalá S, Martin-Hijano L, Cabezas-Sáinz P, Navarro D, Muñoz ER, Yuste L, Tiwary K, Walter K, Ruiz-Cañas L, Alonso-Nocelo M, Rubiolo JA, González-Arnay E, Heeschen C, Garcia-Bermejo L, Hermann PC, Sánchez L, Sancho P, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Sainz B. Exploiting oxidative phosphorylation to promote the stem and immunoevasive properties of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5265. [PMID: 33067432 PMCID: PMC7567808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourth leading cause of cancer death, has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 7-9%. The ineffectiveness of anti-PDAC therapies is believed to be due to the existence of a subpopulation of tumor cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are functionally plastic, and have exclusive tumorigenic, chemoresistant and metastatic capacities. Herein, we describe a 2D in vitro system for long-term enrichment of pancreatic CSCs that is amenable to biological and CSC-specific studies. By changing the carbon source from glucose to galactose in vitro, we force PDAC cells to utilize OXPHOS, resulting in enrichment of CSCs defined by increased CSC biomarker and pluripotency gene expression, greater tumorigenic potential, induced but reversible quiescence, increased OXPHOS activity, enhanced invasiveness, and upregulated immune evasion properties. This CSC enrichment method can facilitate the discovery of new CSC-specific hallmarks for future development into targets for PDAC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Valle
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Hijano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sáinz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Diego Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Yuste
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kanishka Tiwary
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolin Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Rubiolo
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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Hidalgo T, Alonso-Nocelo M, Bouzo BL, Reimondez-Troitiño S, Abuin-Redondo C, de la Fuente M, Horcajada P. Biocompatible iron(iii) carboxylate metal-organic frameworks as promising RNA nanocarriers. Nanoscale 2020; 12:4839-4845. [PMID: 32065596 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08127e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great interest in RNA therapeutics, the development of a successful gene delivery process is still a major challenge. We propose an efficient nucleic acid entrapment into the mesopores of biocompatible nanoscaled metal-organic frameworks. Their rapid cellular uptake together with RNA protection and release led to a relevant in vitro gene activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hidalgo
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit (APMU), IMDEA Energy Institute, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles-Madrid, Spain. and Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, France
| | - M Alonso-Nocelo
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B L Bouzo
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Cancer Network Research (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Cancer Network Research (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Abuin-Redondo
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M de la Fuente
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Horcajada
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit (APMU), IMDEA Energy Institute, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles-Madrid, Spain. and Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, France
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4
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D'Errico G, Alonso-Nocelo M, Vallespinos M, Hermann PC, Alcalá S, García CP, Martin-Hijano L, Valle S, Earl J, Cassiano C, Lombardia L, Feliu J, Monti MC, Seufferlein T, García-Bermejo L, Martinelli P, Carrato A, Sainz B. Tumor-associated macrophage-secreted 14-3-3ζ signals via AXL to promote pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Oncogene 2019; 38:5469-5485. [PMID: 30936462 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an inherently chemoresistant tumor. Chemotherapy leads to apoptosis of cancer cells, and in previous studies we have shown that tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration increases following chemotherapy in PDAC. Since one of the main functions of macrophages is to eliminate apoptotic cells, we hypothesized that TAMs phagocytose chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cells and secrete factors, which favor PDAC chemoresistance. To test this hypothesis, primary human PDAC cultures were treated with conditioned media (CM) from monocyte-derived macrophage cultures incubated with apoptotic PDAC cells (MØApopCM). MØApopCM pretreatment rendered naïve PDAC cells resistant to Gemcitabine- or Abraxane-induced apoptosis. Proteomic analysis of MØApopCM identified YWHAZ/14-3-3 protein zeta/delta (14-3-3ζ), a major regulator of apoptotic cellular pathways, as a potential mediator of chemoresistance, which was subsequently validated in patient transcriptional datasets, serum samples from PDAC patients and using recombinant 14-3-3ζ and inhibitors thereof. Moreover, in mice bearing orthotopic PDAC tumors, the antitumor potential of Gemcitabine was significantly enhanced by elimination of TAMs using clodronate liposomes or by pharmacological inhibition of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase, a 14-3-3ζ interacting partner. These data highlight a unique regulatory mechanism by which chemotherapy-induced apoptosis acts as a switch to initiate a protumor/antiapoptotic mechanism in PDAC via 14-3-3ζ/Axl signaling, leading to phosphorylation of Akt and activation of cellular prosurvival mechanisms. The data presented therefore challenge the idea that apoptosis of tumor cells is therapeutically beneficial, at least when immune sensor cells, such as macrophages, are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D'Errico
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Vallespinos
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Pedrero García
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Hijano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Valle
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Earl
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00446 and CB16/12/00398), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Cassiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luis Lombardia
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit-Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00446 and CB16/12/00398), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00446 and CB16/12/00398), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Teijeiro-Valiño C, Novoa-Carballal R, Borrajo E, Vidal A, Alonso-Nocelo M, de la Fuente Freire M, Lopez-Casas PP, Hidalgo M, Csaba N, Alonso MJ. A multifunctional drug nanocarrier for efficient anticancer therapy. J Control Release 2018; 294:154-164. [PMID: 30529724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
So far, the success of anticancer nanomedicines has been moderate due to their lack of adequate targeting properties and/or to their difficulties for penetrating tumors. Here we report a multifunctional drug nanocarrier consisting of hyaluronic acid nanocapsules conjugated with the tumor homing peptide tLyp1, which exhibits both, dual targeting properties (to the tumor and to the lymphatics), and enhanced tumor penetration. Data from a 3D co-culture in vitro model showed the capacity of these nanocapsules to interact with the NRP1 receptors over-expressed in cancer cells. The targeting capacity of the nanocapsules was evidenced in orthotopic lung cancer-bearing mice, using docetaxel as a standard drug. The results showed a dramatic accumulation of docetaxel in the tumor (37-fold the one achieved with Taxotere®). This biodistribution profile correlated with the high efficacy shown in terms of tumor growth regression and drastic reduction of metastasis in the lymphatics. When efficacy was validated in a pancreatic patient-derived tumor, the nanocapsule's activity was comparable to that of a dose ten times higher of Abraxane®. Multi-functionality was found to be the key to the success of this new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Teijeiro-Valiño
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Erea Borrajo
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Vidal
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Nano-Oncology Unit. Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), SERGAS, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente Freire
- Nano-Oncology Unit. Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), SERGAS, CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro P Lopez-Casas
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noémi Csaba
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Alonso-Nocelo M, Raimondo TM, Vining KH, López-López R, de la Fuente M, Mooney DJ. Matrix stiffness and tumor-associated macrophages modulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human adenocarcinoma cells. Biofabrication 2018; 10:035004. [PMID: 29595143 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaafbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining increasing attention in oncology, as it is recognized to be functionally important during tumor development and progression. Tumors are heterogeneous tissues that, in addition to tumor cells, contain tumor-associated cell types such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. These other cells, together with the specific extracellular matrix (ECM), create a permissive environment for tumor growth. While the influence of tumor-infiltrating cells and mechanical properties of the ECM in tumor invasion and progression have been studied separately, their interaction within the complex TME and the epithelial -to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is still unclear. In this work, we develop a 3D co-culture model of lung adenocarcinoma cells and macrophages in an interpenetrating network hydrogel, to investigate the influence of the macrophage phenotype and ECM stiffness in the induction of EMT. Rising ECM stiffness increases both tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness. The presence of tumor-associated macrophages and the ECM stiffness jointly contribute to an invasive phenotype, and modulate the expression of key EMT-related markers. Overall, these findings support the utility of in vitro 3D cancer models that allow one to study interactions among key components of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), SERGAS, CIBERONC, E-15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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7
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Alonso-Nocelo M, Abellan-Pose R, Vidal A, Abal M, Csaba N, Alonso MJ, Lopez-Lopez R, de la Fuente M. Selective interaction of PEGylated polyglutamic acid nanocapsules with cancer cells in a 3D model of a metastatic lymph node. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:51. [PMID: 27339609 PMCID: PMC4918033 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastases are the most common reason of cancer death in patients with solid tumors. Lymph nodes, once invaded by tumor cells, act as reservoirs before cancer cells spread to distant organs. To address the limited access of intravenously infused chemotherapeutics to the lymph nodes, we have developed PEGylated polyglutamic acid nanocapsules (PGA-PEG NCs), which have shown ability to reach and to accumulate in the lymphatic nodes and could therefore act as nanotransporters. Once in the lymphatics, the idea is that these nanocapsules would selectively interact with cancer cells, while avoiding non-specific interactions with immune cells and the appearance of subsequent immunotoxicity. Results The potential of the PGA-PEG NCs, with a mean size of 100 nm and a negative zeta potential, to selectively reach metastatic cancer cells, has been explored in a novel 3D model that mimics an infiltrated lymph node. Our 3D model, a co-culture of cancer cells and lymphocytes, allows performing experiments under dynamic conditions that simulate the lymphatic flow. After perfusion of the nanocarriers, we observe a selective interaction with the tumor cells. Efficacy studies manifest the need to develop specific therapies addressed to treat metastatic cells that can be in a dormant state. Conclusions We provide evidence of the ability of PGA-PEG NCs to selectively interact with the tumor cells in presence of lymphocytes, highlighting their potential in cancer therapeutics. We also state the importance of designing precise in vitro models that allow performing mechanistic assays, to efficiently develop and evaluate specific therapies to confront the formation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Abellan-Pose
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Anxo Vidal
- Cell Cycle and Oncology Group CiCLOn, IDIS, Center for Research in Molecular and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Alonso
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Rafael Lopez-Lopez
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria de la Fuente
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Alonso-Nocelo M, Abuín C, López-López R, de la Fuente M. Development and characterization of a three-dimensional co-culture model of tumor T cell infiltration. Biofabrication 2016; 8:025002. [PMID: 27078888 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/2/025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis entangle the alteration and recruitment of non-malignant cells to the primary tumor, among them immune cells, constituting the tumor microenvironment (TME). Communication between tumor cells and their stroma has been shown as a fundamental driving force of the tumoral process. A great deal of effort has been focused on depicting their specific interactions and crosstalk. However, most research has been carried out in 2D conventional cultures that alter cell morphology and intracellular signaling processes. Considering these premises, we have developed a 3D cell co-culture model to mimic T cell infiltration into the tumor mass and explore tumor-immune cells interactions in the TME. Expression of specific cell markers and assessment of cell proliferation were carried out to characterize the proposed 3D co-culture model. Additionally, the study and profiling of the secretome revealed a subset of particular cancer-related inflammation proteins prompted upon 3D cultivation of tumor cells in presence of lymphocytes, pointing out an intercellular communication. Altogether, these results suggest that our 3D cell co-culture model can be a useful tool to identify and study critical factors mediating the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells in the TME. Finally, the potential of this model as a drug-screening platform has been explored using docetaxel as a model antitumoral compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alonso-Nocelo
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Clinical University Hospital/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Barbazán J, Vieito M, Abalo A, Alonso-Alconada L, Muinelo-Romay L, Alonso-Nocelo M, León L, Candamio S, Gallardo E, Anido U, Doll A, de los Ángeles Casares M, Gómez-Tato A, Abal M, López-López R. A logistic model for the detection of circulating tumour cells in human metastatic colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2342-9. [PMID: 22304365 PMCID: PMC3823427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The accuracy in the diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents one of the challenges in the clinical management of patients. The detection of circulating tumour cells (CTC) is becoming a promising alternative to current detection techniques, as it focuses on one of the players of the metastatic disease and it should provide with more specific and sensitive detection rates. Here, we describe an improved method of detection of CTC from mCRC patients by combining immune-enrichment, optimal purification of RNA from very low cell numbers, and the selection of accurate PCR probes. As a result, we obtained a logistic model that combines GAPDH and VIL1 normalized to CD45 rendering powerful results in the detection of CTC from mCRC patients (AUROC value 0.8599). We further demonstrated the utility of this model at the clinical setting, as a reliable prognosis tool to determine progression-free survival in mCRC patients. Overall, we developed a strategy that ameliorates the specificity and sensitivity in the detection of CTC, resulting in a robust and promising logistic model for the clinical management of metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barbazán
- Translational Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Barbazán J, Alonso-Alconada L, Muinelo-Romay L, Vieito M, Abalo A, Alonso-Nocelo M, Candamio S, Gallardo E, Fernández B, Abdulkader I, de Los Ángeles Casares M, Gómez-Tato A, López-López R, Abal M. Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in human metastatic colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40476. [PMID: 22811761 PMCID: PMC3397799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) relies on the detachment of aggressive malignant cells from the primary tumor into the bloodstream and, concordantly, the presence of these Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) is associated with a poor prognosis. In this work, the molecular characterization of CTC from mCRC patients was approached, with the aim of understanding their biology and improving their clinical utility in the management of colorectal cancer patients. For this, EpCAM-based immunoisolation of CTC was combined with whole transcriptome amplification and hybridization onto cDNA microarrays. Gene expression data from mCRC patients, once the background of unspecific immunoisolation from a group of controls had been subtracted, resulted in 410 genes that characterized the CTC population. Bioinformatics were used for the biological interpretation of the data, revealing that CTC are characterized by genes related to cell movement and adhesion, cell death and proliferation, and cell signalling and interaction. RTqPCR on an independent series of mCRC patients and controls was used for the validation of a number of genes related to the main cellular functions characterizing the CTC population. Comparison between primary carcinomas and lung and liver metastases further involved the CTC-genes in the promotion of metastasis. Moreover, the correlation of CTC-gene expression with clinical parameters demonstrated detection and prognosis significance. In conclusion, the molecular characterization of CTC from mCRC patients and the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers represent an innovative and promising approach in the clinical management of this type of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barbazán
- Translational Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Barbazan J, Alonso-Alconada L, Muinelo-Romay L, Vieito M, Abalo A, Alonso-Nocelo M, Candamio S, Gomez-Tato A, Lopez-Lopez R, Abal M. 764 Molecular Characterisation of Circulating Tumor Cells in Human Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Barbazan J, Alonso-Alconada L, Muinelo-Romay L, Vieito M, Abalo A, Alonso-Nocelo M, Candamio S, Vazquez F, Vidal Y, Fernandez B, Abdulkader I, Casares MDLA, Gomez-Tato A, Abal M, Lopez R. Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in human metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10534 Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) relies on the detachment of aggressive malignant cells from the primary tumor into the bloodstream, being this Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) the principal source of the further metastasis. Clinically, the presence of CTC is associated with poor prognosis and there exists a clear necessity for more specific and efficient chemotherapies in the treatment of mCRC. Our aim was to overcome this adverse scenario through the massive molecular profiling of the CTC population isolated from mCRC patients. Methods: CTC’s were magnetically isolated by using anti-EpCAM coupled magnetic beads from 6 mCRC patients and 3 healthy controls. The presence of CTCs was evaluated by citokeratins 8, 18 and 19 staining. RNA from CTCs was amplified by a whole transcriptome amplification system (WTA) and resulting material was hybridized onto gene expression arrays. Bioinformatics were used to array analysis. Selected genes were validated by RT-qPCR. Results: 410 transcripts were found to specifically characterise the CTC population after array signals comparison between mCRC patients and controls. Gene-gene interaction analysis generated networks related with cell migration, adhesion or apoptosis resistance. Gene ontology revealed similar functions. Signalling pathways such as RhoA, PKA, ILK, integrins or actin cytoskeleton signalling were found as relevant in CTCs. Eleven genes (TGFB1, APP, TIMP1, CD9, CLU, ITGB5, LIMS1, RSU1, VCL, BMP6 and TLN1) were validated by real-time PCR in 20 mCRC patient and 10 control samples. All genes showed a significantly higher expression in patients (p<0.0001). Except from TLN1 and CD9, all genes had a prognostic value in terms of progression free survival (p<0.05). Conclusions: We described the molecular profiling of CTCs in stage IV CRC patients, characterized by a migratory and invasive phenotype. Specific and sensitive diagnostic/prognostic markers were obtained. Our strategy represents an innovative and promising approach in the clinical management of mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barbazan
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lorena Alonso-Alconada
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Vieito
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Candamio
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Vidal
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ihab Abdulkader
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gomez-Tato
- School of Mathematics, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Lopez
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Muinelo-Romay L, Alonso-Alconada L, Alonso-Nocelo M, Barbazan J, Abal M. Tumor Invasion and Oxidative Stress: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Mol Med 2012; 12:746-62. [DOI: 10.2174/156652412800792570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Muinelo-Romay L, Colas E, Barbazan J, Alonso-Alconada L, Alonso-Nocelo M, Bouso M, Curiel T, Cueva J, Anido U, Forteza J, Gil-Moreno A, Reventos J, Lopez-Lopez R, Abal M. High-risk endometrial carcinoma profiling identifies TGF-β1 as a key factor in the initiation of tumor invasion. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1357-66. [PMID: 21613448 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is among the three most common cancers in females in industrialized countries. In the majority of cases, the tumor is confined to the uterus at the time of diagnosis and presents a good prognosis. However, after primary surgery, 15% to 20% of these tumors recur and have limited response to systemic therapy. We carried out gene expression profiling of high-risk recurrence endometrial cancers to identify new therapeutic approaches targeting the molecular pathways involved in the acquisition of an aggressive tumor phenotype. A microarray gene-expression analysis on a total of 51 human endometrial carcinomas revealed 77 genes specifically altered in high-risk recurrence tumors (P < 0.001). The bioinformatics analysis of gene-gene interactions and molecular relationships among these genes pointed to a prominent role for TGF-β1 signaling in the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype. We further showed that TGF-β1 has a principal role at the initiation of endometrial carcinoma invasion through the promotion of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition that leads to the acquisition of an invasive phenotype in HEC-1A and RL95-2 cells. Impairment of this initial step with SB-431542, a specific TGF-β1 inhibitor, precluded further persistent endometrial carcinoma invasion. In conclusion, we showed that the characterization of the molecular changes associated with the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype represents a realistic strategy for the rational identification and characterization of new potential therapeutic targets in an effort to improve the clinical management and the outcome of high-risk endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Translational Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela/SERGAS, Trav. Choupana s/n 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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