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Tafi E, Sagona S, Meucci V, Bortolotti L, Galloni M, Bogo G, Gatta D, Casini L, Barberis M, Nepi M, Felicioli A. Effect of amino acid enriched diets on hemolymph amino acid composition in honey bees. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2024; 115:e22085. [PMID: 38288497 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are an abundant class of nectar solutes, and they are involved in the nectar attractiveness to flower visitors. Among the various AAs, proline is the most abundant proteogenic AA, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and β-alanine are the two most abundant non-proteogenic AAs. These three AAs are known to affect insect physiology, being involved in flight metabolism and neurotransmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial diets enriched with either β-alanine, GABA, or proline on consumption, survival, and hemolymph composition in honey bees belonging to two different ages and with different metabolism (i.e., newly emerged and foragers). Differences in feed intake among diets were not observed, while a diet enriched with β-alanine improved the survival rate of newly emerged honey bees compared to the control group. Variations in the hemolymph AA concentrations occurred only in newly emerged honey bees, according to the diet and the time of hemolymph sampling. A greater susceptibility of young honey bees to enriched diets than older honey bees was observed. The variations in the concentrations of hemolymph AAs reflect either the accumulation of dietary AAs or the existence of metabolic pathways that may lead to the conversion of dietary AAs into different ones. This investigation could be an initial contribution to studying the complex dynamics that regulate hemolymph AA composition and its effect on honey bee physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tafi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Sagona
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Bortolotti
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Galloni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gherardo Bogo
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Gatta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Casini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Barberis
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Research in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Leclercq N, Marshall L, Weekers T, Basu P, Benda D, Bevk D, Bhattacharya R, Bogusch P, Bontšutšnaja A, Bortolotti L, Cabirol N, Calderón-Uraga E, Carvalho R, Castro S, Chatterjee S, De La Cruz Alquicira M, de Miranda JR, Dirilgen T, Dorchin A, Dorji K, Drepper B, Flaminio S, Gailis J, Galloni M, Gaspar H, Gikungu MW, Hatteland BA, Hinojosa-Diaz I, Hostinská L, Howlett BG, Hung KLJ, Hutchinson L, Jesus RO, Karklina N, Khan MS, Loureiro J, Men X, Molenberg JM, Mudri-Stojnić S, Nikolic P, Normandin E, Osterman J, Ouyang F, Oygarden AS, Ozolina-Pole L, Ozols N, Parra Saldivar A, Paxton RJ, Pitts-Singer T, Poveda K, Prendergast K, Quaranta M, Read SFJ, Reinhardt S, Rojas-Oropeza M, Ruiz C, Rundlöf M, Sade A, Sandberg C, Sgolastra F, Shah SF, Shebl MA, Soon V, Stanley DA, Straka J, Theodorou P, Tobajas E, Vaca-Uribe JL, Vera A, Villagra CA, Williams MK, Wolowski M, Wood TJ, Yan Z, Zhang Q, Vereecken NJ. Global taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bees in apple orchards. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:165933. [PMID: 37536603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
An essential prerequisite to safeguard pollinator species is characterisation of the multifaceted diversity of crop pollinators and identification of the drivers of pollinator community changes across biogeographical gradients. The extent to which intensive agriculture is associated with the homogenisation of biological communities at large spatial scales remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated diversity drivers for 644 bee species/morphospecies in 177 commercial apple orchards across 33 countries and four global biogeographical biomes. Our findings reveal significant taxonomic dissimilarity among biogeographical zones. Interestingly, despite this dissimilarity, species from different zones share similar higher-level phylogenetic groups and similar ecological and behavioural traits (i.e. functional traits), likely due to habitat filtering caused by perennial monoculture systems managed intensively for crop production. Honey bee species dominated orchard communities, while other managed/manageable and wild species were collected in lower numbers. Moreover, the presence of herbaceous, uncultivated open areas and organic management practices were associated with increased wild bee diversity. Overall, our study sheds light on the importance of large-scale analyses contributing to the emerging fields of functional and phylogenetic diversity, which can be related to ecosystem function to promote biodiversity as a key asset in agroecosystems in the face of global change pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leclercq
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - L Marshall
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - T Weekers
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Basu
- Centre for Pollination Studies, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - D Benda
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Bevk
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Bhattacharya
- Centre for Pollination Studies, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - P Bogusch
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - A Bontšutšnaja
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Bortolotti
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Cabirol
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - E Calderón-Uraga
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - R Carvalho
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Chatterjee
- Centre for Pollination Studies, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - M De La Cruz Alquicira
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - J R de Miranda
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 05, Sweden
| | - T Dirilgen
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A Dorchin
- Laboratory of Zoology, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Entomology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - K Dorji
- College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Punakha, Bhutan
| | - B Drepper
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Flaminio
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Zoology, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - J Gailis
- Institute for Plant Protection Research Agrihorts, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - M Galloni
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Gaspar
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M W Gikungu
- Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - B A Hatteland
- Division for Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Aas, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Hinojosa-Diaz
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - L Hostinská
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - B G Howlett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - K-L J Hung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - L Hutchinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - R O Jesus
- Graduate Program in Ecology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Karklina
- Institute for Plant Protection Research Agrihorts, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - M S Khan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - J Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - X Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology,Jinan 250100, China
| | - J-M Molenberg
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Mudri-Stojnić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - P Nikolic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - E Normandin
- Centre sur la biodiversité, Département des sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, QC, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - J Osterman
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstrasse 4, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - F Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - A S Oygarden
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - L Ozolina-Pole
- Institute for Plant Protection Research Agrihorts, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - N Ozols
- Institute for Plant Protection Research Agrihorts, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - A Parra Saldivar
- Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (UMCE), Santiago, Chile
| | - R J Paxton
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - T Pitts-Singer
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - K Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 4126 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - K Prendergast
- Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - M Quaranta
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - S F J Read
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - S Reinhardt
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - M Rojas-Oropeza
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - C Ruiz
- Departamento Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Sade
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 31905 Haifa, Israel
| | - C Sandberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Calluna AB, Husargatan 3, Malmö, 211 28, Sweden
| | - F Sgolastra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S F Shah
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M A Shebl
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - V Soon
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - D A Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Straka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Theodorou
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E Tobajas
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Animal Biology, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - J L Vaca-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas LABUN, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá,111321, Colombia
| | - A Vera
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (UMCE), Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Villagra
- Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (UMCE), Santiago, Chile
| | - M-K Williams
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - M Wolowski
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T J Wood
- Laboratory of Zoology, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Z Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Beijing Biodiversity Conservation Research Center/Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China
| | - N J Vereecken
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Barberis M, Calabrese D, Galloni M, Nepi M. Secondary Metabolites in Nectar-Mediated Plant-Pollinator Relationships. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12030550. [PMID: 36771634 PMCID: PMC9920422 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the complex chemistry of floral nectar and its ecological implications for plant-pollinator relationships has certainly increased. Nectar is no longer considered merely a reward for pollinators but rather a plant interface for complex interactions with insects and other organisms. A particular class of compounds, i.e., nectar secondary compounds (NSCs), has contributed to this new perspective, framing nectar in a more comprehensive ecological context. The aim of this review is to draft an overview of our current knowledge of NSCs, including emerging aspects such as non-protein amino acids and biogenic amines, whose presence in nectar was highlighted quite recently. After considering the implications of the different classes of NSCs in the pollination scenario, we discuss hypotheses regarding the evolution of such complex nectar profiles and provide cues for future research on plant-pollinator relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barberis
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Calabrese
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Galloni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Fisogni A, Bogo G, Massol F, Bortolotti L, Galloni M. Cuckoo male bumblebees perform slower and longer flower visits than free-living male and worker bumblebees. BELG J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.26496/bjz.2021.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cuckoo bumblebees are a monophyletic group within the genus Bombus and social parasites of free-living bumblebees, upon which they rely to rear their offspring. Cuckoo bumblebees lack the worker caste and visit flowers primarily for their own sustenance and do not collect pollen. Although different flower-visiting behaviours can be expected between cuckoo and free-living bumblebees due to different biological constraints, no study has yet quantified such differences. Here, we provide the first empirical evidence of different flower-visiting behaviours between cuckoo and free-living bumblebees. We recorded the flower-visiting behaviour of 350 individual bumblebees over two years in a wild population of the entomophilous plant Gentiana lutea, of which they are among the main pollinators. In cuckoo bumblebees (28.9% of the total), we only found males, while we found both workers and males in free-living bumblebees. Cuckoo bumblebees visited significantly more flowers for longer time periods than both free-living bumblebee workers and males within whorls, while differences at the whole-plant level were less marked. Free-living bumblebee males visited more flowers and performed slightly longer flower visits than workers. Behavioural differences between cuckoo male bumblebees and free-living bumblebee workers are likely related to different foraging needs, while differences between cuckoo and free-living bumblebee males may be caused by differences in colony development and a delayed mating period of free-living bumblebees. The longer visits made by cuckoo male bumblebees will likely negatively affect plant reproductive success through increased within-plant pollen flow.
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Flaminio S, Ranalli R, Zavatta L, Galloni M, Bortolotti L. Beewatching: A Project for Monitoring Bees through Photos. Insects 2021; 12:insects12090841. [PMID: 34564281 PMCID: PMC8467517 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bees play a key role in natural and agro-ecosystems and their diversity is worldwide threatened by anthropogenic causes. Despite this, there is little awareness of the existence of the numerous species of wild bees, and the common name "bee" is very often exclusively associated with Apis mellifera. Our aim was to create a citizen science project in Italy with the following objectives: (a) raising awareness of the importance and diversity of bees, (b) obtaining data on the biology, ecology and distribution of Italian species, and (c) launching the monitoring of alien bees. The first step of the project was to create a website platform with a section containing informative datasheets of the wild bee families and of the most common bee genera present in Italy, a form to send reports of observed bees and an interactive map with all citizen's reports. During the 2 years of the project 1086 reports were sent by 269 users, with 38 Apoidea genera reported on 190 plant genera; furthermore, 22 reports regarding the alien species Megachile sculpturalis arrived. The majority of bees (34 genera) were observed on spontaneous plants, including 115 genera native to Italy. Considering the increasing number of reports and data obtained in these first two years of the project, our objectives seem to be achieved. Future steps will be to outline the profile of beewatchers, to plan activities in a more targeted way, and also to start some sub-projects for conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Flaminio
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella n. 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.F.); (R.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rosa Ranalli
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella n. 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.F.); (R.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Laura Zavatta
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella n. 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.F.); (R.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Marta Galloni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Bortolotti
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella n. 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.F.); (R.R.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Bogo G, Fisogni A, Rabassa‐Juvanteny J, Bortolotti L, Nepi M, Guarnieri M, Conte L, Galloni M. Nectar chemistry is not only a plant's affair: floral visitors affect nectar sugar and amino acid composition. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gherardo Bogo
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización, INIBIOMA (Univ. Nacional del Comahue‐CONICET) San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina
| | - Alessandro Fisogni
- Dept of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Univ. of California, Riverside Riverside CA USA
- Dept of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | | | - Laura Bortolotti
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment Bologna Italy
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Dept of Life Sciences, Univ. of Siena Siena Italy
| | | | - Lucia Conte
- Dept of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Marta Galloni
- Dept of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Fišer Ž, Aronne G, Aavik T, Akin M, Alizoti P, Aravanopoulos F, Bacchetta G, Balant M, Ballian D, Barazani O, Bellia AF, Bernhardt N, Bou Dagher Kharrat M, Bugeja Douglas A, Burkart M, Ćalić D, Carapeto A, Carlsen T, Castro S, Colling G, Cursach J, Cvetanoska S, Cvetkoska C, Ćušterevska R, Daco L, Danova K, Dervishi A, Djukanović G, Dragićević S, Ensslin A, Evju M, Fenu G, Francisco A, Gallego PP, Galloni M, Ganea A, Gemeinholzer B, Glasnović P, Godefroid S, Goul Thomsen M, Halassy M, Helm A, Hyvärinen M, Joshi J, Kazić A, Kiehn M, Klisz M, Kool A, Koprowski M, Kövendi-Jakó A, Kříž K, Kropf M, Kull T, Lanfranco S, Lazarević P, Lazarević M, Lebel Vine M, Liepina L, Loureiro J, Lukminė D, Machon N, Meade C, Metzing D, Milanović Đ, Navarro L, Orlović S, Panis B, Pankova H, Parpan T, Pašek O, Peci D, Petanidou T, Plenk K, Puchałka R, Radosavljević I, Rankou H, Rašomavičius V, Romanciuc G, Ruotsalainen A, Šajna N, Salaj T, Sánchez-Romero C, Sarginci M, Schäfer D, Seberg O, Sharrock S, Šibík J, Šibíková M, Skarpaas O, Stanković Neđić M, Stojnic S, Surina B, Szitár K, Teofilovski A, Thoroddsen R, Tsvetkov I, Uogintas D, Van Meerbeek K, van Rooijen N, Vassiliou L, Verbylaitė R, Vergeer P, Vít P, Walczak M, Widmer A, Wiland-Szymańska J, Zdunić G, Zippel E. ConservePlants: An integrated approach to conservation of threatened plants for the 21st Century. RIO 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.7.e62810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though plants represent an essential part of our lives offering exploitational, supporting and cultural services, we know very little about the biology of the rarest and most threatened plant species, and even less about their conservation status. Rapid changes in the environment and climate, today more pronounced than ever, affect their fitness and distribution causing rapid species declines, sometimes even before they had been discovered. Despite the high goals set by conservationists to protect native plants from further degradation and extinction, the initiatives for the conservation of threatened species in Europe are scattered and have not yielded the desired results. The main aim of this Action is to improve plant conservation in Europe through the establishment of a network of scientists and other stakeholders who deal with different aspects of plant conservation, from plant taxonomy, ecology, conservation genetics, conservation physiology and reproductive biology to protected area's managers, not forgetting social scientists, who are crucial when dealing with the general public.
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Felicioli A, Sagona S, Galloni M, Bortolotti L, Bogo G, Guarnieri M, Nepi M. Effects of nonprotein amino acids on survival and locomotion of Osmia bicornis. Insect Mol Biol 2018; 27:556-563. [PMID: 29663605 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of two nectar nonprotein amino acids, β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), on Osmia bicornis survival and locomotion, two groups of caged bees were fed with sugar syrup enriched with β-alanine and GABA, respectively. A further control group was fed with sugar syrup. Five behavioural categories were chosen according to the principle of parsimony and intrinsic unitary consistency from start to end, and recorded by scan sampling: two states (remaining under paper or in tubes) and three events (walking on net, feeding from flower and flying). We also analysed the amino acid content of haemolymph sampled from an additional 45 bees fed the same diets (15 per diet type). Bees fed with β-alanine had a significantly shorter survival time than those fed with the control and GABA diets. The GABA diet induced higher levels of locomotion than β-alanine. The former nonprotein amino acid was only detected in the haemolymph of bees fed GABA. The results suggest that insects consuming nonprotein amino-acid-rich diets absorb and transfer these substances to the haemolymph and that nonprotein amino acids affect survival and locomotion. Ecological consequences are discussed in the framework of plant reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sagona
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Galloni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Bortolotti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Bologna, Italy
| | - G Bogo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Bologna, Italy
| | - M Guarnieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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9
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Abstract
The tissue reaction caused by a sintered tip electrode is compared with that of a platinum-iridium tip electrode in a work which employs implantation in sheep and follow-up of the implant for up to 90 days. Clinical tests and anatomo-pathological examination of the histological sections were performed. The results show a remarkably rapid fixation to the heart for the porous electrode with formation of limited inflammatory process, a thin fibrous capsule and modest alteration of the endocardial tissue. Conversely, the platinum-iridium electrode does not fix even in long periods and therefore continously rubs the endocardial surface. Chronic inflammation and formation of remarkably thick connective capsule results, under which the heart seems mode deeply altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Guarda
- Institute of General Pathology, Pathological Anatomy and Avian Pathology Turin University, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Galloni
- Institute of General Pathology, Pathological Anatomy and Avian Pathology Turin University, Turin, Italy
| | - F. Assone
- Sorin Biomedica S.p.A. 13040 Saluggia, Vercelli, Italy
| | - V. Pasteris
- Sorin Biomedica S.p.A. 13040 Saluggia, Vercelli, Italy
| | - M.P. Luboz
- Sorin Biomedica S.p.A. 13040 Saluggia, Vercelli, Italy
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Gatti
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, University of Modena
| | - M. Galloni
- Veterinary Morphophysiology Department, University of Torino
| | - E. Monari
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, University of Modena
| | - G. Noera
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, University of Modena
| | - E. Pasquino
- Sorin Biomedica, Cardiovascular Prostheses Division, Saluggia (VC) - Italy
| | - F. Vallana
- Sorin Biomedica, Cardiovascular Prostheses Division, Saluggia (VC) - Italy
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11
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Fisogni A, Rossi M, Sgolastra F, Bortolotti L, Bogo G, de Manincor N, Quaranta M, Galloni M. Seasonal and annual variations in the pollination efficiency of a pollinator community of Dictamnus albus L. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:445-454. [PMID: 26573095 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between insect and plant traits outlines the patterns of pollen transfer and the subsequent plant reproductive fitness. We studied the factors that affect the pollination efficiency of a pollinator community of Dictamnus albus L. by evaluating insect behaviour and morphological characteristics in relation to flowering phenology. In order to extrapolate the pollinator importance of single taxa and of the whole pollinator guild, we calculated an index distinguishing between potential (PPI) and realized (RPI) pollinator importance. Although the pollinator species spectrum appeared rather constant, we found high intra- and inter-annual variability of pollinator frequency and importance within the insect community. Flower visitation rate strictly depended on insect abundance and on the overlap between their flying period and flower blooming. All the pollinators visited flowers from the bottom to the top of the racemes, excluding intra-plant geitonogamous pollination, and most of them showed high pollen fidelity. Only medium large-sized bees could contact the upward bending stiles while feeding on nectar, highlighting a specialisation of the plant towards bigger pollinators. Moreover, we found evidence of functional specialisation, since all pollinators were restricted to a single taxonomic group (order: Hymenoptera; superfamily: Apoidea). Both the PPI and RPI indices indicate Habropoda tarsata as the most important pollinator of D. albus. Following hand cross-pollination experiments we revealed the presence of pollination limitation in 1 of the 3 years of field study. We discuss this result in relation to flowering abundance and to possible mismatches of phenological periods between plants and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fisogni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Rossi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - F Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Bortolotti
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Unità di Ricerca di Apicoltura e Bachicoltura (CRA-API), Bologna, Italy
| | - G Bogo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Unità di Ricerca di Apicoltura e Bachicoltura (CRA-API), Bologna, Italy
| | - N de Manincor
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Quaranta
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia (CRA-ABP), Florence, Italy
| | - M Galloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Fisogni A, Cristofolini G, Rossi M, Galloni M. Pollinator directionality as a response to nectar gradient: promoting outcrossing while avoiding geitonogamy. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2011; 13:848-856. [PMID: 21972840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants with multiple flowers could be prone to autonomous self-pollination and insect-mediated geitonogamy, but physiological and ecological features have evolved preventing costs related to autogamy. We studied the rare perennial herb Dictamnus albus as a model plant, with the aim of describing the plant-pollinator system from both plant and pollinator perspectives and analysing features that promote outcrossing in an entomophilous species. The breeding system and reproductive success of D. albus were investigated in experimental and natural conditions, showing that it is potentially self-compatible, but only intra-inflorescence insect-mediated selfing is possible. Nectar analysis showed gender-biased production towards the female phase, which follows the male phase, and during flowering, full blooming is found in flowers at the bottom of the raceme. Among a wide spectrum of insect visitors, three genera (Bombus, Apis, Megachile) were found to be principal pollinators. A study of insect behaviour showed a tendency towards bottom-to-top flights for the most important pollinators Bombus spp. and Apis mellifera: upward movements on the racemes could be explained by foraging behaviour, from more to less rewarding flowers. In accordance with the 'declining reward hypothesis', bumblebees and honeybees leave the plant when gain of reward is low, after which few flowers are visited, reducing the chance of self-pollen transfer among flowers. Intra-flower self-pollination is prevented in D. albus by protandry and herkogamy, while the nectar-induced sequential pattern of pollinator visits avoids geitonogamy and tends to maximise pollen export, promoting outcrossing. All these features for preventing selfing benefit plant fitness and population genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fisogni
- Dipartimento Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Prunotto M, Vignolini C, Lolli V, Black A, Gaggianesi S, Santarelli A, Galloni M. Short-, mid-, and long-term effects of a polymer-free tacrolimus-eluting stent in a porcine coronary model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 88:872-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Baig M, Larach J, Chang S, Long C, Weiss E, Nogueras J, Wexner S, Bouchoucha M, Devroede G, Dorval E, Faye A, Arhan P, Arsac M, Zbar A, Oyetunji R, Gill R, D’Annibale A, Morpurgo E, Fiscon V, Termini B, Serventi A, Sovernigo G, Orsini C, Fa-Si-Oen P, van de Gender P, Putter H, Ectors N, D’Hoore A, Topal B, Penninckx F, Marques C, Nahas S, Nahas C, Sobrado C, Habr-Gama A, Kiss D, Verdaasdonk E, Bueno de Mesquita J, Stassen L, Nano M, Prunotto M, Ferronato M, Solej M, Galloni M, Pigot F, Dao-Quang M, Castinel A, Juguet F, Bouchard D, Bockle J, Allaert F, de la Portilla F, Zbar A, Rada R, Vega J, Cisneros N, Maldonado V, Utrera A, Espinosa E, Trecca A, Gaj F, Di Lorenzo G, Ricciardi M, Silano M, Bella A, Sperone M, Vorobiev G, Tsarkov P, Sorokin E. Erratum. Tech Coloproctol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10151-006-0317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- L Di Stasio
- Dipartimento Scienze Zootecniche, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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16
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Andrieu E, Debussche M, Galloni M, Thompson JD. The interplay of pollination, costs of reproduction and plant size in maternal fertility limitation in perennial Paeonia officinalis. Oecologia 2007; 152:515-24. [PMID: 17277927 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although several factors can limit female fertility in perennial plants, rarely have they been jointly studied in a single species over several years. In this study we experimentally manipulate seed production and simultaneously analyse the potential contribution of pollen limitation, costs of reproduction and plant size to variation in seed output over a 3-year period in the perennial herb Paeonia officinalis, in southern France. Since this rare species is threatened by forest closure in many sites we also examine the causes of female fertility variation in relation to habitat closure (open habitat vs. woodland). P. officinalis has a partial self-incompatibility system and only very low ability for autonomous self pollination in the absence of pollinators. However, supplementary pollination of individual plants in three consecutive years did not significantly increase seed production above natural levels. Forest closure was associated with a decline in ovule and seed production, which again was not due to pollen limitation since supplementary pollination had no significant effect on seed set in the woodland habitat. Comparison of the maternal fertility of plants which were previously excluded from reproduction with those which were hand pollinated to maximise seed set in two previous years produced no evidence that seed production in year three is limited by costs associated with prior reproduction. Likewise, flowering probability was not related to prior seed production but was however positively related to plant size. The absence of any influence of pollen limitation or prior reproduction on seed production suggests that sub-maximal seed production in long-lived perennial herbs may be part of a size-dependent strategy that maximises life-time seed production and fitness without compromising survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Andrieu
- CNRS, UMR 5175-Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Two points are controversial in the anatomy of the mesorectum: (1) its origin; and (2) the existence of the lateral ligaments. We studied these structures in animals and in human fetuses. METHODS Dissections were performed on quadrupedal mammals (29 dogs and 32 pigs) and 28 primates (Macaca apes). Moreover, macroslices of Macaca ape and of 182 human fetuses were examined histologically. RESULTS In quadrupedal mammals, we found no traces of any adipose masses comparable to the human mesorectum nor were there ligaments of suspension. In the ape, the adipose tissue in the mesosigmoid forms an adipose cuff that completely surrounds the extraperitoneal rectum. Two dense connective bands were found between the lateral wall of the pelvis and the perirectal tissue. Both the mesorectum and the lateral ligaments were clearly identified in the sections of human fetus only at the end of the fifth month but not earlier. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our analysis of 3 animal species, we conclude that the mesorectum and lateral ligaments are absent in quadrupedal mammals but are present in primates. Therefore, we hypothesize that these structures appeared with the attainment of the upright position, even though other hypotheses are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nano
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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18
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Prunotto M, Isaia C, Gatti MA, Monari E, Pasquino E, Galloni M. Nitinol Carbofilm coated stents for peripheral applications: study in the porcine model. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005; 16:1231-8. [PMID: 16362226 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-4733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testing the safety and foreign body reaction (FBR) of a nitinol self-expandable carbon-coated stent system in the porcine animal model at different follow-up (FU) periods. METHODS Fifteen minipigs received 30 carbon-coated self-expandable nitinol stents in iliac arteries. Explants were carried out at 7 (3 animals), 30 (4 animals), 90 (4 animals) and 180 (4 animals) day FU, for evaluation of acute, sub-acute and chronic biological response to the implanted devices. Histological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to assess inflammatory reaction, endothelialization process, neointimal growth and cellular composition. RESULTS Thirty stents were successfully implanted. No mural thrombi were observed at gross examination or by angiography. Histologically no significant inflammatory reaction was detected: the stents appeared covered by a thin monolayer of endothelial cells even at 7 day FU. The neointima presented homogeneous growth and moderate thickness after 30, 90 and 180 days explants (0.38+/- 0.36 mm, 0.33+/- 0.30 mm, 0.27+/- 0.25 mm respectively). Internal and external elastic laminae were intact in 95% of stented arteries. Histological data validations of vessel endothelialization was obtained with SEM for the seven day follow-up group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed good remarkable technical performances, minimal FBR and biocompatibility comparable with other available pre-clinical experimentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prunotto
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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19
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Barges S, Mihaly J, Galloni M, Hagstrom K, Müller M, Shanower G, Schedl P, Gyurkovics H, Karch F. The Fab-8 boundary defines the distal limit of the bithorax complex iab-7 domain and insulates iab-7 from initiation elements and a PRE in the adjacent iab-8 domain. Development 2000; 127:779-90. [PMID: 10648236 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127.4.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila bithorax complex Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene specifies parasegmental identity at the posterior end of the fly. The specific pattern of Abd-B expression in each parasegment (PS) determines its identity and, in PS10-13, Abd-B expression is controlled by four parasegment-specific cis-regulatory domains, iab-5 to iab-8, respectively. In order to properly determine parasegmental identity, these four cis-regulatory domains must function autonomously during both the initiation and maintenance phases of BX-C regulation. The studies reported here demonstrate that the (centromere) distal end of iab-7 domain is delimited by the Fab-8 boundary. Initiators that specify PS12 identity are located on the proximal iab-7 side of Fab-8, while initiators that specify PS13 identity are located on the distal side of Fab-8, in iab-8. We use transgene assays to demonstrate that Fab-8 has enhancer blocking activity and that it can insulate reporter constructs from the regulatory action of the iab-7 and iab-8 initiators. We also show that the Fab-8 boundary defines the realm of action of a nearby iab-8 Polycomb Response Element, preventing this element from ectopically silencing the adjacent domain. Finally, we demonstrate that the insulating activity of the Fab-8 boundary in BX-C is absolutely essential for the proper specification of parasegmental identity by the iab-7 and iab-8 cis-regulatory domains. Fab-8 together with the previously identified Fab-7 boundary delimit the first genetically defined higher order domain in a multicellular eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barges
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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20
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Abstract
During animal development, growth of the various tissues and organs that make up the body must be coordinated. Despite recent progress in understanding growth control within the cell unit, the mechanisms that coordinate growth at the organismal level are still poorly understood. To study this problem, we performed a genetic screen for larval growth-defective mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. Characterization of these mutants revealed distinct types of larval growth defects. An allelic series for the translation initiation factor, Eif4A, showed different growth rates and suggests that Eif4A could be used as a dose-dependent growth regulator. Two mutants that fail to exit cellular quiescence at larval hatching (milou and eif4(1006)) have a DNA replication block that can be bypassed by overexpression of the E2F transcription factor. A mutation (bonsai) in a homolog of the prokaryotic ribosomal protein, RPS15, causes a growth defect that is non-cell-autonomous. Our results emphasize the importance of translational regulation for the exit from quiescence. They suggest that the level of protein synthesis required for cell cycle progression varies according to tissue type. The isolation of non-cell-autonomous larval growth-defective mutants suggests that specialized organs coordinate growth throughout the animal and provides new tools for studies of organismal growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galloni
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Basic Sciences, B2-152, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Caimmi PP, Di Summa M, Galloni M, Gastaldi L, Papillo B, Actis Dato GM, Agaccio G, Donegani E, Poletti G, Morea M. Twelve-year follow up with the Sorin Pericarbon bioprosthesis in the mitral position. J Heart Valve Dis 1998; 7:400-6. [PMID: 9697061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term follow up of the Pericarbon pericardial bioprosthesis implanted in the mitral position. METHODS Between January 1985 and January 1991, 78 patients (26 males, 52 females; mean age 56.9 +/- 7.8 years) underwent isolated mitral valve replacement with a Pericarbon valve. All bioprostheses were size 29 mm and implanted by the same surgeon. RESULTS Total follow up was 663.2 pt-years and it was 97% complete. Early mortality was 1.3% (1/78); two minor cerebral embolisms were observed as early complications. At 12 years the overall survival rate was 85.0 +/- and valve-related survival 93.1 +/- 3.0%; freedom from embolic events was 83.0 +/- 4.5% and from endocarditis 98.7 +/- 1.3%. Freedom from primary tissue failure was 56.8 +/- 6.6%; it was 86.3 +/- 7.5% in patients aged > 60 years and 36.8 +/- 8.2% in younger patients. There were 27 reoperations, 26 for primary tissue failure, one for endocarditis. Comparison between basal and follow up echocardiographic studies showed a significant stenotic deterioration of the bioprosthesis and a negligible incidence of regurgitation. Morphological findings of explanted bioprostheses were characterized by stenotic and diffuse microcalcification, but no tissue tear was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that the Pericarbon bioprosthesis is structurally safe and free from the fatigue problems which afflicted the first and second generation of pericardial valves. As with other tissue valves, the rate of calcification is age-dependent, suggesting preferential use of the Pericarbon prosthesis in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Caimmi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Turin, Italy
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22
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Mihaly J, Hogga I, Barges S, Galloni M, Mishra RK, Hagstrom K, Müller M, Schedl P, Sipos L, Gausz J, Gyurkovics H, Karch F. Chromatin domain boundaries in the Bithorax complex. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998; 54:60-70. [PMID: 9487387 DOI: 10.1007/s000180050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes are thought to be organized into a series of discrete higher-order chromatin domains. This organization is believed to be important not only in the compaction of the chromatin fibre, but also in the utilization of genetic information. Critical to this model are the domain boundaries that delimit and segregate the chromosomes into units of independent gene activity. In Drosophila, such domain boundaries have been identified through two different approaches. On the one hand, elements like scs/scs' and the reiterated binding site for the SU(HW) protein have been characterized through their activity of impeding enhancer-promoter interactions when intercalated between them. Their role of chromatin insulators can protect transgenes from genomic position effects, thereby establishing independent functional domains within the chromosome. On the other hand, domain boundaries of the Bithorax complex (BX-C) like Fab-7 and Mcp have been identified through mutational analysis. Mcp and Fab-7, however, may represent a specific class of boundary elements; instead of separating adjacent domains that contain separate structural genes. Mcp and Fab-7 delimit adjacent cis-regulatory domains, each of which interacts independently with their target promoters. In this article, we review the genetic and molecular characteristics of the domain boundaries of the BX-C. We describe how Fab-7 functions to confine activating as well as repressive signals to the flanking regulatory domains. Although the mechanisms by which Fab-7 works as a domain boundary remain an open issue, we provide preliminary evidence that Fab-7 is not a mere insulator like scs or the reiterated binding site for the SU(HW) protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mihaly
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Pansini S, Di Summa M, Galloni M, Gagliardotto P, Parisi F, Zattera G, Punta G, Girotto M, Cesarani F. Morphological comparison of mitral and aortic bioprostheses explanted from the same patient for primary tissue failure. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1996; 37:291-4. [PMID: 8698766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Host factors might influence the fate of tissue prostheses. We have analyzed the tissue failure phenomenon in mitral and aortic porcine bioprostheses explanted from the same patient so as to avoid the bias of host factors. The 50 bioprostheses of this study were explanted from 25 patients reoperated on because of malfunctioning due to primary tissue failure. Bioprostheses explanted were photographed, radiographed and observed in polarizing light. All lesions analyzed received a score on the basis of morphological criteria. No difference was observed in the occurrence of pannus, tears or cells infiltrates. Calcifications occurred more extensively in mitral position (p=0.0031). Creep of the stent was significantly greater in mitral position (p=0.0324). Since the model of our study removed other individual factors, we may conclude that there is evidence for an earlier and more extensive calcific degeneration in the mitral than in the aortic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pansini
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Turin, Italy
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24
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Gastaldi L, Caimmi P, Galloni M, Giglio Tos G, Coda L, Casalucci D, Donegani E, Agaccio G, Morea M. [Mitral valve bioprosthesis from bovine pericardium. Color Doppler echographic study and long-term follow up]. Cardiologia 1996; 41:361-367. [PMID: 8674105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pericardial heart valve bioprostheses have been utilized for 20 years. In spite of encouraging initial results, long-term follow-up showed a higher incidence of structural failures and primary tissue failures than porcine bioprostheses. Pericarbon represents the newest generation of bovine pericardial bioprostheses. Aim of this study is the long-term evaluation with echocardiographic and color Doppler technique of an innovative bioprostheses, in particular, its morfological and functional characteristics. From 1985 to 1989, 78 consecutive patients (21 males, 57 females, mean age 56.5 +/- 8.16 years) underwent mitral valve replacement with Pericarbon 29, by the same operator, who preserved the mitral posterior leaflet. One month after operation, 21 of these patients underwent echo-color Doppler evaluation, in normalized hemodynamic conditions (normality ranges). In 1995, at the end of the followup, 30 of the remaining 54 patients underwent new echo-color Doppler evaluation and these data were compared with normality ranges values. Leaflets' thickness increased from 0.98 +/- 0.09 to 2.87 +/- 0.73 mm (anterior leaflet; p < 0.0001) and from 1.02 +/- 0.08 to 2.71 +/- 0.45 mm (posterior leaflet; p < 0.0001) 43.3% of anterior leaflet and 53.3% of posterior leaflet showed fibrocalcic lesions. Mean transvalvular gradient increased from 3.4 +/- 0.2 to 6.6 +/- 3.4 mmHg (p < 0.0001); also functional area decreased (p < 0.0001). We have found no paraprosthetic regurgitation and a very low number of central prosthetic regurgitation. Left ventricular function, evaluated by ejection fraction and regional kinesis, remained substantially preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gastaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche ed Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi, Torino
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25
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Abstract
Little is known about the way higher-order chromatin structure influences gene expression and chromosome topology in general. Genetic analysis in Drosophila has led to the discovery of two classes of genes, the regulators of homeotic genes and the modifiers of position-effect variegation, which seem to be good candidates for encoding some of the factors regulating chromatin functions. The Trithorax-like gene we described here is required for the normal expression of the homeotic genes and is a modifier of position-effect variegation. We found that Trithorax-like encodes the GAGA factor which is involved in the formation of an accessible chromatin structure at promoter sequences. Our genetic analysis suggests that the chromatin modelling function of the GAGA factor is not restricted to promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Farkas
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Morea M, De Paulis R, Galloni M, Gastaldi L, di Summa M. Mitral valve replacement with the Biocor stentless mitral valve: early results. J Heart Valve Dis 1994; 3:476-82. [PMID: 8000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chordal preservation during mitral valve replacement is thought to greatly preserve left ventricular function. Recently a stentless mitral valve (Biocor) became available for clinical use. It is a porcine mitral valve with the entire chordal apparatus, the sewing ring being reinforced by a bovine pericardial ring and the chordae being sutured together onto two pericardial patches. During a six months period, seven patients undergoing mitral valve replacement for mitral insufficiency (four cases), mitral stenosis (two cases) or mixed lesions (one case) received a stentless mitral valve. Their mean age was 66.3 +/- 4.8. The valve was implanted by suturing the pericardial patches onto the papillary muscles and the sewing ring onto the mitral annulus. Echocardiography control immediately after surgery showed good valve function. Three valves failed after a period of seven days, seven and 12 months respectively. The valve lesions were similar and consistent with an excessive tension on the chordae and on the valvular tissue. There were tears along the posterior annulus and at the level of the commissures, often accompanied by chordal rupture. Histology and scanning electron microscopy showed good integration of the prosthesis with the patients own tissues. There were areas of overgrowing tissue without endothelial cells especially in the area of papillary muscle -pericardial patch interaction. The remaining four patients continue to do well after a mean follow up of two years. The apparent excessive tension on the valve tissues leading to the premature failure of the prosthesis could be due to the variability in the distance between mitral annulus and papillary muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morea
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Torino, Italy
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27
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Karch F, Galloni M, Sipos L, Gausz J, Gyurkovics H, Schedl P. Mcp and Fab-7: molecular analysis of putative boundaries of cis-regulatory domains in the bithorax complex of Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:3138-46. [PMID: 7915032 PMCID: PMC310287 DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.15.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A very large cis-regulatory region of approximately 300 kb is responsible for the complex patterns of expression of the three homeotic genes of the bithorax complex Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B. This region can be subdivided in nine parasegment-specific regulatory subunits. Recent genetic and molecular analysis has revealed the existence of two novel cis-regulatory elements Mcp and Fab-7. Mcp is located between iab-4 and iab-5, the parasegment-specific regulatory subunits which direct Abd-B in parasegments 9 and 10. Similarly, Fab-7 is located between iab-6 and iab-7, the parasegment 11 and 12-specific regulatory units. Mcp and Fab-7 appear to function as domain boundaries that separate adjacent cis-regulatory units. We report the analysis of two new Mcp mutant deletions (McpH27 and McpB116) that allow us to localize sequences essential for boundary function to a approximately 0.4 kb DNA segment. These essential sequences closely coincide to a approximately 0.3 kb nuclease hypersensitive region in chromatin. We also show that sequences contributing to the Fab-7 boundary appear to be spread over a larger stretch of DNA, but like Mcp have an unusual chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Karch
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Zussa C, Polesel E, Da Col U, Galloni M, Valfré C. Seven-year experience with chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in floppy mitral valve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 108:37-41. [PMID: 8028377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among 106 patients operated on for implantation of artificial mitral chordae (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene), usually associated with other traditional procedures, 82 had degenerative valve disease. Two of them had the valve replaced during the same operation because of residual regurgitation, and one patient died (1.3%) of respiratory insufficiency. Seventy-nine patients left the hospital and were followed up to 84 months. No late deaths and only one valve-related complication were reported. This occurred in a patient who required reoperation after 18 months for sudden recurrence of mitral regurgitation caused by the rupture of natural chordae, which had been shortened during the first procedure, whereas the artificial chordae had retained their function. The clinical experience confirms positive experimental data, because this technique was reliable with lasting results. Application of artificial chordae, associated with other traditional techniques, is useful to improve the results and to extend the indications for mitral valve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zussa
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Treviso Regional Hospital, Italy
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29
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Galloni M. [Carlo Giacomini and brain histology]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1994; 70:15-24. [PMID: 7803029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Galloni
- Dipartimento di Morfofisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Torino
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30
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Galloni M, Gyurkovics H, Schedl P, Karch F. The bluetail transposon: evidence for independent cis-regulatory domains and domain boundaries in the bithorax complex. EMBO J 1993; 12:1087-97. [PMID: 8384551 PMCID: PMC413310 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An extremely large cis-regulatory region generates the parasegment-specific expression patterns of the homeotic genes in the bithorax complex. We present evidence supporting the idea that this cis-regulatory region is subdivided into independent cis-regulatory domains. We describe a Ubx-lacZ transposon which is inserted into one of these domains, iab-7. The PS12-specific pattern of LacZ expression from this reporter indicates that it is subject to the control of the iab-7 cis-regulatory domain, but is protected from the effects of adjacent regulatory domains. Protection on the proximal side appears to be provided by the Fab-7 boundary element. Deletion of this boundary results in the ectopic activation of iab-7 in PS11 (where the iab-6 cis-regulatory domain normally functions). We show that the Fab-7 boundary, like other boundaries, has an unusual chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galloni
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Vazquez J, Farkas G, Gaszner M, Udvardy A, Muller M, Hagstrom K, Gyurkovics H, Sipos L, Gausz J, Galloni M. Genetic and molecular analysis of chromatin domains. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1993; 58:45-54. [PMID: 7956059 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1993.058.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Vazquez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
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32
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Abstract
Failure of reconstructive procedures of the mitral valve is often ascribed to diffuse alteration of the subvalvular apparatus, which prevents the utilization of well-established techniques such as chordal transposition or shortening. For this reason, in 1986 after 2 years of animal experiments, we started the clinical use of expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene mitral chordae. Details of the surgical procedure are presented. Our experience is based on 51 patients with a mean follow-up of about 20 months (range 3-57). Four patients had the valve replaced during the same operation: one patient died later of cardiac failure and two underwent reoperation, 8 and 18 months after operation. Forty-one patients are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I and three in Class II. We suggest this technique in association with other traditional procedures to increase the number of mitral valves repaired, mostly because of degenerative etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zussa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Treviso Regional Hospital, Italy
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33
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Gatti AM, Galloni M, Monari E, Noera G, Pasquino E, Vallana F. Calcification of chemically treated bovine pericardium. Int J Artif Organs 1991; 14:647-54. [PMID: 1748533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important problems arising in cardiac bioprostheses made with bovine pericardium and, more generally, with biologically-derived tissues is tissue calcification. The present study assessed four chemical treatments on patches of bovine pericardium, intended to avoid or minimize calcification. Pericardium specimens were treated with: A) 0.5% glutaraldehyde; B) 0.5% glutaraldehyde + 4% formaldehyde; C) same as A, but with a further neutralization treatment; D) acylation of fresh bovine pericardium. Circular samples of 1 cm diameter were subcutaneously implanted in the abdominal region of three groups of six rats. The explants were retrieved after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The calcium content and the histological results showed better behaviour for C and D samples than with the commonly used fixation methods (A and B). The lowest calcification was observed with treatment D, even though its morphological structures were somewhat modified with homogenation of collagen bundles. Among the glutaraldehyde-based treatments, treatment C appears to be the most promising because the pericardium shows slower calcium accumulation with a diffusive pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gatti
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, University of Modena, Italy
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34
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Abstract
Failure of mitral valve reconstructive procedures often may be ascribed to severe or progressive alterations of subvalvar apparatus. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures were used to replace anterior leaflet mitral valve chordae in 8 animals (hypertensive dogs and growing sheep). After the positive results obtained during a 13-month follow-up, 5-0 sutures of the same material were introduced in clinical practice to replace mitral valve chordae. Twelve patients had two to six anterior leaflet chordae replaced for degenerative or rheumatic disease. In 3 patients, the intraoperative result was not acceptable and a prosthetic valve was inserted during the same operation. One case of late failure has been recorded so far (18 months after the procedure), owing to rupture of a natural chorda shortened at operation. Since that event, we have implanted supportive artificial chordae in case of diffuse alteration of natural chordae. The remaining patients show satisfactory hemodynamic results, and no valve-related events have been recognized up to 30 months after operation. We suggest use of 5-0 polytetrafluoroethylene sutures in replacing anterior leaflet chordae in degenerative, rheumatic, and congenital mitral valve diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zussa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
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35
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Bollo E, Biolatti B, Pau S, Galloni M. Scanning electron microscopy of pathologic changes in the epithelial surfaces of the uterus and uterine tubes of cows. Am J Vet Res 1990; 51:137-42. [PMID: 2301814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genital tracts from 15 cows with catarrhal and purulent inflammation of the uterus and uterine tubes, cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, or hydrosalpinx were evaluated by the use of scanning electron microscopy to determine epithelial changes associated with these conditions. Uterine epithelium was revealed to be easily damaged, even in the course of mild inflammation, whereas epithelium of the uterine tube was more resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bollo
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Torino, Italia
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36
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Pansini S, Ottino GM, Galloni M, Forsennati PG, Serpieri G, Morea M. Morphological comparison of primary tissue failure (PTF) in porcine mitral and aortic bioprostheses in the same patient. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1990; 4:431-3; discussion 434. [PMID: 2223119 DOI: 10.1016/1010-7940(90)90073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and pathological studies have not clearly demonstrated whether primary tissue failure (PTF) in porcine bioprostheses occurs more often in the mitral than in the aortic position. We have studied morphological alterations in both positions in the same individual in 15 patients (14 mitroaortic and 1 mitroaortotricuspid) reoperated upon for PTF. Bioprostheses explanted were photographed, radiographed and observed in transmitted polarizing light. All lesions received a score on the basis of morphological criteria. The creep of the stent was measured. Calcification was slightly heavier and the degree of creep was significantly greater in the mitral position. Tears, infiltration and pannus growth did not differ between the two positions. According to our study, there is no conclusive demonstration that bioprostheses degenerate earlier and more extensively in the mitral than in the aortic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pansini
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Turin, Italy
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37
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Abstract
The histopathology of the uterine and salpingeal epithelium of five cows affected with genital tuberculosis was studied. Both optical and scanning electron microscopy were used and the results were compared. Various forms and degrees of cellular lesions are described, including hypertrophy, flattening, detachment, nuclear protrusions and alterations of the cilia. In the different sites considered (uterus: intercaruncular and caruncular areas; salpinges: isthmus and ampulla) various characteristic lesions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Biolatti
- Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Italy
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38
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Zussa C, Zattera G, Galloni M, Pansini S, del Ponte S, Ottino GM, Morea M. Postoperative histological diagnosis in two cases of unsuspected bioprosthetic endocarditis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985; 33:324-5. [PMID: 2416093 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1014153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of preoperatively unsuspected porcine bioprosthetic endocarditis are presented. Both cases, thought to be a sterile thrombosis and a primary tissue failure respectively, were correctly diagnosed only with histological examination. Cultures and histological examination of the explanted tissue are necessary for a definite diagnosis in every case of prosthetic malfunction.
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39
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Zussa C, di Summa M, Poletti GA, Galloni M, Tesselli L, Morea M. [Surgical treatment of endocarditis on a valve prosthesis]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1983; 31:33-8. [PMID: 6843827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Guarda F, Galloni M, Assone F, Pasteris V, Luboz MP. Histological reactions of porous tip endocardial electrodes implanted in sheep. Int J Artif Organs 1982; 5:267-73. [PMID: 7118289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The tissue reaction caused by a sintered tip electrode is compared with that of a platinum-iridium tip electrode in a work which employs implantation in sheep and follow-up of the implant for up to 90 days. Clinical tests and anatomo-pathological examination of the histological sections were performed. The results show a remarkably rapid fixation to the heart for the porous electrode with formation of limited inflammatory process, a thin fibrous capsule and modest alteration of the endocardial tissue. Conversely, the platinum-iridium electrode does not fix even in long periods and therefore continuously rubs the endocardial surface. Chronic inflammation and formation of remarkably thick connective capsule results, under which the heart seems mode deeply altered.
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41
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Guarda F, Morea M, Tavormina V, Galloni M, Gobetto A, Benvenuti C, Ceccarelli V, Di Summa M, Casaccia M. [Porcine aortic valves as bioprostheses in man. Morphological changes of prostheses after implantation for various periods]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1980; 122:217-26. [PMID: 7403832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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42
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Galloni M, Ceccarelli V. [Light and scanning electron microscopic studies of porcine semilunar aortic valves]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1979; 121:485-91. [PMID: 542841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Galloni M, Guarda F. [Uric acid pericarditis in chickens seen by scanning electron microscopy. The author's own observation]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1979; 121:263-8. [PMID: 451520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Lotti B, Galloni M, Vezzosi O. [Determination of 1-(2-beta-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-phenyl pyrrole chlorhydrate]. Boll Chim Farm 1974; 113:321-3. [PMID: 4420263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Lotti B, Galloni M. [Study of ascorbates of organic bases of pharmaceutical interest: pharmacology and stability]. Farmaco Prat 1972; 27:275-9. [PMID: 5025711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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L'Eltore G, Galloni M, Gueli I, Mazzola S. [Statistical methodology in epidemiological reporting]. Lotta Tuberc 1965; 35:1065-205. [PMID: 5223683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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