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Shailes H, Tse WY, Freitas MO, Silver A, Martin SA. Statin Treatment as a Targeted Therapy for APC-Mutated Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880552. [PMID: 35712511 PMCID: PMC9197185 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) are found in 80% of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors and are also responsible for the inherited form of CRC, Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Methods To identify novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of APC mutated CRC, we generated a drug screening platform that incorporates a human cellular model of APC mutant CRC using CRISPR-cas9 gene editing and performed an FDA-approved drug screen targeting over 1000 compounds. Results We have identified the group of HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors known as statins, which cause a significantly greater loss in cell viability in the APC mutated cell lines and in in vivo APC mutated patient derived xenograft (PDX) models, compared to wild-type APC cells. Mechanistically, our data reveals this new synthetic lethal relationship is a consequence of decreased Wnt signalling and, ultimately, a reduction in the level of expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin, upon statin treatment in the APC-mutant cells only. This mechanism acts via a Rac1 mediated control of beta-catenin. Conclusion Significantly, we have identified a novel synthetic lethal dependence between APC mutations and statin treatment, which could potentially be exploited for the treatment of APC mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Shailes
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wai Yiu Tse
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta O. Freitas
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Martin
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sarah A. Martin,
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Rashid S, Freitas MO, Cucchi D, Bridge G, Yao Z, Gay L, Williams M, Wang J, Suraweera N, Silver A, McDonald SAC, Chelala C, Szabadkai G, Martin SA. MLH1 deficiency leads to deregulated mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:795. [PMID: 31641109 PMCID: PMC6805956 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is responsible for the repair of base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops that arise during DNA replication. MMR deficiency is currently estimated to be present in 15-17% of colorectal cancer cases and 30% of endometrial cancers. MLH1 is one of the key proteins involved in the MMR pathway. Inhibition of a number of mitochondrial genes, including POLG and PINK1 can induce synthetic lethality in MLH1-deficient cells. Here we demonstrate for the first time that loss of MLH1 is associated with a deregulated mitochondrial metabolism, with reduced basal oxygen consumption rate and reduced spare respiratory capacity. Furthermore, MLH1-deficient cells display a significant reduction in activity of the respiratory chain Complex I. As a functional consequence of this perturbed mitochondrial metabolism, MLH1-deficient cells have a reduced anti-oxidant response and show increased sensitivity to reactive oxidative species (ROS)-inducing drugs. Taken together, our results provide evidence for an intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction in MLH1-deficient cells and a requirement for MLH1 in the regulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukaina Rashid
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marta O Freitas
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Danilo Cucchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gemma Bridge
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura Gay
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marc Williams
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nirosha Suraweera
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stuart A C McDonald
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Fernandes TM, Lopes FC, Santana GCOM, Oliveira MKS, Freitas MO, Freitas CIA. Identification and mapping of real acupoints in the anatomical topography of Boa constrictor. BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:243-247. [PMID: 29995135 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.179631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a therapy of the traditional Chinese medicine technique, which over the years has been widespread in the West. Defined as a needle-point treatment technique (acupoints), exactly preconfigured in the body to produce a specific physiological reaction to restore the balance between the function of conflicting states and homeostasis, alternating states of energy and thus maintain the ideal organ and body organization. Thus, the objective of this study was to map and describe the main points of acupuncture in the species Boa constrictor , and their indications to promote the balance of this species. The unprecedented result of the mapping was the discovery of specific acupoints with individual location indications without distribution in specific meridians and dispersedly distributed in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Fernandes
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia e Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - F C Lopes
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia e Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - G C O M Santana
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia e Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - M K S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia e Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - M O Freitas
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia e Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - C I A Freitas
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia e Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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South K, Freitas MO, Lane DA. A model for the conformational activation of the structurally quiescent metalloprotease ADAMTS13 by von Willebrand factor. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:1149-1150. [PMID: 29374083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac117.001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Freitas MO, Abilhoa V. Reproductive biology of the tarpon snook Centropomus pectinatus (Perciformes, Centropomidae) in estuarine waters in the south-western Atlantic. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:686-694. [PMID: 28776707 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive biology of Centropomus pectinatus is described from an artisanal fish landings collaborative monitoring programme between May 2012 and April 2013 in estuarine waters in north-eastern Brazil. The total length (LT ) at which 50% are mature was 24 cm, corresponding to 37·7% of the maximum recorded LT . Gonado-somatic indices were variable, but highest values were in June and August 2012. Length-frequency distributions showed male dominance in smaller length classes (15-30 cm) and females in larger length classes (>30 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Freitas
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Instituto Meros do Brasil, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - V Abilhoa
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Hoffmann GCS, Freitas MO, Moura RL, Previero M, Abilhoa V. Reproductive biology of Haemulon plumierii in the south-western Atlantic Ocean's most extensive reefs: implications for fisheries management. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:2111-2124. [PMID: 28321878 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive biology of the white grunt Haemulon plumierii was studied from 360 individuals obtained from artisanal fisheries landings in the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, between August 2010 and March 2012. The overall sex-ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1, although males predominated in larger size classes. β-Binomial modelling of historical sex-ratio data indicated that the catch rate of females has increased in recent years. Females reached maturity at a smaller total length (LT ; 214 mm) than males (235 mm LT ) and the LT at which 50% of all individuals are mature (L50 ) was 220 mm, corresponding to 41·5% of the maximum recorded LT . Variation in the gonado-somatic index and in the relative frequency of reproductive stages indicates that reproduction occurs year round, with increased activity during the austral spring and summer. Fecundity was not size dependent. The reproductive parameters provided here can support management measures focussed on seasonal closures during spawning peaks (September to November and February to March) and minimum sizes (>L50 ) for the capture of this important artisanal fisheries resource in Abrolhos, the region with the largest and most biodiverse coralline reefs in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C S Hoffmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M O Freitas
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, 22.460-000, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Prefeitura de Curitiba, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - R L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21.941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Previero
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V Abilhoa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Prefeitura de Curitiba, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- K South
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M O Freitas
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D A Lane
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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South K, Freitas MO, Lane DA. A model for the conformational activation of the structurally quiescent metalloprotease ADAMTS13 by von Willebrand factor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5760-5769. [PMID: 28209710 PMCID: PMC5392571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood loss is prevented by the multidomain glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF), which binds exposed collagen at damaged vessels and captures platelets. VWF is regulated by the metalloprotease ADAMTS13, which in turn is conformationally activated by VWF. To delineate the structural requirements for VWF-mediated conformational activation of ADAMTS13, we performed binding and functional studies with a panel of truncated ADAMTS13 variants. We demonstrate that both the isolated CUB1 and CUB2 domains in ADAMTS13 bind to the spacer domain exosite of a truncated ADAMTS13 variant, MDTCS (KD of 135 ± 1 0.1 nm and 86.9 ± 9.0 nm, respectively). However, only the CUB1 domain inhibited proteolytic activity of MDTCS. Moreover, ADAMTS13ΔCUB2, unlike ADAMTS13ΔCUB1-2, exhibited activity similar to wild-type ADAMTS13 and could be activated by VWF D4-CK. The CUB2 domain is, therefore, not essential for maintaining the inactive conformation of ADAMTS13. Both CUB domains could bind to the VWF D4-CK domain fragment (KD of 53.7 ± 2.1 nm and 84.3 ± 2.0 nm, respectively). However, deletion of both CUB domains did not prevent VWF D4-CK binding, suggesting that competition for CUB-domain binding to the spacer domain is not the dominant mechanism behind the conformational activation. ADAMTS13ΔTSP8-CUB2 could no longer bind to VWF D4-CK, and deletion of TSP8 abrogated ADAMTS13 conformational activation. These findings support an ADAMTS13 activation model in which VWF D4-CK engages the TSP8-CUB2 domains, inducing the conformational change that disrupts the CUB1-spacer domain interaction and thereby activates ADAMTS13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieron South
- From the Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
| | - Marta O Freitas
- From the Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
| | - David A Lane
- From the Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
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Guillotin D, Austin P, Begum R, Freitas MO, Merve A, Brend T, Short S, Marino S, Martin SA. Drug-Repositioning Screens Identify Triamterene as a Selective Drug for the Treatment of DNA Mismatch Repair Deficient Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2880-2890. [PMID: 27913567 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is required for the maintenance of genome stability. Unsurprisingly, mutations in MMR genes occur in a wide range of different cancers. Studies thus far have largely focused on specific tumor types or MMR mutations; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that a therapy targeting MMR deficiency in general would be clinically very beneficial.Experimental Design: Based on a drug-repositioning approach, we screened a large panel of cell lines with various MMR deficiencies from a range of different tumor types with a compound drug library of previously approved drugs. We have identified the potassium-sparing diuretic drug triamterene, as a novel sensitizing agent in MMR-deficient tumor cells, in vitro and in vivoResults: The selective tumor cell cytotoxicity of triamterene occurs through its antifolate activity and depends on the activity of the folate synthesis enzyme thymidylate synthase. Triamterene leads to a thymidylate synthase-dependent differential increase in reactive oxygen species in MMR-deficient cells, ultimately resulting in an increase in DNA double-strand breaks.Conclusions: Conclusively, our data reveal a new drug repurposing and novel therapeutic strategy that has potential for the treatment of MMR deficiency in a range of different tumor types and could significantly improve patient survival. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2880-90. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Guillotin
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Philip Austin
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rumena Begum
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marta O Freitas
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ashirwad Merve
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Tim Brend
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building St James's University Hospital, Beckett St, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Susan Short
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building St James's University Hospital, Beckett St, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Abstract
Essentials Recently, ADAMTS-13 has been shown to undergo substrate induced conformation activation. Conformational quiescence of ADAMTS-13 may serve to prevent off-target proteolysis in plasma. Conformationally active ADAMTS-13 variants are capable of proteolysing the Aα chain of fibrinogen. This should be considered as ADAMTS-13 variants are developed as potential therapeutic agents. Click to hear Dr Zheng's presentation on structure function and cofactor-dependent regulation of ADAMTS-13 SUMMARY: Background Recent work has revealed that ADAMTS-13 circulates in a 'closed' conformation, only fully interacting with von Willebrand factor (VWF) following a conformational change. We hypothesized that this conformational quiescence also maintains the substrate specificity of ADAMTS-13 and that the 'open' conformation of the protease might facilitate proteolytic promiscuity. Objectives To identify a novel substrate for a constitutively active gain of function (GoF) ADAMTS-13 variant (R568K/F592Y/R660K/Y661F/Y665F). Methods Fibrinogen proteolysis was characterized using SDS PAGE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fibrin formation was monitored by turbidity measurements and fibrin structure visualized by confocal microscopy. Results ADAMTS-13 exhibits proteolytic activity against the Aα chain of human fibrinogen, but this is only manifest on its conformational activation. Accordingly, the GoF ADAMTS-13 variant and truncated variants such as MDTCS exhibit this activity. The cleavage site has been determined by LC-MS/MS to be Aα chain Lys225-Met226. Proteolysis of fibrinogen by GoF ADAMTS-13 impairs fibrin formation in plasma-based assays, alters clot structure and increases clot permeability. Although GoF ADAMTS-13 does not appear to proteolyse preformed cross-linked fibrin, its proteolytic activity against fibrinogen increases the susceptibility of fibrin to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-induced lysis by plasmin and increases the fibrin clearance rate more than 8-fold compared with wild-type (WT) ADAMTS-13 (EC50 values of 3.0 ± 1.7 nm and 25.2 ± 9.7 nm, respectively) in in vitro thrombosis models. Conclusion The 'closed' conformation of ADAMTS-13 restricts its specificity and protects against fibrinogenolysis. Induced substrate promiscuity will be important as ADAMTS-13 variants are developed as potential therapeutic agents against thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K South
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - M O Freitas
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D A Lane
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Locke M, Ghazaly E, Freitas MO, Mitsinga M, Lattanzio L, Lo Nigro C, Nagano A, Wang J, Chelala C, Szlosarek P, Martin SA. Inhibition of the Polyamine Synthesis Pathway Is Synthetically Lethal with Loss of Argininosuccinate Synthase 1. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1604-1613. [PMID: 27452468 PMCID: PMC4978703 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for arginine biosynthesis. ASS1 expression is lost in a range of tumor types, including 50% of malignant pleural mesotheliomas. Starving ASS1-deficient cells of arginine with arginine blockers such as ADI-PEG20 can induce selective lethality and has shown great promise in the clinical setting. We have generated a model of ADI-PEG20 resistance in mesothelioma cells. This resistance is mediated through re-expression of ASS1 via demethylation of the ASS1 promoter. Through coordinated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, we have shown that ASS1-deficient cells have decreased levels of acetylated polyamine metabolites, together with a compensatory increase in the expression of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes. Upon arginine deprivation, polyamine metabolites are decreased in the ASS1-deficient cells and in plasma isolated from ASS1-deficient mesothelioma patients. We identify a synthetic lethal dependence between ASS1 deficiency and polyamine metabolism, which could potentially be exploited for the treatment of ASS1-negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Locke
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Essam Ghazaly
- Centre for Haemato-oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marta O Freitas
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mikaella Mitsinga
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Laura Lattanzio
- Laboratorio di Genetica Oncologica ed Oncologia Translazionale and Dipartimento di Oncologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lo Nigro
- Laboratorio di Genetica Oncologica ed Oncologia Translazionale and Dipartimento di Oncologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Peter Szlosarek
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Bueno LS, Bertoncini AA, Koenig CC, Coleman FC, Freitas MO, Leite JR, De Souza TF, Hostim-Silva M. Evidence for spawning aggregations of the endangered Atlantic goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara in southern Brazil. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:876-889. [PMID: 27264779 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, seasonal numerical abundance of the critically endangered Atlantic goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara was estimated by conducting scuba dive surveys and calculating sightings-per-unit-effort (SPUE) at three sites in southern Brazil. Seasonal differences in size and reproductive condition of captured or confiscated specimens were compared. The SPUE differed significantly with season, increasing in late spring and peaking during the austral summer months. A significant effect was observed in the number of fish relative to the lunar cycle. All females sampled during the summer were spawning capable, while all those sampled during other seasons were either regressing or regenerating. What these data strongly infer is that the E. itajara spawning aggregation sites have been located in the southern state of Paraná and the northern state of Santa Catarina and summer is the most likely spawning season. Size frequency distributions, abundance and reproductive state were estimated and correlated with environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Bueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito, Santo - Base Oceanográfica - UFES, 565 Rodovia ES 010, km 16, Aracruz, ES, 29199-970, Brazil
- Instituto COMAR - Conservação Marinha do Brasil, 104 Helena Degelmann St, Joinville, SC, 89218-580, Brazil
- Instituto Meros do Brasil, 67 Benjamin Constant St, Curitiba, PR, 80060-020, Brazil
| | - A A Bertoncini
- Instituto Meros do Brasil, 67 Benjamin Constant St, Curitiba, PR, 80060-020, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Teórica e Aplicada (LICTA), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, 296 Pasteur Av., Urca, RJ, 22290-240, Brazil
| | - C C Koenig
- The Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway, St Teresa, FL, 32358, U.S.A
| | - F C Coleman
- The Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway, St Teresa, FL, 32358, U.S.A
| | - M O Freitas
- Instituto Meros do Brasil, 67 Benjamin Constant St, Curitiba, PR, 80060-020, Brazil
- Rede Abrolhos, Jardim Botânico St, 920, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22.460-000, Brazil
| | - J R Leite
- Instituto Meros do Brasil, 67 Benjamin Constant St, Curitiba, PR, 80060-020, Brazil
- Rede Abrolhos, Jardim Botânico St, 920, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22.460-000, Brazil
| | - T F De Souza
- Instituto COMAR - Conservação Marinha do Brasil, 104 Helena Degelmann St, Joinville, SC, 89218-580, Brazil
| | - M Hostim-Silva
- Instituto Meros do Brasil, 67 Benjamin Constant St, Curitiba, PR, 80060-020, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito, Santo/Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km. 60, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brazil
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Leite JR, Freitas MO, Sanches EG, Gomes MLM, Hostim-Silva M, Cole KS. Rediscovering hermaphroditism in Grammatidae with the description of the testicular gland in Brazilian Basslet Gramma brasiliensis. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:743-9. [PMID: 27097082 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of sex change in reef fishes have been studied, including behavior and social organization. However, gonad histology remains the most robust way to identify sexual patterns in fishes. Some uncommon tissues remain poorly described, such as the accessory gonadal structures found in species from the Gobiidae family, which are rare in other bony fishes. This is the first report of the testicular gland in Gramma brasiliensis and for the Grammatidae family. Between April 2011 and February 2012 eighty specimens were collected during four dive campaigns on the Taipus de Fora reef (13°56'20"S 38°55'32"W), Bahia, Northeast Brazil, and their sex was determined. Thirteen per cent of the active-females and 90% of the active-males had testicular gland tissue in their ovotestis. This discovery led to additional research into the characteristics of the gland tissue and its relationship with gonadal maturation. Three patterns of testicular gland development were found in Brazilian basslet ovotestis. Both ova and sperm-producing gonad contained testicular gland tissue, and the appearance of this tissue seems to be the first modification of ovotestis tissue marking the beginning of the protogynous sex-change process in G. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Leite
- Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus ES , Brazil, Laboratório de Vertebrados Aquáticos, Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas - DCAB, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo - CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km 60, Litorâneo, s/n, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - M O Freitas
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Curitiba PR , Brazil, Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Rua Prof. Benedito Conceição, 407, Capão da Imbuia, CEP 82810-080, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - E G Sanches
- Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Pescado Marinho, Instituto de Pesca de São Paulo, Ubatuba SP , Brazil, Núcleo de Pesquisa do Litoral Norte, Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Pescado Marinho, Instituto de Pesca de São Paulo - IPSP, Avenida Cais do Porto, 2275, Itaguá, CEP 11680-000, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M L M Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG , Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Reprodução - LABER, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, bloco O3, sala 165, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M Hostim-Silva
- Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus ES , Brazil, Laboratório de Vertebrados Aquáticos, Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas - DCAB, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo - CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km 60, Litorâneo, s/n, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - K S Cole
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu HI , USA, Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Room EDM 416, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson Hall 216, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Freitas MO, Francisco T, Rodrigues TA, Lismont C, Domingues P, Pinto MP, Grou CP, Fransen M, Azevedo JE. The peroxisomal protein import machinery displays a preference for monomeric substrates. Open Biol 2016; 5:140236. [PMID: 25854684 PMCID: PMC4422123 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal matrix proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and transported by the shuttling receptor PEX5 to the peroxisomal membrane docking/translocation machinery, where they are translocated into the organelle matrix. Under certain experimental conditions this protein import machinery has the remarkable capacity to accept already oligomerized proteins, a property that has heavily influenced current models on the mechanism of peroxisomal protein import. However, whether or not oligomeric proteins are really the best and most frequent clients of this machinery remain unclear. In this work, we present three lines of evidence suggesting that the peroxisomal import machinery displays a preference for monomeric proteins. First, in agreement with previous findings on catalase, we show that PEX5 binds newly synthesized (monomeric) acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and urate oxidase (UOX), potently inhibiting their oligomerization. Second, in vitro import experiments suggest that monomeric ACOX1 and UOX are better peroxisomal import substrates than the corresponding oligomeric forms. Finally, we provide data strongly suggesting that although ACOX1 lacking a peroxisomal targeting signal can be imported into peroxisomes when co-expressed with ACOX1 containing its targeting signal, this import pathway is inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta O Freitas
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function Group, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Francisco
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function Group, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tony A Rodrigues
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function Group, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celien Lismont
- Departement Cellulaire en Moleculaire Geneeskunde, KU Leuven-Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel P Pinto
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function Group, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia P Grou
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function Group, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc Fransen
- Departement Cellulaire en Moleculaire Geneeskunde, KU Leuven-Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorge E Azevedo
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function Group, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Francisco T, Rodrigues TA, Freitas MO, Grou CP, Carvalho AF, Sá-Miranda C, Pinto MP, Azevedo JE. A cargo-centered perspective on the PEX5 receptor-mediated peroxisomal protein import pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29151-9. [PMID: 23963456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.487140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal matrix proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and post-translationally targeted to the organelle by PEX5, the peroxisomal shuttling receptor. The pathway followed by PEX5 during this process is known with reasonable detail. After recognizing cargo proteins in the cytosol, the receptor interacts with the peroxisomal docking/translocation machinery, where it gets inserted; PEX5 is then monoubiquitinated, extracted back to the cytosol and, finally, deubiquitinated. However, despite this information, the exact step of this pathway where cargo proteins are translocated across the organelle membrane is still ill-defined. In this work, we used an in vitro import system to characterize the translocation mechanism of a matrix protein possessing a type 1 targeting signal. Our results suggest that translocation of proteins across the organelle membrane occurs downstream of a reversible docking step and upstream of the first cytosolic ATP-dependent step (i.e. before ubiquitination of PEX5), concomitantly with the insertion of the receptor into the docking/translocation machinery.
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Grou CP, Francisco T, Rodrigues TA, Freitas MO, Pinto MP, Carvalho AF, Domingues P, Wood SA, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Sá-Miranda C, Fransen M, Azevedo JE. Identification of ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) as a deubiquitinase acting on ubiquitin-peroxin 5 (PEX5) thioester conjugate. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12815-27. [PMID: 22371489 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.340158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxin 5 (PEX5), the peroxisomal protein shuttling receptor, binds newly synthesized peroxisomal matrix proteins in the cytosol and promotes their translocation across the organelle membrane. During the translocation step, PEX5 itself becomes inserted into the peroxisomal docking/translocation machinery. PEX5 is then monoubiquitinated at a conserved cysteine residue and extracted back into the cytosol in an ATP-dependent manner. We have previously shown that the ubiquitin-PEX5 thioester conjugate (Ub-PEX5) released into the cytosol can be efficiently disrupted by physiological concentrations of glutathione, raising the possibility that a fraction of Ub-PEX5 is nonenzymatically deubiquitinated in vivo. However, data suggesting that Ub-PEX5 is also a target of a deubiquitinase were also obtained in that work. Here, we used an unbiased biochemical approach to identify this enzyme. Our results suggest that ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) is by far the most active deubiquitinase acting on Ub-PEX5, both in female rat liver and HeLa cells. We also show that USP9X is an elongated monomeric protein with the capacity to hydrolyze thioester, isopeptide, and peptide bonds. The strategy described here will be useful in identifying deubiquitinases acting on other ubiquitin conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia P Grou
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Freitas MO, Francisco T, Rodrigues TA, Alencastre IS, Pinto MP, Grou CP, Carvalho AF, Fransen M, Sá-Miranda C, Azevedo JE. PEX5 protein binds monomeric catalase blocking its tetramerization and releases it upon binding the N-terminal domain of PEX14. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40509-19. [PMID: 21976670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.287201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized peroxisomal matrix proteins are targeted to the organelle by PEX5. PEX5 has a dual role in this process. First, it acts as a soluble receptor recognizing these proteins in the cytosol. Subsequently, at the peroxisomal docking/translocation machinery, PEX5 promotes their translocation across the organelle membrane. Despite significant advances made in recent years, several aspects of this pathway remain unclear. Two important ones regard the formation and disruption of the PEX5-cargo protein interaction in the cytosol and at the docking/translocation machinery, respectively. Here, we provide data on the interaction of PEX5 with catalase, a homotetrameric enzyme in its native state. We found that PEX5 interacts with monomeric catalase yielding a stable protein complex; no such complex was detected with tetrameric catalase. Binding of PEX5 to monomeric catalase potently inhibits its tetramerization, a property that depends on domains present in both the N- and C-terminal halves of PEX5. Interestingly, the PEX5-catalase interaction is disrupted by the N-terminal domain of PEX14, a component of the docking/translocation machinery. One or two of the seven PEX14-binding diaromatic motifs present in the N-terminal half of PEX5 are probably involved in this phenomenon. These results suggest the following: 1) catalase domain(s) involved in the interaction with PEX5 are no longer accessible upon tetramerization of the enzyme; 2) the catalase-binding interface in PEX5 is not restricted to its C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence type 1-binding domain and also involves PEX5 N-terminal domain(s); and 3) PEX14 participates in the cargo protein release step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta O Freitas
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Craig MT, Graham RT, Torres RA, Hyde JR, Freitas MO, Ferreira BP, Hostim-Silva M, Gerhardinger LC, Bertoncini AA, Robertson DR. How many species of goliath grouper are there? Cryptic genetic divergence in a threatened marine fish and the resurrection of a geopolitical species. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Grou CP, Carvalho AF, Pinto MP, Alencastre IS, Rodrigues TA, Freitas MO, Francisco T, Sá-Miranda C, Azevedo JE. The peroxisomal protein import machinery--a case report of transient ubiquitination with a new flavor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:254-62. [PMID: 18810320 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-8415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisomal protein import machinery displays remarkable properties. Be it its capacity to accept already folded proteins as substrates, its complex architecture or its energetics, almost every aspect of this machinery seems unique. The list of unusual properties is still growing as shown by the recent finding that one of its central components, Pex5p, is transiently monoubiquitinated at a cysteine residue. However, the data gathered in recent years also suggest that the peroxisomal import machinery is not that exclusive and similarities with p97/Cdc48-mediated processes and with multisubunit RING-E3 ligases are starting to emerge. Here, we discuss these data trying to distill the principles by which this complex machinery operates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Grou
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
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