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Hillmer D, Merhi R, Boniface K, Taieb A, Barnetche T, Seneschal J, Hagedorn M. Evaluation of Facial Vitiligo Severity with a Mixed Clinical and Artificial Intelligence Approach. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:351-357.e4. [PMID: 37586608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting skin disorder. Given the ongoing development of new targeted therapies, it has become important to evaluate adequately the surface area involved. Assessment of vitiligo scores can be time consuming, with variations between investigators. Therefore, the aim of this study was to build an artificial intelligence system capable of assessing facial vitiligo severity. One hundred pictures of faces of patients with vitiligo were used to train and validate the artificial intelligence model. Sixty-nine additional pictures of facial vitiligo were then used as a final dataset. Three expert physicians scored the facial vitiligo on the same 69 pictures. Inter and intrarater performances were evaluated by comparing the scores between raters and artificial intelligence. Algorithm assessment achieved an accuracy of 93%. Overall, the scores reached a good agreement between vitiligo raters and the artificial intelligence model. Results demonstrate the potential of the model. It provides an objective evaluation of facial vitiligo and could become a complementary/alternative tool to human assessment in clinical practice and/or clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Hillmer
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), INSERM UMR1312, Team 5, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ribal Merhi
- CNRS, UMR 5164, Immuno ConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- CNRS, UMR 5164, Immuno ConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), INSERM UMR1312, Team 5, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Barnetche
- Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, FHU ACRONIM, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- CNRS, UMR 5164, Immuno ConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, UMR 5164, Saint-André Hospital, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), INSERM UMR1312, Team 5, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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2
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Rahal F, Capdevielle C, Rousseau B, Yzotte J, Dupuy JW, Cappellen D, Chotard G, Ménard M, Charpentier J, Jecko V, Caumont C, Gimbert E, Grosset CF, Hagedorn M. An EZH2 blocker sensitizes histone mutated diffuse midline glioma to cholesterol metabolism inhibitors through an off-target effect. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac018. [PMID: 35300150 PMCID: PMC8923007 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-mutant (DMG) is a rare, highly aggressive pediatric tumor affecting the brainstem, and is one of the deadliest cancers. Currently available treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy do only modestly prolong survival. In this pathology, H3K27 mutations deregulate Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), including enzymatic activity of EZH2, which is therefore under investigation as a therapeutic target. Methods We used a chemical EZH2 inhibitor, GSK126, small interfering RNAs, and a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout approaches in a series of DMG tumor cell lines to investigate metabolic treatment responses by proteomic analysis. A combination strategy was elaborated and studied in primary and established DMG cells, spheroid 3D cultures, and in vivo in a chick chorio-allantoic membrane DMG assay and an orthotopic intracranial DMG mouse model. Results GSK126 shows significant (P < .05–.001) inhibitory effects in in vitro cell proliferation assays and induces apoptosis. Chemical targeting of EZH2 induced expression of proteins implicated in cholesterol metabolism. Low-dose GSK126 treatment together with statins revealed strong growth inhibition in combinatorial treatments, but not in single treatments, both in DMG cells in vitro, in DMG spheroid cultures, and in chick and mouse in vivo models (P < .05). All statistical tests were two-sided. Conclusions Our results reveal an unexpected GSK126-inducible sensitivity to cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors in highly aggressive pediatric glioma that warrants further evaluation as treatment strategy. This combinatorial therapy should have few side effects because of the low doses used to achieve significant anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Rahal
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Capdevielle
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Animalerie A2, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex
| | - Julien Yzotte
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Animalerie A2, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex
| | | | - David Cappellen
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Chotard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, place Amélie Raba Léon, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Mélissa Ménard
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux, France
| | - Justine Charpentier
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Jecko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, place Amélie Raba Léon, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Charline Caumont
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, place Amélie Raba Léon, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Edouard Gimbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, place Amélie Raba Léon, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- Univ Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire/Victoire, Sciences de la santé/Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux, France
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Capdevielle C, Hagedorn M. Scaffolding proteins in pediatric glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23440-23441. [PMID: 34705668 PMCID: PMC8580342 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Capdevielle
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- Université Bordeaux, Campus de Carreire, Victoire, Sciences de la Santé, Sciences de l'Homme, Bordeaux 33076, CEDEX, France
- Inserm U1035, Bâtiment TP Zone Sud, Bordeaux 33000, France
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4
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Capdevielle C, Desplat A, Charpentier J, Sagliocco F, Thiebaud P, Thézé N, Fédou S, Hooks KB, Silvestri R, Guyonnet-Duperat V, Petrel M, Raymond AA, Dupuy JW, Grosset CF, Hagedorn M. HDAC inhibition induces expression of scaffolding proteins critical for tumor progression in pediatric glioma: focus on EBP50 and IRSp53. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:550-562. [PMID: 31711240 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a pediatric malignancy with poor prognosis. Most children die less than one year after diagnosis. Recently, mutations in histone H3 have been identified and are believed to be oncogenic drivers. Targeting this epigenetic abnormality using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors such as panobinostat (PS) is therefore a novel therapeutic option currently evaluated in clinical trials. METHODS BH3 profiling revealed engagement in an irreversible apoptotic process of glioma cells exposed to PS confirmed by annexin-V/propidium iodide staining. Using proteomic analysis of 3 DMG cell lines, we identified 2 proteins deregulated after PS treatment. We investigated biological effects of their downregulation by silencing RNA but also combinatory effects with PS treatment in vitro and in vivo using a chick embryo DMG model. Electron microscopy was used to validate protein localization. RESULTS Scaffolding proteins EBP50 and IRSp53 were upregulated by PS treatment. Reduction of these proteins in DMG cell lines leads to blockade of proliferation and migration, invasion, and an increase of apoptosis. EBP50 was found to be expressed in cytoplasm and nucleus in DMG cells, confirming known oncogenic locations of the protein. Treatment of glioma cells with PS together with genetic or chemical inhibition of EBP50 leads to more effective reduction of cell growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data reveal a specific relation between HDAC inhibitors and scaffolding protein deregulation which might have a potential for therapeutic intervention for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Capdevielle
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Angélique Desplat
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France
| | - Justine Charpentier
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Sagliocco
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Thiebaud
- INSERM Unit 1035 Dermatology team, Bordeaux, France.,XenoFish Platform, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadine Thézé
- INSERM Unit 1035 Dermatology team, Bordeaux, France.,XenoFish Platform, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Fédou
- INSERM Unit 1035 Dermatology team, Bordeaux, France.,XenoFish Platform, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katarzyna B Hooks
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melina Petrel
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Proteomics Platform, Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1035, MicroRNAs in Cancer and Development (miRCADE) team, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Hagedorn M, Liebich L, Bögershausen A, Massing U, Hoffmann S, Mende S, Rischer M. Rapid development of API nano-formulations from screening to production combining dual centrifugation and wet agitator bead milling. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:187-198. [PMID: 31063837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various wet ball nanomilling-screening tools for poorly soluble APIs are available which differ in their milling principle, batch size and number of samples. Here, the transferability of results from screening (small to medium-scale) to pharmaceutical production (largescale) was investigated. Wet ball milling in a dual centrifuge (DC) (10-100 mg API, 40 samples in parallel) was used to identify stable nanoformulations. In addition different sized agitator bead mills were used for scale-up to industrial scales. DC-and small-scale agitator milling (AM) resulted in small and virtually identical API-particles. Additionally, similar API-particles were obtained using two different sized agitator bead mills (batch size 1.5 and 30 kg) and applying comparable specific grinding energies (SGE). The SGE used in the trials represents the grinding limit for this API-suspension. Using lower SGEs, AM results in larger API-particles. All used milling tools had no influence on the APIs crystal structure and wear of grinding media (Zr/Y) is low. The study confirmed the importance to choose the right formulation and process parameters, which positively affect grinding efficacy, particle size distribution and wear contamination. The excellent comparability of results obtained from DC-milling and AM significantly reduces the duration for successful and predictable formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagedorn
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 13, 79395 Neuenburg am Rhein, Germany; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany.
| | - Lena Liebich
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 13, 79395 Neuenburg am Rhein, Germany.
| | | | - Ulrich Massing
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany; Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co KG, Engesserstr. 4a, 79108 Freiburg Germany.
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- NETZSCH Vakumix GmbH, Zeppelinstrasse 1, 28844 Weyhe-Dreye, Germany.
| | - Stefan Mende
- NETZSCH-Feinmahltechnik GmbH, Sedanstraße 70, 95100 Selb, Germany.
| | - Matthias Rischer
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße 13, 79395 Neuenburg am Rhein, Germany.
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6
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Hooks KB, Audoux J, Fazli H, Lesjean S, Ernault T, Dugot-Senant N, Leste-Lasserre T, Hagedorn M, Rousseau B, Danet C, Branchereau S, Brugières L, Taque S, Guettier C, Fabre M, Rullier A, Buendia MA, Commes T, Grosset CF, Raymond AA. New insights into diagnosis and therapeutic options for proliferative hepatoblastoma. Hepatology 2018; 68:89-102. [PMID: 29152775 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Surgery and cisplatin-based treatment of hepatoblastoma (HB) currently guarantee the survival of 70%-80% of patients. However, some important challenges remain in diagnosing high-risk tumors and identifying relevant targetable pathways offering new therapeutic avenues. Previously, two molecular subclasses of HB tumors have been described, C1 and C2, with C2 being the subgroup with the poorest prognosis, a more advanced tumor stage, and the worst overall survival rate. An associated 16-gene signature to discriminate the two tumoral subgroups was proposed, but it has not been transferred into clinical routine. To address these issues, we performed RNA sequencing of 25 tumors and matched normal liver samples from patients. The transcript profiling separated HB into three distinct subgroups named C1, C2A, and C2B, identifiable by a concise four-gene signature: hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6, integrin alpha 6, topoisomerase 2-alpha, and vimentin, with topoisomerase 2-alpha being characteristic for the proliferative C2A tumors. Differential expression of these genes was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR on an expanded cohort and by immunohistochemistry. We also revealed significant overexpression of genes involved in the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway in the C2A subgroup. We then investigated the ability of several described FA inhibitors to block growth of HB cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that bortezomib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved proteasome inhibitor, strongly impairs the proliferation and survival of HB cell lines in vitro, blocks FA pathway-associated double-strand DNA repair, and significantly impedes HB growth in vivo. CONCLUSION The highly proliferating C2A subtype is characterized by topoisomerase 2-alpha gene up-regulation and FA pathway activation, and the HB therapeutic arsenal could include bortezomib for the treatment of patients with the most aggressive tumors. (Hepatology 2018;68:89-102).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Hooks
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Audoux
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et de Biothérapie, Inserm U1183, CHU Montpellier.,Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Helena Fazli
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Lesjean
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tony Ernault
- Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Inserm, UMR1193, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Hepatobiliary Centre.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Martin Hagedorn
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Rullier
- Hôpital Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Inserm, UMR1193, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Hepatobiliary Centre.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Commes
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et de Biothérapie, Inserm U1183, CHU Montpellier.,Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, Bordeaux, France
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Cartier F, Indersie E, Lesjean S, Charpentier J, Hooks KB, Ghousein A, Desplat A, Dugot-Senant N, Trézéguet V, Sagliocco F, Hagedorn M, Grosset CF. New tumor suppressor microRNAs target glypican-3 in human liver cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41211-41226. [PMID: 28476031 PMCID: PMC5522324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an oncogene, frequently upregulated in liver malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatoblastoma and constitutes a potential molecular target for therapy in liver cancer. Using a functional screening system, we identified 10 new microRNAs controlling GPC3 expression in malignant liver cells, five of them e.g. miR-4510, miR-203a-3p, miR-548aa, miR-376b-3p and miR-548v reduce GPC3 expression. These 5 microRNAs were significantly downregulated in tumoral compared to non-tumoral liver and inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Interestingly, miR-4510 inversely correlated with GPC3 mRNA and protein in HCC samples. This microRNA also induced apoptosis of hepatoma cells and blocked tumor growth in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. We further show that the tumor suppressive effect of miR-4510 is mediated through direct targeting of GPC3 mRNA and inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity and signaling pathway. Moreover, miR-4510 up-regulated the expression of several tumor suppressor genes while reducing the expression of other pro-oncogenes. In summary, we uncovered several new microRNAs targeting the oncogenic functions of GPC3. We provided strong molecular, cellular and in vivo evidences for the tumor suppressive activities of miR-4510 bringing to the fore the potential value of this microRNA in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cartier
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Indersie
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Lesjean
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Justine Charpentier
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Katarzyna B Hooks
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amani Ghousein
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Angélique Desplat
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dugot-Senant
- INSERM US005 - TBM Core, Service for Experimental Histopathology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Trézéguet
- University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, UMR5248, Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CBMN, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Francis Sagliocco
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Groupe de Recherche pour l'Etude du Foie, GREF, U1053, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, BMGIC, U1035, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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8
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Tumeszenzlokalanästhesie (TLA) wurde vor zehn Jahren von dem amerikanischen Dermatologen und Pharmakologen J. Klein zur Erleichterung der kosmetischen Fettabsaugung eingeführt. Nachdem sich diese Form der großen Lokalanästhesie außerordentlich gut bewährt hatte, wurden ihre speziellen Vorteile nach und nach auch für andere Indikationen genutzt, so auch in der Phlebologie. In diesem Beitrag werden Vor- und Nachteil der Methode besprochen, soweit sie für die Phlebologie bedeutsam sind.
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Sattler G, Hagedorn M, Jokisch R. Vena-saphena-parva-Resektion in Tumeszenzlokalanästhesie. Phlebologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1617225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Tumeszenzlokalanästhesie (TLA) bietet im Vergleich zu üblichen Anästhesieverfahren wesentliche Vorteile in der operativen Behandlung der Vena-saphenaparva-(VSP-)Insuffizienz. Hierbei werden bis zu sechs Liter einer 0,05%igen Prilocainlösung subkutan infiltriert. Für die Krossektomie mit kompletter Resektion des VSP-Stammes samt allen Seitenastvarizen genügen in aller Regel 250–500 ml TLA-Lösung. Mittels einer speziellen Pumpspritze dauert die Infiltration vom proximalen Insuffizienzpunkt nach distal 10 Minuten. Mit der Operation, die sowohl im Ablauf als auch im Umfang dem Vorgehen in Intubationsnarkose entspricht, kann dann sofort begonnen werden.
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Khatib AM, Lahlil R, Hagedorn M, Delomenie C, Christophe O, Denis C, Siegfried G. Biological outcome and mapping of total factor cascades in response to HIF induction during regenerative angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12102-20. [PMID: 26933814 PMCID: PMC4914272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) is the main transcription factor that mediates cell response to hypoxia. Howeverthe complex factor cascades induced by HIF during regenerative angiogenesis are currently incompletely mapped and the biological outcome mediated by chronic HIF induction during vessel regeneration are not well known. Here, we investigated the biological impact of HIF induction on vascular regeneration and identified the differentially regulated genes during regeneration, HIF induction and hypoxic regeneration. The use of the fin zebrafish regeneration model revealed that exposure to HIF inducer (cobalt chloride) prevents vessel differentiation by maintaining their vascular plexuses in an immature state. The regenerated fins are easily breakable, lacking completely endochondral ossification. Gene expression arrays combined to gene functional enrichment analysis revealed that regenerative process and HIF induction shared the regulation of common genes mainly involved in DNA replication and proteasome complex. HIF induction during regeneration affected the expression of exclusive genes involved in cell differentiation and communication, consistent with the observed immature vascular plexuses of the regenerated fins during HIF induction. The use of morpholino (MO) knockdown strategy revealed that the expression of some of these genes such as tubulin and col10a1 are required for fin regeneration. Taken together, this study revealed the impact of HIF induction on regenerative angiogenesis and provided a framework to develop a gene network leading to regenerative process during HIF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
| | | | - Martin Hagedorn
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
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Hagedorn M, Bögershausen A, Rischer M, Schubert R, Massing U. Dual centrifugation – A new technique for nanomilling of poorly soluble drugs and formulation screening by an DoE-approach. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Indersie E, Lesjean S, Hooks KB, Sagliocco F, Ernault T, Cairo S, Merched-Sauvage M, Rullier A, Le Bail B, Taque S, Grotzer M, Branchereau S, Guettier C, Fabre M, Brugières L, Hagedorn M, Buendia MA, Grosset CF. MicroRNA therapy inhibits hepatoblastoma growth in vivo by targeting β-catenin and Wnt signaling. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:168-183. [PMID: 29404451 PMCID: PMC5721429 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is the most common pediatric liver cancer. In this malignant neoplasm, beta-catenin protein accumulates and increases Wnt signaling due to recurrent activating mutations in the catenin-beta 1 (CTNNB1) gene. Therefore, beta-catenin is a key therapeutic target in HBL. However, controlling beta-catenin production with therapeutic molecules has been challenging. New biological studies could provide alternative therapeutic solutions for the treatment of HBL, especially for advanced tumors and metastatic disease. In this study, we identified microRNAs (miRNAs) that target beta-catenin and block HBL cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Using our dual-fluorescence-FunREG system, we screened a library of 1,712 miRNA mimics and selected candidates inhibiting CTNNB1 expression through interaction with its untranslated regions. After validating the regulatory effect of nine miRNAs on beta-catenin in HBL cells, we measured their expression in patient samples. Let-7i-3p, miR-449b-3p, miR-624-5p, and miR-885-5p were decreased in tumors compared to normal livers. Moreover, they inhibited HBL cell growth and Wnt signaling activity in vitro partly through beta-catenin down-regulation. Additionally, miR-624-5p induced cell senescence in vitro, blocked experimental HBL growth in vivo, and directly targeted the beta-catenin 3'-untranslated region. Conclusion: Our results shed light on how beta-catenin-regulating miRNAs control HBL progression through Wnt signaling inactivation. In particular, miR-624-5p may constitute a promising candidate for miRNA replacement therapy for HBL patients. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:168-183).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Indersie
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Sarah Lesjean
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Katarzyna B Hooks
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Francis Sagliocco
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Tony Ernault
- INSERM, UMR 1193, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre F-94800 Villejuif France.,Univ. Paris Saclay F-94800 Villejuif France
| | - Stefano Cairo
- XenTechEvry France.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine University of Ferrara Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Grotzer
- SIOPEL (International Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group) Liver Tumor and Tissue Banking Program University Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Hagedorn
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- INSERM, UMR 1193, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre F-94800 Villejuif France.,Univ. Paris Saclay F-94800 Villejuif France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
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Quemener C, Baud J, Boyé K, Dubrac A, Billottet C, Soulet F, Darlot F, Dumartin L, Sire M, Grepin R, Daubon T, Rayne F, Wodrich H, Couvelard A, Pineau R, Schilling M, Castronovo V, Sue SC, Clarke K, Lomri A, Khatib AM, Hagedorn M, Prats H, Bikfalvi A. Dual Roles for CXCL4 Chemokines and CXCR3 in Angiogenesis and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6507-6519. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Göhring G, Salari A, Thomay K, Hagedorn M, Schambach A, Schlegelberger B. 150 INFLUENCE OF TP53 MUTATIONS ON HEMATOPOIESIS IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) AND ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIAS (AML). Leuk Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(15)30151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Exertier P, Javerzat S, Wang B, Franco M, Herbert J, Platonova N, Winandy M, Pujol N, Nivelles O, Ormenese S, Godard V, Becker J, Bicknell R, Pineau R, Wilting J, Bikfalvi A, Hagedorn M. Impaired angiogenesis and tumor development by inhibition of the mitotic kinesin Eg5. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2302-16. [PMID: 24327603 PMCID: PMC3926828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin motor proteins exert essential cellular functions in all eukaryotes. They control mitosis, migration and intracellular transport through interaction with microtubules. Small molecule inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin KiF11/Eg5 are a promising new class of anti-neoplastic agents currently evaluated in clinical cancer trials for solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Here we report induction of Eg5 and four other mitotic kinesins including KIF20A/Mklp2 upon stimulation of in vivo angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Expression analyses indicate up-regulation of several kinesin-encoding genes predominantly in lymphoblasts and endothelial cells. Chemical blockade of Eg5 inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Mitosis-independent vascular outgrowth in aortic ring cultures is strongly impaired after Eg5 or Mklp2 protein inhibition. In vivo, interfering with KIF11/Eg5 function causes developmental and vascular defects in zebrafish and chick embryos and potent inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in experimental tumor models. Besides blocking tumor cell proliferation, impairing endothelial function is a novel mechanism of action of kinesin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Exertier
- University Bordeaux, LAMC, UMR 1029, F-33405 Talence, France
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Fergelot P, Bernhard JC, Soulet F, Kilarski WW, Léon C, Courtois N, Deminière C, Herbert JMJ, Antczak P, Falciani F, Rioux-Leclercq N, Patard JJ, Ferrière JM, Ravaud A, Hagedorn M, Bikfalvi A. The experimental renal cell carcinoma model in the chick embryo. Angiogenesis 2012; 16:181-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Kuhlen S, Schmalbuch K, Hagedorn M, Schlammes P, Patt M, Lepsa M, Güntherodt G, Beschoten B. Electric field-driven coherent spin reorientation of optically generated electron spin packets in InGaAs. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:146603. [PMID: 23083266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.146603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Full electric-field control of spin orientations is one of the key tasks in semiconductor spintronics. We demonstrate that electric-field pulses can be utilized for phase-coherent ±π spin rotation of optically generated electron spin packets in InGaAs epilayers detected by time-resolved Faraday rotation. Through spin-orbit interaction, the electric-field pulses act as local magnetic field pulses. By the temporal control of the local magnetic field pulses, we can turn on and off electron spin precession and thereby rotate the spin direction into arbitrary orientations in a two-dimensional plane. Furthermore, we demonstrate a spin-echo-type spin drift experiment and find an unexpected partial spin rephasing, which is evident by a doubling of the spin dephasing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuhlen
- II. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Wilting J, Hagedorn M. Left-Right Asymmetry in Embryonic Development and Breast Cancer: Common Molecular Determinants? Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:5519-27. [PMID: 22172062 DOI: 10.2174/092986711798347252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Balke M, Neumann A, Szuhai K, Agelopoulos K, August C, Gosheger G, Hogendoorn PC, Athanasou N, Buerger H, Hagedorn M. A short-term in vivo model for giant cell tumor of bone. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:241. [PMID: 21668953 PMCID: PMC3125284 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the lack of suitable in vivo models of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), little is known about its underlying fundamental pro-tumoral events, such as tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. There is no existing cell line that contains all the cell and tissue tumor components of GCT and thus in vitro testing of anti-tumor agents on GCT is not possible. In this study we have characterized a new method of growing a GCT tumor on a chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) for this purpose. Methods Fresh tumor tissue was obtained from 10 patients and homogenized. The suspension was grafted onto the CAM at day 10 of development. The growth process was monitored by daily observation and photo documentation using in vivo biomicroscopy. After 6 days, samples were fixed and further analyzed using standard histology (hematoxylin and eosin stains), Ki67 staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results The suspension of all 10 patients formed solid tumors when grafted on the CAM. In vivo microscopy and standard histology revealed a rich vascularization of the tumors. The tumors were composed of the typical components of GCT, including (CD51+/CD68+) multinucleated giant cells whichwere generally less numerous and contained fewer nuclei than in the original tumors. Ki67 staining revealed a very low proliferation rate. The FISH demonstrated that the tumors were composed of human cells interspersed with chick-derived capillaries. Conclusions A reliable protocol for grafting of human GCT onto the chick chorio-allantoic membrane is established. This is the first in vivo model for giant cell tumors of bone which opens new perspectives to study this disease and to test new therapeutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Balke
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Witten-Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Ostmerheimer Str, Cologne, Germany.
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Exertier P, Javerzat S, Wang B, Franco M, Herbert J, Winandy M, Bikfalvi A, Wilting J, Hagedorn M. R27: Rôles des kinésines mitotiques dans l’angiogenèse physiologique et tumorale. Bull Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(15)30944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cavill R, Sidhu JK, Kilarski W, Javerzat S, Hagedorn M, Ebbels TMD, Bikfalvi A, Keun HC. A Combined Metabonomic and Transcriptomic Approach to Investigate Metabolism during Development in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3126-34. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100033t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cavill
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jasmin K. Sidhu
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Witold Kilarski
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Sophie Javerzat
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Timothy, M. D. Ebbels
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ; INSERM, U920, 33405 Talence, France; and Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France
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Dumartin L, Quemener C, Laklai H, Herbert J, Bicknell R, Bousquet C, Pyronnet S, Castronovo V, Schilling MK, Bikfalvi A, Hagedorn M. Netrin-1 mediates early events in pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression, acting on tumor and endothelial cells. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1595-606, 1606.e1-8. [PMID: 20080097 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. It is characterized by substantial tumor cell invasion and early-stage metastasis. We developed an in vivo model to analyze interactions between cancer and stromal cells during early stages of PDAC. METHODS Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were grafted onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Human and chicken GeneChips were used simultaneously to study gene regulation during PDAC cell invasion. Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify human orthologs and cell specificity of gene expression. The effects of netrin-1 encoded by NTN1 were investigated in adhesion, invasion, and apoptosis assays. The effects of NTN1 silencing with small interfering RNAs were investigated in PDAC cells in vivo. NTN1 expression was measured in human PDAC samples. RESULTS PDAC cells rapidly invade the CAM stroma and remodel the CAM vasculature. Around 800 stromal genes were up-regulated by >2-fold; the angiogenesis regulators vascular endothelial growth factor D, thrombospondin 1, and CD151 were among the most highly regulated genes. Silencing of tumor cell NTN1, which is up-regulated 4-fold in the PDAC model, inhibited tumor cell invasion in vivo. Netrin-1 conferred apoptosis resistance to tumor and endothelial cells in vitro, induced their invasion, and provided an adhesive substrate for tumor cells. NTN1 and its gene product are strongly overexpressed in human PDAC samples. CONCLUSIONS We developed a useful tool to study the invasive mechanisms of early-stage PDAC. Netrin-1 might be an important regulator of pancreatic tumor growth that functions in tumor and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dumartin
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U920, Talence, France
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Lamour V, Le Mercier M, Lefranc F, Hagedorn M, Javerzat S, Bikfalvi A, Kiss R, Castronovo V, Bellahcène A. Selective osteopontin knockdown exerts anti-tumoral activity in a human glioblastoma model. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1797-1805. [PMID: 19609945 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a member of the SIBLING (Small Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoprotein) family, is overexpressed in human glioblastoma. Higher levels of OPN expression correlate with increased tumor grade and enhanced migratory capacity of tumor cells. Based on these observations, we explored the possibility that knocking down OPN expression in glioblastoma cells could exert an anti-tumoral activity using an avian in vivo glioblastoma model that mimics closely human gliobastoma. Human U87-MG glioma cells transfected with specific anti-OPN small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were grafted onto the chicken chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). OPN-deficient U87-MG cells gave rise to tumors that were significantly smaller than tumors formed from untransfected cells (paired t-test, p < 0.05). Accordingly, the amount of proliferating cells in OPN-deficient tumors showed a six-fold reduction when compared to control tumors. However, OPN inhibition did not affect significantly tumor-associated angiogenesis. In vitro, OPN-silenced U87-MG and U373-MG cells showed decreased motility and migration. This is the first demonstration that OPN inhibition blocks glioma tumor growth, making this invasion-related protein an attractive target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lamour
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Le Mercier
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- INSERM U920.,University of Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Sophie Javerzat
- INSERM U920.,University of Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France
| | | | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Balke M, Neumann A, Kersting C, Agelopoulos K, Gebert C, Gosheger G, Buerger H, Hagedorn M. Morphologic characterization of osteosarcoma growth on the chick chorioallantoic membrane. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:58. [PMID: 20202196 PMCID: PMC2838906 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) assay is a commonly used method for studying angiogenic or anti-angiogenic activities in vivo. The ease of access allows direct monitoring of tumour growth by biomicroscopy and the possibility to screen many samples in an inexpensive way. The CAM model provides a powerful tool to study effects of molecules, which interfere with physiological angiogenesis, or experimental tumours derived from cancer cell lines. We therefore screened eight osteosarcoma cell lines for their ability to form vascularized tumours on the CAM. Findings We implanted 3-5 million cells of human osteosarcoma lines (HOS, MG63, MNNG-HOS, OST, SAOS, SJSA1, U2OS, ZK58) on the CAM at day 10 of embryonic development. Tumour growth was monitored by in vivo biomicroscopy at different time points and tumours were fixed in paraformaldehyde seven days after cell grafting. The tissue was observed, photographed and selected cases were further analyzed using standard histology. From the eight cell lines the MNNG-HOS, U2OS and SAOS were able to form solid tumours when grafted on the CAM. The MNNG-HOS tumours showed the most reliable and consistent growth and were able to penetrate the chorionic epithelium, grow in the CAM stroma and induce a strong angiogenic response. Conclusions Our results show that the CAM assay is a useful tool for studying osteosarcoma growth. The model provides an excellent alternative to current rodent models and could serve as a preclinical screening assay for anticancer molecules. It might increase the speed and efficacy of the development of new drugs for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Balke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Acker J, Woods E, Hagedorn M. 171. Evaluation of a field-portable, controlled rate freezer for the preservation of Acropora palmata spermatozoa and oocytes. Cryobiology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.10.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Javerzat S, Franco M, Herbert J, Platonova N, Peille AL, Pantesco V, De Vos J, Assou S, Bicknell R, Bikfalvi A, Hagedorn M. Correlating global gene regulation to angiogenesis in the developing chick extra-embryonic vascular system. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7856. [PMID: 19924294 PMCID: PMC2774277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formation of blood vessels requires the concerted regulation of an unknown number of genes in a spatial-, time- and dosage-dependent manner. Determining genes, which drive vascular maturation is crucial for the identification of new therapeutic targets against pathological angiogenesis. Methology/Principal Findings We accessed global gene regulation throughout maturation of the chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM), a highly vascularized tissue, using pan genomic microarrays. Seven percent of analyzed genes showed a significant change in expression (>2-fold, FDR<5%) with a peak occurring from E7 to E10, when key morphogenetic and angiogenic genes such as BMP4, SMO, HOXA3, EPAS1 and FGFR2 were upregulated, reflecting the state of an activated endothelium. At later stages, a general decrease in gene expression occurs, including genes encoding mitotic factors or angiogenic mediators such as CYR61, EPAS1, MDK and MYC. We identified putative human orthologs for 77% of significantly regulated genes and determined endothelial cell enrichment for 20% of the orthologs in silico. Vascular expression of several genes including ENC1, FSTL1, JAM2, LDB2, LIMS1, PARVB, PDE3A, PRCP, PTRF and ST6GAL1 was demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Up to 9% of the CAM genes were also overexpressed in human organs with related functions, such as placenta and lung or the thyroid. 21–66% of CAM genes enriched in endothelial cells were deregulated in several human cancer types (P<.0001). Interfering with PARVB (encoding parvin, beta) function profoundly changed human endothelial cell shape, motility and tubulogenesis, suggesting an important role of this gene in the angiogenic process. Conclusions/Significance Our study underlines the complexity of gene regulation in a highly vascularized organ during development. We identified a restricted number of novel genes enriched in the endothelium of different species and tissues, which may play crucial roles in normal and pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Javerzat
- INSERM U920, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
| | - Mélanie Franco
- INSERM U920, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- * E-mail:
| | - John Herbert
- Molecular Angiogenesis Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Platonova
- INSERM U920, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
| | - Anne-Lise Peille
- INSERM U920, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
| | - Véronique Pantesco
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Said Assou
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Molecular Angiogenesis Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U920, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
| | - Martin Hagedorn
- INSERM U920, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
- * E-mail:
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Hagedorn M, Schlachter A. Morphologische Untersuchungen der Papillomatosis confluens et reticularis bei Diabetes mellitus. Dermatology 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000249765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Saidi A, Hagedorn M, Allain N, Verpelli C, Sala C, Bello L, Bikfalvi A, Javerzat S. Combined targeting of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor potently inhibits glioma growth and invasiveness. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1054-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mottet D, Pirotte S, Lamour V, Hagedorn M, Javerzat S, Bikfalvi A, Bellahcène A, Verdin E, Castronovo V. HDAC4 represses p21(WAF1/Cip1) expression in human cancer cells through a Sp1-dependent, p53-independent mechanism. Oncogene 2008; 28:243-56. [PMID: 18850004 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have complex, unique characteristics that distinguish them from normal cells, such as increased growth rates and evasion of anti-proliferative signals. Global inhibition of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs) stops cancer cell proliferation in vitro and has proven effective against cancer in clinical trials, at least in part, through transcriptional reactivation of the p21(WAF1/Cip1)gene. The HDACs that regulate p21(WAF1/Cip1) are not fully identified. Using small interfering RNAs, we found that HDAC4 participates in the repression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) through Sp1/Sp3-, but not p53-binding sites. HDAC4 interacts with Sp1, binds and reduces histone H3 acetylation at the Sp1/Sp3 binding site-rich p21(WAF1/Cip1) proximal promoter, suggesting a key role for Sp1 in HDAC4-mediated repression of p21(WAF1/Cip1). Induction of p21(WAF1/Cip1) mediated by silencing of HDAC4 arrested cancer cell growth in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo human glioblastoma model. Thus, HDAC4 could be a useful target for new anti-cancer therapies based on selective inhibition of specific HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mottet
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer (Center for Experimental Cancer Research), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Hagedorn M, Ricker J, McCarthy M, Meyers SA, Tiersch TR, Varga ZM, Kleinhans FW. Biophysics of zebrafish (Danio rerio) sperm. Cryobiology 2008; 58:12-19. [PMID: 18951888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, laboratories around the world have produced thousands of mutant, transgenic, and wild-type zebrafish lines for biomedical research. Although slow-freezing cryopreservation of zebrafish sperm has been available for 30 years, current protocols lack standardization and yield inconsistent post-thaw fertilization rates. Cell cryopreservation cannot be improved without basic physiological knowledge, which was lacking for zebrafish sperm. The first goal was to define basic cryobiological values for wild-type zebrafish sperm and to evaluate how modern physiological methods could aid in developing improved cryopreservation protocols. Coulter counting methods measured an osmotically inactive water fraction (Vb) of 0.37+/-0.02 (SEM), an isosmotic cell volume (V(o)) of 12.1+/-0.2 microm(3) (SEM), a water permeability (L(p)) in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide of 0.021+/-0.001(SEM)microm/min/atm, and a cryoprotectant permeability (P(s)) of 0.10+/-0.01 (SEM)x10(-3)cm/min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that sperm membranes frozen without cryoprotectant showed damage and lipid reorganization, while those exposed to 10% glycerol demonstrated decreased lipid phase transition temperatures, which would stabilize the cells during cooling. The second goal was to determine the practicality and viability of shipping cooled zebrafish sperm overnight through the mail. Flow cytometry demonstrated that chilled fresh sperm can be maintained at 92% viability for 24h at 0 degrees C, suggesting that it can be shipped and exchanged between laboratories. Additional methods will be necessary to analyze and improve cryopreservation techniques and post-thaw fertility of zebrafish sperm. The present study is a first step to explore such techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hagedorn
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA; Smithsonian Institution and Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA.
| | - J Ricker
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M McCarthy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S A Meyers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - T R Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experimental Station, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Z M Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - F W Kleinhans
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Saidi A, Javerzat S, Bellahcène A, De Vos J, Bello L, Castronovo V, Deprez M, Loiseau H, Bikfalvi A, Hagedorn M. Experimental anti-angiogenesis causes upregulation of genes associated with poor survival in glioblastoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2187-98. [PMID: 18092325 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are the most promising anti-angiogenic agents used increasingly in the clinic. However, to be efficient, anti-VEGF agents need to be associated with classic chemotherapy. Exploring gene regulation in tumor cells during anti-angiogenesis might help to comprehend the molecular basis of response to treatment. To generate a defined anti-angiogenic condition in vivo, we transfected human glioma cells with short-interfering RNAs against VEGF-A and implanted them on the chick chorio-allantoic membrane. Gene regulation in avascular tumors was studied using human Affymetrixtrade mark GeneChips. Potentially important genes were further studied in glioma patients. Despite strong VEGF inhibition, we observed recurrent formation of small, avascular tumors. CHI3L2, IL1B, PI3/elafin and CHI3L1, which encodes for YKL-40, a putative prognosticator for various diseases, including cancer, were strongly up-regulated in avascular glioma. In glioblastoma patients, these genes showed coregulation and their expression differed significantly from low-grade glioma. Importantly, high levels of CHI3L1 (p = 0.036) and PI3/elafin mRNA (p = 0.0004) were significantly correlated with poor survival. Cox regression analysis further confirmed that PI3 and CHI3L1 levels are survival markers independent from patient age and sex. Elafin-positive tumor cells were only found in glioblastoma, where they were clustered around necrotic areas. PI3/elafin is strongly induced by serum deprivation and hypoxia in U87 glioma cells in vitro. Our results indicate that anti-angiogenesis in experimental glioma drives expression of critical genes which relate to disease aggressiveness in glioblastoma patients. In particular, CHI3L1 and PI3/elafin may be useful as new prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlame Saidi
- ELAT (European Laboratory for Angiogenesis and Translational Research), INSERM U920 (ex E0113), Talence, F-33405, France
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Wagner N, Fritze D, Przybilla B, Hagedorn M, Ruëff F. Fatal Anaphylactic Sting Reaction in a Patient with Mastocytosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:162-3. [DOI: 10.1159/000113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Hartmann H, Herchenbach J, Stephani U, Ledaal P, Donnerstag F, Lücke T, Das AM, Christen HJ, Hagedorn M, Meins M. Novel mutations in exon 6 of the GFAP gene affect a highly conserved if motif in the rod domain 2B and are associated with early onset infantile Alexander disease. Neuropediatrics 2007; 38:143-7. [PMID: 17985264 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-985902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alexander disease is a rare disorder of cerebral white matter due to a dysfunction of astrocytes. The most common infantile form presents as a megalencephalic leukodystrophy. Mutations of the GFAP gene, encoding Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, have been recognized as the cause of Alexander disease. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein is the major intermediate filament protein in astrocytes, its functional rod domain is conserved in sequence and structure among other intermediate filament proteins. We report here two cases of infantile Alexander disease with early onset and severe course, caused by DE NOVO mutations A364 V and Y366C. Both affected GFAP residues are part of a highly conserved coiled-coil trigger motif in the C-terminal end of segment 2B, probably required for the stability of intermediate filament molecules. Comparable effects are seen with mutations of the corresponding residues of the gene coding for keratin 14, another intermediate filament, this further supports the hypothesis that these positions of the trigger motif are generally critical for a normal function of intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hartmann
- 1Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Pisati F, Belicchi M, Acerbi F, Marchesi C, Giussani C, Gavina M, Javerzat S, Hagedorn M, Carrabba G, Lucini V, Gaini SM, Bresolin N, Bello L, Bikfalvi A, Torrente Y. Effect of Human Skin-Derived Stem Cells on Vessel Architecture, Tumor Growth, and Tumor Invasion in Brain Tumor Animal Models. Cancer Res 2007; 67:3054-63. [PMID: 17409412 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas represent an important cause of cancer-related mortality with poor survival. Despite many advances, the mean survival time has not significantly improved in the last decades. New experimental approaches have shown tumor regression after the grafting of neural stem cells and human mesenchymal stem cells into experimental intracranial gliomas of adult rodents. However, the cell source seems to be an important limitation for autologous transplantation in glioblastoma. In the present study, we evaluated the tumor targeting and antitumor activity of human skin-derived stem cells (hSDSCs) in human brain tumor models. The hSDSCs exhibit tumor targeting characteristics in vivo when injected into the controlateral hemisphere or into the tail vein of mice. When implanted directly into glioblastomas, hSDSCs distributed themselves extensively throughout the tumor mass, reduced tumor vessel density, and decreased angiogenic sprouts. In addition, transplanted hSDSCs differentiate into pericyte cell and release high amounts of human transforming growth factor-beta1 with low expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which may contribute to the decreased tumor cell invasion and number of tumor vessels. In long-term experiments, the hSDSCs were also able to significantly inhibit tumor growth and to prolong animal survival. Similar behavior was seen when hSDSCs were implanted into two different tumor models, the chicken embryo experimental glioma model and the transgenic Tyrp1-Tag mice. Taken together, these data validate the use of hSDSCs for targeting human brain tumors. They may represent therapeutically effective cells for the treatment of intracranial tumors after autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pisati
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Science, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Hagedorn M, Delugin M, Abraldes I, Allain N, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Turmo M, Prigent C, Loiseau H, Bikfalvi A, Javerzat S. FBXW7/hCDC4 controls glioma cell proliferation in vitro and is a prognostic marker for survival in glioblastoma patients. Cell Div 2007; 2:9. [PMID: 17326833 PMCID: PMC1819378 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the quest for novel molecular mediators of glioma progression, we studied the regulation of FBXW7 (hCDC4/hAGO/SEL10), its association with survival of patients with glioblastoma and its potential role as a tumor suppressor gene in glioma cells. The F-box protein Fbxw7 is a component of SCFFbxw7, a Skp1-Cul1-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that tags specific proteins for proteasome degradation. FBXW7 is mutated in several human cancers and functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in mice. Any of the identified targets, Cyclin E, c-Myc, c-Jun, Notch1/4 and Aurora-A may have oncogenic properties when accumulated in tumors with FBXW7 loss. RESULTS We tested the expression of FBXW7 in human glioma biopsies by quantitative PCR and compared the transcript levels of grade IV glioma (glioblastoma, G-IV) with those of grade II tumors (G-II). In more than 80% G-IV, expression of FBXW7 was significantly reduced. In addition, levels of FBXW7 were correlated with survival indicating a possible implication in tumor aggressiveness. Locus 4q31.3 which carries FBXW7 was investigated by in situ hybridization on biopsy touchprints. This excluded allelic loss as the principal cause for low expression of FBXW7 in G-IV tumors. Two targets of Fbxw7, Aurora-A and Notch4 were preferentially immunodetected in G-IV biopsies. Next, we investigated the effects of FBXW7 misregulation in glioma cells. U87 cells overexpressing nuclear isoforms of Fbxw7 lose the expression of the proliferation markers PCNA and Ki-67, and get counterselected in vitro. This observation fits well with the hypothesis that Fbxw7 functions as a tumor suppressor in astroglial cells. Finally, FBXW7 knockdown in U87 cells leads to defects in mitosis that may promote aneuploidy in progressing glioma. CONCLUSION Our results show that FBXW7 expression is a prognostic marker for patients with glioblastoma. We suggest that loss of FBXW7 plays an important role in glioma malignancy by allowing the accumulation of multiple oncoproteins and that interfering with Fbxw7 or its downstream targets would constitute a new therapeutic advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagedorn
- INSERM, E0113, Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Talence, F-33405, France
- Univ Bordeaux1, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Maylis Delugin
- INSERM, E0113, Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Talence, F-33405, France
- Univ Bordeaux1, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Isabelle Abraldes
- INSERM, E0113, Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Talence, F-33405, France
- Univ Bordeaux1, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Nathalie Allain
- INSERM, E0113, Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Talence, F-33405, France
- Univ Bordeaux1, Talence, F-33405, France
| | | | - Michelle Turmo
- EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Univ Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Claude Prigent
- CNRS, UMR6061, Génétique et Développement, Univ Rennes, Rennes, F-35043, France
| | - Hugues Loiseau
- CHRU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de neurochirurgie, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Andréas Bikfalvi
- INSERM, E0113, Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Talence, F-33405, France
- Univ Bordeaux1, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Sophie Javerzat
- INSERM, E0113, Mécanismes Moléculaires de l'Angiogenèse, Talence, F-33405, France
- Univ Bordeaux1, Talence, F-33405, France
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Hagedorn M, Carter VL, Steyn RA, Krupp D, Leong JC, Lang RP, Tiersch TR. Preliminary studies of sperm cryopreservation in the mushroom coral, Fungia scutaria. Cryobiology 2006; 52:454-8. [PMID: 16626677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Coral species throughout the world are facing severe environmental pressures. Because of this, we began cryobiological studies on the sperm of the mushroom coral, Fungia scutaria. We determined that F. scutaria sperm had a mean length of 56 microm and head diameter of 2.5 microm, and a mean spontaneous ice nucleation temperature of -37.2 +/- 1.7 degrees C. When the sperm were exposed to the cryoprotectant glycerol for 5 or 20 min (at 10% v/v), no fertilized larvae were produced. However, when sperm were exposed for 20 min to propylene glycol (10% v/v), fertilizations were produced at the same rate as untreated control eggs and sperm (P > 0.05), but slightly less for dimethyl sulfoxide (10% v/v) (P < 0.05). Regardless, dimethyl sulfoxide caused less osmotic damage to the sperm membrane than did propylene glycol. Therefore, we used the dimethyl sulfoxide (10% v/v) to develop cryopreservation protocols that yielded good post-thaw morphology and motility (>95%) for coral sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hagedorn
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
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Meins M, Lehmann J, Gerresheim F, Herchenbach J, Hagedorn M, Hameister K, Epplen JT. Submicroscopic duplication in Xq28 causes increased expression of the MECP2 gene in a boy with severe mental retardation and features of Rett syndrome. J Med Genet 2006; 42:e12. [PMID: 15689435 PMCID: PMC1735993 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.023804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hagedorn M, Smith P, Bones P, Millane R, Pairman D. A trivariate chi-squared distribution derived from the complex Wishart distribution. J MULTIVARIATE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Cryopreservation of avian germplasm is becoming better understood and more commonly practiced. However, one area that would be of great benefit for genome resource banking is the preservation of avian embryos. Little is know about the cryobiology of avian embryos, and they have never been successfully cryopreserved. However, it is likely that they share many of the challenges of other yolk-filled multicompartmental embryos. For example, the fish embryo has 1) a large overall size, resulting in a low surface-to-volume ratio, which retards water and cryoprotectant efflux/influx; 2) large-sized cells, such as the yolk, which could increase the likelihood of membrane disruption by intracellular ice formation; 3) compartments, such as the blastoderm and yolk, with differing permeability properties; and 4) susceptibility to chilling injury. Both the avian and fish systems share many physical and anatomical properties, and it is predicted that some of the same permeability barriers would exist in both as well. Although the systems are similar, some of the goals, and thus the practices, to protect the genome may be quite different. One of these major goals in avian developmental biology is to produce chicken:chicken transgenic animals, especially those with germ line transmission. Producing efficient germ line transmissions and being able to cryopreserve these transmissions would be extremely beneficial to both basic and agricultural science. This could be accomplished through the cryopreservation of embryonic gonadal tissue followed by grafting into a host. The gonadal/tail-graft system would provide an advantage for cryopreservation because it is small (in comparison with the whole embryo), has fairly uniform tissue, and contains the essential primordial germ line cells capable of recreating the genetic line of interest. Moreover, because the chicken is such a robust model for most other avian species, the cryopreservation of the gonadal/tail-graft may potentially open up similar treatments for other commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hagedorn
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
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Hagedorn M, Pan R, Cox EF, Hollingsworth L, Krupp D, Lewis TD, Leong JC, Mazur P, Rall WF, MacFarlane DR, Fahy G, Kleinhans FW. Coral larvae conservation: Physiology and reproduction. Cryobiology 2006; 52:33-47. [PMID: 16337183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Coral species throughout the world's oceans are facing severe environmental pressures. We are interested in conserving coral larvae by means of cryopreservation, but little is known about their cellular physiology or cryobiology. These experiments examined cryoprotectant toxicity, dry weight, water and cryoprotectant permeability using cold and radiolabeled glycerol, spontaneous ice nucleation temperatures, chilling sensitivity, and settlement of coral larvae. Our two test species of coral larvae, Pocillopora damicornis (lace coral), and Fungia scutaria (mushroom coral) demonstrated a wide tolerance to cryoprotectants. Computer-aided morphometry determined that F. scutaria larvae were smaller than P. damicornis larvae. The average dry weight for P. damicornis was 24.5%, while that for F. scutaria was 17%, yielding osmotically inactive volumes (V(b)) of 0.22 and 0.15, respectively. The larvae from both species demonstrated radiolabeled glycerol uptake over time, suggesting they were permeable to the glycerol. Parameter fitting of the F. scutaria larvae data yielded a water permeability 2 microm/min/atm and a cryoprotectant permeability = 2.3 x 10(-4) cm/min while modeling indicated that glycerol reached 90% of final concentration in the larvae within 25 min. The spontaneous ice nucleation temperature for F. scutaria larvae in filtered seawater was -37.8+/-1.4 degrees C. However, when F. scutaria larvae were chilled from room temperature to -11 degrees C at various rates, they exhibited 100% mortality. When instantly cooled from room temperature to test temperatures, they showed damage below 10 degrees C. These data suggest that they are sensitive to both the rate of chilling and the absolute temperature, and indicate that vitrification may be the only means to successfully cryopreserve these organisms. Without prior cryopreservation, both species of coral settled under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hagedorn
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
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Hagedorn M, Glaenz T, Hasche E. Therapie der rezidivierenden benignen Aphthosis mit Fumarsäureestern. Akt Dermatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Javerzat S, Bikfalvi A, Hagedorn M. [Understanding in treating gliomas: an adequate experimental model for each question]. Bull Cancer 2005; 92:633-5. [PMID: 16123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant glioma are especially difficult to model in vivo. Here we review the most recent strategies for designing relevant models of glioma. These should greatly contribute to identification of new tumor regulating molecules and facilitate testing of inhibitors to be used in therapeutical trials as well as the drug resistance that they might confer.
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Griga T, Wilkens C, Schmiegel W, Folwaczny C, Hagedorn M, Duerig N, Epplen J, Klein W. Association between the promoter polymorphism T/C at position -159 of the CD14 gene and anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Med Res 2005; 10:183-6. [PMID: 15946916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response to intestinal bacteria and genetic predisposition seem to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the lipopolysaccharide-receptor CD14 gene (T/C at position -159) has recently been described. To evaluate the role of the CD14 gene in anti-inflammatory therapy, the functionally relevant T(-159)-->C promoter polymorphism has been genotyped in 72 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and associated with the cumulative steroid dose. Cumulative corticosteroid dose was significantly higher in ulcerative colitis patients with the TT genotype (2447.7 +/- 927.0 mg/yr) compared with the CT genotype (142.3 +/- 142.3 mg/yr, p=0.016) and the CC genotype (391.7 +/- 272.7 mg/yr, p=0.047). In contrast, in patients with Crohn's disease there was no significant difference of the cumulative corticosteroid doses between the various T(-159)-->C promoter CD14 genotypes. An altered immune response to lipopolysaccharides with influence on the anti-inflammatory therapy seems to play a role in the genetic predisposition to ulcerative colitis. Genetic stratification will lead to the development of individualized therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Griga
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany.
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47
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Klein W, Tromm A, Folwaczny C, Hagedorn M, Duerig N, Epplen J, Schmiegel W, Griga T. The G2964A polymorphism of the STAT6 gene in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37:159-61. [PMID: 15888279 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Linkage of inflammatory bowel diseases to chromosome 12p13.2-q24.1 (IBD2) has been confirmed in several genome wide screens. The STAT6 gene is located within this chromosomal region. The transcription factor STAT6 is involved in the regulation of the TH1/TH2 immune response. Increased production of TH1 cytokines is crucial in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Therefore, we genotyped a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the STAT6 gene (G2964A) in 243 patients with Crohn's disease, 100 patients with ulcerative colitis and 548 healthy controls. RESULTS In comparison to controls, the G allele and the GG genotype frequencies were significantly increased only in Crohn's disease patients without a variation in the CARD15 gene (p<0.03 and p<0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the STAT6 pathway may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of distinct subgroups of patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Hagedorn M, Javerzat S, Gilges D, Meyre A, de Lafarge B, Eichmann A, Bikfalvi A. Accessing key steps of human tumor progression in vivo by using an avian embryo model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:1643-8. [PMID: 15665100 PMCID: PMC547849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0408622102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental in vivo tumor models are essential for comprehending the dynamic process of human cancer progression, identifying therapeutic targets, and evaluating antitumor drugs. However, current rodent models are limited by high costs, long experimental duration, variability, restricted accessibility to the tumor, and major ethical concerns. To avoid these shortcomings, we investigated whether tumor growth on the chick chorio-allantoic membrane after human glioblastoma cell grafting would replicate characteristics of the human disease. Avascular tumors consistently formed within 2 days, then progressed through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-dependent angiogenesis, associated with hemorrhage, necrosis, and peritumoral edema. Blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathways by using small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors abrogated tumor development. Gene regulation during the angiogenic switch was analyzed by oligonucleotide microarrays. Defined sample selection for gene profiling permitted identification of regulated genes whose functions are associated mainly with tumor vascularization and growth. Furthermore, expression of known tumor progression genes identified in the screen (IL-6 and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61) as well as potential regulators (lumican and F-box-only 6) follow similar patterns in patient glioma. The model reliably simulates key features of human glioma growth in a few days and thus could considerably increase the speed and efficacy of research on human tumor progression and preclinical drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagedorn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale E0113, Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis, University Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France.
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Hagedorn M, Peterson A, Mazur P, Kleinhans FW. High ice nucleation temperature of zebrafish embryos: slow-freezing is not an option. Cryobiology 2004; 49:181-9. [PMID: 15351689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although fish embryos have been used in a number of slow-freezing cryopreservation experiments, they have never been successfully cryopreserved. In part this is because little is known about whether ice forms within the embryo during the slow-freezing dehydration process. Therefore, we examined the temperature of intraembryonic ice formation (T(IIF)) and the temperature of extraembryonic ice formation (T(EIF)), using a cryomicroscope. We used both unmodified zebrafish embryos and those with water channels (aquaporin-3 or AQP3) inserted into their membranes to increase permeability to water and cryoprotectants, examined at 100% epiboly to the 6-somite stage. In these experiments we examined: (1) the spontaneous freezing of (external) solutions; (2) the spontaneous freezing of solutions containing embryos; (3) the effect of preloading the embryos with cryoprotectants on T(IIF); (4) whether preloading the embryos with cryoprotectant helps in survival after nucleating events in the solution; and (5) the damaging effects of extracellular nucleation events versus solution toxicity on the embryos. The solutes alone (embryo medium--EM, sucrose culture medium, 1 M propylene glycol in EM, and 1 M propylene glycol in a sucrose culture medium) froze at -14.9 +/- 1.1, -17.0 +/- 0.3, -17.8 +/- 1.0, and -17.7 +/- 1.4, respectively. There was no difference amongst these means (P > 0.05), thus adding cryoprotectant did not significantly lower the nucleation point. Adding embryos (preloaded with cryoprotectant or not) did not change the basic freezing characteristics of these solutes. In all these experiments, (T(EIF)) equaled (T(IIF)), and there was no difference in the freezing point of the solutions with or without the embryos (P > 0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in the freezing characteristics of embryos with and without aquaporins (P > 0.05). The formation of intraembryonic ice was lethal to the zebrafish embryos in all cases. But this lethal outcome was not related to solution injury effects, because 88-98% of embryos survived when exposed to a higher solute concentration with no ice present. Taken together, these data suggest that slow-freezing is not a suitable option for zebrafish embryos. The mechanism of this high temperature nucleation event in zebrafish embryos is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hagedorn
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
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Lance SL, Peterson AS, Hagedorn M. Developmental expression of aquaporin-3 in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2004; 138:251-8. [PMID: 15533783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Revised: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fish embryos have never been successfully cryopreserved because of the low permeability of cryoprotectants into the yolk. Recently, we used aquaporin-3 fused with a green fluorescent protein (AQP3GFP) to modify the zebrafish embryo, and demonstrated that the pores functioned physiologically. This increased the water and cryoprotectant permeability of the membranes. We have continued our work on AQP3-modified embryos and here we report their developmental expression of AQP3, the success of various culture media on their survival and development, and their reproductive success. The AQP3GFP expression begins within 30 m after the mRNA AQP3GFP injection into the yolk of the 1- to 4-cell embryo. This expression is distributed in the membranes throughout the blastoderm and the yolk syncytial layer within 24 h. It diminishes after 96 h. We found no difference in the survival or normal development of embryos from AQP3GFP or wild-type adults. Additionally, zebrafish embryos did not require special culture medium to survive after AQP3GFP modification. In fact, they survived best in embryo medium (ca. 40 mOsm). Embryos reared entirely in embryo medium had a higher percent survival and a higher percent normal development than those exposed to a high osmolality sucrose culture medium (ca. 330 mOsm). The mechanism whereby these embryos can maintain their internal osmolality in a hypoosmotic solution with water channels in their membranes is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Lance
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
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