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Matthaei A, Joecks S, Frauenstein A, Bruening J, Bankwitz D, Friesland M, Gerold G, Vieyres G, Kaderali L, Meissner F, Pietschmann T. Landscape of protein-protein interactions during hepatitis C virus assembly and release. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0256222. [PMID: 38230952 PMCID: PMC10846047 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02562-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles requires multiple cellular proteins including for instance apolipoprotein E (ApoE). To describe these protein-protein interactions, we performed an affinity purification mass spectrometry screen of HCV-infected cells. We used functional viral constructs with epitope-tagged envelope protein 2 (E2), protein (p) 7, or nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) as well as cells expressing a tagged variant of ApoE. We also evaluated assembly stage-dependent remodeling of protein complexes by using viral mutants carrying point mutations abrogating particle production at distinct steps of the HCV particle production cascade. Five ApoE binding proteins, 12 p7 binders, 7 primary E2 interactors, and 24 proteins interacting with NS4B were detected. Cell-derived PREB, STT3B, and SPCS2 as well as viral NS2 interacted with both p7 and E2. Only GTF3C3 interacted with E2 and NS4B, highlighting that HCV assembly and replication complexes exhibit largely distinct interactomes. An HCV core protein mutation, preventing core protein decoration of lipid droplets, profoundly altered the E2 interactome. In cells replicating this mutant, E2 interactions with HSPA5, STT3A/B, RAD23A/B, and ZNF860 were significantly enhanced, suggesting that E2 protein interactions partly depend on core protein functions. Bioinformatic and functional studies including STRING network analyses, RNA interference, and ectopic expression support a role of Rad23A and Rad23B in facilitating HCV infectious virus production. Both Rad23A and Rad23B are involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Collectively, our results provide a map of host proteins interacting with HCV assembly proteins, and they give evidence for the involvement of ER protein folding machineries and the ERAD pathway in the late stages of the HCV replication cycle.IMPORTANCEHepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes chronic infections in the majority of exposed individuals. This capacity likely depends on viral immune evasion strategies. One feature likely contributing to persistence is the formation of so-called lipo-viro particles. These peculiar virions consist of viral structural proteins and cellular lipids and lipoproteins, the latter of which aid in viral attachment and cell entry and likely antibody escape. To learn about how lipo-viro particles are coined, here, we provide a comprehensive overview of protein-protein interactions in virus-producing cells. We identify numerous novel and specific HCV E2, p7, and cellular apolipoprotein E-interacting proteins. Pathway analyses of these interactors show that proteins participating in processes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding, ER-associated protein degradation, and glycosylation are heavily engaged in virus production. Moreover, we find that the proteome of HCV replication sites is distinct from the assembly proteome, suggesting that transport process likely shuttles viral RNA to assembly sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Matthaei
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sebastian Joecks
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Annika Frauenstein
- RG Experimental Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Planegg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Janina Bruening
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bankwitz
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses,” Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- RG Experimental Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Planegg, Bavaria, Germany
- Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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2
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Meister TL, Friesland M, Frericks N, Wetzke M, Haid S, Steinmann J, Todt D, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Virucidal activity of oral, hand, and surface disinfectants against respiratory syncytial virus. J Hosp Infect 2023; 141:25-32. [PMID: 37625461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known as a major cause of respiratory tract infection in adults and children. Human-to-human transmission occurs via droplets as well as direct and indirect contact (e.g. contaminated surfaces or hands of medical staff). Therefore, applicable hygiene measures and knowledge about viral inactivation are of utmost importance. AIM To elucidate the disinfection profile of RSV. METHODS The study evaluated the virucidal efficacy of oral rinses specifically designed for children, World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended hand-rub formulations, and ethanol, as well as 2-propanol against RSV in a quantitative suspension test (EN14476). The stability of RSV on stainless steel discs was assessed and its inactivation by different surface disinfectants (EN16777) investigated. FINDINGS All tested oral rinses except one reduced infectious viral titres to the lower limit of quantification. The two WHO-recommended hand-rub formulations as well as 30% ethanol and 2-propanol completely abolished the detection of infectious virus. Infectious RSV was recovered after several days on stainless steel discs. However, RSV was efficiently inactivated by all tested surface disinfectants based on alcohol, aldehyde, or hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSION Oral rinses, all tested hand-rub formulations as well as surface inactivation reagents were sufficient for RSV inactivation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Meister
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Friesland
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Frericks
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Wetzke
- Clinic for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Haid
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Steinmann
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, General Hospital Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Todt
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - T Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Steinmann
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany.
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3
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Behrendt P, Friesland M, Wißmann JE, Kinast V, Stahl Y, Praditya D, Hueffner L, Nörenberg PM, Bremer B, Maasoumy B, Steinmann J, Becker B, Paulmann D, Brill FHH, Steinmann J, Ulrich RG, Brüggemann Y, Wedemeyer H, Todt D, Steinmann E. Hepatitis E virus is highly resistant to alcohol-based disinfectants. J Hepatol 2022; 76:1062-1069. [PMID: 35085595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide and is mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route or through consumption of contaminated food products. Due to the lack of efficient cell culture systems for the propagation of HEV, limited data regarding its sensitivity to chemical disinfectants are available. Consequently, preventive and evidence-based hygienic guidelines on HEV disinfection are lacking. METHODS We used a robust HEV genotype 3 cell culture model which enables quantification of viral infection of quasi-enveloped and naked HEV particles. For HEV genotype 1 infections, we used the primary isolate Sar55 in a fecal suspension. Standardized quantitative suspension tests using end point dilution and large-volume plating were performed for the determination of virucidal activity of alcohols (1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol), WHO disinfectant formulations and 5 different commercial hand disinfectants against HEV. Iodixanol gradients were conducted to elucidate the influence of ethanol on quasi-enveloped viral particles. RESULTS Naked and quasi-enveloped HEV was resistant to alcohols as well as alcohol-based formulations recommended by the WHO. Of the tested commercial hand disinfectants only 1 product displayed virucidal activity against HEV. This activity could be linked to phosphoric acid as an essential ingredient. Finally, we observed that ethanol and possibly non-active alcohol-based disinfectants disrupt the quasi-envelope structure of HEV particles, while leaving the highly transmissible and infectious naked virions intact. CONCLUSIONS Different alcohols and alcohol-based hand disinfectants were insufficient to eliminate HEV infectivity with the exception of 1 commercial ethanol-based product that included phosphoric acid. These findings have major implications for the development of measures to reduce viral transmission in clinical practice. LAY SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV) showed a high level of resistance to alcohols and alcohol-based hand disinfectants. The addition of phosphoric acid to alcohol was essential for virucidal activity against HEV. This information should be used to guide improved hygiene measures for the prevention of HEV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Behrendt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Wißmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Volker Kinast
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yannick Stahl
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimas Praditya
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lucas Hueffner
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia Maria Nörenberg
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Steinmann
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Britta Becker
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dajana Paulmann
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Florian H H Brill
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Institute for Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Clinic Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany.
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4
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Kinast V, Plociennikowska A, Anggakusuma, Bracht T, Todt D, Brown RJP, Boldanova T, Zhang Y, Brüggemann Y, Friesland M, Engelmann M, Vieyres G, Broering R, Vondran FWR, Heim MH, Sitek B, Bartenschlager R, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. C19orf66 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HCV replication that restricts formation of the viral replication organelle. J Hepatol 2020; 73:549-558. [PMID: 32294532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS HCV is a positive-strand RNA virus that primarily infects human hepatocytes. Recent studies have reported that C19orf66 is expressed as an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene; however, the intrinsic regulation of this gene within the liver as well as its antiviral effects against HCV remain elusive. METHODS Expression of C19orf66 was quantified in both liver biopsies and primary human hepatocytes, with or without HCV infection. Mechanistic studies of the potent anti-HCV phenotype mediated by C19orf66 were conducted using state-of-the-art virological, biochemical and genetic approaches, as well as correlative light and electron microscopy and transcriptome and proteome analysis. RESULTS Upregulation of C19orf66 mRNA was observed in both primary human hepatocytes upon HCV infection and in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). In addition, pegIFNα/ribavirin therapy induced C19orf66 expression in patients with CHC. Transcriptomic profiling and whole cell proteomics of hepatoma cells ectopically expressing C19orf66 revealed no induction of other antiviral genes. Expression of C19orf66 restricted HCV infection, whereas CRIPSPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of C19orf66 attenuated IFN-mediated suppression of HCV replication. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry identified a stress granule protein-dominated interactome of C19orf66. Studies with subgenomic HCV replicons and an expression system revealed that C19orf66 expression impairs HCV-induced elevation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, alters the morphology of the viral replication organelle (termed the membranous web) and thereby targets viral RNA replication. CONCLUSION C19orf66 is an IFN-stimulated gene, which is upregulated in hepatocytes within the first hours post IFN treatment or HCV infection in vivo. The encoded protein possesses specific antiviral activity against HCV and targets the formation of the membranous web. Our study identifies C19orf66 as an IFN-inducible restriction factor with a novel antiviral mechanism that specifically targets HCV replication. LAY SUMMARY Interferon-stimulated genes are thought to be important to for antiviral immune responses to HCV. Herein, we analysed C19orf66, an interferon-stimulated gene, which appears to inhibit HCV replication. It prevents the HCV-induced elevation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and alters the morphology of HCV's replication organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kinast
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Plociennikowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anggakusuma
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Vector Development department, research at uniQure, Paasheuvelweg 25A, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard J P Brown
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Tujana Boldanova
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Engelmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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5
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Praditya D, Friesland M, Gravemann U, Handke W, Todt D, Behrendt P, Müller TH, Steinmann E, Seltsam A. Hepatitis E virus is effectively inactivated in platelet concentrates by ultraviolet C light. Vox Sang 2020; 115:555-561. [PMID: 32383163 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES As previous investigations have shown, THERAFLEX UV-Platelets, a UVC-based pathogen inactivation (PI) system, is effective against non-enveloped transfusion-relevant viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), which are insensitive to most PI treatments for blood products. This study investigated the PI efficacy of THERAFLEX UV-Platelets against HEV in platelet concentrates (PCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Buffy coat-derived PCs in additive solution were spiked with cell culture-derived HEV and treated with the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system using various doses of UVC (0·05, 0·10, 0·15 and 0·20 (standard) J/cm2 ). Titres of infectious virus in pre- and post-treatment samples were determined using a large-volume plating assay to improve the detection limit of the virus assay. RESULTS THERAFLEX UV-Platelets dose-dependently inactivated HEV in PCs. The standard UVC dose inactivated the virus to below the limit of detection, corresponding to a mean log reduction of greater than 3·5. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system effectively inactivates HEV in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Praditya
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Wiebke Handke
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
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6
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Franz S, Friesland M, Passos V, Todt D, Simmons G, Goffinet C, Steinmann E. Susceptibility of Chikungunya Virus to Inactivation by Heat and Commercially and World Health Organization-Recommended Biocides. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1507-1510. [PMID: 29917109 PMCID: PMC6151073 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing clinical relevance of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection, caused by a rapidly emerging pathogen, recommended guidelines for its inactivation do not exist. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of CHIKV to inactivation by heat and commercially available hand, surface, and World Health Organization-recommended disinfectants to define CHIKV prevention protocols for healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Franz
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Vânia Passos
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Todt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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7
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Todt D, Moeller N, Praditya D, Kinast V, Friesland M, Engelmann M, Verhoye L, Sayed IM, Behrendt P, Dao Thi VL, Meuleman P, Steinmann E. The natural compound silvestrol inhibits hepatitis E virus (HEV) replication in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2018; 157:151-158. [PMID: 30036559 PMCID: PMC7113770 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans and a member of the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. HEV infections are the common cause of acute hepatitis but can also take chronic courses. Ribavirin is the treatment of choice for most patients and type I interferon (IFN) has been evaluated in a few infected transplantation patients in vivo. However, no effective and specific treatments against HEV infections are currently available. In this study, we evaluated the natural compound silvestrol, isolated from the plant Aglaia foveolata, and known for its specific inhibition of the DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A in state-of-the-art HEV experimental model systems. Silvestrol blocked HEV replication of different subgenomic replicons in a dose-dependent manner at low nanomolar concentrations and acted additive to ribavirin (RBV). In addition, HEV p6-based full length replication and production of infectious particles was reduced in the presence of silvestrol. A pangenotypic effect of the compound was further demonstrated with primary isolates from four different human genotypes in HEV infection experiments of hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. In vivo, HEV RNA levels rapidly declined in the feces of treated mice while no effect was observed in the vehicle treated control animals. In conclusion, silvestrol could be identified as pangenotypic HEV replication inhibitor in vitro with additive effect to RBV and further demonstrated high potency in vivo. The compound therefore may be considered in future treatment strategies of chronic hepatitis E in immunocompromised patients. The natural compound silvestrol is a potent inhibitor of HEV replication. HEV infection of laboratory and primary isolates could be inhibited by silvestrol. Silvestrol demonstrated high potency in human liver chimeric mice. Targeting translation initiation could be a novel antiviral strategy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Todt
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimas Praditya
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Kinast
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Engelmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lieven Verhoye
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Viet Loan Dao Thi
- Department of Virology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Knegendorf L, Drave SA, Dao Thi VL, Debing Y, Brown RJP, Vondran FWR, Resner K, Friesland M, Khera T, Engelmann M, Bremer B, Wedemeyer H, Behrendt P, Neyts J, Pietschmann T, Todt D, Steinmann E. Hepatitis E virus replication and interferon responses in human placental cells. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:173-187. [PMID: 29404525 PMCID: PMC5796324 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae and the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans. HEV is a major health problem in developing countries, causing mortality rates up to 25% in pregnant women. However, these cases are mainly reported for HEV genotype (gt)1, while gt3 infections are usually associated with subclinical courses of disease. The pathogenic mechanisms of adverse maternal and fetal outcome during pregnancy in HEV-infected pregnant women remain elusive. In this study, we observed that HEV is capable of completing the full viral life cycle in placental-derived cells (JEG-3). Following transfection of JEG-3 cells, HEV replication of both HEV gts could be observed. Furthermore, determination of extracellular and intracellular viral capsid levels, infectivity, and biophysical properties revealed production of HEV infectious particles with similar characteristics as in liver-derived cells. Viral entry was analyzed by infection of target cells and detection of either viral RNA or staining for viral capsid protein by immunofluorescence. HEV gt1 and gt3 were efficiently inhibited by ribavirin in placental as well as in human hepatoma cells. In contrast, interferon-α sensitivity was lower in the placental cells compared to liver cells for gt1 but not gt3 HEV. Simultaneous determination of interferon-stimulated gene expression levels demonstrated an efficient HEV-dependent restriction in JEG-3. Conclusion: We showed differential tissue-specific host responses to HEV genotypes, adding to our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to fatal outcomes of HEV infections during pregnancy. Using this cell-culture system, new therapeutic options for HEV during pregnancy can be identified and evaluated. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:173-187).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Knegendorf
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Svenja A. Drave
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Viet Loan Dao Thi
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious DiseaseRockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Yannick Debing
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Richard J. P. Brown
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
| | - Kathrin Resner
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Tanvi Khera
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Michael Engelmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannoverGermany
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9
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Siddharta A, Pfaender S, Vielle NJ, Dijkman R, Friesland M, Becker B, Yang J, Engelmann M, Todt D, Windisch MP, Brill FH, Steinmann J, Steinmann J, Becker S, Alves MP, Pietschmann T, Eickmann M, Thiel V, Steinmann E. Virucidal Activity of World Health Organization-Recommended Formulations Against Enveloped Viruses, Including Zika, Ebola, and Emerging Coronaviruses. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:902-906. [PMID: 28453839 PMCID: PMC5407053 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) published 2 alcohol-based formulations to be used in healthcare settings and for outbreak-associated infections, but inactivation efficacies of these products have not been determined against (re-)emerging viruses. In this study, we evaluated the virucidal activity of these WHO products in a comparative analysis. Zika virus (ZIKV), Ebola virus (EBOV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as (re-)emerging viral pathogens and other enveloped viruses could be efficiently inactivated by both WHO formulations, implicating their use in healthcare systems and viral outbreak situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Siddharta
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Department of Infectious diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Jane Vielle
- Department of Infectious diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Department of Infectious diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Becker
- Dr Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jaewon Yang
- Applied Molecular Virology, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Michael Engelmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc P Windisch
- Applied Molecular Virology, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Florian H Brill
- Dr Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Steinmann
- Dr Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute for Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco P Alves
- Department of Infectious diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Eickmann
- Institute for Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Department of Infectious diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Weller R, Todt D, Engelmann M, Friesland M, Wedemeyer H, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and their protective effect on hepatitis E virus replication. Hepatology 2016; 64:2274-2276. [PMID: 27541341 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Weller
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Engelmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
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11
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Drave SA, Debing Y, Walter S, Todt D, Engelmann M, Friesland M, Wedemeyer H, Neyts J, Behrendt P, Steinmann E. Extra-hepatic replication and infection of hepatitis E virus in neuronal-derived cells. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:512-21. [PMID: 26891712 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans and a member of the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. Infection usually leads to acute hepatitis that can become fulminant, particularly among pregnant women and in patients with preexisting liver disease, or may evolve to a chronic state, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. HEV has been shown to produce a range of extra-hepatic manifestations including aplastic anaemia, acute thyroiditis, glomerulonephritis as well as neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy and encephalitis. The pathogenesis of these neurological injuries remains largely unknown, and it is also uncertain whether or not HEV can directly infect neuronal cells. In this study, we investigated whether HEV is capable of completing the viral life cycle in human neuronal-derived cell lines such as neuroepithelioma (SK-N-MC), desmoplastic cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY), glioblastoma multiforme (DBTRG), glioblastoma astrocytoma (U-373 MG) and oligodendrocytic (M03.13) cells. Following transfection of these cells with HEV Gaussia luciferase reporter virus, all tested cell lines supported HEV RNA replication. Furthermore, extra- and intracellular viral capsid was detected by an HEV antigen ELISA as a marker for virus assembly and release. Permissiveness for HEV cell entry could be demonstrated for the oligodendrocytic cell line M03.13. In conclusion, these results indicate that HEV tropism is not restricted to the liver and HEV can potentially complete the full viral life cycle in neuronal-derived tissues explaining neurologic disorders during HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Drave
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Y Debing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Walter
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - D Todt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - M Engelmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - M Friesland
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - H Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Behrendt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Steinmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
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12
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Mingorance L, Vasallo C, Friesland M, Gastaminza P. Infection Experiments (Hepatitis C Virus). Bio Protoc 2015. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Doerrbecker J, Friesland M, Riebesehl N, Ginkel C, Behrendt P, Brown RJP, Ciesek S, Wedemeyer H, Sarrazin C, Kaderali L, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Incorporation of primary patient-derived glycoproteins into authentic infectious hepatitis C virus particles. Hepatology 2014; 60:508-20. [PMID: 24771613 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Japanese fulminant hepatitis-1 (JFH1)-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection system has permitted analysis of the complete viral replication cycle in vitro. However, lack of robust infection systems for primary, patient-derived isolates limits systematic functional studies of viral intrahost variation and vaccine development. Therefore, we aimed at developing cell culture models for incorporation of primary patient-derived glycoproteins into infectious HCV particles for in-depth mechanistic studies of envelope gene function. To this end, we first constructed a packaging cell line expressing core, p7, and NS2 based on the highly infectious Jc1 genotype (GT) 2a chimeric genome. We show that this packaging cell line can be transfected with HCV replicons encoding cognate Jc1-derived glycoprotein genes for production of single-round infectious particles by way of trans-complementation. Testing replicons expressing representative envelope protein genes from all major HCV genotypes, we observed that virus production occurred in a genotype- and isolate-dependent fashion. Importantly, primary GT 2 patient-derived glycoproteins were efficiently incorporated into infectious particles. Moreover, replacement of J6 (GT 2a) core, p7, and NS2 with GT 1a-derived H77 proteins allowed production of infectious HCV particles with GT 1 patient-derived glycoproteins. Notably, adaptive mutations known to enhance virus production from GT 1a-2a chimeric genomes further increased virus release. Finally, virus particles with primary patient-derived E1-E2 proteins possessed biophysical properties comparable to Jc1 HCVcc particles, used CD81 for cell entry, were associated with ApoE and could be neutralized by immune sera. CONCLUSION This work describes cell culture systems for production of infectious HCV particles with primary envelope protein genes from GT 1 and GT 2-infected patients, thus opening up new opportunities to dissect envelope gene function in an individualized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Doerrbecker
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore, and Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany, and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Mingorance L, Friesland M, Coto-Llerena M, Pérez-del-Pulgar S, Boix L, López-Oliva JM, Bruix J, Forns X, Gastaminza P. Selective inhibition of hepatitis C virus infection by hydroxyzine and benztropine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3451-60. [PMID: 24709263 PMCID: PMC4068423 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02619-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major biomedical problem worldwide as it causes severe liver disease in millions of humans around the world. Despite the recent approval of specific drugs targeting HCV replication to be used in combination with alpha interferon (IFN-α) and ribavirin, there is still an urgent need for pangenotypic, interferon-free therapies to fight this genetically diverse group of viruses. In this study, we used an unbiased screening cell culture assay to interrogate a chemical library of compounds approved for clinical use in humans. This system enables identifying nontoxic antiviral compounds targeting every aspect of the viral life cycle, be the target viral or cellular. The aim of this study was to identify drugs approved for other therapeutic applications in humans that could be effective components of combination therapies against HCV. As a result of this analysis, we identified 12 compounds with antiviral activity in cell culture, some of which had previously been identified as HCV inhibitors with antiviral activity in cell culture and had been shown to be effective in patients. We selected two novel HCV antivirals, hydroxyzine and benztropine, to characterize them by determining their specificity and genotype spectrum as well as by defining the step of the replication cycle targeted by these compounds. We found that both compounds effectively inhibited viral entry at a postbinding step of genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 without affecting entry of other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mingorance
- Centro Nacional De Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Friesland
- Centro Nacional De Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Loreto Boix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel López-Oliva
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Centro Nacional De Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Pfaender S, Heyden J, Friesland M, Ciesek S, Ejaz A, Steinmann J, Steinmann J, Malarski A, Stoiber H, Tsiavaliaris G, Bader W, Jahreis G, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Inactivation of hepatitis C virus infectivity by human breast milk. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1943-52. [PMID: 24068703 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread through direct contact with blood, although alternative routes of transmission may contribute to the global burden. Perinatal infection occurs in up to 5% of HCV-infected mothers, and presence of HCV RNA in breast milk has been reported. We investigated the influence of breast milk on HCV infectiousness. METHODS/RESULTS Human breast milk reduced HCV infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was species-specific because milk from various animals did not inhibit HCV infection. Treatment of HCV with human breast milk did not compromise integrity of viral RNA or capsids but destroyed the lipid envelope. Fractionation of breast milk revealed that the antiviral activity is present in the cream fraction containing the fat. Proteolytic digestion of milk proteins had no influence on its antiviral activity, whereas prolonged storage at 4°C increased antiviral activity. Notably, pretreatment with a lipase inhibitor ablated the antiviral activity and specific free fatty acids of breast milk were antiviral. CONCLUSIONS The antiviral activity of breast milk is linked to endogenous lipase-dependent generation of free fatty acids, which destroy the viral lipid envelope. Therefore, nursing by HCV-positive mothers is unlikely to play a major role in vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pfaender
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, Hannover 30625, Germany
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16
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Doerrbecker J, Meuleman P, Kang J, Riebesehl N, Wilhelm C, Friesland M, Pfaender S, Steinmann J, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Thermostability of seven hepatitis C virus genotypes in vitro and in vivo. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:478-85. [PMID: 23730841 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted primarily through percutaneous exposure to contaminated blood especially in healthcare settings and among people who inject drugs. The environmental stability of HCV has been extrapolated from studies with the bovine viral diarrhoea virus or was so far only addressed with HCV genotype 2a viruses. The aim of this study was to compare the environmental and thermostability of all so far known seven HCV genotypes in vitro and in vivo. Incubation experiments at room temperature revealed that all HCV genotypes showed similar environmental stabilities in suspension with viral infectivity detectable for up to 28 days. The risk of HCV infection may not accurately be reflected by determination of HCV RNA levels. However, viral stability and transmission risks assessed from in vitro experiments correlated with viral infectivity in transgenic mice containing human liver xenografts. A reduced viral stability for up to 2 days was observed at 37 °C with comparable decays for all HCV genotypes confirmed by thermodynamic analysis. These results demonstrate that different HCV genotypes possess comparable stability in the environment and that noninfectious particles after incubation in vitro do not cause infection in an HCV in vivo model. These findings are important for estimation of HCV cross-transmission in the environment and indicate that different HCV genotypes do not display an altered stability or resistance at certain temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Doerrbecker
- Division of Experimental Virology, Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7-9, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Friesland M, Mingorance L, Chung J, Chisari FV, Gastaminza P. Sigma-1 receptor regulates early steps of viral RNA replication at the onset of hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 2013; 87:6377-90. [PMID: 23536676 PMCID: PMC3648129 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03557-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome replication is thought to occur in a membranous cellular compartment derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The molecular mechanisms by which these membrane-associated replication complexes are formed during HCV infection are only starting to be unraveled, and both viral and cellular factors contribute to their formation. In this study, we describe the discovery of nonopioid sigma-1 receptor (S1R) as a cellular factor that mediates the early steps of viral RNA replication. S1R is a cholesterol-binding protein that resides in lipid-rich areas of the ER and in mitochondrion-associated ER membranes (MAMs). Several functions have been ascribed to this ER-resident chaperone, many of which are related to Ca(2+) signaling at the MAMs and lipid storage and trafficking. Downregulation of S1R expression by RNA interference (RNAi) in Huh-7 cells leads to a proportional decrease in susceptibility to HCV infection, as shown by reduced HCV RNA accumulation and intra- and extracellular infectivity in single-cycle infection experiments. Similar RNAi studies in persistently infected cells indicate that S1R expression is not rate limiting for persistent HCV RNA replication, as marked reduction in S1R in these cells does not lead to any decrease in HCV RNA or viral protein expression. However, subgenomic replicon transfection experiments indicate that S1R expression is rate limiting for HCV RNA replication without impairing primary translation. Overall, our data indicate that the initial steps of HCV infection are regulated by S1R, a key component of MAMs, suggesting that these structures could serve as platforms for initial RNA replication during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Friesland
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Mingorance
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josan Chung
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francis V. Chisari
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Gentzsch J, Brohm C, Steinmann E, Friesland M, Menzel N, Vieyres G, Perin PM, Frentzen A, Kaderali L, Pietschmann T. hepatitis c Virus p7 is critical for capsid assembly and envelopment. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003355. [PMID: 23658526 PMCID: PMC3642076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 is a membrane-associated ion channel protein crucial for virus production. To analyze how p7 contributes to this process, we dissected HCV morphogenesis into sub-steps including recruitment of HCV core to lipid droplets (LD), virus capsid assembly, unloading of core protein from LDs and subsequent membrane envelopment of capsids. Interestingly, we observed accumulation of slowly sedimenting capsid-like structures lacking the viral envelope in cells transfected with HCV p7 mutant genomes which possess a defect in virion production. Concomitantly, core protein was enriched at the surface of LDs. This indicates a defect in core/capsid unloading from LDs and subsequent membrane envelopment rather than defective trafficking of core to this cellular organelle. Protease and ribonuclease digestion protection assays, rate zonal centrifugation and native, two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed increased amounts of high-order, non-enveloped core protein complexes unable to protect viral RNA in cells transfected with p7 mutant genomes. These results suggest accumulation of capsid assembly intermediates that had not yet completely incorporated viral RNA in the absence of functional p7. Thus, functional p7 is necessary for the final steps of capsid assembly as well as for capsid envelopment. These results support a model where capsid assembly is linked with membrane envelopment of nascent RNA-containing core protein multimers, a process coordinated by p7. In summary, we provide novel insights into the sequence of HCV assembly events and essential functions of p7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Gentzsch
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Brohm
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Menzel
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Paula Monteiro Perin
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Frentzen
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medical Faculty, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
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19
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Vieyres G, Brohm C, Friesland M, Gentzsch J, Wölk B, Roingeard P, Steinmann E, Pietschmann T. Subcellular localization and function of an epitope-tagged p7 viroporin in hepatitis C virus-producing cells. J Virol 2013; 87:1664-78. [PMID: 23175364 PMCID: PMC3554161 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02782-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) viroporin p7 is crucial for production of infectious viral progeny. However, its role in the viral replication cycle remains incompletely understood, in part due to the poor availability of p7-specific antibodies. To circumvent this obstacle, we inserted two consecutive hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tags at its N terminus. HA-tagged p7 reduced peak virus titers ca. 10-fold and decreased kinetics of virus production compared to the wild-type virus. However, HA-tagged p7 rescued virus production of a mutant virus lacking p7, thus providing formal proof that the tag does not disrupt p7 function. In HCV-producing cells, p7 displayed a reticular staining pattern which colocalized with the HCV envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2) but also partially with viral nonstructural proteins 2, 3, and 5A. Using coimmunoprecipitation, we confirmed a specific interaction between p7 and NS2, whereas we did not detect a stable interaction with core, E2, or NS5A. Moreover, we did not observe p7 incorporation into affinity-purified virus particles. Consistently, there was no evidence supporting a role of p7 in viral entry, as an anti-HA antibody was not able to neutralize Jc1 virus produced from an HA-p7-tagged genome. Collectively, these findings highlight a stable interaction between p7 and NS2 which is likely crucial for production of infectious HCV particles. Use of this functional epitope-tagged p7 variant should facilitate the analysis of the final steps of the HCV replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Brohm
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Gentzsch
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benno Wölk
- Institute of Virology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U966, Université François Rabelais, and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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Steinmann E, Gravemann U, Friesland M, Doerrbecker J, Müller TH, Pietschmann T, Seltsam A. Two pathogen reduction technologies--methylene blue plus light and shortwave ultraviolet light--effectively inactivate hepatitis C virus in blood products. Transfusion 2012; 53:1010-8. [PMID: 22905868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination of blood products with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause infections resulting in acute and chronic liver diseases. Pathogen reduction methods such as photodynamic treatment with methylene blue (MB) plus visible light as well as irradiation with shortwave ultraviolet (UVC) light were developed to inactivate viruses and other pathogens in plasma and platelet concentrates (PCs), respectively. So far, their inactivation capacities for HCV have only been tested in inactivation studies using model viruses for HCV. Recently, a HCV infection system for the propagation of infectious HCV in cell culture was developed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Inactivation studies were performed with cell culture-derived HCV and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a model for HCV. Plasma units or PCs were spiked with high titers of cell culture-grown viruses. After treatment of the blood units with MB plus light (Theraflex MB-Plasma system, MacoPharma) or UVC (Theraflex UV-Platelets system, MacoPharma), residual viral infectivity was assessed using sensitive cell culture systems. RESULTS HCV was sensitive to inactivation by both pathogen reduction procedures. HCV in plasma was efficiently inactivated by MB plus light below the detection limit already by 1/12 of the full light dose. HCV in PCs was inactivated by UVC irradiation with a reduction factor of more than 5 log. BVDV was less sensitive to the two pathogen reduction methods. CONCLUSIONS Functional assays with human HCV offer an efficient tool to directly assess the inactivation capacity of pathogen reduction procedures. Pathogen reduction technologies such as MB plus light treatment and UVC irradiation have the potential to significantly reduce transfusion-transmitted HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Steinmann
- Division of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Ciesek S, von Hahn T, Colpitts CC, Schang LM, Friesland M, Steinmann J, Manns MP, Ott M, Wedemeyer H, Meuleman P, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. The green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits hepatitis C virus entry. Hepatology 2011; 54:1947-55. [PMID: 21837753 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current antiviral therapy fails to clear infection in a substantial proportion of cases. Drug development is focused on nonstructural proteins required for RNA replication. Individuals undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation face rapid, universal reinfection of the graft. Therefore, antiviral strategies targeting the early stages of infection are urgently needed for the prevention of HCV infection. In this study, we identified the polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as an inhibitor of HCV entry. Green tea catechins, such as EGCG and its derivatives, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC), have been previously found to exert antiviral and antioncogenic properties. EGCG had no effect on HCV RNA replication, assembly, or release of progeny virions. However, it potently inhibited Cell-culture-derived HCV (HCVcc) entry into hepatoma cell lines as well as primary human hepatocytes. The effect was independent of the HCV genotype, and both infection of cells by extracellular virions and cell-to-cell spread were blocked. Pretreatment of cells with EGCG before HCV inoculation did not reduce HCV infection, whereas the application of EGCG during inoculation strongly inhibited HCV infectivity. Moreover, treatment with EGCG directly during inoculation strongly inhibited HCV infectivity. Expression levels of all known HCV (co-)receptors were unaltered by EGCG. Finally, we showed that EGCG inhibits viral attachment to the cell, thus disrupting the initial step of HCV cell entry. CONCLUSION The green tea molecule, EGCG, potently inhibits HCV entry and could be part of an antiviral strategy aimed at the prevention of HCV reinfection after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ciesek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Doerrbecker J, Friesland M, Ciesek S, Erichsen TJ, Mateu-Gelabert P, Steinmann J, Steinmann J, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Inactivation and survival of hepatitis C virus on inanimate surfaces. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1830-8. [PMID: 22013220 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cross-contamination from inanimate surfaces or objects has been implicated in transmission of HCV in health-care settings and among injection drug users. We established HCV-based carrier and drug transmission assays that simulate practical conditions to study inactivation and survival of HCV on inanimate surfaces. METHODS Studies were performed with authentic cell culture derived viruses. HCV was dried on steel discs and biocides were tested for their virucidal efficacy against HCV. Infectivity was determined by a limiting dilution assay. HCV stability was analyzed in a carrier assay for several days or in a drug transmission assay using a spoon as cooker. RESULTS HCV can be dried and recovered efficiently in the carrier assay. The most effective alcohol to inactivate the virus was 1-propanol, and commercially available disinfectants reduced infectivity of HCV to undetectable levels. Viral infectivity on inanimate surfaces was detectable in the presence of serum for up to 5 days, and temperatures of about 65-70°C were required to eliminate infectivity in the drug transmission assay. CONCLUSIONS These findings are important for assessment of HCV transmission risks and should facilitate the definition of stringent public health interventions to prevent HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Doerrbecker
- Division of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical, Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Germany
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Steinmann E, Ciesek S, Friesland M, Erichsen TJ, Pietschmann T. Prolonged survival of hepatitis C virus in the anesthetic propofol. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:963-4. [PMID: 21880582 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Bürgel B, Friesland M, Koch A, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H, Weissenborn K, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E, Ciesek S. Hepatitis C virus enters human peripheral neuroblastoma cells - evidence for extra-hepatic cells sustaining hepatitis C virus penetration. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:562-70. [PMID: 20579278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection show an increased incidence of nervous system disorders such as chronic fatigue syndrome, depression and cognitive dysfunction. It is unclear whether this is because of HCV replication in the brain and in peripheral neuronal cells or to more indirect effects of HCV infection on the central or peripheral nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cells originating from these tissues are permissive for HCV cell entry, RNA replication and virus assembly. Among eight cell lines analysed, the human peripheral neuroblastoma cell line SKNMC expressed all HCV entry factors and was efficiently infected with HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) independent of the HCV genotype. All remaining cell types including human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines and microglial cells lacked expression of at least one host factor essential for HCV entry. When transfected with HCV luciferase reporter virus RNA, inoculated with HCV reporter viruses or challenged with high-titre cell culture-derived HCV, none of these cells supported detectable HCV RNA replication. Thus, in conclusion, this comprehensive screening did not reveal evidence directly strengthening the notion that HCV enters and replicates in the central nervous system. However, productive viral entry into the peripheral neuroblastoma cell line SKNMC indicates that HCV may penetrate into certain nonhepatic cell types which may serve as viral reservoirs and could modulate viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bürgel
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Medical School Hannover (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
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25
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Frentzen A, Hüging K, Bitzegeio J, Friesland M, Haid S, Gentzsch J, Hoffmann M, Lindemann D, Zimmer G, Zielecki F, Weber F, Steinmann E, Pietschmann T. Completion of hepatitis C virus replication cycle in heterokaryons excludes dominant restrictions in human non-liver and mouse liver cell lines. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002029. [PMID: 21552323 PMCID: PMC3084199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is hepatotropic and only infects humans and chimpanzees. Consequently, an immunocompetent small animal model is lacking. The restricted tropism of HCV likely reflects specific host factor requirements. We investigated if dominant restriction factors expressed in non-liver or non-human cell lines inhibit HCV propagation thus rendering these cells non-permissive. To this end we explored if HCV completes its replication cycle in heterokaryons between human liver cell lines and non-permissive cell lines from human non-liver or mouse liver origin. Despite functional viral pattern recognition pathways and responsiveness to interferon, virus production was observed in all fused cells and was only ablated when cells were treated with exogenous interferon. These results exclude that constitutive or virus-induced expression of dominant restriction factors prevents propagation of HCV in these cell types, which has important implications for HCV tissue and species tropism. In turn, these data strongly advocate transgenic approaches of crucial human HCV cofactors to establish an immunocompetent small animal model. The barriers preventing viral transmission across species are only incompletely understood. On one hand, narrow tropism reflects dependence of viruses on host cell factors and their species-specific utilization. On the other hand, host cellular antiviral factors can preclude virus replication. These may be constitutively expressed or induced by interferon triggered upon viral infection. Although viruses have evolved strategies to cope with these “restriction factors” in their natural hosts, these mechanisms often fail in alternative host species. Consequently, restriction factors pose an important barrier to cross-species viral transmission. We investigated if virus-induced or constitutively expressed dominant restriction factors preclude HCV propagation in non-liver tissue and in non-human cells. Using cell fusions between human and mouse cells we show that HCV completes its replication cycle in these heterokaryons. Moreover, we show that the mouse cells analyzed by us are able to sense viral infection and to respond to exogenous interferon. These results rule out that constitutive or virus-induced dominant restriction factors preclude HCV propagation in these cells. These findings have implications for HCV tissue and species tropism and they raise hopes for development of immunocompetent small models for HCV by transgenesis of essential human factors and without manipulation of innate immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Frentzen
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hüging
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Bitzegeio
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Friesland
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibylle Haid
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Gentzsch
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Institute of Virology, Carl Gustav Carus Medical Facility, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Zielecki
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (TP); (ES)
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (TP); (ES)
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26
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Ciesek S, Friesland M, Steinmann J, Becker B, Wedemeyer H, Manns MP, Steinmann J, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. How stable is the hepatitis C virus (HCV)? Environmental stability of HCV and its susceptibility to chemical biocides. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:1859-66. [PMID: 20441517 DOI: 10.1086/652803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of a cell culture system for propagation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the antiviral activity of disinfectants against HCV was extrapolated from studies with the bovine viral diarrhea virus. The recent development of an HCV infection system allowed the direct assessment of environmental stability and susceptibility to chemical disinfectants. METHODS Studies were performed using cell-culture grown HCV. Infectivity was determined by limiting dilutions. HCV RNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genome stability was determined by transfection of recovered RNA into Huh7.5 cells and immunostaining. RESULTS HCV infectivity in a liquid environment was detectable for up to 5 month at lower temperatures. The risk of HCV infections may not accurately be reflected by determination of HCV RNA levels, because viral infectivity and HCV RNA copy numbers did not directly correlate. Different alcohols and commercially available antiseptics reduced the infectivity of HCV to undetectable levels. However, diluting the hand disinfectants abrogated the virucidal activity. CONCLUSIONS This study assessed the environmental stability and susceptibility to chemical biocides of HCV. The results should be useful in defining rigorous disinfection protocols to prevent nosocomial transmission of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ciesek
- Division of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Joint venture between Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Steinmann J, Becker B, Bischoff B, Paulmann D, Friesland M, Pietschmann T, Steinmann J, Steinmann E. Virucidal activity of 2 alcohol-based formulations proposed as hand rubs by the World Health Organization. Am J Infect Control 2010; 38:66-8. [PMID: 19900740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The virucidal activity of 2 hand rubs proposed by the World Health Organization was studied in a quantitative suspension test for chemical disinfectants and antiseptics in human medicine (EN 14476). These formulations are recommended if no hand rubs with declared microbiological activity are available in health care settings. Formulation I, based on ethanol, inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), adenovirus, and murine norovirus as a surrogate for human norovirus. Formulation II, based on isopropyl alcohol, was active only against adenovirus and enveloped viruses, such as BVDV and HCV. Both formulations failed to inactivate poliovirus by 4 log(10) steps within 300 seconds.
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