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Amini H, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Ghanei M, Abolghasemi J, Salesi M, Vahedian Azimi A, Sahebkar A. Standardised mortality ratios in people exposed to sulphur mustard during the Iran-Iraq war: a retrospective study with 39-year follow-up. Public Health 2024; 227:86-94. [PMID: 38141270 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sulphur mustard (SM) is a chemical weapon agent that was extensively used by Iraqi troops during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988), resulting in exposure among Iranian military personnel and civilians. However, there is limited and conflicting information about the long-term mortality effects of SM exposure. This study aimed to determine the standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) in individuals exposed to SM gas during the Iran-Iraq war. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective follow-up study. METHODS Data were obtained from the Veterans and Martyr Affair Foundation of Iran (VMAF) regarding all confirmed individuals who were exposed to SM during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988) up to 30 March 2019. The mortality rate, cumulative mortality and SMR with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess mortality in chemical warfare survivors (CWS), and results were compared with the general Iranian population. Overall survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier curve, and the log-rank test was employed to compare survival probability across different categories. RESULTS Among the 48,067 confirmed CWS, a total of 4358 (9.1 %) individuals had died by the end of the study period (30 March 2019), with a mean age of 55.5 ± 14.4 years at the time of death. Overall, at the 39-year follow-up, the mortality rate due to all causes of death for people who were exposed to SM was lower than the general Iranian population (SMR: 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.68-0.72). However, cause-specific SMR analysis showed that the mortality rate due to liver cancer (SMR: 1.98, 95 % CI: 1.59-2.45), poisonings (SMR: 1.92, 95 % CI: 1.52-2.38), respiratory disorders (SMR: 1.59, 95 % CI: 1.46-1.73) and multiple myeloma (SMR: 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.06-2.62) were approximately twofold higher in CWS than the general population. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the mortality effects of SM exposure among the Iranian population affected by the Iran-Iraq war. The results emphasise the importance of continued monitoring and support for individuals exposed to SM, particularly in the context of managing and addressing the heightened risks associated with liver cancer, poisonings, respiratory disorders and multiple myeloma. Further research and interventions may be necessary to mitigate these specific health challenges in the affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Amini
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Solaymani-Dodaran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - M Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - J Abolghasemi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Salesi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Vahedian Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Shirani-Bidabadi L, Oshaghi MA, Enayati AA, Akhavan AA, Zahraei-Ramazani AR, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Rassi Y, Aghaei-Afshar A, Koosha M, Arandian MH, Ghanei M, Ghassemi M, Vatandoost H. Molecular and Biochemical Detection of Insecticide Resistance in the Leishmania Vector, Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Pyrethroids, in Central Iran. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1347-1354. [PMID: 35595289 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore resistance markers and possible biochemical resistance mechanisms in the Phlebotomine sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi in Esfahan Province, central Iran. Homogenous resistant strains of sand flies were obtained by exposing P. papatasi collected from Esfahan to a single diagnostic dose of DDT. The adults from the colony were tested with papers impregnated with four pyrethroid insecticides: Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Cyfluthrin 0.15%, and Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% to determine levels of cross-resistance. To discover the presence of mutations, a 440 base pair fragment of the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene was amplified and sequenced in both directions for the susceptible and resistant colonies. We also assayed the amount of four enzymes that play a key role in insecticide detoxification in the resistant colonies. A resistance ratio (RR) of 2.52 folds was achieved during the selection of resistant strains. Sequence analysis revealed no knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the VGSC gene. Enzyme activity ratio of the resistant candidate and susceptible colonies were calculated for α-esterases (3.78), β-esterases (3.72), mixed function oxidases (MFO) (3.21), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) (1.59). No cross-resistance to the four pyrethroids insecticides was observed in the DDT resistant colony. The absence of kdr mutations in the VGSC gene suggests that alterations in esterase and MFO enzymes are responsible for the resistant of P. papatasi to DDT in central Iran. This information could have significant predictive utility in managing insecticide resistant in this Leishmania vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shirani-Bidabadi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Enayati
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Zahraei-Ramazani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yavar Rassi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abass Aghaei-Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mona Koosha
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Arandian
- Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanei
- Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghassemi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jafari R, Abdoli H, Arandian MH, Shareghi N, Ghanei M, Jalali-Zand N, Nekoeian S, Veysi A, Montazeri A, Ghasemi A, Ramazanpour J, Fadaei R, Akhavan AA. Emerging of Cutaneous Leishmaniais Due to Leishmania major in a New Focus in Esfahan Province, Central Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2020; 14:134-143. [PMID: 33365341 PMCID: PMC7738932 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v14i2.3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esfahan Province is considered as one of the main focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Recently, ZCL distribution is expanding through this province leading to report of new cases in non-endemic areas. In the current study epidemiological aspects of ZCL has been investigated in Naein County in Esfahan Province. Methods: Adult sand flies were collected from beginning to the end of their seasonal activity. Rodents were caught by Sherman live traps once a month for one year. To active case detection, a hundred households in each selected village were visited in November and December 2016. Nested-PCR was employed to detect Leishmania parasite in the vector, reservoir and human. Results: Totally 1562 sand flies including Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus papatasi, Sergentomyia sintoni and Sergentomyia mervinae were collected and identified. No Leishmania infection was detected in the collected sand flies. All of the 30 collected rodents were identified as Rhombomys opimus, and of these 3.3% and 26.7% were infected by Leishmania major using microscopic and molecular technique respectively. Totally, 914 individuals were investigated and the ulcer and scar rates of ZCL calculated to be at 1.1 and 15.3 per 1000 population, respectively. Molecular results confirmed L. major infection in human and reservoir samples. Conclusion: It is concluded that ZCL is established in the area in low endemicity, and it is extrapolated the disease will not be a serious increasing health problem in the near future in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jafari
- Esfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdoli
- Esfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Arandian
- Esfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Nilofar Shareghi
- Esfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanei
- Esfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Nilofar Jalali-Zand
- Esfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Nekoeian
- Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arshad Veysi
- Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Montazeri
- Naein Health Care Network, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirabdollah Ghasemi
- Naein Health Care Network, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Ramazanpour
- Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghanei M, Arnrup K, Robertson A. Procedural pain in routine dental care for children: a part of the Swedish BITA study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:365-372. [PMID: 30194611 PMCID: PMC6208776 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the frequency and reported intensity levels of dental treatment pain and discomfort in children, in conjunction with regular dental visits. METHODS The study included 2363 children in four different age cohorts. Data was collected from structured interviews by dental personnel regarding pain experiences or discomfort after treatments, including analgesia, extractions, operative treatments and radiographic examinations. RESULTS One-third of all treatment occasions were experienced as painful and/or causing discomfort. Treatment sessions including analgesia were assessed as painful in 49.7% of occasions, with injection being the most common given reason for pain. Extraction was painful in 62.4% of occasions, with injection as the main reason for pain. Operative treatments were assessed as painful in 38.8% of occasions, with drilling as the most common reason for pain and discomfort. Pain was reported in approximately 19% of all radiographic examinations. CONCLUSIONS Injection was the major reason for pain during treatment, including injection and extraction, while drilling was the most common cause of pain during restorative treatment. Dentists should try to minimise the experience of pain and discomfort by using all available measures to perform pain-free and effective dental injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanei
- Public Dental Service, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - K Arnrup
- Dental Research Department, Public Dental Service, Örebro, Region Örebro County, Sweden
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Robertson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 450, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Sadeghi SA, Aghasadeghi MR, Amiran MR, Bahramali G, Rahimi P, Owlia P, Ghanei M, Moravej SZ, Shahbazi S, Divbandi M, Motevalli F, Hamidi-Fard M. Cloning and expression of hepatitis E virus ORF2 as a vaccine candidate. vacres 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/vacres.4.3.4.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Mirzadeh Azad F, Naeli P, Malakootian M, Baradaran A, Tavallaei M, Ghanei M, Mowla SJ. Two lung development-related microRNAs, miR-134 and miR-187, are differentially expressed in lung tumors. Gene 2015; 577:221-6. [PMID: 26642897 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various cellular events needed for embryonic development and tumorigenesis. As some of the development-specific gene expression patterns could be observed in cancers, we speculated that the expression pattern of lung development-specific miRNAs miR-134 and miR-187 might be altered in lung tumor samples. Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, mostly due to its late diagnosis. Therefore, finding a reliable diagnostic tumor marker, based on molecular profile of tumorigenesis, would be critical in lowering lung cancer mortality. METHODS We employed a real-time RT-PCR approach to evaluate the expression alteration of two lung development-related miRNAs in lung tumor tissues. The suitability of miRs expression alterations as lung tumor biomarkers was tested by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The effect of miR-187 overexpression on a lung carcinoma cell cycle was assessed using flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Our data revealed a significant upregulation (7.8 times, p<0.02) of miR-134 in lung tumors. However, its expression level failed to discriminate different tumor types and grades of malignancies from each other. Moreover, the ROC curves analysis did not give it a good score as a reliable biomarker (AUC=0.522, P=0.729). In contrast, miR-187 showed a significant down-regulation (P=0.008) in lung tumors. Similarly, its expression level failed to differentiate different tumor types or grades of malignancies. Nevertheless, ROC curve analysis gave it an AUC score of 0.669 (P=0.012), which suggests its suitability as a potential biomarker for lung cancer. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-187 in A549 cells caused a cell cycle arrest in G1 phase (P=0.013). CONCLUSION Altogether, our data demonstrated an altered expression of two development-related miRNAs namely miR-134 and miR-187 in lung tumors for the first time. Moreover we have shown that miR-134 and miR-187 expression alternation were in accordance with their approved regulatory roles, therefore these miRNAs could serve as new biomarkers with potential usefulness in lung cancer diagnosis and treatments. In addition, miR-187 expression in tumor cells could perturb cell cycle which supported its possible role as tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mirzadeh Azad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Naeli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Malakootian
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Baradaran
- Department of Pathology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Tavallaei
- Genetic Research Center, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S J Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Hadizadeh Tasbiti AR, Yari S, Ghanei M, Siadat SD, Niknami S, Bahrmand A. Differential protein expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptible and multidrug resistant isolates. vacres 2015. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.vacres.2.5.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Yari S, Hadizadeh Tasbiti AR, Ghanei M, Shokrgozar MA, Mahdian R, Fateh A, Siadat SD, Vaziri F, Niknami S, Bahrmand A. Protein profiling and analysis of drug sensitive and multidrug resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. vacres 2015. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.vacres.2.4.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Shakouri M, Ghanei M, Azadmanesh K, Moazzeni S. Cloning, expression and purification of Ag85A-ESAT6 antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a fusion protein. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Hadizadeh Tasbiti A, Yari S, Ghanei M, Shokrgozar M, Fateh A, Siadat S, Vaziri F, Bahrmand A. Proteins purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR and Susceptible clinical isolates: Identification by proteomics approach. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Owlia P, Ghanei M, Mirafzali SM, Siadat SD, Malekifar S, Esmailzadeh H, Saderi H. Highlights of the final draft of the national policy document for science, technology and innovation in vaccine production in Iran. vacres 2015. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.vacres.2.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Bagheri H, Afkhami A, Hashemi P, Ghanei M. Simultaneous and sensitive determination of melatonin and dopamine with Fe3O4 nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide modified electrode. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16802j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor based on a new nanocomposite of graphene/Fe3O4 has been fabricated for simultaneous determination of melatonin and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - A. Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
| | - P. Hashemi
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
| | - M. Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
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Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Bashiri S, Hajihashemi A, Sahebkar A. Short-term Curcuminoid Supplementation for Chronic Pulmonary Complications due to Sulfur Mustard Intoxication: Positive Results of a Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2014; 65:567-73. [PMID: 25268878 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary problems are among the most frequent chronic complications of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication and are often accompanied by deregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Curcuminoids, comprising curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, are phytochemicals with remarkable anti-inflammatory properties that are derived from dried rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa L. (turmeric). The present pilot study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on markers of pulmonary function and systemic inflammation in SM-intoxicated subjects. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 89 male subjects who were suffering from chronic SM-induced pulmonary complications were recruited and assigned to either curcuminoids (500 mg TID per oral; n=45) or placebo (n=44) for a period of 4 weeks. Efficacy measures were changes in the spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC) and serum levels of inflammatory mediators including interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). 78 subjects completed the trial. Although FEV1 and FVC remained comparable between the groups, there was a greater effect of curcuminoids vs. placebo in improving FEV1/FVC (p=0.002). Curcuminoids were also significantly more efficacious compared to placebo in modulating all assessed inflammatory mediators: IL-6 (p<0.001), IL-8 (p=0.035), TNFα (p<0.001), TGFβ (p<0.001), substance P (p=0.016), hs-CRP (p<0.001), CGRP (p<0.001) and MCP-1 (p<0.001). Curcuminoids were safe and well-tolerated throughout the trial. Short-term adjunctive therapy with curcuminoids can suppress systemic inflammation in patients suffering from SM-induced chronic pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Bashiri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Hajihashemi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zahraei-Ramazani AR, Kumar D, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Naghian A, Jafari R, Shirzadi MR, Abdoli H, Soleimani H, Shareghi N, Ghanei M, Arandian MH, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Sand Flies of the Subgenus Adlerius (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Introduction of Phlebotomus (Adlerius) comatus as a New Record for Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2013; 7:1-7. [PMID: 23785689 PMCID: PMC3684492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sand flies of subgenus Adlerius has a wide geographical distribution in Iran and are mostly found in wild form in mountainous areas. They are always considered as probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis. The objective of this study was to determine the Adlerius species and its composition in an endemic focus of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in northwest of the country. METHODS Sand flies were collected from 6 different areas of Azarbaijan-e-Sharqi Province using sticky paper traps from August to September which is active season for sand flies in this area, in 2009. The flies were mounted and identified. The length of third antennal segments, ascoid, labrum, coxite, surstyle, style, aedeagus, genital filament, genital pump, width of style, and the end of aedeagus were measured and the number of costal hairs group was also counted as the morphological characters. RESULTS A total of 30 adult sand flies, (26 males and 4 females) including Phlebotomus halepensis (46.8%), P. longiductus (13.3%), P. balcanicus (23.3%), P. comatus (3.3%), and Adlerius spp. (13.3%) belong to subgenus Adlerius were identified respectively in 6 counties. One P. comatus male was captured in front of a cave located in the hillside of a mountain covered with the vegetation in Varzeqan area. CONCLUSION The presence of at least 5 species of the subgenus Adlerius in Azarbaijan-e-Sharqi Province, an endemic focus of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iran, shows that the risk of parasite transmission among man and reservoir animals is high during the active season of sand flies. P. comatus is a new record for Iran and needs to be added to the list of Iranian phlebotomines of subgenus Adlerius.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi,
| | - Abdollah Naghian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Communicable Disease Management Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdoli
- Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Soleimani
- Yazd Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Yazd, Iran
| | - Niloofar Shareghi
- Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanei
- Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Djalalinia S, Peykari N, Owlia P, Eftekhari MB, Habibi E, Falahat K, Mojarrab S, Malekafzali H, Ghanei M. The analysis of health research system evaluation in medical sciences universities. Iran J Public Health 2013; 42:60-5. [PMID: 23865018 PMCID: PMC3712601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on Iran by 2025 defined vision, we must to receive the first grade of science position in south western Asian region. Thus we need to have a comprehensive evaluation program. METHODS A comprehensive WHO Health Research System Analysis (HRSA)- based evaluation system was developed to evaluate the HRS in Iran. This article has explored the results of the five-year evaluation (2003-2008) and aims to introduce this method to other developing countries. Here we explore the results of research performance evaluation from 2002 to 2010 and by comparing the results with previous available information, we reveal the probable role of this method in research promotion and proposed approach to facilitate and expedite achieving the prospects for goals of health research based on the visions of Iran by 2025. RESULTS All of the indicators of stewardship and capacity building axes are received to their predefined levels. Moreover all of the medical science university research policies are based on their strategic plannings which are extracted from national visions of Iran by 2025. Most of the predefined goals in knowledge production domain had a significant grow trend but for more growth for commitments they should be closely follow. CONCLUSION We developed an HRS-based comprehensive evaluation program to our national vision as well as our regional and international research competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Djalalinia
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran,Non Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Peykari
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran,Non Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Owlia
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran,Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Baradaran Eftekhari
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Habibi
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - K Falahat
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran
| | - Sh Mojarrab
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran
| | - H Malekafzali
- Health Research Institute of Tehran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ghanei
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Iran
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16
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Ghorbani NR, Ahmadi M, Sadoughi F, Ghanei M. Developing data elements for research information system in health; a starting point for systems integration. Iran J Public Health 2012; 41:30-9. [PMID: 23641388 PMCID: PMC3640779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study defines necessary data elements required for the research information system in the domain of health, and its level of accountability to national health research indicators from the experts' perspective is being explored. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted based on comparative approach using the focus group method. Data were collected through 6 semi-structured group discussions held at the Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. For this study, 48 researchers were selected for the group discussions. All interviews and group discussions were recorded and transcribed. The Data analysis was performed simultaneously using Strauss and Corbin method. RESULTS BASED ON CONTENT ANALYSIS, THE NECESSARY DATA ELEMENTS IDENTIFIED FOR THE NATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGNED FOR ALL DATABASES WERE THE FOLLOWING: organizations, researchers, journals, articles, research projects and dissertations. Also, extracted from the focus group discussion were three main themes regarding data elements of these databases for the National Health Research Information System: 1) essential elements for each database 2) the system's data elements accountability to the national indicators in the domain of health research and 3) recommendations in the direction of optimizing the data. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from this study can serve as a valuable source in designing research information system in the domain of health within the country and in the region as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- NR Ghorbani
- Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ahmadi
- Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98 021 88192470-74
| | - F Sadoughi
- Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ghanei
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Djalalinia S, Owlia P, Forouzan AS, Habibi E, Dejman M, Eftekhari MB, Ghanei M, Malekafzali H, Peykari N. Health research evaluation and its role on knowledge production. Iran J Public Health 2012; 41:39-46. [PMID: 23113133 PMCID: PMC3481679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge production and evaluation are two important functions of health research system (HRS). In this article, we aimed to reveal the correlation between evaluation of health research organizations and health knowledge production promotion. METHODS A comprehensive evaluation system was developed to evaluate the academic performance of national medical science universities on an annual basis. It assess following domains; stewardship, capacity building and knowledge production. Measurable indicators for each domain were assigned, a 'research profile' for each department was provided. In this study, we compared the results of annually national Health Research System evaluation findings during 2005-2008. RESULTS The number of scientific articles has been increased from 4672 to 8816 during 2005 to 2008. It is mentionable that, the number of articles which has been published in indexed data bases has risen too. This fact could be related to directed policy for more international publication of scientific articles from Iran. The proportion of total articles to the number of academic members was 1.14 in 2008, comparing to 0.84 in 2005. It means that this proportion have increased about twice (0.7 Vs 0.45) during mentioned time. Moreover, other scientific products such as authored books based on domestic researches and cited articles in textbooks have increased according to special attention to knowledge production by policy makers. CONCLUSION We conclude that Health System Research evaluation could be used as a mean for implementing policies and promoting knowledge production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Djalalinia
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran,Endocrine & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Owlia
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran,Dept. of Microbiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Setareh Forouzan
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Welfare and Rehabilitation University, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Habibi
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran
| | - M Dejman
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Welfare and Rehabilitation University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Baradaran Eftekhari
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Welfare and Rehabilitation University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ghanei
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran
| | - H Malekafzali
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Peykari
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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18
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Akhavan AA, Mirhendi H, Khamesipour A, Alimohammadian MH, Rassi Y, Bates P, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG, Arandian MH, Abdoli H, Jalali-zand N, Jafari R, Shareghi N, Ghanei M, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR. Leishmania species: detection and identification by nested PCR assay from skin samples of rodent reservoirs. Exp Parasitol 2010; 126:552-6. [PMID: 20566364 PMCID: PMC2939322 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many rodent species act as reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas. In the present study a simple and reliable assay based on nested PCR was developed for the detection and identification of Leishmania parasites from rodent skin samples. We designed Leishmania-specific primers that successfully amplified ITS regions of Leishmania major, Leishmania gerbilli and Leishmania turanica using nested PCR. Out of 95 field collected Rhombomys opimus, 21 were positive by microscopic examination and 48 by nested PCR. The percentage of gerbils infected with L. major, L. gerbilli and L. turanica was 3.2%, 1.1% and 27.4%, respectively. In 15.8% of the rodents, we found mixed natural infections by L. major and L. turanica, 1.1% by L. major and L. gerbilli, and 2.1% by the three species. We concluded that this method is simple and reliable for detecting and identifying Leishmania species circulating in rodent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yavar Rassi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jesus G. Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Arandian
- Esfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute Public of Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdoli
- Esfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute Public of Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Jalali-zand
- Esfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute Public of Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Esfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute Public of Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Shareghi
- Esfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute Public of Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanei
- Esfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute Public of Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Akhavan AA, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Khamesipour A, Mirhendi H, Alimohammadian MH, Rassi Y, Arandian MH, Jafari R, Abdoli H, Shareghi N, Ghanei M, Jalali-zand N. Dynamics of Leishmania infection rates in Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 103:84-9. [PMID: 20390397 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-010-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) due to Leishmania major is a great public health problem in the Old World. Leishmania major is widely distributed in populations of rodents in arid and savannah regions. In this study, seasonal variation of natural infection with Leishmania parasites in Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of ZCL in Iran was monitored. The study was conducted from October 2007 to October 2008 in the central part of the country. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for the detection and identification of Leishmania parasites, and the results were confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed that Leishmania infection rate was 55.8% (29 out of 52 gerbils) using nested PCR. The highest and lowest Leishmania infection rates were observed in fall and summer, respectively. Gerbils that were found to be infected only with L. major were 5.8%, and that with Leishmania turanica were 23.1%. A mixed natural infection was seen in the rodents with L. major and L. turanica (21.2%), with L. major and L. gerbilli (1.9%), and with all the three species (3.9%). Leishmania major infection alone was seen in fall and winter whereas mixed infection of L. major and L. turanica was observed in all seasons except in summer. Leishmania turanica infection was observed throughout the year. It is concluded that L. major, L. gerbilli, and L. turanica circulate in the population of R. opimus in central part of Iran. Leishmania major infection is usually accompanied by L. turanica in naturally infected gerbils with the highest rate in fall. It is recommended that the role of L. turanica in the epidemiology and transmission of ZCL should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Akhavan AA, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Mirhendi H, Alimohammadian MH, Rassi Y, Shareghi N, Jafari R, Arandian MH, Abdoli H, Ghanei M, Jalali-zand N, Khamesipour A. Molecular epizootiology of rodent leishmaniasis in a hyperendemic area of iran. Iran J Public Health 2010; 39:1-7. [PMID: 23112983 PMCID: PMC3468974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is an expanding disease and public health problem in Iran. In the current study, natural Leishmania infection rate and seasonal fluctuation of the infection in Rhombomys opimus population of a hyperendemic focus of ZCL in Iran was investigated. METHODS The study was conducted from October 2006 to October 2008 in Esfahan Province, central part of Iran. An extensive sampling of rodents using Sherman traps was done in different seasons. Nested PCR assay was used for detection and identification of Leishmania species and the results were confirmed using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Leishmania infection rate was 58.6% (34 of 58) using nested PCR. 44.8% of the gerbils were infected only with L. turanica and 1.7% with L. gerbilli alone. A mixed natural infection with L. major and L. turanica was seen in 12.1% of the rodents. L. major infection alone was not seen in R. opimus population in the study area. The highest and lowest Leishmania infection rates were observed in fall and spring respectively. L. turanica infection was observed throughout the year whereas mixed infections with L. major and L. turanica was not seen in spring. CONCLUSION It is concluded that in the study area, L. major, L. gerbilli and L. turanica circulate in the population of R. opimus. Leishmania major infection usually accompanied by L. turanica in naturally infected gerbils with the highest rate in fall. It is recommended that the role of L. turanica in the epidemiology and transmission of ZCL be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- AA Akhavan
- Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - MR Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - H Mirhendi
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Y Rassi
- Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - N Shareghi
- Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - R Jafari
- Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - MH Arandian
- Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - H Abdoli
- Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - M Ghanei
- Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - N Jalali-zand
- Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - A Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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21
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Ghanei M, Ghayumi M, Ahakzani N, Rezvani O, Jafari M, Ani A, Aslani J. Noninvasive diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans due to sulfur mustard exposure: could high-resolution computed tomography give us a clue? Radiol Med 2010; 115:413-20. [PMID: 20119854 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-010-0503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous pathological investigations have reported bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) as the major long-term sequela of exposure to sulfur mustard. In this study, we investigated whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) could be used as a noninvasive imaging modality to differentiate between mustard lung (as a subtype of BO) and other respiratory disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of patients with sulfur-mustard-induced lung injury (BO), severe chronic asthma (resistant asthma) and smoking habit, respectively, were recruited. Also 30 nonsmoking participants were recruited randomly as the control group. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) and HRCT were performed. Images were viewed with a window level of -450 and window width of 1,400 HU. All images were evaluated by an expert radiologist who was blinded regarding the patients' diagnoses and clinical situations. RESULTS Airway involvement was higher and more frequent than parenchymal involvement in the groups with chemical-induced injury and asthma in comparison with smokers. On the other hand, parenchymal involvement was more frequent than airway involvement in the smokers' group in comparison with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS HRCT can be a very useful method for differentiating between mustard lung, resistant asthma and lung injuries due to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Mollasadra Ave, 14359-16471, Tehran, Iran.
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Shirani Bidabadi L, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Akhavan AA, Abdoli H, Siadat AH, Jaffary F, Hejazi SH, Shareghi N, Ghanei M, Arandian M, Moradi SH. Karyosystematic and morphometric characterization of the rodents as reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic focus of Isfahan Province, Iran. J Vector Borne Dis 2009; 46:52-56. [PMID: 19326708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Rodents belonging to Gerbillinae subfamily are the main reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Regarding the important role of these rodents in the maintenance of Leishmania major in the nature, their identification with morphometric, cytogenetic and molecular methods seems to be essential. The karyotype study of these species, captured from a new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the south of Isfahan Province was carried out in 2007. METHODS Twenty specimens containing seventeen Meriones persicus and three Nesokia indica were captured from Mobarakeh rural district south of Isfahan. Giemsa-stained karyotypes of these two species were prepared from bone marrow chromosome preparations. Systematic important characters of the body and cranium (incisors, molars, occipitonasal, condylobasal, zygomatic, tympanic bullae, etc.) of these rodents were studied. Cranium size was measured using a Vernier calipers. RESULTS Specimens of M. persicus and N. indica had 2n = 42. The karyotype study of these species included metacentric, sub-metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes. Morphological studies were completely matched with the reported characters of these species and further confirmed the diagnoses. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, M. persicus and N. indica are two completely differentiated rodents species that were collected from a new focus and they can also be differentiated morphologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shirani Bidabadi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center (Sedigheh Tahereh), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Abstract
The association between severity of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) and late respiratory complications is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of late pulmonary complications in patients with mild, moderate, and severe initial symptoms of sulfur mustard exposure. This was a retrospective cohort study on patients with mild, moderate, and severe initial symptoms of sulfur mustard exposure (during 1983–1988) in Baqyatallah University of medical sciences (2004–2005). The ‘mild’ group ( n = 115) had no early symptom at the time of exposure. The ‘moderate’ group ( n = 273) had early symptoms after exposure and were not hospitalized for that reason. The ‘severe’ group ( n = 215) had early symptoms and had been hospitalized accordingly. Pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest were performed. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The severe and moderate groups had a similar frequency of obstructive pattern (21%), whereas only one patient in the mild group showed this pattern. Air trapping did not significantly differ between groups. In the mild group, 74.8% ( n = 86) showed significant air trapping, whereas it was 62.3% ( n = 170) in moderate and 67.0% ( n = 144) in severe groups ( P = 0.057). Moderate and severe exposure to sulfur mustard causes an equal risk of late pulmonary complications, while mild exposure has lesser risk. Bronchiolitis obliterans is the main underlying respiratory consequence of sulfur mustard exposures and may relate to host factors rather than to severity of early symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanei
- Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University (BMSU), Chemical injuries research center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran,
| | - I Adibi
- Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University (BMSU), Chemical injuries research center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - F Farhat
- Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University (BMSU), Chemical injuries research center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - J Aslani
- Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University (BMSU), Chemical injuries research center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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24
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Zahraei-Ra AR, Yaghoobi-E MR, Akhavan AA, Abdoli H, Jafari R, . ARJZ, H. Arandia M, Shareghi N, Ghanei M. Some Ecological Aspects of Phlebotominae Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Focus of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/je.2008.17.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
There are a few reports regarding the reference range for platelet indices in the populations of Iran and its neighbouring countries, but these studies were of small sample size. This study aimed at defining platelet reference values for medical research and practice. A cross-sectional survey was performed on 19,993 young adult Iranians who participated in a compulsory pre-marriage screening programme over a 6-month period. Platelet indices were measured using an automated Technicon H2 cell counter. The platelet count [given as 95% reference interval (2.5 percentile-97.5 percentile) and mean +/- standard deviation] were 145-356 x 10(9)/l (237 +/- 55.2); the platelet distribution width was 40.2-57.4% (46.9 +/- 5.7) the Plateletocrit was, 0.13-0.32% (0.22 +/- 0.05) and the mean platelet volume was 7.4-10.7 fl (9.2 +/- 2.9). The first three indices showed significant differences between males and females. The reference values of platelet indices in Iranians were found to be different from international data; they were a little lower than those in Caucasians but higher than the indices found for Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Abstract
Although confounded by some factors such as medications or surgical complications, the relationship between esophageal pathology and pulmonary disorders has been the subject of many studies. The present study sought to investigate the said relationship in patients inflicted by respiratory disorders induced by mustard gas (MG). A case group of patients complaining of respiratory complications and chronic coughs following MG exposure, and a control group of patients with chronic coughs but without a history of MG exposure were studied. All the case and control subjects had symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Chest high resolution tomography (HRCT) was performed to evaluate the existence of pulmonary disorders. Endoscopy and histological studies were carried out to determine the severity of esophagitis in both groups presenting with gastroesophageal reflux. Ninety male patients, who had met our criteria, along with 40 male control cases underwent the diagnostic procedures. The frequency of endoscopic esophagitis findings in the chemically exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (70.0%vs. 42.5%). A pathological evaluation revealed that the frequency of esophagitis in the cases was more than that in the controls (32.3%vs. 14.2%). Chest HRCT evaluation demonstrated that half the case group had more than 25% air trapping in expiratory films, mostly compatible with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). In addition, they were suffering from asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Bronchiolitis obliterans, along with other lung disorders, can be considered as contributors in the pathogenesis of esophagitis in MG exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanei
- Research Center for Chemical Injuries, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Afshin-Nia F, Dehkordi HM, Fazel MR, Ghanei M. How to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity among Hajj Pilgrims: A multiphasic screening, intervention and assessment. Ann Saudi Med 1999; 19:55-7. [PMID: 17337989 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.1999.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Afshin-Nia
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
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Ghanei M, Adibi P, Movahedi M, Khami MA, Ghasemi RL, Azarm T, Zolfaghari B, Jamshidi HR, Sadri R. Pre-marriage prevention of thalassaemia: report of a 100,000 case experience in Isfahan. Public Health 1997; 111:153-6. [PMID: 9175458 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(97)00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iran like other middle east countries has a large number of major thalassaemics. Due to religious restrictions on abortion, the routine prevention of the birth of thalassaemic children by this means is not possible. The aim of this study is to describe an alternative means to prevent the birth of thalassaemic children. METHODS From January 1993 to January 1996, 10,000 people preparing for marriage were screened for the thalassaemia trait, using CBC and HbA2 level measurement. High risk couples were referred for further consultation regarding the disease and the means of its prevention. The proposed actions of the couples regarding thalassaemia prevention were evaluated immediately after consultation and then re-evaluated three months later. RESULT After the project had been running for three years the average of high risk couple initially deciding not to marry was 90% and no new cases of thalassemia were detected in the children of the screened population. CONCLUSION Where both members of the couple were trait-positive their preferred choice was not to marry, rather than to marry and use other or no methods of preventing a thalassemia affected child being born to them. Cultural and religious ideas can affect such decisions and in some Islamic countries the establishment and use of a genetic counselling centre can help prevent most of new thalassaemia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanei
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Iran
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Ghanei M, Adibi P, Movahedi M, Khami MA, Ghasemi RL, Azarm T, Zolfaghari B, Jamshidi HR, Sadri R. Pre-marriage prevention of thalassaemia: report of a 100 000 case experience in Isfahan. Public Health 1997. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ph.1900333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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