1
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Charbit AR, Liegeois MA, Raymond WW, Comhair SAA, Johansson MW, Hastie AT, Bleecker ER, Fajt M, Castro M, Sumino K, Erzurum SC, Israel E, Jarjour NN, Mauger DT, Moore WC, Wenzel SE, Woodruff PG, Levy BD, Tang MC, Fahy JV. A Novel DNase Assay Reveals Low DNase Activity in Severe Asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38651338 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00081.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted deoxyribonucleases (DNases), such as DNase-1 and DNase-IL3, degrade extracellular DNA, and endogenous DNases have roles in resolving airway inflammation and guarding against autoimmune responses to nucleotides. Subsets of patients with asthma have high airway DNA levels, but information about DNase activity in health and in asthma is lacking. To characterize DNase activity in health and in asthma, we developed a novel kinetic assay using a Taqman probe sequence that is quickly cleaved by DNase-I to produce a large product signal. We used this kinetic assay to measure DNase activity in sputum from participants in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP)-3 (n=439) and from healthy controls (n=89). We found that DNase activity was lower than normal in asthma (78.7 RFU/min vs 120.4 RFU/min, p<0.0001). Compared to asthma patients with sputum DNase activity levels in the upper tertile activity levels, those in the lower tertile of sputum DNase activity were characterized clinically by more severe disease and pathologically by airway eosinophilia and airway mucus plugging. Carbamylation of DNase-I, a post translational modification that can be mediated by eosinophil peroxidase, inactivated DNase-I. In summary, a Taqman probe-based DNase activity assay uncovers low DNase activity in the asthma airway which is associated with more severe disease and airway mucus plugging and may be caused, at least in part, by eosinophil-mediated carbamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle R Charbit
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maude A Liegeois
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wilfred W Raymond
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Suzy A A Comhair
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Internal Medicine-Pulmonary Section, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Merritt Fajt
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Kaharu Sumino
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David T Mauger
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Wendy C Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Bruce D Levy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Monica C Tang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John V Fahy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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2
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Khoury P, Roufosse F, Kuang FL, Ackerman SJ, Akuthota P, Bochner BS, Johansson MW, Mathur SK, Ogbogu PU, Spencer LA, Wechsler ME, Zimmermann N, Klion AD. Biologic Therapy in Rare Eosinophil-Associated Disorders: Remaining Questions and Translational Research Opportunities. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae051. [PMID: 38457125 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare eosinophil-associated disorders (EADs), including hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by blood and/or tissue hypereosinophilia and eosinophil-related clinical manifestations. Although the recent availability of biologic therapies that directly and indirectly target eosinophils has the potential to dramatically improve treatment options for all EADs, clinical trials addressing their safety and efficacy in rare EADs have been relatively few. Consequently, patient access to therapy is limited for many biologics, and the establishment of evidence-based treatment guidelines has been extremely difficult. In this regard, multicenter retrospective collaborative studies focusing on disease manifestations and treatment responses in rare EADs have provided invaluable data for physicians managing patients with these conditions and helped identify important questions for future translational research. During the Clinical Pre-Meeting Workshop held in association with the July 2023 biennial meeting of the International Eosinophil Society in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, the successes and limitations of pivotal multicenter retrospective studies in EADs were summarized, and unmet needs regarding the establishment of guidelines for use of biologics in rare EADs were discussed. Key topics of interest included: 1) clinical outcome measures, 2) minimally invasive biomarkers of disease activity, 3) predictors of response to biologic agents, and 4) long-term safety of eosinophil depletion. Herein, we report a summary of these discussions, presenting a state-of-the-art overview of data currently available for each of these topics, the limitations of the data, and avenues for future data generation through implementation of multidisciplinary and multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paneez Khoury
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Florence Roufosse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fei Li Kuang
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine & Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Princess U Ogbogu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lisa A Spencer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Nives Zimmermann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Division of Allergy and Immunology), Cincinnati, OH
| | - Amy D Klion
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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3
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Johansson MW, Balnis J, Muehlbauer LK, Bukhman YV, Stefely MS, Overmyer KA, Vancavage R, Tiwari A, Adhikari AR, Feustel PJ, Schwartz BS, Coon JJ, Stewart R, Jaitovich A, Mosher DF. Decreased plasma cartilage acidic protein 1 in COVID-19. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15814. [PMID: 37667413 PMCID: PMC10477339 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage acidic protein-1 (CRTAC1) is produced by several cell types, including Type 2 alveolar epithelial (T2AE) cells that are targeted by SARS-CoV2. Plasma CRTAC1 is known based on proteomic surveys to be low in patients with severe COVID-19. Using an ELISA, we found that patients treated for COVID-19 in an ICU almost uniformly had plasma concentrations of CRTAC1 below those of healthy controls. Magnitude of decrease in CRTAC1 distinguished COVID-19 from other causes of acute respiratory decompensation and correlated with established metrics of COVID-19 severity. CRTAC1 concentrations below those of controls were found in some patients a year after hospitalization with COVID-19, long COVID after less severe COVID-19, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreases in CRTAC1 in severe COVID-19 correlated (r = 0.37, p = 0.0001) with decreases in CFP (properdin), which interacts with CRTAC1. Thus, decreases of CRTAC1 associated with severe COVID-19 may result from loss of production by T2AE cells or co-depletion with CFP. Determination of significance of and reasons behind decreased CRTAC1 concentration in a subset of patients with long COVID will require analysis of roles of preexisting lung disease, impact of prior acute COVID-19, age, and other confounding variables in a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Laura K Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yury V Bukhman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Vancavage
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anish Raj Adhikari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Bradford S Schwartz
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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Peters MC, Schiebler ML, Cardet JC, Johansson MW, Sorkness R, DeBoer MD, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Castro M, Sumino K, Erzurum SC, Tattersall MC, Zein JG, Hastie AT, Moore W, Levy BD, Israel E, Phillips BR, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Fajt ML, Koliwad SK, Denlinger LC, Woodruff PG, Jarjour NN, Fahy JV. The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Loss of Lung Function and Response to Treatment in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1096-1106. [PMID: 35687105 PMCID: PMC9704842 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2745oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The role of obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) in airflow limitation in asthma is uncertain. Objectives: Using data in the Severe Asthma Research Program 3 (SARP-3), we evaluated relationships between homeostatic measure of IR (HOMA-IR), lung function (cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses), and treatment responses to bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Methods: HOMA-IR values were categorized as without (<3.0), moderate (3.0-5.0), or severe (>5.0). Lung function included FEV1 and FVC measured before and after treatment with inhaled albuterol and intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide and yearly for 5 years. Measurements and Main Results: Among 307 participants in SARP-3, 170 (55%) were obese and 140 (46%) had IR. Compared with patients without IR, those with IR had significantly lower values for FEV1 and FVC, and these lower values were not attributable to obesity effects. Compared with patients without IR, those with IR had lower FEV1 responses to β-adrenergic agonists and systemic corticosteroids. The annualized decline in FEV1 was significantly greater in patients with moderate IR (-41 ml/year) and severe IR (-32 ml/year,) than in patients without IR (-13 ml/year, P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Conclusions: IR is common in asthma and is associated with lower lung function, accelerated loss of lung function, and suboptimal lung function responses to bronchodilator and corticosteroid treatments. Clinical trials in patients with asthma and IR are needed to determine if improving IR might also improve lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark L. Schiebler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Juan Carlos Cardet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, and
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ronald Sorkness
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark D. DeBoer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eugene R. Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Deborah A. Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kaharu Sumino
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Matthew C. Tattersall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joe G. Zein
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Annette T. Hastie
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wendy Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brenda R. Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David T. Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Merritt L. Fajt
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Suneil K. Koliwad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Loren C. Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John V. Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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5
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Johansson MW. Not all the same: Subtypes of mouse intestinal eosinophils in health and disease models. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:939-941. [PMID: 35132683 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ce1021-545r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Discussion on mouse intestinal eosinophils before and after allergen challenge, and in a chronic inflammation model focusing on subtypes that differ in CD11c surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Metabolism Theme, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Morgridge Institute for Research Madison, Wisconsin and.,Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin
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7
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Bartig KA, Lee KE, Mosher DF, Mathur SK, Johansson MW. Platelet association with leukocytes in active eosinophilic esophagitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250521. [PMID: 33891621 PMCID: PMC8064567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the percentage of blood eosinophils that are associated with platelets and thus positive for CD41 (integrin αIIb-subunit) correlates with and predicts peak eosinophil count (PEC) in biopsies of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients after treatment. Thus, flow cytometric determination of CD41+ eosinophils is a potential measure of EoE disease activity. Determinants of association of platelets with eosinophils and other leukocytes in EoE are largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to test the hypotheses that platelets associate with blood leukocytes other than eosinophils in EoE and that such associations also predict EoE activity. Whole blood flow cytometry was performed on samples from 25 subjects before and after two months of standard of care EoE treatment. CD41 positivity of cells within gates for eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and natural killer cells was compared. We found that percent CD41+ neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils correlated with one another such that principal component analysis of the five cell types identified “myeloid” and “lymphoid” factors. Percent CD41+ neutrophils or monocytes, or the myeloid factor, like CD41+ eosinophils, correlated with PEC after treatment, and CD41+ neutrophils or the myeloid factor predicted PEC < 6/high power field after treatment, albeit with lower area under the curve than for CD41+ eosinophils. We conclude that the processes driving platelets to associate with eosinophils in EoE also drive association of platelets with neutrophils and monocytes and that association of platelets with all three cell types is related to disease activity. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02775045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Bartig
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristine E. Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sameer K. Mathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Johansson MW, Grill BM, Barretto KT, Favour MC, Schira HM, Swanson CM, Lee KE, Sorkness RL, Mosher DF, Denlinger LC, Jarjour NN. Plasma P-Selectin Is Inversely Associated with Lung Function and Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:879-887. [PMID: 32777786 DOI: 10.1159/000509600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma has multiple phenotypes for which biomarkers are still being defined. Plasma P-selectin reports endothelial and/or platelet activation. OBJECTIVE To determine if P-selectin is associated with features of asthma in a longitudinal study. METHODS Plasmas from 70 adult patients enrolled in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) III at the University of Wisconsin-Madison were analyzed for concentration of P-selectin at several points over the course of 3 years, namely, at baseline (BPS), after intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection, and at 36 months after baseline. Thirty-four participants also came in during acute exacerbation and 6 weeks after exacerbation. RESULTS BPS correlated inversely with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and with residual volume/total lung capacity, an indicator of air trapping. BPS was inversely associated with FEV1 change after TA, by regression analysis. FEV1 did not change significantly after TA if BPS was above the median, whereas patients with BPS below the median had significantly increased FEV1 after TA. BPS was higher in and predicted assignment to SARP phenotype cluster 5 ("severe fixed-airflow asthma"). P-selectin was modestly but significantly increased at exacerbation but returned to baseline within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS High BPS is associated with airway obstruction, air trapping, the "severe fixed-airflow" cluster, and lack of FEV1 improvement in response to TA injection. P-selectin concentration, which is a stable trait with only modest elevation during exacerbation, may be a useful biomarker for a severe asthma pheno- or endotype characterized by low pulmonary function and lack of corticosteroid responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,
| | - Brandon M Grill
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karina T Barretto
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Molly C Favour
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hazel M Schira
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Calvin M Swanson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristine E Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald L Sorkness
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Peters MC, Sajuthi S, Deford P, Christenson S, Rios CL, Montgomery MT, Woodruff PG, Mauger DT, Erzurum SC, Johansson MW, Denlinger LC, Jarjour NN, Castro M, Hastie AT, Moore W, Ortega VE, Bleecker ER, Wenzel SE, Israel E, Levy BD, Seibold MA. COVID-19-related Genes in Sputum Cells in Asthma. Relationship to Demographic Features and Corticosteroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:83-90. [PMID: 32348692 PMCID: PMC7328313 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0821oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2) mediate viral infection of host cells. We reasoned that differences in ACE2 or TMPRSS2 gene expression in sputum cells among patients with asthma may identify subgroups at risk for COVID-19 morbidity.Objectives: To determine the relationship between demographic features and sputum ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression in asthma.Methods: We analyzed gene expression for ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and for ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) (rhinovirus receptor as a comparator) in sputum cells from 330 participants in SARP-3 (Severe Asthma Research Program-3) and 79 healthy control subjects.Measurements and Main Results: Gene expression of ACE2 was lower than TMPRSS2, and expression levels of both genes were similar in asthma and health. Among patients with asthma, male sex, African American race, and history of diabetes mellitus were associated with higher expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was associated with lower expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, but treatment with triamcinolone acetonide did not decrease expression of either gene. These findings differed from those for ICAM-1, where gene expression was increased in asthma and less consistent differences were observed related to sex, race, and use of ICS.Conclusions: Higher expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in males, African Americans, and patients with diabetes mellitus provides rationale for monitoring these asthma subgroups for poor COVID-19 outcomes. The lower expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with ICS use warrants prospective study of ICS use as a predictor of decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased COVID-19 morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Stephanie Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David T. Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Loren C. Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Annette T. Hastie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Section, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wendy Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Section, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Victor E. Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Section, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eugene R. Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health and
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado–Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - on behalf of the NHLBI Severe Asthma Research Program-3 Investigators
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health and
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Section, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado–Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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10
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Johansson MW, McKernan EM, Fichtinger PS, Angulo EL, Bagley JL, Lee KE, Evans MD, Lomeli LD, Mosher DF, Cook SM, Gaumnitz EA, Mathur SK. α IIb-Integrin (CD41) associated with blood eosinophils is a potential biomarker for disease activity in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1699-1701. [PMID: 32004525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
| | | | | | - Evelyn L Angulo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | | | - Kristine E Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Michael D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Luis D Lomeli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Shelly M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Eric A Gaumnitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
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11
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Esnault S, Leet JP, Johansson MW, Barretto KT, Fichtinger PS, Fogerty FJ, Bernau K, Mathur SK, Mosher DF, Sandbo N, Jarjour NN. Eosinophil cytolysis on Immunoglobulin G is associated with microtubule formation and suppression of rho-associated protein kinase signalling. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:198-212. [PMID: 31750580 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of eosinophils in the airway is associated with asthma severity and risk of exacerbations. Cell-free eosinophil granules are found in tissues in eosinophilic diseases, including asthma. This suggests that eosinophils have lysed and released cellular content, likely harming tissues. OBJECTIVE The present study explores the mechanism of CD32- and αMß2 integrin-dependent eosinophil cytolysis of IL3-primed blood eosinophils seeded on heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G (HA-IgG). METHODS Cytoskeletal events and signalling pathways potentially involved in cytolysis were assessed using inhibitors. The level of activation of the identified events and pathways involved in cytolysis was measured. In addition, the links between these identified pathways and changes in degranulation (exocytosis) and adhesion were analysed. RESULTS Cytolysis of IL3-primed eosinophils was dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downstream phosphorylation of p-38 MAPK. In addition, formation of microtubule (MT) arrays was necessary for cytolysis and was accompanied by changes in MT dynamics as measured by phosphorylation status of stathmin and microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), the latter of which was regulated by ROS production. Reduced ROCK signalling preceded cytolysis, which was associated with eosinophil adhesion and reduced migration. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this CD32- and αMß2 integrin-dependent adhesion model, lysing eosinophils exhibit reduced migration and ROCK signalling, as well as both MT dynamic changes and p-38 phosphorylation downstream of ROS production. We propose that interfering with these pathways would modulate eosinophil cytolysis and subsequent eosinophil-driven tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Department of medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan P Leet
- Department of medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karina T Barretto
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul S Fichtinger
- Department of medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Frances J Fogerty
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ksenija Bernau
- Department of medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Department of medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- Department of medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Lachowicz-Scroggins ME, Dunican EM, Charbit AR, Raymond W, Looney MR, Peters MC, Gordon ED, Woodruff PG, Lefrançais E, Phillips BR, Mauger DT, Comhair SA, Erzurum SC, Johansson MW, Jarjour NN, Coverstone AM, Castro M, Hastie AT, Bleecker ER, Fajt ML, Wenzel SE, Israel E, Levy BD, Fahy JV. Extracellular DNA, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, and Inflammasome Activation in Severe Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:1076-1085. [PMID: 30888839 PMCID: PMC6515873 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1869oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Extracellular DNA (eDNA) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in multiple inflammatory diseases. NETs mediate inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion from monocytes and cause airway epithelial cell injury, but the role of eDNA, NETs, and IL-1β in asthma is uncertain. Objectives: To characterize the role of activated neutrophils in severe asthma through measurement of NETs and inflammasome activation. Methods: We measured sputum eDNA in induced sputum from 399 patients with asthma in the Severe Asthma Research Program-3 and in 94 healthy control subjects. We subdivided subjects with asthma into eDNA-low and -high subgroups to compare outcomes of asthma severity and of neutrophil and inflammasome activation. We also examined if NETs cause airway epithelial cell damage that can be prevented by DNase. Measurements and Main Results: We found that 13% of the Severe Asthma Research Program-3 cohort is "eDNA-high," as defined by sputum eDNA concentrations above the upper 95th percentile value in health. Compared with eDNA-low patients with asthma, eDNA-high patients had lower Asthma Control Test scores, frequent history of chronic mucus hypersecretion, and frequent use of oral corticosteroids for maintenance of asthma control (all P values <0.05). Sputum eDNA in asthma was associated with airway neutrophilic inflammation, increases in soluble NET components, and increases in caspase 1 activity and IL-1β (all P values <0.001). In in vitro studies, NETs caused cytotoxicity in airway epithelial cells that was prevented by disruption of NETs with DNase. Conclusions: High extracellular DNA concentrations in sputum mark a subset of patients with more severe asthma who have NETs and markers of inflammasome activation in their airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marrah E Lachowicz-Scroggins
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eleanor M Dunican
- 3 School of Medicine and St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annabelle R Charbit
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wilfred Raymond
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark R Looney
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael C Peters
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Erin D Gordon
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emma Lefrançais
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- 4 Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David T Mauger
- 4 Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- 5 Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Nizar N Jarjour
- 7 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- 8 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mario Castro
- 8 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Annette T Hastie
- 9 Pulmonary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- 10 Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- 11 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;and
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- 11 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;and
| | - Elliot Israel
- 12 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham Research Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Levy
- 12 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham Research Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John V Fahy
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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13
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Roufosse FE, Johansson MW. Editorial: Pathogenic Advances and Therapeutic Perspectives for Eosinophilic Inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:243. [PMID: 30234117 PMCID: PMC6127289 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florence E Roufosse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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14
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Barretto KT, Swanson CM, Nguyen CL, Annis DS, Esnault SJ, Mosher DF, Johansson MW. Control of cytokine-driven eosinophil migratory behavior by TGF-beta-induced protein (TGFBI) and periostin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201320. [PMID: 30048528 PMCID: PMC6062114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin, which is induced by interleukin (IL)-13, is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that supports αMβ2 integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced protein (TGFBI) is a widely expressed periostin paralog known to support monocyte adhesion. Our objective was to compare eosinophil adhesion and migration on TGFBI and periostin in the presence of IL-5-family cytokines. Eosinophil adhesion after 1 h and random motility over 20 h in the presence of various concentrations of IL-5, IL-3, or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were quantified in wells coated with various concentrations of TGFBI or periostin. Results were compared to video microscopy of eosinophils. Cytokine-stimulated eosinophils adhered equivalently well to TGFBI or periostin in a coating concentration-dependent manner. Adhesion was blocked by anti-αMβ2 and stimulated at the lowest concentration by GM-CSF. In the motility assay, periostin was more potent than TGFBI, the coating-concentration effect was bimodal, and IL-3 was the most potent cytokine. Video microscopy revealed that under the optimal coating condition of 5 μg/ml periostin, most eosinophils migrated persistently and were polarized and acorn-shaped with a ruffling forward edge and granules gathered together, in front of the nucleus. On 10 μg/ml periostin or TGFBI, more eosinophils adopted a flattened pancake morphology with dispersed granules and nuclear lobes, and slower migration. Conversion between acorn and pancake morphologies were observed. We conclude that TGFBI or periostin supports two modes of migration by IL-5 family cytokine-activated eosinophils. The rapid mode is favored by intermediate protein coatings and the slower by higher coating concentrations. We speculate that eosinophils move by haptotaxis up a gradient of adhesive ECM protein and then slow down to surveil the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina T. Barretto
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Calvin M. Swanson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Nguyen
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Stephane J. Esnault
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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15
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Johansson MW, Kelly EA, Nguyen CL, Jarjour NN, Bochner BS. Characterization of Siglec-8 Expression on Lavage Cells after Segmental Lung Allergen Challenge. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:16-28. [PMID: 29879704 DOI: 10.1159/000488951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siglec-8 is present at a high level on human blood eosinophils and low level on blood basophils. Engagement of Siglec-8 on blood eosinophils causes its internalization and results in death. Siglec-8 is a potential therapeutic target in eosinophilic asthma. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine Siglec-8 levels on eosinophils and basophils recruited during lung inflammation. METHOD We analyzed surface Siglec-8 by flow cytometry on cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 48 h after segmental lung allergen challenge of human subjects with mild allergic asthma and used confocal microscopy to compare Siglec-8 distribution on BAL and blood eosinophils. RESULTS Like their blood counterparts, BAL eosinophils had high unimodal surface Siglec-8, while BAL basophils had lower but detectable surface Siglec-8. BAL macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells did not express surface Siglec-8. Microscopy of freshly isolated blood eosinophils demonstrated homogeneous Siglec-8 distribution over the cell surface. Upon incubation with IL-5, Siglec-8 on the surface of eosinophils became localized in patches both at the nucleopod tip and at the opposite cell pole. BAL eosinophils also had a patchy Siglec-8 distribution. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 48 h after segmental allergen challenge, overall levels of Siglec-8 expression on airway eosinophils resemble those on blood eosinophils, but with a patchier distribution, a pattern consistent with activation. Thus, therapeutic targeting of Siglec-8 has the potential to impact blood as well as lung eosinophils, which may be associated with an improved outcome in eosinophilic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher L Nguyen
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Ricklefs I, Barkas I, Duvall MG, Cernadas M, Grossman NL, Israel E, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaston BM, Denlinger LC, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Comhair SA, Coverstone AM, Fajt ML, Hastie AT, Johansson MW, Peters MC, Phillips BR, Levy BD. ALX receptor ligands define a biochemical endotype for severe asthma. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120932. [PMID: 29563345 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Peters MC, Kerr S, Dunican EM, Woodruff PG, Fajt ML, Levy BD, Israel E, Phillips BR, Mauger DT, Comhair SA, Erzurum SC, Johansson MW, Jarjour NN, Coverstone AM, Castro M, Hastie AT, Bleecker ER, Wenzel SE, Fahy JV. Refractory airway type 2 inflammation in a large subgroup of asthmatic patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29524537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway type 2 inflammation is usually corticosteroid sensitive, but the role of type 2 inflammation as a mechanism of asthma in patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) is uncertain. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether airway type 2 inflammation persists in patients treated with ICSs and to evaluate the clinical features of patients with steroid-resistant airway type 2 inflammation. METHODS We used quantitative PCR to generate a composite metric of type 2 cytokine gene expression (type 2 gene mean [T2GM]) in induced sputum cells from healthy control subjects, patients with severe asthma receiving ICSs (n = 174), and patients with nonsevere asthma receiving ICSs (n = 85). We explored relationships between asthma outcomes and T2GM values and the utility of noninvasive biomarkers of airway T2GM. RESULTS Sputum cell T2GM values in asthmatic patients were significantly increased and remained high after treatment with intramuscular triamcinolone. We used the median T2GM value as a cutoff to classify steroid-treated type 2-low and steroid-resistant type 2-high (srT2-high) subgroups. Compared with patients with steroid-treated type 2-low asthma, those with srT2-high asthma were older and had more severe asthma. Blood eosinophil cell counts predicted srT2-high asthma when body mass index was less than 40 kg/m2 but not when it was 40 kg/m2 or greater, whereas blood IgE levels strongly predicted srT2-high asthma when age was less than 34 years but not when it was 34 years or greater. CONCLUSION Despite ICS therapy, many asthmatic patients have persistent airway type 2 inflammation (srT2-high asthma), and these patients are older and have more severe disease. Body weight and age modify the performance of blood-based biomarkers of airway type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sheena Kerr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Eleanor M Dunican
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wis
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wis
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Mo
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
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18
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Johansson MW, Evans MD, McKernan E, Fichtinger PS, Angulo EL, Mosher DF, Cook SM, Gaumnitz EA, Mathur SK. Blood Eosinophil Beta1-Integrin Activation Correlates with Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Disease Activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Fajt ML, Peters M, Bleecker ER, Cardet JC, Castro M, Comhair S, Coverstone A, Denlinger LC, Erzurum SC, Hastie AT, Israel E, Jarjour NN, Johansson MW, Levy BD, Mauger DM, Peters SP, Phillips BR, Phipatanakul W, Ross KR, Ramratnam SK, Fahy JV, Wenzel S. Sputum Mast Cells and Eosinophils Identify Asthmatics with Lower Lung Function and Proneness to Exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Kelly EA, Esnault S, Liu LY, Evans MD, Johansson MW, Mathur S, Mosher DF, Denlinger LC, Jarjour NN. Mepolizumab Attenuates Airway Eosinophil Numbers, but Not Their Functional Phenotype, in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:1385-1395. [PMID: 28862877 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2234oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mepolizumab, an IL-5-blocking antibody, reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Mepolizumab arrests eosinophil maturation; however, the functional phenotype of eosinophils that persist in the blood and airway after administration of IL-5 neutralizing antibodies has not been reported. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of anti-IL-5 antibody on the numbers and phenotypes of allergen-induced circulating and airway eosinophils. METHODS Airway inflammation was elicited in participants with mild allergic asthma by segmental allergen challenge before and 1 month after a single intravenous 750-mg dose of mepolizumab. Eosinophils were examined in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and endobronchial biopsies 48 hours after challenge. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Segmental challenge without mepolizumab induced a rise in circulating eosinophils, bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia, and eosinophil peroxidase deposition in bronchial mucosa. IL-5 neutralization before allergen challenge abolished the allergen-induced rise in circulating eosinophils and expression of IL-3 receptors, whereas airway eosinophilia and eosinophil peroxidase deposition were blunted but not eliminated. Before mepolizumab treatment, bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils had more surface IL-3 and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor receptors, CD69, CD44, and CD23 and decreased IL-5 and eotaxin receptors than blood eosinophils. This activation phenotype indicated by bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil surface markers, as well as the release of eosinophil peroxidase by eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa, was maintained after mepolizumab. CONCLUSIONS Mepolizumab reduced airway eosinophil numbers but had a limited effect on airway eosinophil activation markers, suggesting that these cells retain functionality. This observation may explain why IL-5 neutralization reduces but does not completely eradicate asthma exacerbations. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00802438).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kelly
- 1 Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Stephane Esnault
- 1 Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Lin Ying Liu
- 1 Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Mats W Johansson
- 3 Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sameer Mathur
- 1 Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Deane F Mosher
- 3 Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- 1 Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- 1 Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine
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21
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Ricklefs I, Barkas I, Duvall MG, Cernadas M, Grossman NL, Israel E, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaston BM, Denlinger LC, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Comhair SA, Coverstone AM, Fajt ML, Hastie AT, Johansson MW, Peters MC, Phillips BR, Levy BD. ALX receptor ligands define a biochemical endotype for severe asthma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93534. [PMID: 28724795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health, inflammation resolution is an active process governed by specialized proresolving mediators and receptors. ALX/FPR2 receptors (ALX) are targeted by both proresolving and proinflammatory ligands for opposing signaling events, suggesting pivotal roles for ALX in the fate of inflammatory responses. Here, we determined if ALX expression and ligands were linked to severe asthma (SA). METHODS ALX expression and levels of proresolving ligands (lipoxin A4 [LXA4], 15-epi-LXA4, and annexin A1 [ANXA1]), and a proinflammatory ligand (serum amyloid A [SAA]) were measured in bronchoscopy samples collected in Severe Asthma Research Program-3 (SA [n = 69], non-SA [NSA, n = 51] or healthy donors [HDs, n = 47]). RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid LXA4 and 15-epi-LXA4 were decreased and SAA was increased in SA relative to NSA. BAL macrophage ALX expression was increased in SA. Subjects with LXA4loSAAhi levels had increased BAL neutrophils, more asthma symptoms, lower lung function, increased relative risk for asthma exacerbation, sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and were assigned more frequently to SA clinical clusters. SAA and aliquots of LXA4loSAAhi BAL fluid induced IL-8 production by lung epithelial cells expressing ALX receptors, which was inhibited by coincubation with 15-epi-LXA4. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings have established an association between select ALX receptor ligands and asthma severity that define a potentially new biochemical endotype for asthma and support a pivotal functional role for ALX signaling in the fate of lung inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Severe Asthma Research Program-3 (SARP-3; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01606826)FUNDING Sources. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the NIH, and the German Society of Pediatric Pneumology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Ricklefs
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Ioanna Barkas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Nicole L Grossman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
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22
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Johansson MW. Eosinophil Activation Status in Separate Compartments and Association with Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:75. [PMID: 28660189 PMCID: PMC5466952 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is frequently characterized by eosinophil-rich airway inflammation. Airway eosinophilia is associated with asthma exacerbations and likely plays a part in airway remodeling. Eosinophil recruitment from the bloodstream depends on circulating eosinophils becoming activated, which leads to eosinophil arrest on activated endothelium, extravasation, and continued movement through the bronchial tissue by interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Circulating eosinophils can exist at different activation levels, which include non-activated or pre-activated (sensitized or “primed”). Further, the bloodstream may lack pre-activated cells, due to such eosinophils having arrested on endothelium or extravasated into tissue. Increased expression, and in some instances, decreased expression of cell-surface proteins, including CD44, CD45, CD45R0, CD48, CD137, neuropeptide S receptor, cytokine receptors, Fc receptors, and integrins (receptors mediating cell adhesion and migration by interacting with ligands on other cells or in the ECM), and activated states of integrins or Fc receptors on blood eosinophils have been reported to correlate with aspects of asthma. A subset of these proteins has been reported to respond to intervention, e.g., with anti-interleukin (IL)-5. How these surface proteins and the activation state of the eosinophil respond to other interventions, e.g., with anti-IL-4 receptor alpha or anti-IL-13, is unknown. Eosinophil surface proteins suggested to be biomarkers of activation, particularly integrins, and reports on correlations between eosinophil activation and aspects of asthma are described in this review. Intermediate activation of beta1 and beta2 integrins on circulating eosinophils correlates with decreased pulmonary function, airway inflammation, or airway lumen eosinophils in non-severe asthma. The correlation does not appear in severe asthma, likely due to a higher degree of extravasation of pre-activated eosinophils in more severe disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophils have highly activated integrins and other changes in surface proteins compared to blood eosinophils. The activation state of eosinophils in lung tissue, although likely very important in asthma, is largely unknown. However, some recent articles, mainly on mice but partly on human cells, indicate that tissue eosinophils may have a surface phenotype(s) different from that of sputum or BAL eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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23
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Johansson MW, Khanna M, Bortnov V, Annis DS, Nguyen CL, Mosher DF. IL-5-stimulated eosinophils adherent to periostin undergo stereotypic morphological changes and ADAM8-dependent migration. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1263-1274. [PMID: 28378503 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-5 causes suspended eosinophils to polarize with filamentous (F)-actin and granules at one pole and the nucleus in a specialized uropod, the "nucleopod," which is capped with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). IL-5 enhances eosinophil adhesion and migration on periostin, an extracellular matrix protein upregulated in asthma by type 2 immunity mediators. OBJECTIVE Determine how the polarized morphology evolves to foster migration of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils on a surface coated with periostin. METHODS Blood eosinophils adhering to adsorbed periostin were imaged at different time points by fluorescent microscopy, and migration of eosinophils on periostin was assayed. RESULTS After 10 minutes in the presence of IL-5, adherent eosinophils were polarized with PSGL-1 at the nucleopod tip and F-actin distributed diffusely at the opposite end. After 30-60 minutes, the nucleopod had dissipated such that PSGL-1 was localized in a crescent or ring away from the cell periphery, and F-actin was found in podosome-like structures. The periostin layer, detected with monoclonal antibody Stiny-1, shown here to recognize the FAS1 4 module, was cleared in wide areas around adherent eosinophils. Clearance was attenuated by metalloproteinase inhibitors or antibodies to disintegrin metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8), a major eosinophil metalloproteinase previously implicated in asthma pathogenesis. ADAM8 was not found in podosome-like structures, which are associated with proteolytic activity in other cell types. Instead, immunoblotting demonstrated proteoforms of ADAM8 that lack the cytoplasmic tail in the supernatant. Anti-ADAM8 inhibited migration of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils on periostin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Migrating IL-5-activated eosinophils on periostin exhibit loss of nucleopodal features and appearance of prominent podosomes along with clearance of the Stiny-1 periostin epitope. Migration and epitope clearance are both attenuated by inhibitors of ADAM8. We propose, therefore, that eosinophils remodel and migrate on periostin-rich extracellular matrix in the asthmatic airway in an ADAM8-dependent manner, making ADAM8 a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Khanna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Bortnov
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D S Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C L Nguyen
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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24
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Duvall MG, Barnig C, Cernadas M, Ricklefs I, Krishnamoorthy N, Grossman NL, Bhakta NR, Fahy JV, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Gaston BM, Jarjour NN, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Comhair SA, Coverstone AM, Fajt ML, Hastie AT, Johansson MW, Peters MC, Phillips BR, Israel E, Levy BD. Natural killer cell-mediated inflammation resolution is disabled in severe asthma. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/9/eaam5446. [PMID: 28783702 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma is typically characterized by chronic airway inflammation that is refractory to corticosteroids and associated with excess morbidity. Patients were recruited into the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Severe Asthma Research Program and comprehensively phenotyped by bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Compared with healthy individuals (n = 21), patients with asthma (n = 53) had fewer BAL natural killer (NK) cells. Patients with severe asthma (n = 29) had a marked increase in the ratios of CD4+ T cells to NK cells and neutrophils to NK cells. BAL NK cells in severe asthma were skewed toward the cytotoxic CD56dim subset, with significantly increased BAL fluid levels of the cytotoxic mediator granzyme A. The numbers of BAL CD56dim NK cells and CCR6-CCR4- T helper 1-enriched CD4+ T cells correlated inversely with lung function [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted] in asthma. Relative to cells from healthy controls, peripheral blood NK cells from asthmatic patients had impaired killing of K562 myeloid target cells despite releasing more cytotoxic mediators. Ex vivo exposure to dexamethasone markedly decreased blood NK cell lysis of target cells and cytotoxic mediator release. NK cells expressed airway lipoxin A4/formyl peptide receptor 2 receptors, and in contrast to dexamethasone, lipoxin A4-exposed NK cells had preserved functional responses. Together, our findings indicate that the immunology of the severe asthma airway is characterized by decreased NK cell cytotoxicity with increased numbers of target leukocytes, which is exacerbated by corticosteroids that further disable NK cell function. These failed resolution mechanisms likely contribute to persistent airway inflammation in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Diseases, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabell Ricklefs
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole L Grossman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Esnault S, Johansson MW, Kelly EA, Koenderman L, Mosher DF, Jarjour NN. IL-3 up-regulates and activates human eosinophil CD32 and αMβ2 integrin causing degranulation. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:488-498. [PMID: 28000949 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including asthma. Treatment with antibodies targeting IL-5 or IL-5 receptor α reduces the frequency of asthma exacerbations. Eosinophil receptors for IL-5 share a common ß-chain with IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors. We recently reported that IL-3 is more potent than IL-5 or GM-CSF in maintaining the ERK/p90S6K/RPS6 ribosome-directed signaling pathway, leading to increased protein translation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine disease-relevant consequences of prolonged eosinophil stimulation with IL-3. RESULTS Human blood eosinophils were used to establish the impact of activation with IL-3 on IgG-driven eosinophil degranulation. When compared to IL-5, continuing exposure to IL-3 further induced degranulation of eosinophils on aggregated IgG via increased production and activation of both CD32 (low affinity IgG receptor) and αMß2 integrin. In addition, unlike IL-5 or GM-CSF, IL-3 induced expression of CD32B/C (FCGRIIB/C) subtype proteins, without changing CD32A (FCGRIIA) protein and CD32B/C mRNA expression levels. Importantly, these in vitro IL-3-induced modifications were recapitulated in vivo on airway eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We observed for the first time upregulation of CD32B/C on eosinophils, and identified IL-3 as a potent inducer of CD32- and αMß2-mediated eosinophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esnault
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E A Kelly
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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Esnault S, Torr EE, Bernau K, Johansson MW, Kelly EA, Sandbo N, Jarjour NN. Endogenous Semaphorin-7A Impedes Human Lung Fibroblast Differentiation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170207. [PMID: 28095470 PMCID: PMC5240965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin-7A is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, initially characterized as an axon guidance protein. Semaphorin-7A also contributes to immune cell regulation and may be an essential pro-fibrotic factor when expressed by non-fibroblast cell types (exogenous). In mouse models, semaphorin-7A was shown to be important for TGF-ß1-induced pulmonary fibrosis characterized by myofibroblast accumulation and extracellular matrix deposition, but the cell-specific role of semaphorin-7A was not examined in fibroblasts. The purpose of this study is to determine semaphorin-7A expression by fibroblasts and to investigate the function of endogenously expressed semaphorin-7A in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF). Herein, we show that non-fibrotic HLF expressed high levels of cell surface semaphorin-7A with little dependence on the percentage of serum or recombinant TGF-ß1. Semaphorin-7A siRNA strongly decreased semaphorin-7A mRNA expression and reduced cell surface semaphorin-7A. Reduction of semaphorin-7A induced increased proliferation and migration of non-fibrotic HLF. Also, independent of the presence of TGF-ß1, the decline of semaphorin-7A by siRNA was associated with increased α-smooth muscle actin production and gene expression of periostin, fibronectin, laminin, and serum response factor (SRF), indicating differentiation into a myofibroblast. Conversely, overexpression of semaphorin-7A in the NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line reduced the production of pro-fibrotic markers. The inverse association between semaphorin-7A and pro-fibrotic fibroblast markers was further analyzed using HLF from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 6) and non-fibrotic (n = 7) lungs. Using these 13 fibroblast lines, we observed that semaphorin-7A and periostin expression were inversely correlated. In conclusion, our study indicates that endogenous semaphorin-7A in HLF plays a role in maintaining fibroblast homeostasis by preventing up-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes. Therefore, endogenous and exogenous semaphorin-7A may have opposite effects on the fibroblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth E. Torr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ksenija Bernau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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27
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Olson AA, Evans MD, Johansson MW, Kim CH, Manthei DM, Gaumnitz EA, Mathur SK. Role of food and aeroallergen sensitization in eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:387-393.e2. [PMID: 27590636 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of IgE-mediated food sensitivity is frequently performed for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, the clinical relevance of identifying IgE-mediated sensitivity to foods in adults is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether EoE associated with food or aeroallergen sensitivity represents a phenotype of EoE with distinct clinical or biological features. METHODS A medical record review identified 257 patients with a diagnosis of EoE evaluated in the adult allergy clinic at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics from 2008 to 2013. Patient records were reviewed to capture measures of disease severity, endoscopy results, pathology reports, allergy testing, medical management and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Evaluation of food sensitization with skin prick testing and/or serum IgE was performed for 93% of patients. Sensitization to at least 1 food was identified in 54% of patients who were more likely to report concomitant asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and/or food allergy compared with nonfood sensitive patients. Aeroallergen sensitivity was identified in 87% of patients tested. Clinical characteristics, including EoE symptoms, disease severity, endoscopic findings, peripheral eosinophilia, and patient-reported outcomes, did not differ between food sensitive and non-food sensitive patients. However, on endoscopy, aeroallergen sensitive patients were more likely to have strictures and less likely to exhibit felinization compared with non-aeroallergen sensitized patients. CONCLUSION Adults with EoE and IgE-mediated food sensitivity are not phenotypically different than non-food sensitive patients. There is no clear clinical utility in identifying food sensitivity in adults with EoE. Further studies are needed to determine whether aeroallergen sensitivity represents a distinct phenotype of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh A Olson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chloe H Kim
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David M Manthei
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eric A Gaumnitz
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Peters MC, McGrath KW, Hawkins GA, Hastie AT, Levy BD, Israel E, Phillips BR, Mauger DT, Comhair SA, Erzurum SC, Johansson MW, Jarjour NN, Coverstone AM, Castro M, Holguin F, Wenzel SE, Woodruff PG, Bleecker ER, Fahy JV. Plasma interleukin-6 concentrations, metabolic dysfunction, and asthma severity: a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts. Lancet Respir Med 2016; 4:574-584. [PMID: 27283230 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease associated with older age and obesity. The presence of eosinophilic (type 2) inflammation in some but not all patients with severe asthma predicts responsiveness to current treatments, but new treatment approaches will require a better understanding of non-type 2 mechanisms of severe asthma. We considered the possibility that systemic inflammation, which arises in subgroups of obese and older patients, increases the severity of asthma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a biomarker of systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, and we aimed to explore the association between IL-6 concentrations, metabolic dysfunction, and asthma severity. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, patients were recruited from two cohorts: mainly non-severe asthmatics from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) and mainly severe asthmatics from the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP). We generated a reference range for plasma IL-6 in a cohort of healthy control patients. We compared the clinical characteristics of asthmatics with plasma IL-6 concentrations above (IL-6 high) and below (IL-6 low) the upper 95% centile value for plasma IL-6 concentration in the healthy cohort. We also compared how pulmonary function, frequency of asthma exacerbations, and frequency of severe asthma differed between IL-6 low and IL-6 high asthma populations in the two asthma cohorts. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2005, and Dec 31, 2014, we recruited 249 patients from UCSF and between Nov 1, 2012, and Oct 1, 2014, we recruited 387 patients from SARP. The upper 95th centile value for plasma IL-6 concentration in the healthy cohort (n=93) was 3·1 pg/mL, and 14% (36/249) of UCSF cohort and 26% (102/387) of the SARP cohort had plasma IL-6 concentrations above this upper limit. The IL-6 high patients in both asthma cohorts had a significantly higher average BMI (p<0·0001) and a higher prevalence of hypertension (p<0·0001) and diabetes (p=0·04) than the IL-6 low patients. IL-6 high patients also had significantly worse lung function and more frequent asthma exacerbations than IL-6 low patients (all p values <0·0001). Although 80% (111/138) of IL-6 high asthmatic patients were obese, 62% (178/289) of obese asthmatic patients were IL-6 low. Among obese patients, the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was significantly lower in IL-6 high than in IL-6 low patients (mean percent predicted FEV1=70·8% [SD 19·5] vs 78·3% [19·7]; p=0·002), and the percentage of patients reporting an asthma exacerbation in the past 1-2 years was higher in IL-6 high than in IL-6 low patients (66% [73/111] vs 48% [85/178]; p=0·003). Among non-obese asthmatics, FEV1 values and the frequency of asthma exacerbations within the past 1-2 years were also significantly worse in IL-6 high than in IL-6 low patients (mean FEV1 66·4% [SD 23·1] vs 83·2% [20·4] predicted; p<0·0001; 59% [16/27] vs 34% [108/320]; p=0·01). INTERPRETATION Systemic IL-6 inflammation and clinical features of metabolic dysfunction, which occur most commonly in a subset of obese asthma patients but also in a small subset of non-obese patients, are associated with more severe asthma. These data provide strong rationale to undertake clinical trials of IL-6 inhibitors or treatments that reduce metabolic dysfunction in a subset of patients with severe asthma. Plasma IL-6 is a biomarker that could guide patient stratification in these trials. FUNDING NIH and the Parker B Francis Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Wong McGrath
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Johansson MW, Evans MD, Crisafi GM, Holweg CTJ, Matthews JG, Jarjour NN. Serum periostin is associated with type 2 immunity in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1904-1907.e2. [PMID: 27061252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Michael D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Gina M Crisafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | | | | | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
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Wilkerson EM, Johansson MW, Hebert AS, Westphall MS, Mathur SK, Jarjour NN, Schwantes EA, Mosher DF, Coon JJ. The Peripheral Blood Eosinophil Proteome. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1524-33. [PMID: 27005946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A system-wide understanding of biological processes requires a comprehensive knowledge of the proteins in the biological system. The eosinophil is a type of granulocytic leukocyte specified early in hematopoietic differentiation that participates in barrier defense, innate immunity, and allergic disease. The proteome of the eosinophil is largely unannotated with under 500 proteins identified. We now report a map of the nonstimulated peripheral blood eosinophil proteome assembled using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our analysis yielded 100,892 unique peptides mapping to 7,086 protein groups representing 6,813 genes as well as 4,802 site-specific phosphorylation events. We account for the contribution of platelets that routinely contaminate purified eosinophils and report the variability in the eosinophil proteome among five individuals and proteomic changes accompanying acute activation of eosinophils by interleukin-5. Our deep coverage and quantitative analyses fill an important gap in the existing maps of the human proteome and will enable the strategic use of proteomics to study eosinophils in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander S Hebert
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Schwantes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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31
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Metcalfe DD, Pawankar R, Ackerman SJ, Akin C, Clayton F, Falcone FH, Gleich GJ, Irani AM, Johansson MW, Klion AD, Leiferman KM, Levi-Schaffer F, Nilsson G, Okayama Y, Prussin C, Schroeder JT, Schwartz LB, Simon HU, Walls AF, Triggiani M. Biomarkers of the involvement of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils in asthma and allergic diseases. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:7. [PMID: 26904159 PMCID: PMC4751725 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of disease activity have come into wide use in the study of mechanisms of human disease and in clinical medicine to both diagnose and predict disease course; as well as to monitor response to therapeutic intervention. Here we review biomarkers of the involvement of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils in human allergic inflammation. Included are surface markers of cell activation as well as specific products of these inflammatory cells that implicate specific cell types in the inflammatory process and are of possible value in clinical research as well as within decisions made in the practice of allergy-immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean D. Metcalfe
- />Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- />Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steven J. Ackerman
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Cem Akin
- />Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Frederic Clayton
- />Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- />The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald J. Gleich
- />Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Anne-Marie Irani
- />Virginia Commonwealth University, Children’s Hospital of Richmond, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- />Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Amy D. Klion
- />Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | | | - Gunnar Nilsson
- />Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- />Allergy and Immunology Group, Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Calman Prussin
- />Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - John T. Schroeder
- />Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- />University of Bern, Institute of Pharmacology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew F. Walls
- />Southampton General Hospital, Immunopharmacology Group, Southampton, Hampshire UK
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- />Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Esnault S, Kelly EAB, Shen ZJ, Johansson MW, Malter JS, Jarjour NN. IL-3 Maintains Activation of the p90S6K/RPS6 Pathway and Increases Translation in Human Eosinophils. J Immunol 2015; 195:2529-39. [PMID: 26276876 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-5 is a major therapeutic target to reduce eosinophilia. However, all of the eosinophil-activating cytokines, such as IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF, are typically present in atopic diseases, including allergic asthma. As a result of the functional redundancy of these three cytokines on eosinophils and the loss of IL-5R on airway eosinophils, it is important to take IL-3 and GM-CSF into account to efficiently reduce tissue eosinophil functions. Moreover, these three cytokines signal through a common β-chain receptor but yet differentially affect protein production in eosinophils. Notably, the increased ability of IL-3 to induce the production of proteins, such as semaphorin-7A, without affecting mRNA levels suggests a unique influence of IL-3 on translation. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms by which IL-3 distinctively affects eosinophil function compared with IL-5 and GM-CSF, with a focus on protein translation. Peripheral blood eosinophils were used to study intracellular signaling and protein translation in cells activated with IL-3, GM-CSF, or IL-5. We establish that, unlike GM-CSF or IL-5, IL-3 triggers prolonged signaling through activation of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) and the upstream kinase 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p90S6K). Blockade of p90S6K activation inhibited phosphorylation of RPS6 and IL-3-enhanced semaphorin-7A translation. Furthermore, in an allergen-challenged environment, in vivo phosphorylation of RPS6 and p90S6K was enhanced in human airway compared with circulating eosinophils. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying differential activation of eosinophils by IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-5. These observations identify IL-3 and its downstream intracellular signals as novel targets that should be considered to modulate eosinophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792;
| | - Elizabeth A B Kelly
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
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Abstract
Periostin (PN) and TGF-β-induced protein (βig-h3) are paralogs that contain a single emilin and four fasciclin-1 modules and are secreted from cells. PN receives attention because of its up-regulation in cancer and degenerative and allergic diseases. βig-h3 is highly enriched in cornea and best known for harboring mutations in humans associated with corneal dystrophies. Both proteins are expressed widely, and many functions, some over-lapping, have been attributed to PN and βig-h3 based on biochemical, cell culture, and whole animal experiments. We attempt to organize this knowledge so as to facilitate research on these interesting and incompletely understood proteins. We focus particularly on whether PN and βig-h3 are modified by vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylation, a question of considerable importance given the profound effects of γ-carboxylation on structure and function of other proteins. We consider the roles of PN and βig-h3 in formation of extracellular matrix and as ligands for integrin receptors. We attempt to reconcile the contradictory results that have arisen concerning the role of PN, which has emerged as a marker of TH2 immunity, in murine models of allergic asthma. Finally, when possible we compare and contrast the structures and functions of the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deane F Mosher
- a Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- a Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Mary E Gillis
- a Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Douglas S Annis
- a Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
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Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation rich in eosinophils. Airway eosinophilia is associated with exacerbations and has been suggested to play a role in airway remodelling. Recruitment of eosinophils from the circulation requires that blood eosinophils become activated, leading to their arrest on the endothelium and extravasation. Circulating eosinophils can be envisioned as potentially being in different activation states, including non-activated, pre-activated or 'primed', or fully activated. In addition, the circulation can potentially be deficient of pre-activated or activated eosinophils, because such cells have marginated on activated endothelium or extravasated into the tissue. A number of eosinophil surface proteins, including CD69, L-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54), CD44, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, CD162), cytokine receptors, Fc receptors, integrins including αM integrin (CD11b), and activated conformations of Fc receptors and integrins, have been proposed to report cell activation. Variation in eosinophil activation states may be associated with asthma activity. Eosinophil surface proteins proposed to be activation markers, with a particular focus on integrins, and evidence for associations between activation states of blood eosinophils and features of asthma are reviewed here. Partial activation of β1 and β2 integrins on blood eosinophils, reported by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) N29 and KIM-127, is associated with impaired pulmonary function and airway eosinophilia, respectively, in non-severe asthma. The association with lung function does not occur in severe asthma, presumably due to greater eosinophil extravasation, specifically of activated or pre-activated cells, in severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Johansson MW, Kruger SJ, Schiebler ML, Evans MD, Sorkness RL, Denlinger LC, Busse WW, Jarjour NN, Montgomery RR, Mosher DF, Fain SB. Markers of vascular perturbation correlate with airway structural change in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:167-78. [PMID: 23855693 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201301-0185oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Air trapping and ventilation defects on imaging are characteristics of asthma. Airway wall thickening occurs in asthma and is associated with increased bronchial vascularity and vascular permeability. Vascular endothelial cell products have not been explored as a surrogate to mark structural airway changes in asthma. OBJECTIVES Determine whether reporters of vascular endothelial cell perturbation correlate with airway imaging metrics in patients with asthma of varying severity. METHODS Plasma from Severe Asthma Research Program subjects was analyzed by ELISAs for soluble von Willebrand factor mature protein (VWF:Ag) and propeptide (VWFpp), P-selectin, and platelet factor 4. Additional subjects were analyzed over 48 hours after whole-lung antigen challenge. We calculated ventilation defect volume by hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging and areas of low signal density by multidetector computed tomography (less than -856 Hounsfield units [HU] at functional residual capacity and -950 HU at total lung capacity [TLC]). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS VWFpp and VWFpp/Ag ratio correlated with and predicted greater percentage defect volume on hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging. P-selectin correlated with and predicted greater area of low density on chest multidetector computed tomography less than -950 HU at TLC. Platelet factor 4 did not correlate. Following whole-lung antigen challenge, variation in VWFpp, VWFpp/Ag, and P-selectin among time-points was less than that among subjects, indicating stability and repeatability of the measurements. CONCLUSIONS Plasma VWFpp and P-selectin may be useful as surrogates of functional and structural defects that are evident on imaging. The results raise important questions about why VWFpp and P-selectin are associated specifically with different imaging abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 4285A Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Johansson MW, Gunderson KA, Kelly EAB, Denlinger LC, Jarjour NN, Mosher DF. Anti-IL-5 attenuates activation and surface density of β(2) -integrins on circulating eosinophils after segmental antigen challenge. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:292-303. [PMID: 23414537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-5 activates α(M) β(2) integrin on blood eosinophils in vitro. Eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) following segmental antigen challenge have activated β(2) -integrins. OBJECTIVE To identify roles for IL-5 in regulating human eosinophil integrins in vivo. METHODS Blood and BAL eosinophils were analysed by flow cytometry in ten subjects with allergic asthma who underwent a segmental antigen challenge protocol before and after anti-IL-5 administration. RESULTS Blood eosinophil reactivity with monoclonal antibody (mAb) KIM-127, which recognizes partially activated β(2) -integrins, was decreased after anti-IL-5. Before anti-IL-5, surface densities of blood eosinophil β(2) , α(M) and α(L) integrin subunits increased modestly post challenge. After anti-IL-5, such increases did not occur. Before or after anti-IL-5, surface densities of β(2) , α(M) , α(L) and α(D) and reactivity with KIM-127 and mAb CBRM1/5, which recognizes high-activity α(M) β(2) , were similarly high on BAL eosinophils 48 h post-challenge. Density and activation state of β(1) -integrins on blood and BAL eosinophils were not impacted by anti-IL-5, even though anti-IL-5 ablated a modest post-challenge increase on blood or BAL eosinophils of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), a receptor for P-selectin that causes activation of β(1) -integrins. Forward scatter of blood eosinophils post-challenge was less heterogeneous and on the average decreased after anti-IL-5; however, anti-IL-5 had no effect on the decreased forward scatter of eosinophils in post-challenge BAL compared with eosinophils in blood. Blood eosinophil KIM-127 reactivity at the time of challenge correlated with the percentage of eosinophils in BAL post-challenge. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IL-5 supports a heterogeneous population of circulating eosinophils with partially activated β(2) -integrins and is responsible for up-regulation of β(2) -integrins and PSGL-1 on circulating eosinophils following segmental antigen challenge but has minimal effects on properties of eosinophils in BAL. Dampening of β(2) -integrin function of eosinophils in transit to inflamed airway may contribute to the decrease in lung inflammation caused by anti-IL-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Johansson MW, Annis DS, Mosher DF. α(M)β(2) integrin-mediated adhesion and motility of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils on periostin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:503-10. [PMID: 23306834 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0150oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein that is up-regulated by T helper cell type 2 cytokines in the asthmatic airway and implicated in mouse studies as promoting eosinophil recruitment. We asked whether periostin modulates eosinophil adhesion and motility in vitro. Periostin adsorbed to polystyrene supported adhesion of purified human blood eosinophils stimulated by IL-5, IL-3, or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but did not support adhesion of eosinophils treated with IL-4 or IL-13. The degree of adhesion depended on the concentrations of periostin during coating and activating cytokine during the adhesion assay. Both full-length periostin and alternatively spliced periostin, lacking C-terminal exons 17, 18, 19, and 21, supported adhesion. Adhesion was inhibited by monoclonal antibody to α(M) or β(2) integrin subunits, but not by antibodies to other eosinophil integrin subunits. Adsorbed periostin also supported α(M)β(2)-dependent random motility of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils with optimal movement at an intermediate coating concentration. In the presence of IL-5, eosinophils adherent on periostin formed punctate structures positive for filamentous actin, gelsolin, and phosphotyrosine. These structures fit the criteria for podosomes, highly dynamic adhesive contacts that are distinct from classical focal adhesions. The results establish α(M)β(2) (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1) as an adhesive and promigratory periostin receptor on cytokine-stimulated eosinophils, and suggest that periostin may function as a haptotactic stimulus able to guide eosinophils to areas of high periostin density in the asthmatic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Abstract
Eosinophil arrest and recruitment to the airway in asthma are mediated, at least in part, by integrins. Eosinophils express α4β1, α6β1, αLβ2, αMβ2, αXβ2, αDβ2, and α4β7 integrins, which interact with counter-receptors on other cells or ligands in the extracellular matrix. Whether a given integrin-ligand pair mediates cell adhesion and migration depends on the activation state of the integrin. Integrins exist in an inactive bent, an intermediate-activity extended closed, and a high-activity extended open conformation. Integrin activation states can be monitored by conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Studies in mice indicate that both β1 and β2 integrins mediate eosinophil recruitment to the lung. In vitro studies indicate that α4β1 and αMβ2 are the principal integrins mediating eosinophil adhesion, including to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and the novel αMβ2 ligand periostin. In vivo, blood eosinophils have intermediate-activity β1 integrins, as judged by mAb N29, apparently resulting from eosinophil binding of P-selectin on the surface of activated platelets, and have a proportion of their β2 integrins in the intermediate conformation, as judged by mAb KIM-127, apparently due to exposure to low concentrations of interleukin-5 (IL-5). Airway eosinophils recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) after segmental antigen challenge have high-activity β1 integrins and high-activity αMβ2 that does not require IL-5. Here we review information on how the activation states of eosinophil β1 and β2 integrins correlate with measurements of eosinophil recruitment and pulmonary function in asthma. Blood eosinophil N29 reactivity is associated with decreased lung function under various circumstances in non-severe asthma and KIM-127 with BAL eosinophil numbers, indicating that intermediate-activity α4β1 and αMβ2 of blood eosinophils are important for eosinophil arrest and consequently for recruitment and aspects of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
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Johansson MW, Han ST, Gunderson KA, Busse WW, Jarjour NN, Mosher DF. Platelet activation, P-selectin, and eosinophil β1-integrin activation in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:498-507. [PMID: 22227382 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201109-1712oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Eosinophil β1-integrin activation correlates inversely with FEV1 and directly with eosinophil-bound P-selectin in subjects with nonsevere allergic asthma. OBJECTIVES Determine the relationships between β1-integrin activation and pulmonary function or eosinophil-bound P-selectin in subjects with asthma of varying severity and discern the source of eosinophil-bound P-selectin. METHODS Blood was assayed by flow cytometry for P-selectin and activated β1-integrin on eosinophils and platelets. Plasma was analyzed with ELISA for soluble P-selectin, platelet factor 4, and thrombospondin-1. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Activated β1-integrin correlated with eosinophil-bound P-selectin among all subjects with asthma even though activated β1-integrin was higher in subjects with nonsevere asthma than severe asthma. Activated β1-integrin correlated inversely with FEV1 corrected for FVC only in younger subjects with nonsevere asthma. Paradoxically, platelet surface P-selectin, a platelet activation marker, was low in subjects with severe asthma, whereas plasma platelet factor 4, a second platelet activation marker, was high. Correlations indicated that P-selectin-positive platelets complexed to eosinophils are the major source of the eosinophil-bound P-selectin associated with β1-integrin activation. After whole-lung antigen challenge of subjects with nonsevere asthma, a model of asthma exacerbation known to cause platelet activation, circulating eosinophils bearing P-selectin and activated β1-integrin disappeared. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between eosinophil β1-integrin activation and pulmonary function was replicated only for younger subjects with nonsevere asthma. However, we infer that platelet activation and binding of activated platelets to eosinophils followed by P-selectin-mediated eosinophil β1-integrin activation occur in both nonsevere and severe asthma with rapid movement of platelet-eosinophil complexes into the lung in more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA.
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Abstract
Activation of β(1) integrins of blood eosinophils, assessed by mAb N29, correlates inversely with FEV(1) in two paradigms for studying control of human asthma. We asked whether P-selectin causes eosinophil β(1) integrin activation and results in increased adhesivity. By dual-label flow cytometry, eosinophils with high levels of surface-associated P-selectin had higher reactivity with the activation-sensitive anti-β(1) mAbs N29, 8E3, and 9EG7 than eosinophils with no or with a low-level of surface-associated P-selectin. Among patients with nonsevere asthma, surface P-selectin correlated with N29, 8E3, and 9EG7 signals. By immunofluorescence microscopy, surface-associated P-selectin was present in patches on eosinophils, some of which stained for the platelet marker thrombospondin-1. Activated β(1) and P-selectin partially colocalized on eosinophils. Soluble P-selectin added to whole blood enhanced activation of eosinophil β(1), but not β(2), integrins. In contrast, IL-5 activated eosinophil β(2), but not β(1), integrins. Eosinophils that did not attach to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in a static adhesion assay had a lower N29 signal than the original population. Soluble P-selectin added to whole blood enhanced eosinophil adhesion to VCAM-1. These findings are compatible with a scenario whereby P-selectin, on eosinophil-associated activated platelets or acquired from plasma or from prior interactions with endothelial cells or platelets, activates eosinophil α(4)β(1) integrin and stimulates eosinophils to adhere to VCAM-1 and move to the airway in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 4285A, Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Johansson MW, Kelly EAB, Busse WW, Jarjour NN, Mosher DF. Up-regulation and activation of eosinophil integrins in blood and airway after segmental lung antigen challenge. J Immunol 2008; 180:7622-35. [PMID: 18490765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that there are clinically relevant differences in eosinophil integrin expression and activation in patients with asthma. To evaluate this, surface densities and activation states of integrins on eosinophils in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 19 asthmatic subjects were studied before and 48 h after segmental Ag challenge. At 48 h, there was increased expression of alpha(D) and the N29 epitope of activated beta(1) integrins on blood eosinophils and of alpha(M), beta(2), and the mAb24 epitope of activated beta(2) integrins on airway eosinophils. Changes correlated with the late-phase fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) after whole-lung inhalation of the Ag that was subsequently used in segmental challenge and were greater in subjects defined as dual responders. Increased surface densities of alpha(M) and beta(2) and activation of beta(2) on airway eosinophils correlated with the concentration of IL-5 in BAL fluid. Activation of beta(1) and beta(2) on airway eosinophils correlated with eosinophil percentage in BAL. Thus, eosinophils respond to an allergic stimulus by activation of integrins in a sequence that likely promotes eosinophilic inflammation of the airway. Before challenge, beta(1) and beta(2) integrins of circulating eosinophils are in low-activation conformations and alpha(D)beta(2) surface expression is low. After Ag challenge, circulating eosinophils adopt a phenotype with activated beta(1) integrins and up-regulated alpha(D)beta(2), changes that are predicted to facilitate eosinophil arrest on VCAM-1 in bronchial vessels. Finally, eosinophils present in IL-5-rich airway fluid have a hyperadhesive phenotype associated with increased surface expression of alpha(M)beta(2) and activation of beta(2) integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI53706, USA.
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Barthel SR, Johansson MW, McNamee DM, Mosher DF. Roles of integrin activation in eosinophil function and the eosinophilic inflammation of asthma. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 83:1-12. [PMID: 17906117 PMCID: PMC2859217 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0607344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. Integrins are highly versatile cellular receptors that regulate extravasation of eosinophils from the postcapillary segment of the bronchial circulation to the airway wall and airspace. Such movement into the asthmatic lung is described as a sequential, multistep paradigm, whereby integrins on circulating eosinophils become activated, eosinophils tether in flow and roll on bronchial endothelial cells, integrins on rolling eosinophils become further activated as a result of exposure to cytokines, eosinophils arrest firmly to adhesive ligands on activated endothelium, and eosinophils transmigrate to the airway in response to chemoattractants. Eosinophils express seven integrin heterodimeric adhesion molecules: alpha 4 beta 1 (CD49d/29), alpha 6 beta 1 (CD49f/29), alpha M beta 2 (CD11b/18), alpha L beta 2 (CD11a/18), alpha X beta 2 (CD11c/18), alpha D beta2 (CD11d/18), and alpha 4 beta 7 (CD49d/beta 7). The role of these integrins in eosinophil recruitment has been elucidated by major advances in the understanding of integrin structure, integrin function, and modulators of integrins. Such findings have been facilitated by cellular experiments of eosinophils in vitro, studies of allergic asthma in humans and animal models in vivo, and crystal structures of integrins. Here, we elaborate on how integrins cooperate to mediate eosinophil movement to the asthmatic airway. Antagonists that target integrins represent potentially promising therapies in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Barthel
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532
| | - Dawn M. McNamee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532
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Barthel SR, Annis DS, Mosher DF, Johansson MW. Differential engagement of modules 1 and 4 of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) by integrins alpha4beta1 (CD49d/29) and alphaMbeta2 (CD11b/18) of eosinophils. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:32175-87. [PMID: 16943205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600943200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied adhesion of eosinophils to various forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1, CD106), an integrin counter-receptor implicated in eosinophil recruitment to the airway in asthma. Full-length 7d-VCAM-1, with seven immunoglobulin-like modules, contains integrin-binding sites in modules 1 and 4. The alternatively spliced six-module protein, 6d-VCAM-1, lacks module 4. In static assays, unactivated purified human blood eosinophils adhered similarly to recombinant soluble human 6d-VCAM-1 and 7d-VCAM-1 coated onto polystyrene microtiter wells. Further experiments, however, revealed differences in recognition of modules 1 and 4. Antibody blocking indicated that eosinophil adhesion to 6d-VCAM-1 or a VCAM-1 construct containing only modules 1-3, 1-3VCAM-1, is mediated by alpha4beta1 (CD49d/29), whereas adhesion to a construct containing modules 4-7, 4-7VCAM-1, is mediated by bothalpha4beta1 andalphaMbeta2 (CD11b/18). Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which block adhesion of eosinophils mediated by alphaMbeta2, blocked adhesion to 4-7VCAM-1 but had no effect on adhesion to 6d-VCAM-1. Consistent with the antibody and pharmacological blocking experiments, eosinophilic leukemic cell lines lacking alphaMbeta2 did not adhere to 4-7VCAM-1 but did adhere to 6d-VCAM-1 or 1-3VCAM-1. Activation of eosinophils by interleukin (IL)-5 enhanced static adhesion to 6d-VCAM-1, 7d-VCAM-1, or 4-7VCAM-1; IL-5-enhanced adhesion to all 3 constructs was blocked by anti-alphaMbeta2. Adhesion of unstimulated eosinophils to 7d-VCAM-1 under flow conditions was inhibited by anti-alpha4 or anti-alphaM. IL-5 treatment decreased eosinophil adhesion to 7d-VCAM-1 under flow, and anti-alphaM had the paradoxical effect of increasing adhesion. These results demonstrate that alphaMbeta2 modulatesalpha4beta1-mediated eosinophil adhesion to VCAM-1 under both static and flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Barthel
- Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 4285A Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1532, USA
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Barthel SR, Johansson MW, Annis DS, Mosher DF. Cleavage of human 7-domain VCAM-1 (CD106) by thrombin. Thromb Haemost 2006; 95:873-80. [PMID: 16676080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1, CD106) is expressed as a type I transmembrane integrin counter-receptor on activated endothelium and mediates white blood cell attachment. The alternatively spliced 7-domain (7d) form of VCAM-1 contains a potential thrombin cleavage site. Thrombin proteolysis of 7d-VCAM-1 may help regulate adhesive activity ofVCAM-1. We determined whether 7d-VCAM-1 is proteolyzed and rendered inactive by thrombin. Recombinant extracellular domain of 7d-VCAM-1 was cleaved by thrombin to generate 33- and 44-kDa products. Cleavage was in the sequence PGPR/IAAQIG near the N-terminal border of the alternatively spliced fourth immunoglobulin (Ig)-like module. There was no cleavage of 6d-VCAM-1 lacking the fourth module. Expression of full-length 7d-VCAM-1 presented on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) monolayers, as detected by flow cytometry with an antibody directed to Ig-like modules 1-3, was reduced by thrombin treatment whereas there was no reduction in the expression of full-length 6d-VCAM-1. Adhesion of blood eosinophils to full-length 7d-VCAM-1 was reduced after treatment of CHO cells with thrombin, whereas adhesion to full-length 6d-VCAM-1 was not affected. We conclude that cleavage of 7d-VCAM-1 by thrombin is a potential mechanism for differential regulation of VCAM-1 splice forms in white blood cell adhesion and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Barthel
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1532, USA
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Johansson MW, Barthel SR, Swenson CA, Evans MD, Jarjour NN, Mosher DF, Busse WW. Eosinophil beta 1 integrin activation state correlates with asthma activity in a blind study of inhaled corticosteroid withdrawal. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117:1502-4. [PMID: 16751021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Barthel SR, Jarjour NN, Mosher DF, Johansson MW. Dissection of the hyperadhesive phenotype of airway eosinophils in asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35:378-86. [PMID: 16601240 PMCID: PMC1550734 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0027oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by appearance of eosinophils in the airway. Eosinophils purified from the airway 48 h after segmental antigen challenge are described as exhibiting greater adhesion to albumin-coated surfaces via an unidentified beta2 integrin and increased expression of alphaMbeta2 (CD11b/18) compared with purified blood eosinophils. We have investigated the determinants of this hyperadhesive phenotype. Airway eosinophils exhibited increased reactivity with the CBRM1/5 anti-alphaM activation-sensitive antibody as well as enhanced adhesion to VCAM-1 (CD106) and diverse ligands, including albumin, ICAM-1 (CD54), fibrinogen, and vitronectin. Purified blood eosinophils did not adhere to the latter diverse ligands. Enhanced adhesion of airway eosinophils was blocked by anti-alphaMbeta2. Podosomes, structures implicated in cell movement and proteolysis of matrix proteins, were larger and more common on airway eosinophils adherent to VCAM-1 when compared with blood eosinophils. Incubation of blood eosinophils with IL-5 replicated the phenotype of airway eosinophils. That is, IL-5 enhanced recognition of alphaM by CBRM1/5; stimulated alphaMbeta2-mediated adhesion to VCAM-1, albumin, ICAM-1, fibrinogen, and vitronectin; and increased podosome formation on VCAM-1. Thus, the hyperadhesion of airway eosinophils after antigen challenge is mediated by upregulated and activated alphaMbeta2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Barthel
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4285A Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1532, USA
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Johansson MW, Lye MH, Barthel SR, Duffy AK, Annis DS, Mosher DF. Eosinophils adhere to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via podosomes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 31:413-22. [PMID: 15220135 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0099oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 supports specific eosinophil adhesion via alpha4beta1 integrin. We tested the hypothesis that adhesive contacts formed by eosinophils on VCAM-1 are different from focal adhesions formed by adherent fibroblasts. Eosinophils adherent on VCAM-1 formed punctate adhesions that fit the criteria for podosomes, highly dynamic structures found in adherent transformed fibroblasts, osteoclasts, and macrophages. The structures contained beta1 integrin subunit, phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, punctate filamentous actin, and gelsolin, a podosome marker. In contrast, nontransformed fibroblasts on VCAM-1 formed peripheral focal adhesions that were positive for alpha4, beta1, phosphotyrosine, vinculin, talin, and paxillin; negative for gelsolin; and associated with microfilaments. Phorbol myristate acetate or tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-5 stimulated podosome formation in adherent eosinophils. Because podosomes in tumor cells are associated with extracellular matrix degradation, we analyzed the VCAM-1 layer. VCAM-1 was lost under adherent eosinophils but not under adherent fibroblasts. This loss was inhibited by the metalloproteinase inhibitor ortho-phenanthroline and correlated with expression and podosome localization of a membrane-tethered metalloproteinase, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 8. Podosome-mediated VCAM-1 clearance may be a mechanism to regulate eosinophil arrest and extravasation in allergic conditions such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 4285A, Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1532, USA.
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Sritunyalucksana K, Wongsuebsantati K, Johansson MW, Söderhäll K. Peroxinectin, a cell adhesive protein associated with the proPO system from the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Dev Comp Immunol 2001; 25:353-363. [PMID: 11356216 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(01)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Upon activation of the prophenoloxidase activating system in the shrimp, Penaeus monodon, a cell adhesion activity in the haemolymph is generated. A cell adhesion assay showed that a high number of granular cells (60%) adhered to coverslips coated with a shrimp haemocyte lysate supernatant, whereas a very low number of cells adhered to coverslips coated with bovine serum albumin. Inhibition of adhesion by an antiserum against crayfish peroxinectin, a cell adhesion protein, revealed that the cell adhesion activity detected in shrimp haemocyte lysate supernatant might result from a peroxinectin-like molecule in shrimp. A cDNA clone encoding shrimp peroxinectin was isolated, which had an open reading frame of 2337 nucleotides, with a polyadenylation sequence and a poly A tail. It encodes a protein of 778 amino acids including a 20 amino acid signal peptide. The mature protein (758 amino acids) has a predicted molecular mass of 84.8kDa and an estimated pI of 9.0. Two putative integrin binding motifs, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and KGD (Lys-Gly-Asp), were found in shrimp peroxinectin. Sequence comparison shows that the shrimp protein is similar to crayfish peroxinectin (69%) and to various peroxidases and putative peroxidases from invertebrates and vertebrates. The shrimp peroxinectin cDNA also shows similarity (51%) to both Drosophila peroxinectin-related protein (AAF78217) and peroxidasin (S46224), an extracellular matrix protein combining an active peroxidase domain as well as immunoglobulin domains, leucine rich repeats and procollagen-like motif. However, the sequence similarity to both Drosophila molecules are mostly within the peroxidase domain. Northern blot analysis, using a non-peroxidase region in peroxinectin as a probe, revealed that peroxinectin is constitutively expressed in shrimp haemocyte and was reduced significantly in shrimp injected with a beta-1,3-glucan, laminarin, to mimic an infection with a fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sritunyalucksana
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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Huang TS, Wang H, Lee SY, Johansson MW, Söderhäll K, Cerenius L. A cell adhesion protein from the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, a serine proteinase homologue similar to Drosophila masquerade. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:9996-10001. [PMID: 10744675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.14.9996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a protein resembling masquerade, a serine proteinase homologue expressed during embryogenesis, larval, and pupal development in Drosophila melanogaster, was identified in hemocytes of the adult freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. The crayfish protein is similar to Drosophila masquerade in the following aspects: (a) overall sequence of the serine proteinase domain, such as the position of three putative disulfide bridges, glycine in the place of the catalytic serine residue, and the presence of a substrate-lining pocket typical for trypsins; (b) the presence of several copies of a disulfide-knotted motif in the putative propeptide. This masquerade-like protein is cleaved into a 27-kDa fragment, which could be detected by immunoblot analysis using an affinity-purified antibody against a synthetic peptide in the C-terminal domain of the protein. The 27-kDa protein could be immunoaffinity-purified from hemocyte lysate supernatant and exhibited cell adhesion activity in vitro, indicating that the C-terminal domain of the crayfish masquerade-like protein mediates cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Huang
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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