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Frustaci A, Verardo R, Galea N, Alfarano M, Magnocavallo M, Marchitelli L, Sansone L, Belli M, Cristina M, Frustaci E, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Long-Term Clinical-Pathologic Results of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Prehypertrophic Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032734. [PMID: 38563373 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited ability of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in removing globotriaosylceramide from cardiomyocytes is recognized for advanced Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM). Prehypertrophic FDCM is believed to be cured or stabilized by ERT. However, no pathologic confirmation is available. We report here on the long-term clinical-pathologic impact of ERT on prehypertrophic FDCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen patients with Fabry disease with left ventricular maximal wall thickness ≤10.5 mm at cardiac magnetic resonance required endomyocardial biopsy because of angina and ventricular arrhythmias. Endomyocardial biopsy showed coronary small-vessel disease in the angina cohort, and vacuoles in smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes ≈20% of the cell surface containing myelin bodies at electron microscopy. Patients received α-agalsidase in 8 cases, and β-agalsidase in 7 cases. Both groups experienced symptom improvement except 1 patients treated with α-agalsidase and 1 treated with β-agalsidase. After ERT administration ranging from 4 to 20 years, all patients had control cardiac magnetic resonance and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy because of persistence of symptoms or patient inquiry on disease resolution. In 13 asymptomatic patients with FDCM, left ventricular maximal wall thickness and left ventricular mass, cardiomyocyte diameter, vacuole surface/cell surface ratio, and vessels remained unchanged or minimally increased (left ventricular mass increased by <2%) even after 20 years of observation, and storage material was still present at electron microscopy. In 2 symptomatic patients, FDCM progressed, with larger and more engulfed by globotriaosylceramide myocytes being associated with myocardial virus-negative lymphocytic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS ERT stabilizes storage deposits and myocyte dimensions in 87% of patients with prehypertrophic FDCM. Globotriaosylceramide is never completely removed even after long-term treatment. Immune-mediated myocardial inflammation can overlap, limiting ERT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab IRCCS L. Spallanzani Rome Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab IRCCS L. Spallanzani Rome Italy
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Michele Magnocavallo
- Cardiology Division, Arrhythmology Unit S. Giovanni Calibita Hospital Rome Italy
| | - Livia Marchitelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Anatomy Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life San Raffaele Roma Open University Rome Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology IRCCS San Raffaele Roma Rome Italy
| | - Manuel Belli
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life San Raffaele Roma Open University Rome Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology IRCCS San Raffaele Roma Rome Italy
| | - Mario Cristina
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
- MEBIC Consortium and IRCCS San Raffaele Roma Rome Italy
| | - Emanuela Frustaci
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino Latina Italy
- MEBIC Consortium and IRCCS San Raffaele Roma Rome Italy
| | | | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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Russo MA, Garaci E, Frustaci A, Fini M, Costantini C, Oikonomou V, Nunzi E, Puccetti P, Romani L. Host-microbe tryptophan partitioning in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106994. [PMID: 37972721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The functional interdependencies between the molecular components of a biological process demand for a network medicine platform that integrates systems biology and network science, to explore the interactions among biological components in health and disease. Access to large-scale omics datasets (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics, etc.) has significantly advanced our opportunity along this direction. Studies utilizing these techniques have begun to provide us with a deeper understanding of how the interaction between the intestinal microbes and their host affects the cardiovascular system in health and disease. Within the framework of a multiomics network approach, we highlight here how tryptophan metabolism may orchestrate the host-microbes interaction in cardiovascular diseases and the implications for precision medicine and therapeutics, including nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Antonio Russo
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Frustaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Frustaci A, Borghetti V, Pentiricci S, Verardo R, Scialla R, Russo MA. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy caused by Fabry disease: implications for surgical myectomy. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3710-3713. [PMID: 37715354 PMCID: PMC10682850 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy can be the phenotype of storage disorders as Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. In this instance, its recognition through GLA gene analysis and preventive administration of enzyme replacement therapy may reduce heart failure risk of surgical septal myectomy (SSM). A 59-year-old man was referred for SSM as dyspnoea and low threshold muscle fatigue associated to severe left ventricular outflow obstruction (gradient of 100 mmHg) due to both interventricular septal hypertrophy and mitral leaflet systolic anterior motion were not controlled by metoprolol 100 mg bid. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and a complete left bundle branch block. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a preserved left ventricular (LV) contractility (ejection fraction 70%) but failed to reveal reduced T1 mapping and fibrosis of postero-lateral LV wall suggesting Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography documented increased LV end-diastolic pressure but normal coronary arteries. SSM was followed by acute renal and heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction declining to 35%. Histology of SSM showed regularly arranged severely enlarged cardiomyocytes containing extensive vacuoles that were intensely positive to immunofluorescence with anti-Gb3 antibodies and appeared at electron microscopy to consist of myelin bodies suggesting the diagnosis of FD. This entity was confirmed by low blood levels of alpha-galactosidase A (0.8 nmol/mL/h; NV > 1), high values of Lyso-Gb3 (5.85 nmol/L; NV < 2.3), and the presence of the pathogenic mutation c.644A>G in the exon 5 of GLA gene. This study emphasizes the importance of a genetic screening for FD before SSM be considered for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentino Borghetti
- Cardiac Surgery Complex Structure of the “S. Maria” Hospital of TerniTerniItaly
| | | | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology LabIRCCS L. SpallanzaniRomeItaly
| | - Rossella Scialla
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology LabIRCCS L. SpallanzaniRomeItaly
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC ConsortiumSan Raffaele Open University and (6) IRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRomeItaly
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Foglio E, D’Avorio E, Vitiello L, Masuelli L, Bei R, Pacifici F, Della-Morte D, Mirabilii S, Ricciardi MR, Tafuri A, Garaci E, Russo MA, Tafani M, Limana F. Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Senescence Is Alleviated Following Treatment with Combined Polyphenols and Micronutrients through Enhancement in Mitophagy. Cells 2023; 12:2605. [PMID: 37998340 PMCID: PMC10670650 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and impaired mitophagy are the hallmarks of cardiomyocyte senescence. Specifically, a decrease in mitophagic flux leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and the development of senescence through increased ROS and other mediators. In this study, we describe the preventive role of A5+, a mix of polyphenols and other micronutrients, in doxorubicin (DOXO)-induced senescence of H9C2 cells. Specifically, H9C2 cells exposed to DOXO showed an increase in the protein expression proteins of senescence-associated genes, p21 and p16, and a decrease in the telomere binding factors TRF1 and TRF2, indicative of senescence induction. Nevertheless, A5+ pre-treatment attenuated the senescent-like cell phenotype, as evidenced by inhibition of all senescent markers and a decrease in SA-β-gal staining in DOXO-treated H9C2 cells. Importantly, A5+ restored the LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, Parkin and BNIP3 expression, therefore rescuing mitophagy, and decreased ROS production. Further, A5+ pre-treatment determined a ripolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and improved basal respiration. A5+-mediated protective effects might be related to its ability to activate mitochondrial SIRT3 in synergy with other micronutrients, but in contrast with SIRT4 activation. Accordingly, SIRT4 knockdown in H9C2 cells further increased MnSOD activity, enhanced mitophagy, and reduced ROS generation following A5+ pre-treatment and DOXO exposure compared to WT cells. Indeed, we demonstrated that A5+ protects H9C2 cells from DOXO-induced senescence, establishing a new specific role for A5+ in controlling mitochondrial quality control by restoring SIRT3 activity and mitophagy, which provided a molecular basis for the development of therapeutic strategies against cardiomyocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Erica D’Avorio
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
| | | | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Simone Mirabilii
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Enrico Garaci
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Federica Limana
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Barreca F, Aventaggiato M, Vitiello L, Sansone L, Russo MA, Mai A, Valente S, Tafani M. SIRT5 Activation and Inorganic Phosphate Binding Reduce Cancer Cell Vitality by Modulating Autophagy/Mitophagy and ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1635. [PMID: 37627630 PMCID: PMC10451763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells show increased glutamine consumption. The glutaminase (GLS) enzyme controls a limiting step in glutamine catabolism. Breast tumors, especially the triple-negative subtype, have a high expression of GLS. Our recent study demonstrated that GLS activity and ammonia production are inhibited by sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). We developed MC3138, a selective SIRT5 activator. Treatment with MC3138 mimicked the deacetylation effect mediated by SIRT5 overexpression. Moreover, GLS activity was regulated by inorganic phosphate (Pi). Considering the interconnected roles of GLS, SIRT5 and Pi in cancer growth, our hypothesis is that activation of SIRT5 and reduction in Pi could represent a valid antitumoral strategy. Treating cells with MC3138 and lanthanum acetate, a Pi chelator, decreased cell viability and clonogenicity. We also observed a modulation of MAP1LC3B and ULK1 with MC3138 and lanthanum acetate. Interestingly, inhibition of the mitophagy marker BNIP3 was observed only in the presence of MC3138. Autophagy and mitophagy modulation were accompanied by an increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, our results show how SIRT5 activation and/or Pi binding can represent a valid strategy to inhibit cell proliferation by reducing glutamine metabolism and mitophagy, leading to a deleterious accumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barreca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Michele Aventaggiato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi Sansone
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.A.R.)
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.A.R.)
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.A.)
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Frustaci A, Verardo R, Magnocavallo M, Scialla R, Sansone L, Russo MA. Circulating Anti-GB3 Antibody as a Biomarker of Myocardial Inflammation in Patients with Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4068. [PMID: 37373761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM) has manifested some resistance to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), particularly in its advanced phase. Recently, myocardial inflammation of autoimmune origin has been demonstrated in FDCM. AIMS The objective of this study was the assessment of circulating anti-globotriaosylceramide (GB3) antibodies as potential biomarkers of myocardial inflammation in FDCM, defined by the additional presence of ≥CD3+ 7 T lymphocytes/low-power field associated with focal necrosis of adjacent myocytes. Its sensitivity was based on the evidence of overlapping myocarditis at left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. METHODS AND RESULTS From January 1996 to December 2021, 85 patients received a histological diagnosis of FDCM in our department and 48 (56.5%) of them had an overlapping myocardial inflammation with negative PCR for common cardiotropic viruses, positive antiheart, and antimyosin abs. The presence of anti-GB3 antibodies was evaluated with an in-house ELISA assay (BioGeM scarl Medical Investigational Research, MIR-Ariano Irpino, Italy), along with antiheart and antimyosin abs, in the FDCM patients and compared with control healthy individuals. The correlation between levels of circulating anti-GB3 autoantibody myocardial inflammation and FDCM severity was assessed. Anti-Gb3 antibodies were above the positivity cut-off in 87.5% of FDCM subjects with myocarditis (42 out of 48), while 81.1% of FDCM patients without myocarditis were identified as negative for Gb3 antibodies. Positive anti-Gb3 abs correlated with positive antiheart and antimyosin abs. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a potential positive role of anti-GB3 antibodies as a marker of overlapping cardiac inflammation in patients with FDCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Magnocavallo
- Arrhythmology Unit, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Scialla
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Sansone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, 00166 Roma, Italy
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, 00166 Roma, Italy
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Frustaci A, Verardo R, Russo MA, Caldarulo M, Alfarano M, Galea N, Miraldi F, Chimenti C. Infiltration of Conduction Tissue Is a Major Cause of Electrical Instability in Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051798. [PMID: 36902585 PMCID: PMC10003445 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathology of conduction tissue (CT) and relative arrhythmias in living subjects with cardiac amyloid have never been reported. AIMS To report CT pathology and its arrhythmic correlations in human cardiac amyloidosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In 17 out of 45 cardiac amyloid patients, a left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy included conduction tissue sections. It was identified by Aschoff-Monckeberg histologic criteria and positive immunostaining for HCN4. The degree of conduction tissue infiltration was defined as mild when ≤30%, moderate when 30-70% and severe when >70% cell area was replaced. Conduction tissue infiltration was correlated with ventricular arrhythmias, maximal wall thickness and type of amyloid protein. Mild involvement was observed in five cases, moderate in three and severe in nine. Involvement was associated with a parallel infiltration of conduction tissue artery. Conduction infiltration correlated with the severity of arrhythmias (Spearman rho = 0.8, p < 0.001). In particular, major ventricular tachyarrhythmias requiring pharmacologic treatment or ICD implantation occurred in seven patients with severe, one patient with moderate and none with mild conduction tissue infiltration. Pacemaker implantation was required in three patients, with complete conduction section replacement. No significant correlation was observed between the degree of conduction infiltration and age, cardiac wall thickness or type of amyloid protein. CONCLUSIONS Amyloid-associated cardiac arrhythmias correlate with the extent of conduction tissue infiltration. Its involvement is independent from type and severity of amyloidosis, suggesting a variable affinity of amyloid protein to conduction tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5517-0520
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Caldarulo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Department of Clinical Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Frustaci A, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Prednisone administration in inflammatory cardiomyopathy: caveat for potentially adverse myocardial actions. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1376. [PMID: 36806403 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University and IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via Val Cannuta, 247 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Val Cannuta, 247 00166 Rome, Italy
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Russo MA, Rafael S, Lopes D, Quinteiro P, Monteiro A. An integrated analysis of COVID-19 impacts on energy and environment: Lessons learnt. Atmos Pollut Res 2023; 14:101637. [PMID: 36540303 PMCID: PMC9754326 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon neutrality, sustainable development and reducing our impact on the environment is the top priority in future measures. The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges to every sector at a global scale but can provide valuable insight to reach these goals. The main objective of this work is to provide an integrated analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, focused on energy and its related aspects, i.e., environment and costs. Mainland Portugal was used as a case study and two years were analysed, one pre pandemic (2019) and another post pandemic (2020). In 2020, the majority of sectors - Transport, Services, Industry and Agriculture & Fisheries - show a reduction of energy consumption, atmospheric emissions, carbon footprint and related monetary and social costs. In contrast, the Domestic sector presents an overall increase, with maximums of 25.4% in electricity consumption (during Spring), 0.72% in the PM10 (particulate matter) and NOx (nitrogen dioxides) emissions (in Summer), and 2.9% in carbon footprint (in Spring). The integrated analysis proposed in this work was crucial to identify the paths to a post pandemic world focused on the different aspects of sustainability - new concepts of mobility and workplace, as well as increased investment in energy performance and renewable energy sources. This study showed that changing our energy consumption patterns could significantly affect future greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to the sustainable growth of the economy, while maintaining good progress towards climate-neutral goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Russo
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Rafael
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Lopes
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - P Quinteiro
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Monteiro
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Frustaci A, Verardo R, Galea N, Alfarano M, Sansone L, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Removal of cardiac AL amyloid with positive remodelling of cardiomyocytes and of restrictive cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:4330-4334. [PMID: 36056647 PMCID: PMC9773750 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe histological mobilization of light chain cardiac amyloid documented by sequential left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies. These findings were associated with positive remodelling of cardiomyocytes and of restrictive cardiomyopathy resulting from 14 courses of chemotherapy over 17 years of time. Histological and ultrastructural findings of light chain cardiac amyloid removal led to increase in cardiomyocyte dimension and electrocardiogram voltages, reduction of biventricular wall thickness with improvement of left ventricular diastolic function, and NYHA class shifting from III to I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular SciencesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology LabIRCCS L. SpallanzaniRomeItaly
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology LabIRCCS L. SpallanzaniRomeItaly
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular SciencesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Luigi Sansone
- MEBIC ConsortiumSan Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele RomaRomeItaly
| | | | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular SciencesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
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11
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Chimenti C, Russo MA, Frustaci A. Immunosuppressive therapy in virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: 20-year follow-up of the TIMIC trial. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3463-3473. [PMID: 35831932 PMCID: PMC9492235 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Long-term results of the Tailored IMmunosuppression in virus-negative Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy (TIMIC) trial protocol have been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-five patients with endomyocardial biopsy-proven virus-negative chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy were enrolled in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled TIMIC trial and received prednisone and azathioprine (n = 43) vs. placebo (n = 42) for 6 months. Immunosuppressive treatment promoted an improvement in cardiac function in 88% of the cases compared with none of the patients in the placebo group, which were switched to a 6-month immunosuppressive therapy at the end of the 6-month study period. Long-term (up to 20 years) clinical outcomes of the whole cohort of 85 patients originally enrolled in the TIMIC trial (Group A) were compared with those of a 1:2 propensity score-matched control cohort of patients untreated with the TIMIC protocol (Group B) and followed for a comparable period of time. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and heart transplantation. At long-term follow-up, the risk of cardiovascular death [hazard ratio (HR) 6.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.36-19.45] and heart transplantation (HR 7.92; 95% CI 1.80-34.88) was significantly higher in Group B patients. Group A showed a persistent improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction compared with Group B (HR 7.24; 95% CI 3.05-17.18). A higher number of Group B patients underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. The incidence of recurrent myocarditis was similar between groups, and patients with evidence of a recurrent cardiac inflammatory process promptly responded to a TIMIC protocol application. CONCLUSION Virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy benefits from immunosuppressive therapy even after long-term follow-up. Recurrence appears to respond to a new TIMIC protocol application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS ‘L. Spallanzani’, Rome, Italy
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12
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Frustaci A, Najafian B, Donato G, Verardo R, Chimenti C, Sansone L, Belli M, Vernucci E, Russo MA. Divergent Impact of Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Human Cardiomyocytes and Enterocytes Affected by Fabry Disease: Correlation with Mannose-6-phosphate Receptor Expression. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051344. [PMID: 35268433 PMCID: PMC8911518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on cardiomyocytes and intestinal cells, affected by Fabry disease (FD), is still unclear. Methods: Six patients with FD, including five family members with GLA mutation c.666delC and one with GLA mutation c.658C > T, manifesting cardiomyopathy and intestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea and malabsorption) were included in the study. Clinical outcome, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), endomyocardial and gastro-intestinal biopsies were evaluated before and after 2 years of treatment with agalsidase-α (0.2 mg/kg every other week). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assessments of mannose-6-phosphate receptors (IGF-II-R) on intestinal and myocardial frozen tissue were obtained at diagnosis and after 2 years of ERT. Results: After ERT left ventricular maximal wall thickness, ranging from pre (<10.5 mm) to mild (<15 mm) and moderate hypertrophy (16 mm), was not associated with significant changes at CMR. Degree of dyspnea, mean cardiomyocyte diameter and % vacuolated areas of cardiomyocytes, representing intracellular GL3, remained unmodified. In contrast, intestinal symptoms improved with disappearance of diarrhea, recovery of anemia and weight gain, correlating with near complete clearance of the enterocytes from GL3 inclusions. IGF-II-R expression was remarkably higher even at histochemistry in intestinal tissue compared with myocardium (p < 0.001) either at baseline and after ERT, thus justifying intestinal recovery. Conclusions: Human cells affected by FD may respond differently to ERT: while cardiomyocytes retain their GL3 content after 2 years of treatment, gastro-intestinal cells show GL3 removal with recovery of function. This divergent response may be related to differences in cellular turnover, as well as tissue IGF-II-R expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.V.)
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Behzad Najafian
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, La Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.V.)
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Manuel Belli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Enza Vernucci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Rome, Italy
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (A.F., G.L., V.M., N.G.)
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (R.V.)
| | - Giancarlo Labbadia
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (A.F., G.L., V.M., N.G.).,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (R.V.)
| | - Vito Menafra
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (A.F., G.L., V.M., N.G.).,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (R.V.)
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (A.F., G.L., V.M., N.G.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy (M.A.R.)
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14
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Foglio E, Pellegrini L, Russo MA, Limana F. HMGB1-Mediated Activation of the Inflammatory-Reparative Response Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020216. [PMID: 35053332 PMCID: PMC8773872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cell types belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system play mutually non-exclusive roles during the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response that occurs following myocardial infarction. A timely and finely regulation of their action is fundamental for the process to properly proceed. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear protein that in the extracellular space can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) involved in a large variety of different processes, such as inflammation, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration, has recently emerged as a possible regulator of the activity of different immune cell types in the distinct phases of the inflammatory reparative process. Moreover, by activating endogenous stem cells, inducing endothelial cells, and by modulating cardiac fibroblast activity, HMGB1 could represent a master regulator of the inflammatory and reparative responses following MI. In this review, we will provide an overview of cellular effectors involved in these processes and how HMGB1 intervenes in regulating each of them. Moreover, we will summarize HMGB1 roles in regulating other cell types that are involved in the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response, discussing how its redox status could affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and MEBIC Consortium, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Russo MA, Ruivo L, Carvalho D, Martins N, Monteiro A. Decarbonizing the energy supply one pandemic at a time. Energy Policy 2021; 159:112644. [PMID: 36246728 PMCID: PMC9554235 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explores different energy consumption vectors during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal. Most of the workforce started working from home and resource consumption significantly shifted towards the domestic sector. The ensuing confinement protocols caused a shift in everyday life, which in turn significantly altered the energy supply and demand landscape. This event, although catastrophic in terms of loss of human life and economic development, can provide us with valuable data to study the potential of new strategies to achieve EU 2050 Energy goals. It was investigated whether the pandemic has opened a path and provided us with a partial answer to decarbonization in the form of home office practices as a possible energy efficiency measure. The present study shows that, in Portugal, there was a 15.7% reduction of primary energy consumption (accounting for electricity, natural gas and transport fuels) compared to 2019. The data suggest that actions targeting reduced mobility, such as home office practices and the decentralization of the workforce, could be a relevant energy efficiency measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Russo
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - L Ruivo
- CICECO and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Carvalho
- CESAM and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Martins
- TEMA and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Monteiro
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Simpson BA, Christelis N, Russo MA, Stanton-Hicks M, Barolat G, Thomson S. Failed back surgery syndrome: a term overdue for replacement. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:3029-3030. [PMID: 34467437 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B A Simpson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
| | - N Christelis
- Pain Specialists Australia, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - M A Russo
- Hunter Pain Specialists, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia
| | - M Stanton-Hicks
- Department of Pain Management, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G Barolat
- Barolat Neurosciences, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S Thomson
- Mid and South, Essex University Hospitals, Basildon, UK
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17
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Frustaci A, Letizia C, Chimenti C, Verardo R, Alfarano M, Scialla R, Bagnato G, Miraldi F, Sansone L, Russo MA. Myocardial Aldosterone Receptor and Aquaporin 1 Up-Regulation Is Associated with Cardiomyocyte Remodeling in Human Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214854. [PMID: 34768373 PMCID: PMC8585058 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal aldosterone signaling is a recognized source of cardiovascular damage. Its influence on cardiomyocyte structure, function, and hormonal receptors when associated with heart failure is still unreported. Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients with heart failure (LVEF < 40%) and normal coronaries and valves underwent left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) for evaluation of myocardial substrate. Biopsy samples were processed for histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis of myocardial aldosterone receptor and aquaporin-1 correlated with plasma aldosterone (AD) and renin activity (PRA). Eight patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) had a control EMB after 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy and recovery of cardiac function with re-evaluation of cardiomyocyte structure and receptor expression. Results: EMB in addition to the diagnosis of myocarditis (15 cases), dilated cardiomyopathy CM (6), alcohol CM (2), and diabetic CM (3) showed vacuolar degeneration and cloudy swelling of cardiomyocytes corresponding at electron microscopy to ions and water accumulation into cytosol, membrane-bound vesicles, nucleus, and other organelles, and was associated with an increased AD, PRA, and myocardial expression of aldosterone receptor (2.6 fold) and aquaporin 1 (2.7 fold). In the 8 patients recovered from ICM, cardiomyocyte diameter reduced with disappearance of intracellular vacuoles and normalization of cytosol, nucleus, and cell organelles’ electron-density, along with down-regulation of aldosterone receptor and aquaporin-1. Conclusion: Human heart failure is associated with overexpression of myocardial aldosterone receptor and aquaporin-1. These molecular changes are paralleled by intracellular water overloading and cardiomyocyte swelling and dysfunction. Cardiac recovery is accompanied by down-regulation of hormonal receptors and normalization of cell structure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.A.); (F.M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5517-0520
| | - Claudio Letizia
- Department of Translation Medicine and Precision, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.A.); (F.M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Rossella Scialla
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bagnato
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy; (R.V.); (R.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, 00163 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
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18
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Pontemezzo E, Foglio E, Vernucci E, Magenta A, D’Agostino M, Sileno S, Astanina E, Bussolino F, Pellegrini L, Germani A, Russo MA, Limana F. miR-200c-3p Regulates Epitelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Epicardial Mesothelial Cells by Targeting Epicardial Follistatin-Related Protein 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4971. [PMID: 34067060 PMCID: PMC8125323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key step during heart development, is involved in cardiac tissue repair following myocardial infarction (MI). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators in EMT processes; however, the mechanisms by which miRNAs target epicardial EMT remain largely unknown. Here, by using an in vitro model of epicardial EMT, we investigated the role of miRNAs as regulators of this process and their potential targets. EMT was induced in murine epicardial-mesothelial cells (EMCs) through TGF β1 treatment for 48, 72, and 96 h as indicated by the expression of EMT-related genes by qRT-PCR, WB, and immunofluorescence. Further, enhanced expression of stemness genes was also detected. Among several EMT-related miRNAs, miR-200c-3p expression resulted as the most strongly suppressed. Interestingly, we also found a significant upregulation of Follistatin-related protein 1 (FSTL1), a miR-200c predicted target already identified as a potent cardiogenic factor produced by epicardial cells that promotes regeneration following MI. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-200c-3p directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of FSTL1 in EMCs. Consistently, WB analysis showed that knockdown of miR-200c-3p significantly increased FSTL1 expression, whereas overexpression of miR-200c-3p counteracted TGF β1-mediated FSTL1 upregulation. Importantly, FSTL1 silencing maintained epithelial features in EMCs, despite EMT induction by TGF β1, and attenuated EMT-associated traits, including migration and stemness. In conclusion, epicardial FSTL1, an important cardiogenic factor in its secreted form, induces EMT, stemness, and migration of EMCs in a miR-200c-3p dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pontemezzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.F.); (E.V.); (L.P.)
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.F.); (E.V.); (L.P.)
| | - Enza Vernucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.F.); (E.V.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D’Agostino
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Sara Sileno
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.A.); (F.B.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.A.); (F.B.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.F.); (E.V.); (L.P.)
| | - Antonia Germani
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.); (S.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana and MEBIC Consortium, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Frustaci A, De Luca A, Galea N, Verardo R, Guida V, Carrozzo R, Chimenti C, Frustaci E, Sansone L, Russo MA. Novel dilated cardiomyopathy associated to Calreticulin and Myo7A gene mutation in Usher syndrome. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:2310-2315. [PMID: 33835720 PMCID: PMC8120391 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel cardiomyopathy associated to Usher syndrome and related to combined mutation of MYO7A and Calreticulin genes. A 37‐year‐old man with deafness and vision impairment because of retinitis pigmentosa since childhood and a MYO7A gene mutation suggesting Usher syndrome, developed a dilated cardiomyopathy with ventricular tachyarrhythmias and recurrent syncope. At magnetic resonance cardiomyopathy was characterized by left ventricular dilatation with hypo‐contractility and mitral prolapse with valve regurgitation. At left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy, it was documented cardiomyocyte disconnection because of cytoskeletal disorganization of cell‐to‐cell contacts, including intercalated discs, and mitochondrial damage and dysfunction with significant reduction of adenosine triphosphate production in patient cultured fibroblasts. At an extensive analysis by next‐generation‐sequencing of 4183 genes potentially related to the cardiomyopathy a pathogenic mutation of calreticulin was found. The cardiomyopathy appeared to be functionally and electrically stabilized by a combination therapy including carvedilol and amiodarone at a follow‐up of 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular SciencesSapienza UniversityViale del Policlinico 155Rome00161Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology LabIRCCS L. SpallanzaniRomeItaly
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics DivisionFondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology LabIRCCS L. SpallanzaniRomeItaly
| | - Valentina Guida
- Medical Genetics DivisionFondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and NeurorehabilitationIRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular SciencesSapienza UniversityViale del Policlinico 155Rome00161Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology LabIRCCS L. SpallanzaniRomeItaly
| | | | - Luigi Sansone
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular PathologyIRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRomeItaly
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC ConsortiumSan Raffaele Open University and IRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRomeItaly
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Magrone T, Magrone M, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Taking Advantage of Plant Defense Mechanisms to Promote Human Health. Exploitation of Plant Natural Products for Preventing or Treating Human Disease. Second of Two Parts. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1961-1973. [PMID: 33372886 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666201229125400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have represented an essential source of foods for human beings, as confirmed by archeological studies that have revealed on old pottery the presence of proteins from cereal and legumes. SPECIFIC AIMS In this review, major healthy effects derived from the consumption of plant fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and polyphenols, respectively, will be described with special emphasis on their mechanisms of action, both at cellular and molecular levels. Dietary compounds: Fibers exhibit a prevalent prebiotic effect, acting on the intestinal microbiota with the production of protective metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids. Plant PUFAs include α-linolenic and stearidonic acids, which are precursors of other two major PUFAs, namely, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Some clinical trials demonstrated the ability of PUFAs to lower the risk of coronary disease, while other trials did not confirm such a finding. Polyphenols are endowed with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in view of their property to inhibit NF-κB activation, to induce the anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells and to normalize the intestinal microbiota. The beneficial effects of polyphenols on obesity/diabetes, allergic/autoimmune and inflammatory disease are elucidated. CONCLUSION Plants are one of the major sources of healthy dietary products, whose exploitation may promote prevention of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari. Italy
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari. Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome. Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari. Italy
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21
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Pellegrini L, Foglio E, Pontemezzo E, Germani A, Russo MA, Limana F. Cardiac Repair: The Intricate Crosstalk between the Epicardium and the Myocardium. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:661-673. [PMID: 32072905 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200219105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidences support the hypothesis that the epicardium has a role in cardiac repair and regeneration in part providing, by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), progenitor cells that differentiate into cardiac cell types and in part releasing paracrine factors that contribute to cardiac repair. Besides cell contribution, a significant paracrine communication occurs between the epicardium and the myocardium that improves the whole regenerative response. Signaling pathways underlying this communication are multiple as well as soluble factors involved in cardiac repair and secreted both by myocardial and epicardial cells. Most recently, extracellular vesicles, i.e. exosomes, that accumulate in the pericardial fluid (PF) and are able to transport bioactive molecules (cytosolic proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs), have been also identified as potential mediators of epicardial-mediated repair following myocardial injury. CONCLUSION This mini-review provides an overview of the epicardial-myocardial signaling in regulating cardiac repair in ischemic heart diseases. Indeed, a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between myocardial and epicardial cells and how paracrine mechanisms are involved in the context of ischemic heart diseases would be of tremendous help in developing novel therapeutic approaches to promote cardiomyocytes survival and heart regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pontemezzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Germani
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana and MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome and San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
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22
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Frustaci A, Galea N, Verardo R, Francone M, Alfarano M, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Kappa-light Chain Amyloid Overlapping Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Noncompaction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:e010379. [PMID: 32605379 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.119.010379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., M.A., C.C.), Sapienza University, Rome.,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome (A.F., R.V., C.C.)
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Experimental Medicine (N.G., M.F.), Sapienza University, Rome
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome (A.F., R.V., C.C.)
| | - Marco Francone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (N.G., M.F.), Sapienza University, Rome
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., M.A., C.C.), Sapienza University, Rome
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Lab, IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (M.A.R.)
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., M.A., C.C.), Sapienza University, Rome.,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome (A.F., R.V., C.C.)
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23
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Ilari S, Giancotti LA, Lauro F, Dagostino C, Gliozzi M, Malafoglia V, Sansone L, Palma E, Tafani M, Russo MA, Tomino C, Fini M, Salvemini D, Mollace V, Muscoli C. Antioxidant modulation of sirtuin 3 during acute inflammatory pain: The ROS control. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104851. [PMID: 32423865 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced post-translational protein modifications are associated with the development of inflammatory hypersensitivities. At least 90% of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the mitochondria, where the mitochondrial antioxidant, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), is located. MnSOD's ability to reduce ROS is enhanced by the mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT3). SIRT3 can reduce ROS levels by deacetylating MnSOD and enhancing its ability to neutralize ROS or by enhancing the transcription of MnSOD and other oxidative stress-responsive genes. SIRT3 can be post-translationally modified through carbonylation which results in loss of activity. The contribution of post-translational SIRT3 modifications in central sensitization is largely unexplored. Our results reveal that SIRT3 carbonylation contributes to spinal MnSOD inactivation during carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Moreover, inhibiting ROS with natural and synthetic antioxidants, prevented SIRT3 carbonylation, restored the enzymatic activity of MnSOD, and blocked the development of thermal hyperalgesia. These results suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting post-translational modifications of SIRT3 may provide beneficial outcomes in pain states where ROS have been documented to play an important role in the development of central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ilari
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigino Antonio Giancotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Filomena Lauro
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Concetta Dagostino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Malafoglia
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy; Institute for Research on Pain, ISAL Foundation, Torre Pedrera, RN, Italy
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy.
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24
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Frustaci A, Scarpa M, Maria da Riol R, Agrati C, Finato N, Verardo R, Grande C, Chimenti C, Di Nora C, Russo MA, Livi U. Fabry cardiomyopathy: Gb3-induced auto-reactive panmyocarditis requiring heart transplantation. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1331-1337. [PMID: 32347011 PMCID: PMC7261584 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a major therapeutic challenge in Fabry disease (FD). Recent reports attribute to immune‐mediated inflammation a main role in promoting disease progression and resistance to ERT. Aim of the study is to report a Gb3‐induced auto‐reactive panmyocarditis causing inefficacy of ERT and severe electrical instability, which required cardiac transplantation. Examining the explanted heart from a 57‐year‐old man with FD cardiomyopathy (CM) on 3‐year ERT presenting incoming ventricular fibrillation, we documented a severe virus‐negative myocarditis extended to cardiomyocytes, intramural coronary vessels, conduction tissue, and subepicardial ganglia. Serology was positive for anti‐Gb3, anti‐heart, and anti‐myosin antibodies. In vitro Gb3 stimulation of patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced high amount production of inflammatory cytokine IL1‐β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α. PBMC were stained using the monoclonal antibodies CD3‐V500, CD4‐V450, CD8‐APCcy7, CD45RO‐PerCPcy5.5 and CD27‐FITC from BD Biosciences and CD56‐PC7 from Bekman Coulter. The phenotypic analysis of PBMC showed a lower frequency of CD8 (9.2%) vs. 19.3% and NKT cells (1.6% vs. 2.4%) in Fabry patient respect to healthy donor, suggesting a possible homing to peripheral tissues. A Gb3‐induced auto‐reactive myocarditis is suggested as a possible cause of FDCM progression and ERT resistance. Immune‐mediated inflammation of systemic Fabry cells may coexist and be controlled by implemental immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Regional Coordinating Center for Rare Diseases, Udine University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalia Maria da Riol
- Regional Coordinating Center for Rare Diseases, Udine University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, INMI L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Finato
- Department of Medicine, Pathologic Anatomy Unit, University of Udine, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Grande
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugolini Livi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Udine University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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25
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Frustaci A, Russo MA, Sansone L, Francone M, Verardo R, Grande C, Alfarano M, Chimenti C. Heart Failure From Gouty Myocarditis: A Case Report. Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:363-365. [PMID: 31791061 DOI: 10.7326/l19-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Sapienza University and IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., C.C.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- San Raffaele Open University and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (M.A.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Chimenti
- Sapienza University and IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., C.C.)
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26
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Magrone T, Spagnoletta A, Magrone M, Russo MA, Corriero A, Jirillo E, Passantino L. Effects of Polyphenol Administration to European Farmed Sea Bass ( Dicentrharcus labrax L.): Special Focus on Hepatopancreas Morphology. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:526-533. [PMID: 30306883 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666181009111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hepatopancreas is an accessory organ associated with the liver in some fish, even including sea bass (Dicentrharcus labrax L.). Hepatopancreas contains an exocrine portion but until now its function has poorly been investigated. METHODS Here, European farmed sea bass have been treated with a feed enriched in polyphenols extracted from seeds of red grape (Nero di Troia cultivar) at two different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) from day 273 to day 323. In fish samples, hepatopancreas area sizes have been measured to evaluate the effects of this dietary regimen on its morphology. RESULTS Quite interestingly, in treated fish area sizes of hepatopancreas were higher than those detected in untreated fish. Two hundred mg dose of polyphenols was more effective than that of 100 mg/kg polyphenols. Finally, hepatic polyphenol concentration was diminished in fish receiving 100 mg dose polyphenols and normalized with 200 mg dose in comparison to untreated fish. This evidence suggests the utilization of polyphenols for liver function, even including hepatopancreas development. CONCLUSION Our data suggest an expansion of hepatopancreas induced by polyphenol administration that is also associated with less mortality in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,ENEA Research Centre Trisaia, Laboratory "BioProducts and BioProcesses", Rotondella (MT), Italy
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Corriero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Letizia Passantino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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27
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Magrone T, Magrone M, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Recent Advances on the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Red Grape Polyphenols: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E35. [PMID: 31906123 PMCID: PMC7022464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, special emphasis will be placed on red grape polyphenols for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, their capacity to inhibit major pathways responsible for activation of oxidative systems and expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines will be discussed. Furthermore, regulation of immune cells by polyphenols will be illustrated with special reference to the activation of T regulatory cells which support a tolerogenic pathway at intestinal level. Additionally, the effects of red grape polyphenols will be analyzed in obesity, as a low-grade systemic inflammation. Also, possible modifications of inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers and clinical course have been studied upon polyphenol administration, either in animal models or in clinical trials. Moreover, the ability of polyphenols to cross the blood-brain barrier has been exploited to investigate their neuroprotective properties. In cancer, polyphenols seem to exert several beneficial effects, even if conflicting data are reported about their influence on T regulatory cells. Finally, the effects of polyphenols have been evaluated in experimental models of allergy and autoimmune diseases. Conclusively, red grape polyphenols are endowed with a great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential but some issues, such as polyphenol bioavailability, activity of metabolites, and interaction with microbiota, deserve deeper studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.J.)
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28
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Brayson D, Frustaci A, Verardo R, Chimenti C, Russo MA, Hayward R, Ahmad S, Vizcay-Barrena G, Protti A, Zammit PS, dos Remedios CG, Ehler E, Shah AM, Shanahan CM. Prelamin A mediates myocardial inflammation in dilated and HIV-associated cardiomyopathies. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126315. [PMID: 31622279 PMCID: PMC6948859 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are complex heart muscle diseases that can be inherited or acquired. Dilated cardiomyopathy can result from mutations in LMNA, encoding the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamin A/C. Some LMNA mutations lead to accumulation of the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, which is disease causing in a number of tissues, yet its impact upon the heart is unknown. Here, we discovered myocardial prelamin A accumulation occurred in a case of dilated cardiomyopathy, and we show that a potentially novel mouse model of cardiac-specific prelamin A accumulation exhibited a phenotype consistent with inflammatory cardiomyopathy, which we observed to be similar to HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, an acquired disease state. Numerous HIV protease therapies are known to inhibit ZMPSTE24, the enzyme responsible for prelamin A processing, and we confirmed that accumulation of prelamin A occurred in HIV+ patient cardiac biopsies. These findings (a) confirm a unifying pathological role for prelamin A common to genetic and acquired cardiomyopathies; (b) have implications for the management of HIV patients with cardiac disease, suggesting protease inhibitors should be replaced with alternative therapies (i.e., nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors); and (c) suggest that targeting inflammation may be a useful treatment strategy for certain forms of inherited cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brayson
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Open University San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Hayward
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Protti
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabeth Ehler
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Foglio E, Pellegrini L, Germani A, Russo MA, Limana F. HMGB1-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in ischemic heart diseases. Vasc Biol 2019; 1:H89-H96. [PMID: 32923959 PMCID: PMC7439920 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) and its consequences are the most common and lethal heart syndromes worldwide and represent a significant health problem. Following MI, apoptosis has been generally seen as the major contributor of the cardiomyocyte fate and of the resultant myocardial remodeling. However, in recent years, it has been discovered that, following MI, cardiomyocytes could activate autophagy in an attempt to protect themselves against ischemic stress and to preserve cardiac function. Although initially seen as two completely separate responses, recent works have highlighted the intertwined crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. Numerous researches have tried to unveil the mechanisms and the molecular players involved in this phenomenon and have identified in high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein with important roles in the heart, one of the major regulator. Thus, the aim of this mini review is to discuss how HMGB1 regulates these two responses in ischemic heart diseases. Indeed, a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in these pathologies and how HMGB1 regulates them would be of tremendous help in developing novel therapeutic approaches aimed to promote cardiomyocyte survival and to diminish tissue injury following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Germani
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.,MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
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30
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Frustaci A, Letizia C, Verardo R, Grande C, Francone M, Sansone L, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Primary aldosteronism-associated cardiomyopathy: Clinical-pathologic impact of aldosterone normalization. Int J Cardiol 2019; 292:141-147. [PMID: 31256994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes a cardiomyopathy (CM) which substrate and evolution after aldosterone normalization are unreported. METHODS Four male patients with aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma and cardiomyopathy (PACM, group A) were evaluated with 2D-echo, Magnetic Resonance (CMR), coronary angiography and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. Biopsy samples were processed for histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western Blot analysis of myocardial aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1 and 4. Results were compared with endomyocardial samples from 5 patients with hypertensive cardiomyopathy of equivalent severity and normal plasma aldosterone (group B) and surgical samples from 5 controls (group C). One PACM patient was re-examined with CMR and endomyocardial biopsy 12 months after adrenalectomy with aldosterone and cardiac normalization. RESULTS Coronary arteries were normal in all. Group A showed prominent myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, with water accumulation in the cytosol and organelles of cardiomyocytes and microvascular smooth muscle cells, associated to reduced myofibril concentration and 2.8-fold increase in myocardial aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1. At CMR, LGE areas were diffusely present. After aldosterone normalization, cardiomyocyte diameter reduced with disappearance of intracellular vacuoles, recovery of electron-density of cytosol and cell organelles, and myofibrillar content, persisting fibrosis and down-regulation of aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1 channels. At CMR, myocardial mass reduced with recovery of cardiac contractility. LGE signal remained unchanged. CONCLUSION PACM is a reversible entity characterized by over-expression of aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1. It induces a reversible intracellular water overloading causing impaired cardiomyocyte relaxation, contraction and ultrastructural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Letizia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension, La Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Grande
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Francone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Lab, IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Lab, IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Frustaci A, Verardo R, Grande C, Galea N, Piselli P, Carbone I, Alfarano M, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Immune-Mediated Myocarditis in Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009052. [PMID: 30371172 PMCID: PMC6201436 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Glycosphingolipid accumulation in Fabry cells generates a proinflammatory response that may influence disease evolution and responsiveness to enzyme replacement therapy. This study evaluated incidence, mechanism, and impact of myocarditis in Fabry disease cardiomyopathy ( FDCM ). Methods and Results Myocarditis, defined as CD 3+ T lymphocytes >7/mm2 associated with necrosis of glycolipid-laden myocardiocytes, was retrospectively evaluated in endomyocardial biopsies from 78 patients with FDCM : 13 with maximal wall thickness (MWT) <11 mm (group 1), 17 with MWT 11 to 15 mm (group 2), 30 with MWT 16 to 20 mm (group 3), and 18 with MWT >20 mm (group 4). Myocarditis was investigated by polymerase chain reaction for cardiotropic viruses, by serum antiheart and antimyosin antibodies, and by cardiac magnetic resonance. Myocarditis was recognized at histology in 48 of 78 patients with FDCM (38% of group 1, 41% of group 2, 66% of group 3, and 72% of group 4). Myocarditis was characterized by positive antiheart and antimyosin antibodies and negative polymerase chain reaction for viral genomes. CD 3+ cells/mm2 correlated with myocyte necrosis, antimyosin autoantibody titer, and MWT ( P<0.001, r=0.79; P<0.001, r=0.84; P<0.001, r=0.61, respectively). Cardiac magnetic resonance showed myocardial edema in 24 of 78 patients (31%): 0% of group 1, 23% of group 2, 37% of group 3, and 50% of group 4. Conclusions Myocarditis is detectable at histology in up to 56% of patients with FDCM . It is immune mediated and correlates with disease severity. It can be disclosed by antiheart/antimyosin autoantibodies and in the advanced phase by cardiac magnetic resonance. It may contribute to progression of FDCM and resistance to enzyme replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of CardiovascularNephrologic, Anesthetic and Geriatric SciencesLa Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology LabIRCCS ‘L. Spallanzani’RomeItaly
| | - Romina Verardo
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology LabIRCCS ‘L. Spallanzani’RomeItaly
| | - Claudia Grande
- Department of CardiovascularNephrologic, Anesthetic and Geriatric SciencesLa Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological SciencesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Pierluca Piselli
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical ResearchIRCCS ‘L. Spallanzani’RomeItaly
| | - Iacopo Carbone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological SciencesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Department of CardiovascularNephrologic, Anesthetic and Geriatric SciencesLa Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | | | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of CardiovascularNephrologic, Anesthetic and Geriatric SciencesLa Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology LabIRCCS ‘L. Spallanzani’RomeItaly
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Chimenti C, Verardo R, Grande C, Russo MA, Frustaci A. 2352Hypertrophy of unaffected cardiomyocytes concurs to severity of cardiomyopathy in female patients with Fabry disease. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Chimenti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Verardo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Grande
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Russo
- San Raffaele Pisana Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Frustaci
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Antimicrobial Peptides in Human Disease: Therapeutic Approaches. Second of Two Parts. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:1148-1156. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180327155230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are produced by a variety of human immune and non immune cells in
health and disease. In virtue of their antimicrobial activity, AMPs have been exploited in human disease and here
this aspect will extensively be described. AMPs in comparison to antibiotics possess a larger spectrum of antimicrobial
activity without inducing microbial resistance. Therefore, their use in the course of antibiotic-resistant
infections is justified. AMP activity in early life, in the airways, in the oral and gastro-enteric system, in the skin
and in the female reproductive tract, respectively, will be elucidated. In addition, the use of AMPs in sepsis will
be discussed due to the frequency of this pathological condition characterized by multiple organ dysfunctions.
Finally, the evidence that AMPs represent valid substitutes of antibiotics will be provided and a series of novel
substances able to reinforce the innate immune response in different clinical settings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Antimicrobial Peptides: Phylogenic Sources and Biological Activities. First of Two Parts. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:1043-1053. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180403123736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are phylogenetically ancient substances released by living organisms
for self protection against a broad variety of microbes. Moreover, AMPs are endowed with immune modulatory
activities, linking innate and adaptive immunity together. Lantibiotics are AMPs of bacterial origin currently
investigated for the generation of a new class of anti-infective compounds, owing to the phenomenon of antibiotic
resistance against a broad variety of bacteria. Also, plants and marine AMPs are screened as novel drugs against
human pathogens. Human AMPs encompass defensins and cathelicidins produced by various cell types mostly at
mucosal sites. Besides their antimicrobial activity, both AMPs have been shown to trigger either inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory pathways. Food-derived AMPs are mostly represented by lactoferrin and lysozyme both present
in secretions, e.g., milk, and appear to be very exploitable for the generation of functional foods. Finally, the
role of natural products ingested with food or administered as supplements on induction and production of AMPs
will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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Frustaci A, De Luca A, Guida V, Biagini T, Mazza T, Gaudio C, Letizia C, Russo MA, Galea N, Chimenti C. Novel α-Actin Gene Mutation p.(Ala21Val) Causing Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Myocardial Noncompaction, and Transmural Crypts. Clinical-Pathologic Correlation. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008068. [PMID: 29440008 PMCID: PMC5850207 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Mutations of α‐actin gene (ACTC1) have been phenotypically related to various cardiac anomalies, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular (LV) myocardial noncompaction. A novel ACTC mutation is reported as cosegregating for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and LV myocardial noncompaction with transmural crypts. Methods and Results In an Italian family of 7 subjects, 4 aged 10 (II‐1), 14 (II‐2), 43 (I‐4) and 46 years (I‐5), presenting abnormal ECG changes, dyspnea and palpitation (II‐2, I‐4, and I‐5), and recurrent cerebral ischemic attack (I‐5), underwent 2‐dimensional echo, cardiac magnetic resonance, Holter monitoring, and next‐generation sequencing gene analysis. Patients II‐2 and I‐5 with ventricular tachycardia underwent a cardiac invasive study, including coronary with LV angiography and endomyocardial biopsy. In all the affected members, ECG showed right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock with age‐related prolongation of QRS duration. Two‐dimensional echo and cardiac magnetic resonance documented LV myocardial noncompaction in all and in I‐4, I‐5, and II‐2 a progressive LV hypertrophy up to 22‐mm maximal wall thickness. Coronary arteries were normal. LV angiography showed transmural crypts progressing to spongeous myocardial transformation with LV dilatation and dysfunction in the oldest subject. At histology and electron microscopy detachment of myocardiocytes were associated with cell and myofibrillar disarray and degradation of intercalated discs causing disanchorage of myofilaments to cell membrane. Next‐generation sequencing showed in affected members an unreported p.(Ala21Val) mutation of ACTC. Conclusions Novel p.(Ala21Val) mutation of ACTC1 causes myofibrillar and intercalated disc alteration leading to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and LV myocardial noncompaction with transmural crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and GeriatricSciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy .,Cellular and Molecular Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guida
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaudio
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and GeriatricSciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Letizia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, and MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Rome Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and GeriatricSciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Cellular and Molecular Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Puddighinu G, D'Amario D, Foglio E, Manchi M, Siracusano A, Pontemezzo E, Cordella M, Facchiano F, Pellegrini L, Mangoni A, Tafani M, Crea F, Germani A, Russo MA, Limana F. Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotective effects mediated by transplanted cardiac ckit + cells through the activation of an inflammatory hypoxia-dependent reparative response. Oncotarget 2017; 9:937-957. [PMID: 29416668 PMCID: PMC5787525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative effects of cardiac ckit+ stem cells (ckit+CSCs) in acute myocardial infarction (MI) have been studied extensively, but how these cells exert a protective effect on cardiomyocytes is not well known. Growing evidences suggest that in adult stem cells injury triggers inflammatory signaling pathways which control tissue repair and regeneration. Aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of ckit+CSCs following transplantation in a murine model of MI. Following isolation and in vitro expansion, cardiac ckit+CSCs were subjected to normoxic and hypoxic conditions and assessed at different time points. These cells adapted to hypoxia as showed by the activation of HIF-1α and the expression of a number of genes, such as VEGF, GLUT1, EPO, HKII and, importantly, of alarmin receptors, such as RAGE, P2X7R, TLR2 and TLR4. Activation of these receptors determined an NFkB-dependent inflammatory and reparative gene response (IRR). Importantly, hypoxic ckit+CSCs increased the secretion of the survival growth factors IGF-1 and HGF. To verify whether activation of the IRR in a hypoxic microenvironment could exert a beneficial effect in vivo, autologous ckit+CSCs were transplanted into mouse heart following MI. Interestingly, transplantation of ckit+CSCs lowered apoptotic rates and induced autophagy in the peri-infarct area; further, it reduced hypertrophy and fibrosis and, most importantly, improved cardiac function. ckit+CSCs are able to adapt to a hypoxic environment and activate an inflammatory and reparative response that could account, at least in part, for a protective effect on stressed cardiomyocytes following transplantation in the infarcted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Puddighinu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Melissa Manchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Siracusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pontemezzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Cordella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Mangoni
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Germani
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
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Russo MA, Ravenna L, Pellegrini L, Petrangeli E, Salvatori L, Magrone T, Fini M, Tafani M. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Prostate Cancer Progression. Cross-talk with Androgen and Estrogen Receptors and Cancer Stem Cells. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2017; 16:235-248. [PMID: 27908264 DOI: 10.2174/1871530316666161130160144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are complex tissues in which transformed cells communicate with the surrounding microenvironment and evolve traits promoting their own survival and malignancy. Hypoxia and inflammation are constant characteristics of prostate tumor microenvironment influencing both cancer stem cells and differentiated tumor cells. HIFs and NF-kB are the key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxic and inflammatory stresses, respectively, and a crosstalk between HIFs and NF-kB pathways has been widely documented. Similarly, androgen and estrogen signaling, that play important roles in the growth and function of normal prostate gland, when deregulated, have a significant part in the acquisition of hallmarks of malignant diseases. Moreover, androgen and estrogen receptors have been shown to intersect with the HIF/NF-kB signaling in prostate cancer. Aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the crucial role, in prostate cancer progression, of a molecular network linking hypoxia, pro-inflammatory response and steroid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Antonio Russo
- Consortium MEBIC, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
It is well known that cocoa and dark chocolate possess polyphenols as major constituents whose dietary consumption has been associated to beneficial effects. In fact, cocoa and dark chocolate polyphenols exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities switching on some important signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription. In particular, cocoa polyphenols induce release of nitric oxide (NO) through activation of endothelial NO synthase which, in turn, accounts for vasodilation and cardioprotective effects. In the light of the above described properties, a number of clinical trials based on the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate have been conducted in healthy subjects as well as in different categories of patients, such as those affected by cardiovascular, neurological, intestinal, and metabolic pathologies. Even if data are not always concordant, modifications of biomarkers of disease are frequently associated to improvement of clinical manifestations. Quite interestingly, following cocoa and dark chocolate ingestion, cocoa polyphenols also modulate intestinal microbiota, thus leading to the growth of bacteria that trigger a tolerogenic anti-inflammatory pathway in the host. Finally, many evidences encourage the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate by aged people for the recovery of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Fondazione San Raffaele, Ceglie Messapica, Italy
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Role of Immune Cells in the Course of Central Nervous System Injury: Modulation with Natural Products. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:701-8. [PMID: 26635268 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151204000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells actively participate to the central nervous system (CNS) injury either damaging or protecting neural tissue with release of various mediators. Residential microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages play a fundamental role within the injured CNS and, here, special emphasis will be placed on M1 and M2 macrophages for their different functional activities. On the other hand, peripheral T regulatory (Treg) cells exert antiinflammatory activities in the diseased host. In this respect, activation of Treg cells by nutraceuticals may represent a novel approach to treat neuroinflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols will be described as substances endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, taking into account that Treg cells act in the later phase of CNS injury, favoring immune suppression, manipulation of host immune system with both substances requires caution to avoid undesired side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome , Via di Val Cannuta, 247 - 00166 ROME, Italy
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Biagi PF, Boffola S, Stefanelli R, Schiavulli L, Ligonzo T, Casamassima G, Pappagallo MT, Kawaguchi K, Takimoto H, Kumazawa Y, Fontana S, Laforgia F, Russo MA, Magrone T, Jirillo E. Morphometrical and Morphological Alterations of Human Leukocytes Exposed to 1.8 GHz Electromagnetic Radiations: In Vitro Protective Effects Induced by Polyphenols. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2016; 16:189-196. [PMID: 27697072 DOI: 10.2174/1871530316666161003153024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent findings have demonstrated that electromagnetic radiations (EMR) (1.8 GHz radiofrequency) are able to in vitro induce morphometrical and morphological modifications of human leukocytes from normal donors. METHODS In view of the evidence that polyphenols exert many beneficial effects on plants, animals and humans, leukocytes from human peripheral blood were pre-treated for 1 h with two polyphenol preparations from red grape before EMR exposure (1.8 GHz). RESULTS Our data will show that polyphenol pre-treatment reverts to normality the morphology of irradiated leukocytes in comparison to irradiated cells only. Conversely, leukocyte morphometry seems to be not affected by this treatment. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that polyphenols are also able to normalize leukocyte morphology per se altered before as well as after irradiation. Finally, a working hypothesis aimed at clarifying the protective mechanisms exerted by polyphenols on irradiated leukocytes will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy, P. zza Giulio Cesare, 11 70124 Bari,. Italy
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Frustaci A, Letizia C, Verardo R, Grande C, Petramala L, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Cushing Syndrome Cardiomyopathy: Clinicopathologic Impact of Cortisol Normalization. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:e004569. [PMID: 26994116 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.004569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- From Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., C.C.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension (C.L., L.P.), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., R.V., C.G., C.C., M.A.R.).
| | - Claudio Letizia
- From Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., C.C.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension (C.L., L.P.), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., R.V., C.G., C.C., M.A.R.)
| | - Romina Verardo
- From Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., C.C.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension (C.L., L.P.), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., R.V., C.G., C.C., M.A.R.)
| | - Claudia Grande
- From Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., C.C.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension (C.L., L.P.), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., R.V., C.G., C.C., M.A.R.)
| | - Luigi Petramala
- From Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., C.C.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension (C.L., L.P.), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., R.V., C.G., C.C., M.A.R.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- From Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., C.C.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension (C.L., L.P.), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., R.V., C.G., C.C., M.A.R.)
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- From Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences (A.F., C.C.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension (C.L., L.P.), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy (A.F., R.V., C.G., C.C., M.A.R.)
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Frustaci A, Letizia C, Verardo R, Grande C, Calvieri C, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Atrogin-1 Pathway Activation in Cushing Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:116-7. [PMID: 26764074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Cigarette Smoke-mediated Perturbations of the Immune Response: A New Therapeutic Approach with Natural Compounds. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2016; 16:158-167. [PMID: 27697073 DOI: 10.2174/1872214810666160927123447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) accounts for the outcome of several pathologies, even including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Under healthy conditions, lung immune system becomes tolerant in response to various external stimuli. CS exposure alters the pulmonary immune equilibrium, thus leading to a condition of hyper activation of the local innate and adaptive immunity. COPD is one of the major complications of chronic CS exposure where a pro-inflammatory profile of the pulmonary and systemic immunity is predominant. In this review, alternative treatments with natural products to mitigate CS-mediated pulmonary inflammation are proposed. In particular, polyphenols, a class of natural compounds largely present in fruits and vegetables, have been shown to act as anti-inflammatory agents. Accordingly, recent experimental and clinical evidences support polyphenol-mediated potential health benefits in smokers. For instance, pomegranate juice is able to attenuate the damage provoked by CS on cultured human alveolar macrophages. In addition, maqui beery extract has been proven to normalize H2O2 and interleukin-6 levels in exhaled breath condensate in healthy smokers. However, some limitations of alternative treatments are represented by a better knowledge of the mechanism(s) of action exerted by polyphenols and by the lack of animal models of COPD. In any case, the potential targets of polyphenols in the course of COPD will be outlined with special reference to the activation of T regulatory cells as well as to the inhibition of the polymorphonuclear cell and monocyte respiratory burst and of the NF-κB pathway, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari,. Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rashid
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A Runci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Russo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - M Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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Rashid MM, Runci A, Polletta L, Carnevale I, Morgante E, Foglio E, Arcangeli T, Sansone L, Russo MA, Tafani M. Muscle LIM protein/CSRP3: a mechanosensor with a role in autophagy. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15014. [PMID: 27551448 PMCID: PMC4981024 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle LIM protein (MLP) is a microtubule-associated protein expressed in cardiac and muscle tissues that belongs to the cysteine-rich protein (CSRP/CRP) family. MLP has a central role during muscle development and for architectural maintenance of muscle cells. However, muscle cells rely on autophagy during differentiation and for structural maintenance. To study the role of MLP in autophagy, we have used C2C12 mouse myoblasts silenced or overexpressing MLP. Our results show that MLP contributes to the correct autophagosome formation and flux by interacting with LC3 as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and PLA assay. In fact, MLP silencing results in decreased LC3-II staining and absent degradation of long-lived proteins. Moreover, MLP silencing impaired myoblasts differentiation as measured by decreased expression of MyoD1, MyoG1 and myosin heavy chain. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of large empty autophagosomes in myoblasts and multimembranous structures in myotubes from MLP-silenced clones. Impaired autophagy in MLP-silenced cells resulted in increased susceptibility to apoptotic cell death. In fact, treatment of MLP-silenced C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes with staurosporine resulted in increased caspase-3 and PARP cleavage as well as increased percentage of cell death. In conclusion, we propose that MLP regulates autophagy during muscle cell differentiation or maintenance through a mechanism involving MLP/LC3-II interaction and correct autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rashid
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome , Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A Runci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome , Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - L Polletta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome , Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - I Carnevale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome , Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - E Morgante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome , Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - E Foglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome , Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - T Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome , Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - L Sansone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele , Rome, Italy
| | - M A Russo
- Consorzio MEBIC, San Raffaele University , Rome, Italy
| | - M Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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Germani A, Foglio E, Capogrossi MC, Russo MA, Limana F. Generation of cardiac progenitor cells through epicardial to mesenchymal transition. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:735-48. [PMID: 25943780 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that drives the formation of cells involved both in tissue repair and in pathological conditions, including tissue fibrosis and tumor metastasis by providing cancer cells with stem cell properties. Recent findings suggest that EMT is reactivated in the heart following ischemic injury. Specifically, epicardial EMT might be involved in the formation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that can differentiate into endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and, possibly, cardiomyocytes. The identification of mechanisms and signaling pathways governing EMT-derived CPC generation and differentiation may contribute to the development of a more efficient regenerative approach for adult heart repair. Here, we summarize key literature in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Germani
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Tafani M, Perrone GA, Pucci B, Russo A, Bizzarri M, Mechanick JI, Carpi A, Russo MA. Reprogramming cancer cells in endocrine-related tumors: open issues. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21:1146-51. [PMID: 24304280 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666131129125624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming technologies have been developed to revert somatic differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells that can be differentiated into different lineages potentially useful in stem cell therapy. Reprogramming methods have been progressively refined to increase their efficiency, to obtain a cell population suitable for differentiation, and to eliminate viral plasmid which could be responsible for many unwanted side-effects when used in personalized medicine. All these methods are aimed to introduce into the cell genes or mRNAs encoding a set of four transcription factors (OCT- 4, SOX-2, KLF-4 and c-MYC) or a set of three lincRNAs (large intragenic non-coding RNAs) acting downstream of the reprogramming transcription factors OCT-4, SOX-2 and NANOG. Translational clinical applications in human pathologies and in developmental, repair and cancer biology have been numerous. Cancer cells can be, at least in principle, reprogrammed into a normal phenotype. This is a recently raised issue, rapidly advancing in many human tumors, especially endocrine-related cancers, such as breast, prostate and ovarian ca. The present review aims to describe basic phenomena observed in reprogramming tumor cells and solid tumors and to discuss their meaning in human hormone-related cancers. We will also discuss the fact that some of the targeted transcription factors are "normally" activated in a number of physiological processes, such as morphogenesis, hypoxia and wound healing, suggesting an in vivo role of reprogramming for development and homeostasis. Finally, we will review concerns and warnings raised for in vivo reprogramming of human tumors and for the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M A Russo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247 - 00166 - Roma, Italy.
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Ravenna L, Principessa L, Verdina A, Salvatori L, Russo MA, Petrangeli E. Distinct phenotypes of human prostate cancer cells associate with different adaptation to hypoxia and pro-inflammatory gene expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96250. [PMID: 24801981 PMCID: PMC4011733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are strictly interconnected both concurring to prostate cancer progression. Numerous reports highlight the role of tumor cells in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules and show that hypoxia can modulate a number of these genes contributing substantially to the increase of cancer aggressiveness. However, little is known about the importance of the tumor phenotype in this process. The present study explores how different features, including differentiation and aggressiveness, of prostate tumor cell lines impact on the hypoxic remodeling of pro-inflammatory gene expression and malignancy. We performed our studies on three cell lines with increasing metastatic potential: the well differentiated androgen-dependent LNCaP and the less differentiated and androgen-independent DU145 and PC3. We analyzed the effect that hypoxic treatment has on modulating pro-inflammatory gene expression and evaluated the role HIF isoforms and NF-kB play in sustaining this process. DU145 and PC3 cells evidenced a higher normoxic expression and a more complete hypoxic induction of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to the well differentiated LNCaP cell line. The role of HIF1α and NF-kB, the master regulators of hypoxia and inflammation respectively, in sustaining the hypoxic pro-inflammatory phenotype was different according to cell type. NF-kB was observed to play a main role in DU145 and PC3 cells in which treatment with the NF-kB inhibitor parthenolide was able to counteract both the hypoxic pro-inflammatory shift and HIF1α activation but not in LNCaP cells. Our data highlight that tumor prostate cell phenotype contributes at a different degree and with different mechanisms to the hypoxic pro-inflammatory gene expression related to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ravenna
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, CRS, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo Principessa
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Verdina
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, CRS, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Salvatori
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, CRS, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrangeli
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Villanova L, Vernucci E, Pucci B, Pellegrini L, Nebbioso M, Mauri C, Marfe G, Spataro A, Fini M, Banfi G, Russo MA, Tafani M. Influence of age and physical exercise on sirtuin activity in humans. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:497-507. [PMID: 23830399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases. Sirtuins acquired worldwide attention because of their ability to increase yeast, flies, worms and mice lifespan. Recently, this assumption has been challenged. However, their beneficial role on the quality of ageing is widely accepted. In this work we aimed to study how and if sirtuins expression and activity levels varies in function of age and, in the case of young subjects, of exercise. Fifteen blood donors of different ages and fifteen athletes of the Italian rowing male team were enrolled and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from blood samples. Our results show that sirtuins deacetylases activity measured in PBMCs increases from 18 to 40 years of age and then decreases during the following 20 years. Moreover, physical exercise in professional athletes can upregulate sirtuin activity. Thus, for the first time in humans, we demonstrate that sirtuin activity is a function of age and can be altered through physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Villanova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Frustaci A, Morgante E, Antuzzi D, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte lysosomal activity in hydroxychloroquine cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2012; 157:117-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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