1
|
Sundararaman B, Sylvester MD, Kozyreva VK, Berrada ZL, Corbett-Detig RB, Green RE. A hybridization target enrichment approach for pathogen genomics. mBio 2023; 14:e0188923. [PMID: 37830873 PMCID: PMC10653935 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01889-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Emerging infectious diseases require continuous pathogen monitoring. Rapid clinical diagnosis by nucleic acid amplification is limited to a small number of targets and may miss target detection due to new mutations in clinical isolates. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identifies genome-wide variations that may be used to determine a pathogen's drug resistance patterns and phylogenetically characterize isolates to track disease origin and transmission. WGS is typically performed using DNA isolated from cultured clinical isolates. Culturing clinical specimens increases turn-around time and may not be possible for fastidious bacteria. To overcome some of these limitations, direct sequencing of clinical specimens has been attempted using expensive capture probes to enrich the entire genomes of target pathogens. We present a method to produce a cost-effective, time-efficient, and large-scale synthesis of probes for whole-genome enrichment. We envision that our method can be used for direct clinical sequencing of a wide range of microbial pathogens for genomic epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Sundararaman
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Matthew D. Sylvester
- Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Microbial Diseases Laboratory Branch, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Varvara K. Kozyreva
- Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Microbial Diseases Laboratory Branch, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Zenda L. Berrada
- Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Microbial Diseases Laboratory Branch, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Russell B. Corbett-Detig
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Richard E. Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Nicas
- University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Alan Hubbard
- University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boggiano MM, Wenger LE, Turan B, Tatum MM, Morgan PR, Sylvester MD. Eating tasty food to cope. Longitudinal association with BMI. Appetite 2015; 87:365-70. [PMID: 25596500 PMCID: PMC4951003 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to determine if a change in certain motives to eat highly palatable food, as measured by the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), could predict a change in body mass index (BMI) over time, to assess the temporal stability of these motive scores, and to test the reliability of previously reported associations between eating tasty foods to cope and BMI. BMI, demographics, and scores on the PEMS and the Binge Eating Scale were obtained from 192 college students. Test-retest analysis was performed on the PEMS motives in groups varying in three gap times between tests. Regression analyses determined what PEMS motives predicted a change in BMI over two years. The results replicated previous findings that eating palatable food for Coping motives (e.g., to forget about problems, reduce negative feelings) is associated with BMI. Test-retest correlations revealed that motive scores, while somewhat stable, can change over time. Importantly, among overweight participants, a change in Coping scores predicted a change in BMI over 2 years, such that a 1-point change in Coping predicted a 1.76 change in BMI (equivalent to a 10.5 lb. change in body weight) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, and initial binge-eating status (Cohen's f(2) effect size = 1.44). The large range in change of Coping scores suggests it is possible to decrease frequency of eating to cope by more than 1 scale point to achieve weight losses greater than 10 lbs. in young overweight adults, a group already at risk for rapid weight gain. Hence, treatments aimed specifically at reducing palatable food intake for coping reasons vs. for social, reward, or conformity reasons, should help achieve a healthier body weight and prevent obesity if this motive-type is identified prior to significant weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
| | - L E Wenger
- Department of Physics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - B Turan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - M M Tatum
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - P R Morgan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - M D Sylvester
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eswaramoorthy S, Poulain S, Hienerwadel R, Bremond N, Sylvester MD, Zhang YB, Berthomieu C, Van Der Lelie D, Matin A. Crystal structure of ChrR--a quinone reductase with the capacity to reduce chromate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36017. [PMID: 22558308 PMCID: PMC3338774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli ChrR enzyme is an obligatory two-electron quinone reductase that has many applications, such as in chromate bioremediation. Its crystal structure, solved at 2.2 Å resolution, shows that it belongs to the flavodoxin superfamily in which flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is firmly anchored to the protein. ChrR crystallized as a tetramer, and size exclusion chromatography showed that this is the oligomeric form that catalyzes chromate reduction. Within the tetramer, the dimers interact by a pair of two hydrogen bond networks, each involving Tyr128 and Glu146 of one dimer and Arg125 and Tyr85 of the other; the latter extends to one of the redox FMN cofactors. Changes in each of these amino acids enhanced chromate reductase activity of the enzyme, showing that this network is centrally involved in chromate reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Poulain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Rainer Hienerwadel
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille, France
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Matthew D. Sylvester
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yian-Biao Zhang
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Catherine Berthomieu
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Daniel Van Der Lelie
- Discovery and Analytical Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - A. Matin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eisenberg JNS, Hubbard A, Wade TJ, Sylvester MD, LeChevallier MW, Levy DA, Colford JM. Inferences drawn from a risk assessment compared directly with a randomized trial of a home drinking water intervention. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:1199-204. [PMID: 16882525 PMCID: PMC1551992 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessments and intervention trials have been used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to estimate drinking water health risks. Seldom are both methods used concurrently. Between 2001 and 2003, illness data from a trial were collected simultaneously with exposure data, providing a unique opportunity to compare direct risk estimates of waterborne disease from the intervention trial with indirect estimates from a risk assessment. Comparing the group with water treatment (active) with that without water treatment (sham), the estimated annual attributable disease rate (cases per 10,000 persons per year) from the trial provided no evidence of a significantly elevated drinking water risk [attributable risk=-365 cases/year, sham minus active; 95% confidence interval (CI) , -2,555 to 1,825]. The predicted mean rate of disease per 10,000 persons per person-year from the risk assessment was 13.9 (2.5, 97.5 percentiles: 1.6, 37.7) assuming 4 log removal due to viral disinfection and 5.5 (2.5, 97.5 percentiles: 1.4, 19.2) assuming 6 log removal. Risk assessments are important under conditions of low risk when estimates are difficult to attain from trials. In particular, this assessment pointed toward the importance of attaining site-specific treatment data and the clear need for a better understanding of viral removal by disinfection. Trials provide direct risk estimates, and the upper confidence limit estimates, even if not statistically significant, are informative about possible upper estimates of likely risk. These differences suggest that conclusions about waterborne disease risk may be strengthened by the joint use of these two approaches. Key words: drinking water, gastrointestinal, intervention trial, microbial risk assessment, waterborne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N S Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Catron DM, Lange Y, Borensztajn J, Sylvester MD, Jones BD, Haldar K. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires nonsterol precursors of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway for intracellular proliferation. Infect Immun 2004; 72:1036-42. [PMID: 14742551 PMCID: PMC321618 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.2.1036-1042.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection perturbs the host cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Here we show that inhibiting the first step of this pathway (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) reduces the growth of intracellular S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and has no effect on extracellular bacterial growth. Selectively inhibiting synthesis of downstream sterol components has no effect on infection, suggesting that the effect of statins on host nonsterol intermediates is detrimental to bacterial growth. Furthermore, statins also reduce bacterial proliferation in the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium mouse model. This suggests that blocking the production of nonsterol precursors in the host cell can be used to reduce infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Catron
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Catron DM, Sylvester MD, Lange Y, Kadekoppala M, Jones BD, Monack DM, Falkow S, Haldar K. The Salmonella-containing vacuole is a major site of intracellular cholesterol accumulation and recruits the GPI-anchored protein CD55. Cell Microbiol 2002; 4:315-28. [PMID: 12067317 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2002.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular, pathogenic Salmonella typhimurium avoids phago-lysosome fusion, and exists within a unique vacuolar niche that resembles a late endosome. This model has emerged from studying the trafficking of host proteins to the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Very little is known about the role of major host lipids during infection. Here, we show using biochemical analyses as well as fluorescence microscopy, that intracellular infection perturbs the host sterol biosynthetic pathway and induces cholesterol accumulation in the SCV. Cholesterol accumulation is seen in both macrophages and epithelial cells: at the terminal stages of infection, as much as 30% of the total cellular cholesterol resides in the SCV. We find that accumulation of cholesterol in the SCV is linked to intracellular bacterial replication and may be dependent on Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). Furthermore, the construction of a three-dimensional space-filling model yields novel insights into the structure of the SCV: bacteria embedded in cholesterol-rich membranes. Finally, we show that the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein CD55 is recruited to the SCV. These data suggest that, in contrast to prevailing models, the SCV accumulates components of cholesterol-rich early endocytic pathways during intracellular bacterial replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Catron
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|