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Niu C, Zhao X, Shi D, Ying Y, Wu M, Lai CY, Guo J, Hu S, Liu T. Bioreduction of chromate in a syngas-based membrane biofilm reactor. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134195. [PMID: 38581872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study leveraged synthesis gas (syngas), a renewable resource attainable through the gasification of biowaste, to achieve efficient chromate removal from water. To enhance syngas transfer efficiency, a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was employed. Long-term reactor operation showed a stable and high-level chromate removal efficiency > 95%, yielding harmless Cr(III) precipitates, as visualised by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Corresponding to the short hydraulic retention time of 0.25 days, a high chromate removal rate of 80 µmol/L/d was attained. In addition to chromate reduction, in situ production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by gas fermentation was observed. Three sets of in situ batch tests and two groups of ex situ batch tests jointly unravelled the mechanisms, showing that biological chromate reduction was primarily driven by VFAs produced from in situ syngas fermentation, whereas hydrogen originally present in the syngas played a minor role. 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing has confirmed the enrichment of syngas-fermenting bacteria (such as Sporomusa), who performed in situ gas fermentation leading to the synthesis of VFAs, and organics-utilising bacteria (such as Aquitalea), who utilised VFAs to drive chromate reduction. These findings, combined with batch assays, elucidate the pathways orchestrating synergistic interactions between fermentative microbial cohorts and chromate-reducing microorganisms. The findings facilitate the development of cost-effective strategies for groundwater and drinking water remediation and present an alternative application scenario for syngas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Niu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Danting Shi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yifeng Ying
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mengxiong Wu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Wu M, Xu Y, Zhao C, Huang H, Liu C, Duan X, Zhang X, Zhao G, Chen Y. Efficient nitrate and Cr(VI) removal by denitrifier: The mechanism of S. oneidensis MR-1 promoting electron production, transportation and consumption. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133675. [PMID: 38508109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
When Cr(VI) and nitrate coexist, the efficiency of both bio-denitrification and Cr(VI) bio-reduction is poor because chromate hinders bacterial normal functions (i.e., electron production, transportation and consumption). Moreover, under anaerobic condition, the method about efficient nitrate and Cr(VI) removal remained unclear. In this paper, the addition of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to promote the electron production, transportation and consumption of denitrifier and cause an increase in the removal of nitrate and Cr(VI). The efficiency of nitrate and Cr(VI) removal accomplished by P. denitrificans as a used model denitrifier increased respectively from 51.3% to 96.1% and 34.3% to 99.8% after S. oneidensis MR-1 addition. The mechanism investigations revealed that P. denitrificans provided S. oneidensis MR-1 with lactate, which was utilized to secreted riboflavin and phenazine by S. oneidensis MR-1. The riboflavin served as coenzymes of cellular reductants (i.e., thioredoxin and glutathione) in P. denitrificans, which created favorable intracellular microenvironment conditions for electron generation. Meanwhile, phenazine promoted biofilm formation, which increased the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the cell surface and accelerated the Cr(VI) reduction by membrane bound chromate reductases thereby reducing damage to other enzymes respectively. Overall, this strategy reduced the negative effect of chromate, thus improved the generation, transportation, and consumption of electrons. SYNOPSIS: The presence of S. oneidensis MR-1 facilitated nitrate and Cr(VI) removal by P. denitrificans through decreasing the negative effect of chromate due to the metabolites' secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haining Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Wang X, Zhong L, Huo X, Guo N, Zhang Y, Wang G, Shi K. Chromate-induced methylglyoxal detoxification system drives cadmium and chromate immobilization by Cupriavidus sp. MP-37. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123194. [PMID: 38145638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification of cadmium (Cd) or chromium (Cr) by microorganisms plays a vital role in bacterial survival and restoration of the polluted environment, but how microorganisms detoxify Cd and Cr simultaneously is largely unknown. Here, we isolated a bacterium, Cupriavidus sp. MP-37, which immobilized Cd(II) and reduced Cr(VI) simultaneously. Notably, strain MP-37 exhibited variable Cd(II) immobilization phenotypes, namely, cell adsorption and extracellular immobilization in the co-presence of Cd(II) and Cr(VI), while cell adsorption in the presence of Cd(II) alone. To unravel Cr(VI)-induced extracellular Cd(II) immobilization, proteomic analysis was performed, and methylglyoxal-scavenging protein (glyoxalase I, GlyI) and a regulator (YafY) showed the highest upregulation in the co-presence of Cd(II) and Cr(VI). GlyI overexpression reduced the intracellular methylglyoxal content and increased the immobilized Cd(II) content in extracellular secreta. The addition of lactate produced by GlyI protein with methylglyoxal as substrate increased the Cd(II) content in extracellular secreta. Reporter gene assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and fluorescence quenching assay demonstrated that glyI expression was induced by Cr(VI) but not by Cd(II), and that YafY positively regulated glyI expression by binding Cr(VI). In the pot experiment, inoculation with the MP-37 strain reduced the Cd content of Oryza sativa L., and their secreted lactate reduced the Cr accumulation in Oryza sativa L. This study reveals that Cr(VI)-induced detoxification system drives methylglyoxal scavenging and Cd(II) extracellular detoxification in Cd(II) and Cr(VI) co-existence environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Limin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xueqi Huo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Naijiang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Long M, Zhou C, Zheng X, Rittmann BE. Reduction of Chromate via Biotic and Abiotic Pathways in the Presence of Three Co-contaminating Electron Acceptors. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21190-21199. [PMID: 38051765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is a promising technology for removing Cr(VI), but Cr(VI) reduction alone cannot support microbial growth. This study investigated the reduction of Cr(VI) in the presence of three electron acceptors that typically coexist with Cr(VI): NO3-, SO42-, and Fe(III). All three systems could reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), but the fate of Cr, its impacts on reduction of the other acceptors, and its impact on the microbial community differed. Although Cr(VI) was continuously removed in the NO3--reduction systems, batch tests showed that denitrification was inhibited primarily through impeding nitrite reduction. The SO42- and Fe(III) reduction systems reduced Cr(VI) using a combination of biotic and abiotic processes. Across all three systems, the abundance of genera capable of reducing Cr(VI) increased following the introduction of Cr(VI). Conversely, the abundance of genera that cannot reduce or resist Cr(VI) decreased, leading to restructuring of the microbial community. Furthermore, the abundance of sulfide oxidizers and Fe(II) oxidizers substantially increased after the introduction of chromate. This study provides fundamental knowledge about how Cr(VI) bioreduction interacts with bioreductions of three other co-contaminating electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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López-Bucio JS, Ravelo-Ortega G, López-Bucio J. Chromium in plant growth and development: Toxicity, tolerance and hormesis. Environ Pollut 2022; 312:120084. [PMID: 36057328 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Research over the last three decades showed that chromium, particularly the oxyanion chromate Cr(VI) behaves as a toxic environmental pollutant that strongly damages plants due to oxidative stress, disruption of nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and metabolism, and ultimately, represses growth and development. However, mild Cr(VI) concentrations promote growth, induce adventitious root formation, reinforce the root cap, and produce twin roots from single root meristems under conditions that compromise cell viability, indicating its important role as a driver for root organogenesis. In recent years, considerable advance has been made towards deciphering the molecular mechanisms for root sensing of chromate, including the identification of regulatory proteins such as SOLITARY ROOT and MEDIATOR 18 that orchestrate the multilevel dynamics of the oxyanion. Cr(VI) decreases the expression of several glutamate receptors, whereas amino acids such as glutamate, cysteine and proline confer protection to plants from hexavalent chromium stress. The crosstalk between plant hormones, including auxin, ethylene, and jasmonic acid enables tissues to balance growth and defense under Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage, which may be useful to better adapt crops to biotic and abiotic challenges. The highly contrasting responses of plants manifested at the transcriptional and translational levels depend on the concentration of chromate in the media, and fit well with the concept of hormesis, an adaptive mechanism that primes plants for resistance to environmental challenges, toxins or pollutants. Here, we review the contrasting facets of Cr(VI) in plants including the cellular, hormonal and molecular aspects that mechanistically separate its toxic effects from biostimulant outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ravelo-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Narayan OP, Verma N, Jogawat A, Dua M, Johri AK. Sulfur transfer from the endophytic fungus Serendipita indica improves maize growth and requires the sulfate transporter SiSulT. Plant Cell 2021; 33:1268-1285. [PMID: 33793849 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A deficiency of the essential macronutrient sulfur leads to stunted plant growth and yield loss; however, an association with a symbiotic fungus can greatly improve nutrient uptake by the host plant. Here, we identified and functionally characterized a high-affinity sulfate transporter from the endophytic fungus Serendipita indica. SiSulT fulfills all the criteria expected of a functional sulfate transporter responding to sulfur limitation: SiSulT expression was induced when S. indica was grown under low-sulfate conditions, and heterologous expression of SiSulT complemented a yeast mutant lacking sulfate transport. We generated a knockdown strain of SiSulT by RNA interference to investigate the consequences of the partial loss of this transporter for the fungus and the host plant (maize, Zea mays) during colonization. Wild-type (WT) S. indica, but not the knockdown strain (kd-SiSulT), largely compensated for low-sulfate availability and supported plant growth. Colonization by WT S. indica also allowed maize roots to allocate precious resources away from sulfate assimilation under low-sulfur conditions, as evidenced by the reduction in expression of most sulfate assimilation genes. Our study illustrates the utility of the endophyte S. indica in sulfur nutrition research and offers potential avenues for agronomically sound amelioration of plant growth in low-sulfate environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Narayan
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nidhi Verma
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abhimanyu Jogawat
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Dua
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Atul Kumar Johri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Qadir M, Hussain A, Hamayun M, Shah M, Iqbal A, Murad W. Phytohormones producing rhizobacterium alleviates chromium toxicity in Helianthus annuus L. by reducing chromate uptake and strengthening antioxidant system. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127386. [PMID: 32559495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural land with heavy metal is a serious biological and environmental issue. Such threat can be challenged by exploring the plant symbiotic microbes that can improve plant growth through phyto-hormones secretion and chromate chelation. In the current study, chromate resistant rhizospheric Staphylococcus arlettae strain MT4 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Malvestrum tricuspadatum L. The strain showed potential to secrete phytohormones and plant growth promoting secondary metabolites under induced chromate stress, making it a best suitable candidate in chromate stress alleviation. Moreover, the rhizobacterium MT4 significantly promoted the net assimilation and relative growth rate of sunflower grown in the presence of chromate (100 ppm). Chromate stress alleviation strategy of MT4 strain was three-fold. MT4 alleviated chromate stress and promoted the sunflower growth by suppressing the chromate intake by the host, modulating phytohormones and strengthening of the host's antioxidant system. The improved antioxidant system was confirmed by noticing lower ROS accumulation and improved ROS scavenging, lower peroxidase activity and higher accumulation of phenols and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qadir
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohib Shah
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Dong QY, Wang Z, Shi LD, Lai CY, Zhao HP. Anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to chromate reduction in a methane-based membrane biofilm batch reactor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:26286-26292. [PMID: 31286367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromate can be reduced by methanotrophs in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). In this study, we cultivated a Cr(VI)-reducing biofilm in a methane (CH4)-based membrane biofilm batch reactor (MBBR) under anaerobic conditions. The Cr(VI) reduction rate increased to 0.28 mg/L day when the chromate concentration was ≤ 2.2 mg/L but declined sharply to 0.01 mg/L day when the Cr(VI) concentration increased to 6 mg/L. Isotope tracing experiments showed that part of the 13C-labeled CH4 was transformed to 13CO2, suggesting that the biofilm may reduce Cr(VI) by anaerobic methane oxidation (AnMO). Microbial community analysis showed that a methanogen, i.e., Methanobacterium, dominated in the biofilm, suggesting that this genus is probably capable of carrying out AnMO. The abundance of Methylomonas, an aerobic methanotroph, decreased significantly, while Meiothermus, a potential chromate-reducing bacterium, was enriched in the biofilm. Overall, the results showed that the anaerobic environment inhibited the activity of aerobic methanotrophs while promoting AnMO bacterial enrichment, and high Cr(VI) loading reduced Cr(VI) flux by inhibiting the methane oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yi Dong
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Dong Shi
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Luo JH, Wu M, Liu J, Qian G, Yuan Z, Guo J. Microbial chromate reduction coupled with anaerobic oxidation of methane in a membrane biofilm reactor. Environ Int 2019; 130:104926. [PMID: 31228790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that microbial reduction of sulfate, nitrite/nitrate and iron/manganese could be coupled with anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), which plays a significant role in controlling methane emission from anoxic niches. However, little is known about microbial chromate (Cr(VI)) reduction coupling with AOM. In this study, a microbial consortium was enriched via switching nitrate dosing to chromate feeding as the sole electron acceptor under anaerobic condition in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), in which methane was continuously provided as the electron donor through bubble-less hollow fiber membranes. According to long-term reactor operation and chromium speciation analysis, soluble chromate could be reduced into Cr(III) compounds by using methane as electron donor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling further indicated that after feeding chromate Candidatus 'Methanoperedens' (a known nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation archaeon) became sole anaerobic methanotroph in the biofilm, potentially responsible for the chromate bio-reduction driven by methane. Two potential pathways of the microbial AOM-coupled chromate reduction were proposed: (i) Candidatus 'Methanoperedens' independently utilizes chromate as electron acceptor to form Cr(III) compounds, or (ii) Candidatus 'Methanoperedens' oxidizes methane to generate intermediates or electrons, which will be utilized to reduce chromate to Cr(III) compounds by unknown chromate reducers synergistically. Our findings suggest a possible link between the biogeochemical chromium and methane cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Huan Luo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Mengxiong Wu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Coimbra C, Branco R, Morais PV. Efficient bioaccumulation of tungsten by Escherichia coli cells expressing the Sulfitobacter dubius TupBCA system. Syst Appl Microbiol 2019; 42:126001. [PMID: 31326140 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2019.126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten (W) is a valuable element with considerable industrial and economic importance that belongs to the European Union list of critical metals with a high supply risk. Therefore, the development of effective and new methods for W recovery is essential to ensure a sustainable supply. In the present study, the Sulfitobacter dubius W transport system TupABC was explored in order to demonstrate both its functionality in Escherichia coli cells and to construct a bioaccumulator (EcotupW). The complete gene cluster tupBCA or partial gene cluster tupBC were cloned in an expression vector and transformed into E. coli. Metal accumulation was evaluated when each construct strain was grown with three separate metal oxyanions (tungstate, molybdate or chromate). The specificity of the bioaccumulator was determined by competition assays using cells grown with mixed solutions of metal oxyanions (W/Mo and W/Cr). The results showed the relevance of the TupA protein in the TupABC transporter system to W-uptake and also allowed Mo and Cr accumulations, although with amounts 1.7 and 2.9-fold lower than W, respectively. To identify the importance of the valine residue in the accumulation efficiency of the VTTS motif, site-directed mutagenesis of tupA was performed. A mutant with a threonine residue, instead of the respective valine, confirmed that W was internalized by nearly double the amount compared to the native form. The findings indicated that cells carrying the native S. dubius TupABC system were great W-bioaccumulators and could be promising tools for W recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coimbra
- CEMMPRE - Center of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-788, Portugal
| | - R Branco
- CEMMPRE - Center of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-788, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3001-401, Portugal.
| | - P V Morais
- CEMMPRE - Center of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-788, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3001-401, Portugal
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Chai L, Ding C, Li J, Yang Z, Shi Y. Multi-omics response of Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB to hexavalent chromium. Environ Pollut 2019; 249:63-73. [PMID: 30878863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The release of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] into water bodies poses a major threat to the environment and human health. However, studies of the biological response to Cr(VI) are limited. In this study, a toxic bacterial mechanism of Cr(VI) was investigated using Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB (hereafter BB), which was isolated from chromate slag. The maximum Cr(VI) concentrations with respect to the resistance and reduction by BB are 4000 mg L-1 and 2500 mg L-1, respectively. In the BB genome, more genes responsible for Cr(VI) resistance and reduction are observed compared with other P. phragmitetus strains. A total of 361 proteins were upregulated to respond to Cr(VI) exposure, including enzymes for Cr(VI) uptake, intracellular reduction, ROS detoxification, DNA repair, and Cr(VI) efflux and proteins associated with novel mechanisms involving extracellular reduction mediated by electron transfer, quorum sensing, and chemotaxis. Based on metabolomic analysis, 174 metabolites were identified. Most of the upregulated metabolites are involved in amino acid, glucose, lipid, and energy metabolisms. The results show that Cr(VI) induces metabolite production, while metabolites promote Cr(VI) reduction. Overall, multi-enzyme expression and metabolite production by BB contribute to its high ability to resist/reduce Cr(VI). This study provides details supporting the theory of Cr(VI) reduction and a theoretical basis for the efficient bioremoval of Cr(VI) from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlian Ding
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, 410083, Changsha, China.
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12
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Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution is an emerging environmental problem. The present study was carried out to isolate Cr-resistant bacteria and characterize their Cr detoxification and resistance ability. Bacteria screened by exposure to chromate (Cr6+) were isolated from Mandovi estuary Goa, India. Two isolates expressed high resistance to Cr6+ (MIC ≥ 300 µg mL-1), Cr3+ (MIC ≥ 900 µg mL-1), other toxic heavy metals and displayed a pattern of resistance to cephalosporins and ß-lactams. Biochemical and 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that both isolates tested belonged to the Staphylococcus genus and were closely related to S. saprophyticus and S. arlettae. Designated as strains NIOER176 and NIOER324, batch experiments demonstrated that both removed 100% of 20 and 50 µg mL-1 Cr6+ within 4 and 10 days, respectively. The rate of reduction in both peaked at 0.260 µg mL-1 h-1. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene involved in transport of a variety of substrates including efflux of toxicants was present in strain NIOER176. Through SDS-PAGE analysis, whole-cell proteins extracted from both strains indicated chromium-induced specific induction and up-regulation of 24 and 40 kDa proteins. Since bacterial ability to ameliorate Cr6+ is of practical significance, these findings demonstrate strong potential of some estuarine bacteria to detoxify Cr6+ even when its concentrations far exceed the concentrations reported from many hazardous effluents and chromium contaminated natural habitats. Such potential of salt tolerant bacteria would help in Cr6+ bioremediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elroy Joe Pereira
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Nagappa Ramaiah
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
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13
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Sturm G, Brunner S, Suvorova E, Dempwolff F, Reiner J, Graumann P, Bernier-Latmani R, Majzlan J, Gescher J. Chromate Resistance Mechanisms in Leucobacter chromiiresistens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e02208-18. [PMID: 30266727 PMCID: PMC6238050 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02208-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromate is one of the major anthropogenic contaminants on Earth. Leucobacter chromiiresistens is a highly chromate-resistant strain, tolerating chromate concentrations in LB medium of up to 400 mM. In response to chromate stress, L. chromiiresistens forms biofilms, which are held together via extracellular DNA. Inhibition of biofilm formation leads to drastically decreased chromate tolerance. Moreover, chromate is reduced intracellularly to the less-toxic Cr(III). The oxidation status and localization of chromium in cell aggregates were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled to scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. Most of the heavy metal is localized as Cr(III) at the cytoplasmic membrane. As a new cellular response to chromate stress, we observed an increased production of the carotenoid lutein. Carotenoid production could increase membrane stability and reduce the concentration of reactive oxygen species. Bioinformatic analysis of the L. chromiiresistens genome revealed several gene clusters that could enable heavy-metal resistance. The extreme chromate tolerance and the unique set of resistance factors suggest the use of L. chromiiresistens as a new model organism to study microbial chromate resistance.IMPORTANCE Chromate is a highly toxic oxyanion. Extensive industrial use and inadequate waste management has caused the toxic pollution of several field sites. Understanding the chromate resistance mechanisms that enable organisms to thrive under these conditions is fundamental to develop (micro)biological strategies and applications aiming at bioremediation of contaminated soils or waters. Potential detoxifying microorganisms are often not sufficient in their resistance characteristics to effectively perform, e.g., chromate reduction or biosorption. In this study, we describe the manifold strategies of L. chromiiresistens to establish an extremely high level of chromate resistance. The multitude of mechanisms conferring it make this organism suitable for consideration as a new model organism to study chromate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Sturm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brunner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elena Suvorova
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Felix Dempwolff
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Johannes Reiner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Graumann
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juraj Majzlan
- University of Jena, Institute of Geosciences, General and Applied Mineralogy, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Chai L, Ding C, Tang C, Yang W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Liao Q, Li J. Discerning three novel chromate reduce and transport genes of highly efficient Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB: From genome to gene and protein. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:139-146. [PMID: 29990725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB was investigated at genomic, genetic and protein levels to explore molecular mechanisms of chromium biotransformation, respectively. The results of Miseq sequencing uncovered that a high-qualified bacterial genome draft was achieved with 5.07 Mb in length. Three novel genes involved in chromate reduce and transport, named nitR, chrA1 and chrA2, were identified by alignment, annotation and phylogenetic tree analyses, which encode a chromate reductase (NitR) and two chromate transporters (ChrA1 and ChrA2). Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses showed that the relative quantitative transcription of the three genes as the maximum reduction rate of Cr(VI) were significantly up-regulated with the increasing initial Cr(VI) concentrations. However, at the maximum cell growth points nitR was in a low transcription level, while the transcription of chrA1 and chrA2 were hold at a relatively high level and decreased with the increasing initial Cr(VI) concentrations. The ex-situ chromate reducing activity of NitR was revealed a Vmax of 34.46 µmol/min/mg enzyme and Km of 14.55 µmol/L, suggesting feasibility of the reaction with Cr(VI) as substrate. The multiple alignment demonstrates that NitR is potentially a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dependent flavin mononucleotide (FMN) reductase of Class I chromate reductases. Our results will prompt a large-scaled bioremediation on the contaminated soils and water by Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB, taking advantage of uncovering its molecular mechanisms of chromium biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Chunlian Ding
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Chongjian Tang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Weichun Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China; College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, 410083 Changsha, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China
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15
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Xia X, Wu S, Li N, Wang D, Zheng S, Wang G. Novel bacterial selenite reductase CsrF responsible for Se(IV) and Cr(VI) reduction that produces nanoparticles in Alishewanella sp. WH16-1. J Hazard Mater 2018; 342:499-509. [PMID: 28881274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alishewanella sp. WH16-1 is a facultative anaerobic bacterium isolated from mining soil. Under aerobic conditions, this bacterium efficiently reduces selenite and chromate. A flavoprotein showing 37% amino acid identity to E. coli chromate reductase ChrR was identified from the genome (named CsrF). Gene mutation and complementation along with heterologous expression revealed the ability of CsrF to reduce selenite and chromate in vivo. The purified CsrF was yellow and showed an absorption spectra similar to that of FMN. The molecular weight of CsrF was 23,906 for the monomer and 47,960 for the dimer. In vitro, CsrF catalyzes the reduction of Se(IV) and Cr(VI) using NAD(P)H as cofactors with optimal condition of pH 7.0 and temperature of 30-37°C. This enzyme also catalyze the reduction of sulfate and ferric iron but not arsenate and nitrate. Using NADPH as its electron donor, the Km for the reduction of Se(IV) and Cr(VI) was 204.1±27.91 and 250.6±23.46μmol/L, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that Arg13 and Gly113 were essential for the reduction of Se(IV) and Cr(VI). The products of the reduction of Se(IV) and Cr(VI) were Se(0)- and Cr(III)-nanoparticles, respectively. To our knowledge, CsrF is a novel and well-characterized bacterial aerobic selenite reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Shijuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Nuohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Shixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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16
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Krawic C, Luczak MW, Zhitkovich A. Variation in Extracellular Detoxification Is a Link to Different Carcinogenicity among Chromates in Rodent and Human Lungs. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1720-1729. [PMID: 28759204 PMCID: PMC5605882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of soluble chromium(VI) is firmly linked with higher risks of lung cancer in humans. However, comparative studies in rats have found a high lung tumorigenicity for moderately soluble chromates but no tumors for highly soluble chromates. These major species differences remain unexplained. We investigated the impact of extracellular reducers on responses of human and rat lung epithelial cells to different Cr(VI) forms. Extracellular reduction of Cr(VI) is a detoxification process, and rat and human lung lining fluids contain different concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione. We found that reduction of chromate anions in simulated lung fluids was principally driven by ascorbate with only minimal contribution from glutathione. The addition of 500 μM ascorbate (∼rat lung fluid concentration) to culture media strongly inhibited cellular uptake of chromate anions and completely prevented their cytotoxicity even at otherwise lethal doses. While proportionally less effective, 50 μM extracellular ascorbate (∼human lung fluid concentration) also decreased uptake of chromate anions and their cytotoxicity. In comparison to chromate anions, uptake and cytotoxicity of respirable particles of moderately soluble CaCrO4 and SrCrO4 were much less sensitive to suppression by extracellular ascorbate, especially during early exposure times and in primary bronchial cells. In the absence of extracellular ascorbate, chromate anions and CaCrO4/SrCrO4 particles produced overall similar levels of DNA double-stranded breaks, with less soluble particles exhibiting a slower rate of breakage. Our results indicate that a gradual extracellular dissolution and a rapid internalization of calcium chromate and strontium chromate particles makes them resistant to detoxification outside the cells, which is extremely effective for chromate anions in the rat lung fluid. The detoxification potential of the human lung fluid is significant but much lower and insufficient to provide a threshold-type dose dependence for soluble chromates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Krawic
- Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michal W. Luczak
- Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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17
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Xu X, Xia L, Chen W, Huang Q. Detoxification of hexavalent chromate by growing Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA. Environ Pollut 2017; 225:47-54. [PMID: 28347903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the study, the capability of Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA (CCTCC: M2012135) to reduce Cr6+ and its main antagonistic mechanisms to Cr6+ were experimentally evaluated. Activated growing fungus XLA efficiently reduced over 90% Cr6+ in the media with Cr6+ concentration below 100 mg L-1 at pH 6 after 14 days. After 1-day exposure to 100 mg L-1 Cr6+, nearly 50% of Cr6+ was reduced. Moreover, SO42- stimulated Cr6+ reduction, whereas other interferential ions inhibited Cr6+ reduction. The interaction mechanisms between XLA and Cr6+ mainly involve biotransformation, biosorption, and bioaccumulation, as detected by electron microscopy and chemical methods. The lower concentrations of Cr6+ (5 and 50 mg L-1) stimulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) level in XLA, respectively, but the higher concentration of Cr6+ (150 mg L-1) decreased the enzymatic activities and GSH concentration. The results implied that SOD, CAT and GSH were defensive guards to the oxidant stress produced by Cr6+. All these extracellular/intracellular defense systems endowed XLA with the ability to resist and detoxify Cr6+ by transforming its valent species. The fungus XLA could efficiently reduce Cr6+ under different environmental conditions (pH, interferential ions, and concentration). Moreover, XLA could endure the high concentration of Cr6+ probably due to its high biotransformation capability of Cr6+ and intracellular antioxidant systems for the detoxification of ROS generated by external Cr6+. All these results suggested that the fungus XLA can be applied to remediation of Cr6+-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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18
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Kim Y, Oh JM, Roh Y. Microbial Precipitation of Cr(III)-Hydroxide and Se(0) Nanoparticles During Anoxic Bioreduction of Cr(VI)- and Se(VI)-Contaminated Water. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:2302-2304. [PMID: 29638293 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the microbial precipitations of Cr(III)-hydroxide and Se(0) nanoparticles during anoxic bioreductions of Cr(VI) and Se(VI) using metal-reducing bacteria enriched from groundwater. Metal-reducing bacteria enriched from groundwater at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Underground Research Tunnel (KURT), Daejeon, S. Korea were used. Metal reduction and precipitation experiments with the metal-reducing bacteria were conducted using Cr(VI)- and Se(VI)-contaminated water and glucose as a carbon source under an anaerobic environment at room temperature. XRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM-EDX analyses were used to characterize the mineralogy, crystal structure, chemistry, shape, and size distribution of the precipitates. The metal-reducing bacteria reduced Cr(VI) of potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) to Cr(III) of chromium hydroxide [Cr(OH)3], and Se(VI) of sodium selenate (Na₂SeO₄) to selenium Se(0), with changes of color and turbidity. XRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM-EDX analyses revealed that the chromium hydroxide [Cr(OH)₃] was formed extracellularly with nanoparticles of 20–30 nm in size, and elemental selenium Se(0) nanoparticles had a sphere shape of 50–250 nm in size. These results show that metal-reducing bacteria in groundwater can aid or accelerate precipitation of heavy metals such as Cr(VI) and Se(VI) via bioreduction processes under anoxic environments. These results may also be useful for the recovery of Cr and Se nanoparticles in natural environments.
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19
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Gabbasova DT, Matorin DN, Konyukhov IV, Seifullina NK, Zayadan BK. [Effect of chromate ions on marine microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum]. Mikrobiologiia 2017; 86:62-71. [PMID: 30207144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effect of chromate ions on the culture of a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was studied using an M-PEA-2 fluorimeter, which carries out simultaneous measurement of fluorescence induction and redox transformations of the P700 pigment within a millisecond range. Chromate ions were shown to inhibit electron transport in PS II and decrease the rate of QА reduction. This results in decreased values of the quantum yield of electron transport in PS II (ϕEo) and performance index (PI ABS), lower rates of P700 reduction, and increased energy (DI0/RC) and ΔpH-dependent nonphotochemical quenching (q E ). Emergence of the slow component of P700 reduction was observed, indicating the activation of cyclic transport in the presence of chromate. Performance index (PI ABS), which was the most sensitive parameter, may be recommended for detection of chromate ions at early stages of their toxic action. The fluorescence parameter F O is promising application in biotesting to assess the algal growth rates.
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Lai CY, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Chen JX, Wen LL, Shi LD, Sun YP, Ma F, Rittmann BE, Zhou C, Tang Y, Zheng P, Zhao HP. Bioreduction of Chromate in a Methane-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:5832-5839. [PMID: 27161770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we demonstrate chromate (Cr(VI)) bioreduction using methane (CH4) as the sole electron donor in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). The experiments were divided into five stages lasting a total of 90 days, and each stage achieved a steady state for at least 15 days. Due to continued acclimation of the microbial community, the Cr(VI)-reducing capacity of the biofilm kept increasing. Cr(VI) removal at the end of the 90-day test reached 95% at an influent Cr(VI) concentration of 3 mg Cr/L and a surface loading of 0.37g of Cr m(-2) day(-1). Meiothermus (Deinococci), a potential Cr(VI)-reducing bacterium, was negligible in the inoculum but dominated the MBfR biofilm after Cr(VI) was added to the reactor, while Methylosinus, a type II methanotrophs, represented 11%-21% of the total bacterial DNA in the biofilm. Synergy within a microbial consortia likely was responsible for Cr(VI) reduction based on CH4 oxidation. In the synergy, methanotrophs fermented CH4 to produce metabolic intermediates that were used by the Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria as electron donors. Solid Cr(III) was the main product, accounting for more than 88% of the reduced Cr in most cases. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis showed that Cr(III) accumulated inside and outside of some bacterial cells, implying that different Cr(VI)-reducing mechanisms were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xian Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Lian Wen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Dong Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
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21
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de Oliveira LM, Gress J, De J, Rathinasabapathi B, Marchi G, Chen Y, Ma LQ. Sulfate and chromate increased each other's uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. Chemosphere 2016; 147:36-43. [PMID: 26761595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chromate (CrVI) and sulfate on their uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. Plants were exposed to 1) 0.1 mM CrVI and 0, 0.25, 1.25 or 2.5 mM sulfate or 2) 0.25 mM sulfate and 0, 0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mM CrVI for 1 d in hydroponics. P. vittata accumulated 26 and 1261 mg kg(-1) Cr in the fronds and roots at CrVI0.1, and 2197 and 1589 mg kg(-1) S in the fronds and roots at S0.25. Increasing sulfate concentrations increased Cr root concentrations by 16-66% and helped CrVI reduction to CrIII whereas increasing CrVI concentrations increased frond sulfate concentrations by 3-27%. Increasing sulfate concentrations enhanced TBARS concentrations in the biomass, indicating oxidative stress caused lipid peroxidation in plant cell membranes. However, addition of 0.25-2.5 mM sulfate alleviated CrVI's toxic effects and decreased TBARS from 23.5 to 9.46-12.3 μmol g(-1) FW. Though CrVI was supplied, 78-96% of CrIII was in the biomass, indicating efficient CrVI reduction to CrIII by P. vittata. The data indicated the amazing ability of P. vittata in Cr uptake at 289 mg kg(-1) h(-1) with little translocation to the fronds. These results indicated that P. vittata had potential in Cr phytoremediation in contaminated sites but further studies are needed to evaluate this potential. The facts that CrVI and sulfate helped each other in uptake by P. vittata suggest that CrVI was not competing with sulfate uptake in P. vittata. However, the mechanisms of how sulfate and CrVI enhance each other's accumulation in P. vittata need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letúzia M de Oliveira
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julia Gress
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jaysankar De
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Giuliano Marchi
- Researcher at Embrapa Cerrados, Rod. BR 020, km 18, CP 08223, CEP 73310-970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | - Yanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Choppala G, Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Bush R. Differential effect of biochar upon reduction-induced mobility and bioavailability of arsenate and chromate. Chemosphere 2016; 144:374-381. [PMID: 26383264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) occur in ionic form in soil, with chromate [Cr(VI)] and arsenate As(V) being the most pre-dominant forms. The application of biochar to Cr(VI) and As(V) spiked and field contaminated soils was evaluated on the reduction processes [(Cr(VI) to Cr(III)] and [As(V) to As(III))], and subsequent mobility and bioavailability of both As(V) and Cr(VI). The assays used in this study included leaching, soil microbial activity and XPS techniques. The reduction rate of As(V) was lower than that of Cr(VI) with and without biochar addition, however, supplementation with biochar enhanced the reduction process of As(V). Leaching experiments indicated Cr(VI) was more mobile than As(V). Addition of biochar reversed the effect by reducing the mobility of Cr and increasing that of As. The presence of Cr and As in both spiked and contaminated soils reduced microbial activity, but with the addition of biochar to these soils, the microbial activity increased in the Cr(VI) contaminated soils, while it was further decreased with As(V) contaminated soils. The addition of biochar was effective in mitigating Cr toxicity by reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). In contrast, the conversion process of As(V) to As(III) hastened by biochar was not favourable, as As(III) is more toxic in soils. Overall, the presence of functional groups on biochar promotes reduction by providing the electrons required for reduction processes to occur as determined by XPS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Choppala
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, PO Box: 157, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, SA, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Bush
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, PO Box: 157, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
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Coelho C, Branco R, Natal-da-Luz T, Sousa JP, Morais PV. Evaluation of bacterial biosensors to determine chromate bioavailability and to assess ecotoxicity of soils. Chemosphere 2015; 128:62-69. [PMID: 25655820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromate can be considered a potent environmental contaminant and consequently, an understanding of chromate availability and toxicity to soil biology is essential for effective ecological assessment of metal impact in soils. This study shows the response of two bacterial bioreporters, pCHRGFP1 Escherichiacoli and pCHRGFP2 Ochrobactrumtritici, to increasing concentrations of chromate in two different soils. The bioreporters, carrying the regulatory gene chrB transcriptionally fused to the gfp reporter system, exhibited different features. In both, the fluorescence signal and the chromate concentration could be linearly correlated but E. coli biosensor functioned within the range of 0.5-2 μM and O. tritici biosensor within 2-10 μM chromate. The bioreporters were validated through comparative measurements using the chemical chromate methods of diphenylcarbazide and ionic chromatography. The bacterial sensors were used for the estimation of bioavailable fraction of chromate in a natural soil and OECD artificial soil, both spiked with chromate in increasing concentrations of 0-120 mg Cr(VI) kg(-1) of soil. OECD soil showed a faster chromate decrease comparing to the natural soil. The toxicity of soils amended with chromate was also evaluated by ecotoxicological tests through collembolan reproduction tests using Folsomia candida as test organism. Significant correlations were found between collembolans reproduction and chromate concentration in soil (lower at high chromate concentrations) measured by biosensors. Data obtained showed that the biosensors tested are sensitive to chromate presence in soil and may constitute a rapid and efficient method to measure chromate availability in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Paulo Sousa
- IMAR-CMA, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula V Morais
- IMAR-CMA, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.
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de Oliveira LM, Lessl JT, Gress J, Tisarum R, Guilherme LRG, Ma LQ. Chromate and phosphate inhibited each other's uptake and translocation in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. Environ Pollut 2015; 197:240-246. [PMID: 25434865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chromate (CrVI) and phosphate (P) on their uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV). Plants were exposed to 1) 0.10 mM CrVI and 0, 0.25, 1.25, or 2.50 mM P or 2) 0.25 mM P and 0, 0.50, 2.5 or 5.0 mM CrVI for 24 h in hydroponics. PV accumulated 2919 mg/kg Cr in the roots at CrVI₀.₁₀, and 5100 and 3500 mg/kg P in the fronds and roots at P₀.₂₅. When co-present, CrVI and P inhibited each other's uptake in PV. Increasing P concentrations reduced Cr root concentrations by 62-82% whereas increasing CrVI concentrations reduced frond P concentrations by 52-59% but increased root P concentrations by 11-15%. Chromate reduced P transport, with more P being accumulated in PV roots. Though CrVI was supplied, 64-78% and 92-93% CrIII were in PV fronds and roots. Based on X-ray diffraction, Cr₂O₃ was detected in the roots confirming CrVI reduction to CrIII by PV. In short, CrVI and P inhibited each other in uptake and translocation by PV, and CrVI reduction to CrIII in PV roots served as its detoxification mechanism. The finding helps to understand the interactions of P and Cr during their uptake in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letúzia M de Oliveira
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jason T Lessl
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julia Gress
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luiz R G Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China.
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Thompson CM, Seiter J, Chappell MA, Tappero RV, Proctor DM, Suh M, Wolf JC, Haws LC, Vitale R, Mittal L, Kirman CR, Hays SM, Harris MA. Synchrotron-based imaging of chromium and γ-H2AX immunostaining in the duodenum following repeated exposure to Cr(VI) in drinking water. Toxicol Sci 2015; 143:16-25. [PMID: 25352572 PMCID: PMC4274380 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current drinking water standards for chromium are for the combined total of both hexavalent and trivalent chromium (Cr(VI) and Cr(III)). However, recent studies have shown that Cr(III) is not carcinogenic to rodents, whereas mice chronically exposed to high levels of Cr(VI) developed duodenal tumors. These findings may suggest the need for environmental standards specific for Cr(VI). Whether the intestinal tumors arose through a mutagenic or non-mutagenic mode of action (MOA) greatly impacts how drinking water standards for Cr(VI) are derived. Herein, X-ray fluorescence (spectro)microscopy (µ-XRF) was used to image the Cr content in the villus and crypt regions of duodena from B6C3F1 mice exposed to 180 mg/l Cr(VI) in drinking water for 13 weeks. DNA damage was also assessed by γ-H2AX immunostaining. Exposure to Cr(VI) induced villus blunting and crypt hyperplasia in the duodenum--the latter evidenced by lengthening of the crypt compartment by ∼2-fold with a concomitant 1.5-fold increase in the number of crypt enterocytes. γ-H2AX immunostaining was elevated in villi, but not in the crypt compartment. µ-XRF maps revealed mean Cr levels >30 times higher in duodenal villi than crypt regions; mean Cr levels in crypt regions were only slightly above background signal. Despite the presence of Cr and elevated γ-H2AX immunoreactivity in villi, no aberrant foci indicative of transformation were evident. These findings do not support a MOA for intestinal carcinogenesis involving direct Cr-DNA interaction in intestinal stem cells, but rather support a non-mutagenic MOA involving chronic wounding of intestinal villi and crypt cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Thompson
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Jennifer Seiter
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Mark A Chappell
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Ryan V Tappero
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Deborah M Proctor
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Jeffrey C Wolf
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Laurie C Haws
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510 ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Rock Vitale
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510 ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510 ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Liz Mittal
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Christopher R Kirman
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510 ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510 ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510 ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc
| | - Sean M Hays
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
| | - Mark A Harris
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, Texas 77494, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, Photon Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, ToxStrategies, Inc., Mission Viejo, California 92692, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia 20166, ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, Texas 78731, Environmental Standards, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482, Summit Toxicology, LLP, Orange Village, Ohio 44022 and Summit Toxicology, LLP, Allenspark, Colorado 80510
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Brookshaw DR, Coker VS, Lloyd JR, Vaughan DJ, Pattrick RAD. Redox interactions between Cr(VI) and Fe(II) in bioreduced biotite and chlorite. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:11337-11342. [PMID: 25196156 DOI: 10.1021/es5031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the environment with Cr as chromate (Cr(VI)) from industrial activities is of significant concern as Cr(VI) is a known carcinogen, and is mobile in the subsurface. The capacity of Fe(II)-containing phyllosilicates including biotite and chlorite to alter the speciation, and thus the mobility, of redox-sensitive contaminants including Cr(VI) is of great interest since these minerals are common in soils and sediments. Here, the capacity of bacteria, ubiquitous in the surface and near-surface environment, to reduce Fe(III) in phyllosilicate minerals and, thus, alter their redox reactivity was investigated in two-step anaerobic batch experiments. The model Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens was used to reduce Fe(III) in the minerals, leading to a significant transformation of structural Fe(III) to Fe(II) of 0.16 mmol/g (∼ 40%) in biotite and 0.15 mmol/g (∼ 20%) in chlorite. The unaltered minerals could not remove Cr(VI) from solution despite containing a larger excess of Fe(II) than would be required to reduce all the added Cr(VI), unless they were supplied in a very high concentration (a 1:10 solid to solution ratio). By contrast, even at very low concentrations, the addition of bioreduced biotite and chlorite caused removal of Cr(VI) from solution, and surface and near surface X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that this immobilization was through reductive transformation to Cr(III). We provide empirical evidence that the amount of Fe(II) generated by microbial Fe(III) reduction is sufficient to reduce the Cr(VI) removed and, in the absence of reduction by the unaltered minerals, suggest that only the microbially reduced fraction of the iron in the minerals is redox-active against the Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Brookshaw
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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27
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Soni SK, Singh R, Singh M, Awasthi A, Wasnik K, Kalra A. Pretreatment of Cr(VI)-amended soil with chromate-reducing rhizobacteria decreases plant toxicity and increases the yield of Pisum sativum. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 66:616-27. [PMID: 24535090 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pot culture experiments were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions to investigate whether four Cr(VI)-reducing bacterial strains (SUCR44, SUCR140, SUCR186, and SUCR188) were able to decrease Cr toxicity to Pisum sativum plants in artificially Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The effect of pretreatment of soil with chromate-reducing bacteria on plant growth, chromate uptake, bioaccumulation, nodulation, and population of Rhizobium was found to be directly influenced by the time interval between bacterial treatment and seed sowing. Pretreatment of soil with SUCR140 (Microbacterium sp.) 15 days before sowing (T+15) showed a maximum increase in growth and biomass in terms of root length (93 %), plant height (94 %), dry root biomass (99 %), and dry shoot biomass (99 %). Coinoculation of Rhizobium with SUCR140 further improved the aforementioned parameter. Compared with the control, coinoculation of SUCR140+R showed a 117, 116, 136, and 128 % increase, respectively, in root length, plant height, dry root biomass, and dry shoot biomass. The bioavailability of Cr(VI) decreased significantly in soil (61 %) and in uptake (36 %) in SUCR140-treated plants; the effects of Rhizobium, however, either alone or in the presence of SUCR140, were not significant. The populations of Rhizobium (126 %) in soil and nodulation (146 %) in P. sativum improved in the presence of SUCR140 resulting in greater nitrogen (54 %) concentration in the plants. This study shows the usefulness of efficient Cr(VI)-reducing bacterial strain SUCR140 in improving yields probably through decreased Cr toxicity and improved symbiotic relationship of the plants with Rhizobium. Further decrease in the translocation of Cr(VI) through improved nodulation by Rhizobium in the presence of efficient Cr-reducing bacterial strains could also decrease the accumulation of Cr in shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Soni
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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28
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de Oliveira LM, Ma LQ, Santos JAG, Guilherme LRG, Lessl JT. Effects of arsenate, chromate, and sulfate on arsenic and chromium uptake and translocation by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. Environ Pollut 2014; 184:187-92. [PMID: 24056188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated effects of arsenate (AsV), chromate (CrVI) and sulfate on As and Cr uptake and translocation by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV), which was exposed to AsV, CrVI and sulfate at 0, 0.05, 0.25 or 1.25 mM for 2-wk in hydroponic system. PV was effective in accumulating large amounts of As (4598 and 1160 mg/kg in the fronds and roots at 0.05 mM AsV) and Cr (234 and 12,630 mg/kg in the fronds and roots at 0.05 mM CrVI). However, when co-present, AsV and CrVI acted as inhibitors, negatively impacting their accumulation in PV. Arsenic accumulation in the fronds was reduced by 92% and Cr by 26%, indicating reduced As and Cr translocation. However, addition of sulfate increased uptake and translocation of As by 26-28% and Cr by 1.63 fold. This experiment demonstrated that As and Cr inhibited each other in uptake and translocation by PV but sulfate enhanced As and Cr uptake and translocation by PV.
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Ziagova MG, Koukkou AI, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M. Optimization of cultural conditions of Arthrobacter sp. Sphe3 for growth-associated chromate(VI) reduction in free and immobilized cell systems. Chemosphere 2014; 95:535-540. [PMID: 24183628 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to characterize Arthrobacter sp. Sphe3 ability to reduce Cr(VI) in suspended cell cultures as well as in immobilized form using Ca-alginate beads. Adaptation studies in the presence of 5 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) showed a significant increase in specific growth rate from 0.25 to 0.3 h(-1) and bioremoval percentage from 64% to 94% (p<0.05), whereas Arthrobacter sp. Sphe3 could tolerate up to 50 mg L(-1) Cr(VI). Optimization of culture conditions resulted in complete reduction of 45 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) at 30 °C, pH 8 and 10 g L(-1) of glucose. High glucose concentrations helped at reducing (80±2.4)% of initial 100 mg L(-1) Cr(VI), whereas the bacterial strain could tolerate 850 mg L(-1) Cr(VI). Cr(III) formation was first evidenced by the appearance of a green insoluble precipitate in the medium. Cell biomass was successfully immobilized in Ca-alginate beads that were evaluated for their stability. Cell release was sharply decreased when 4% Na-alginate was used under non-shaking conditions. Biotransformation efficiency was enhanced when 25-50 mg cells mL(-1) Na-alginate from the exponential growth phase were collected and co-encapsulated with either 1% glucose and 0.5% (NH4)2SO4, or 1% LB medium. Immobilized biocatalyst could be reused up to 6 continuous cycles in the presence of 10 mg L(-1) Cr(VI), but its performance was lowered at higher metal concentrations comparing with free cells that significantly maintained their reducing ability up to 300 mg L(-1) Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ziagova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Section of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Chaudhari AU, Tapase SR, Markad VL, Kodam KM. Simultaneous decolorization of reactive Orange M2R dye and reduction of chromate by Lysinibacillus sp. KMK-A. J Hazard Mater 2013; 262:580-8. [PMID: 24095998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes constitute the largest and diverse group of dyes, widely used in number of industries that are contributing toward organic and inorganic load of effluent treatment. In the present study, Lysinibacillus sp. KMK-A was able to effectively decolorize Orange M2R dye up to 2000 mg l(-1) (Vmax of 19.6 mg l(-1) h(-1) and Km of 439 mg l(-1)) and reduce Cr(VI) up to 250 mg l(-1) (Vmax of 3.6 mg l(-1) h(-1) and Km 28.3 mg l(-1)). It also has an ability of simultaneous decolorization of Orange M2R dye (200-1000 mg l(-1)) with reduction of Cr(VI) (50-200 mg l(-1)). Significant reduction in total organic carbon content, chemical and biological oxygen demand along with spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis confirmed the biotransformation of Orange M2R. Involvement of enzymes namely azoreductase and chromate reductase was observed during biotransformation. The phyto and geno toxicity studies demonstrated that metabolites of dye degradation were non-toxic. Higher tolerance with simultaneous decolorization and detoxification of azo dyes in presence of Cr(VI) makes Lysinibacillus sp. KMK-A, a potential candidate for eco-friendly remediation of metal contaminated dye effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvini U Chaudhari
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
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Ge S, Dong X, Zhou J, Ge S. Comparative evaluations on bio-treatment of hexavalent chromate by resting cells of Pseudochrobactrum sp. and Proteus sp. in wastewater. J Environ Manage 2013; 126:7-12. [PMID: 23644665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two marine bacterial strains, B5 and H24, were isolated from long-term Cr(VI) contaminated seawater and identified as Pseudochrobactrum and Proteus, respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Both strains were examined for their tolerance to Cr(VI) and other metal salts and their abilities to reduce Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium [Cr(III)]. Growing cells of Pseudochrobactrum sp. B5 and Proteus sp. H24 could tolerate Cr(VI) at a concentration of 2000 and 1500 mg/l and completely reduce 1000 mg/l Cr(VI) in LB medium within 96 and 144 h, respectively. Resting cells of the two strains were able to reduce 200mg/l Cr(VI) in Tris-HCl buffer within 16 and 24h, respectively. Furthermore, resting cells of both strains were able to reduce Cr(VI) in industrial wastewaters three times consecutively. Overall, this study provides evidence of the potential for application of chromate-reducing bacteria to direct Cr(VI) decontamination of industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Ge
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
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Tuo Y, Liu G, Zhou J, Wang A, Wang J, Jin R, Lv H. Microbial formation of palladium nanoparticles by Geobacter sulfurreducens for chromate reduction. Bioresour Technol 2013; 133:606-611. [PMID: 23453979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Geobacter sulfurreducens was studied for the reduction of Pd(II) and production of Pd(0) nanoparticles capable of reducing Cr(VI). Transmission electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the nanoscale Pd(0) particles formed were associated with the cell surface and located inside the periplasm. The increase of cell dry weight (CDW):Pd ratio and addition of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) not only stimulated Pd(II) reduction, but also resulted in increase of nanoparticle number, decrease of particle diameter and improvement of Cr(VI) reduction efficiency. The relationship between reduction rate and initial Cr(VI) concentration (150-750 μM) followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax=3.6 μmol h(-1) mg bio-Pd(-1) and Km=891.3 μM). These findings indicated the potential of using G. sulfurreducens cells for reclamation of palladium, formation of Pd(0) nanoparticles and efficient treatment of Cr(VI) pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Soni SK, Singh R, Awasthi A, Singh M, Kalra A. In vitro Cr(VI) reduction by cell-free extracts of chromate-reducing bacteria isolated from tannery effluent irrigated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:1661-1674. [PMID: 22983604 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four efficient Cr(VI)-reducing bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil of plants irrigated with tannery effluent and investigated for in vitro Cr(VI) reduction. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolated strains SUCR44, SUCR140, SUCR186, and SUCR188 were identified as Bacillus sp. (JN674188), Microbacterium sp. (JN674183), Bacillus thuringiensis (JN674184), and Bacillus subtilis (JN674195), respectively. All four isolates could completely reduce Cr(VI) in culture media at 0.2 mM concentration within a period of 24-120 h; SUCR140 completely reduced Cr(VI) within 24 h. Assay with the permeabilized cells (treated with Triton X-100 and Tween 80) and cell-free assay demonstrated that the Cr(VI) reduction activity was mainly associated with the soluble fraction of cells. Considering the major amount of chromium being reduced within 24-48 h, these fractions could have been released extracellularly also during their growth. At the temperature optima of 28 °C and pH 7.0, the specific activity of Cr(VI) reduction was determined to be 0.32, 0.42, 0.34, and 0.28 μmol Cr(VI)min(-1)mg(-1) protein for isolates SUCR44, SUCR140, SUCR186, and SUCR188, respectively. Addition of 0.1 mM NADH enhanced the Cr(VI) reduction in the cell-free extracts of all four strains. The Cr(VI) reduction activity in cell-free extracts of all the isolates was stable in presence of different metal ions tested except Hg(2+). Beside this, urea and thiourea also reduced the activity of chromate reduction to significant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Soni
- Department of Microbial Technology and Entomology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
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Smirnova GF, Podgorskiĭ VS. [Metabolism features of bacteria resistant to high concentrations of chromate]. Mikrobiol Z 2013; 75:3-9. [PMID: 23720958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty strains of bacteria resistant to high concentrations of chromate were isolated from different ecological niches. They were able to reduce chromate to compounds of trivalent chromium--nonsoluble chromium hydroxide or soluble crystalline hydrates of trivalent chromium. The growth features of these microorganisms on media containing chromate at high concentrations (up to 20.0 g/l) are described. Besides chromate bacteria can reduce vanadate to compounds of V(4+) and Mo(6+) to Mo(5+). The best reduction takes place on the media where MPB. glucose or ethanol serves as the source of carbon. The growth and reduction of anion-in-study did not occur on organic acids. It was shown that tungstate, chlorate or perchlorate were not toxic for the studied bacteria up to concentrations of 10.0 g/l, however were not reduced by these microorganisms. The most active strains belong to genera Pseudomonas, Oerskovia, Bacillus, Micrococcus.
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Choppala GK, Bolan NS, Megharaj M, Chen Z, Naidu R. The influence of biochar and black carbon on reduction and bioavailability of chromate in soils. J Environ Qual 2012; 41:1175-84. [PMID: 22751060 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of chromium (Cr) has a deleterious impact on the environment. A number of pathways, both biotic and abiotic in character, determine the fate and speciation of Cr in soils. Chromium exists in two predominant species in the environment: trivalent [(Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)]. Of these two forms, Cr(III) is nontoxic and is strongly bound to soil particles, whereas Cr(VI) is more toxic and soluble and readily leaches into groundwater. The toxicity of Cr(VI) can be mitigated by reducing it to Cr(III) species. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of organic carbon sources on the reduction, microbial respiration, and phytoavailability of Cr(VI) in soils. Organic carbon sources, such as black carbon (BC) and biochar, were tested for their potential in reducing Cr(VI) in acidic and alkaline contaminated soils. An alkaline soil was selected to monitor the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI) in sunflower plant. Our results showed that using BC resulted in greater reduction of Cr(VI) in soils compared with biochar. This is attributed to the differences in dissolved organic carbon and functional groups that provide electrons for the reduction of Cr(VI). When increasing levels of Cr were added to soils, both microbial respiration and plant growth decreased. The application of BC was more effective than biochar in increasing the microbial population and in mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI). The net benefit of BC emerged as an increase in plant biomass and a decrease in Cr concentration in plant tissue. Consequently, it was concluded that BC is a potential reducing amendment in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity in soil and plants.
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Wong V, Armknecht S, Zhitkovich A. Metabolism of Cr(VI) by ascorbate but not glutathione is a low oxidant-generating process. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012; 26:192-6. [PMID: 22572042 PMCID: PMC3380165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic activity of hexavalent chromium (chromate) results from its reductive activation inside the cell. Cr(VI) metabolism in vivo is primarily driven by ascorbate (Asc) but in cultured cells by glutathione (GSH). Given the common use of cultured cells for mechanistic studies, it is important to establish whether Cr(VI) activated by Asc and GSH displays the same genotoxic properties. Using 2',7' dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) as a redox sensitive probe, we found that Asc-dependent reduction of Cr(VI) in vitro under physiological conditions generated 25-80 times lower yields of oxidants compared to GSH. When both reducers were present, Asc dominated Cr(VI) metabolism and inhibited DCFH oxidation. Consistent with the findings in defined chemical reactions, restoration of physiological levels of Asc in human lung H460 cells led to the loss of their hypersensitivity to clonogenic killing by Cr(VI) in the presence of methoxyamine, which inhibits base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage. Despite suppressed oxidative damage, Asc-containing cells formed a large number of DNA double-strand breaks after exposure to a dose of Cr(VI) corresponding to the drinking water standard of 100 ppb. Our results indicate that Asc-driven metabolism of Cr(VI) shifts its genotoxicity toward nonoxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Corresponding author: Anatoly Zhitkovich; Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 507, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Eswaramoorthy S, Poulain S, Hienerwadel R, Bremond N, Sylvester MD, Zhang YB, Berthomieu C, Van Der Lelie D, Matin A. Crystal structure of ChrR--a quinone reductase with the capacity to reduce chromate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36017. [PMID: 22558308 PMCID: PMC3338774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli ChrR enzyme is an obligatory two-electron quinone reductase that has many applications, such as in chromate bioremediation. Its crystal structure, solved at 2.2 Å resolution, shows that it belongs to the flavodoxin superfamily in which flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is firmly anchored to the protein. ChrR crystallized as a tetramer, and size exclusion chromatography showed that this is the oligomeric form that catalyzes chromate reduction. Within the tetramer, the dimers interact by a pair of two hydrogen bond networks, each involving Tyr128 and Glu146 of one dimer and Arg125 and Tyr85 of the other; the latter extends to one of the redox FMN cofactors. Changes in each of these amino acids enhanced chromate reductase activity of the enzyme, showing that this network is centrally involved in chromate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Poulain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Rainer Hienerwadel
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille, France
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Matthew D. Sylvester
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yian-Biao Zhang
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Catherine Berthomieu
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Daniel Van Der Lelie
- Discovery and Analytical Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - A. Matin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Ksheminskaia GP, Gaĭda GZ, Ivash MF, Gonchar MV. [Chromate-resistant Mutants Of Yeast Pichia Guilliermondii: Isolation And Characterization]. Mikrobiologiia 2011; 80:308-319. [PMID: 21861366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Smutok O, Broda D, Smutok H, Dmytruk K, Gonchar M. Chromate-reducing activity of Hansenula polymorpha recombinant cells over-producing flavocytochrome b₂. Chemosphere 2011; 83:449-454. [PMID: 21315405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the great interest to studies of the biological roles of chromium, as well as the toxic influence of Cr(VI)-species on living organisms, the molecular mechanisms of chromate bioremediation remain vague. A reductive pathway resulting in formation of less toxic Cr(III)-species is suggested to be the most important among possible mechanisms for chromate biodetoxification. The yeast l-lactate:cytochrome c-oxidoreductase (flavocytochrome b(2), FC b(2)) has absolute specificity for l-lactate, yet is non-selective with respect to its electron acceptor. These properties allow us to consider the enzyme as a potential candidate for chromate reduction by living cells in the presence of l-lactate. A recombinant strain of thermotolerant, methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha with sixfold increased FC b(2) enzyme activity (up to 3μmolmin(-1)mg(-1) protein in cell-free extract) compared to the parental strain was used for approval our suggestion. The recombinant cells, stored in dried state, as well as living yeast cells were tested for chromate-reducing activity in vitro in the presence of l-lactate (as an electron donor for chromate reduction) and different low molecular weight, redox-active mediators facilitating electron transfer from the reduced form of the enzyme to chromate (as a final electron acceptor): dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP), Methylene blue, Meldola blue, and Nile blue. It was shown that the highest chromate-reducing activity of the cells was achieved in the presence of DCPIP. The ability of chromate to catch electrons from the reduced flavocytochrome b(2) was confirmed using purified enzyme immobilized on the surface of a platinum electrode. The increasing concentration of Cr(VI) resulted in a decrease of enzyme-mediated current generated on the electrode during l-lactate oxidation. The shift and drop in amplitude of the peak in the cyclic voltammogram are indicative of Cr(VI)-dependent competition between reaction of chromate with reduced FC b(2) and direct electron transfer from the enzyme to the electrode surface. The application of the chromate-reducing ability of FC b(2)-over-producing recombinant cells of H. polymorpha toward chromate bioremediation and the construction of cells-based biosensor for chromate monitoring in the environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Smutok
- Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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Ravindranath SP, Henne KL, Thompson DK, Irudayaraj J. Surface-enhanced Raman imaging of intracellular bioreduction of chromate in Shewanella oneidensis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16634. [PMID: 21364911 PMCID: PMC3045368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This proposed research aims to use novel nanoparticle sensors and spectroscopic tools constituting surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and Fluorescence Lifetime imaging (FLIM) to study intracellular chemical activities within single bioremediating microorganism. The grand challenge is to develop a mechanistic understanding of chromate reduction and localization by the remediating bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 by chemical and lifetime imaging. MR-1 has attracted wide interest from the research community because of its potential in reducing multiple chemical and metallic electron acceptors. While several biomolecular approaches to decode microbial reduction mechanisms exist, there is a considerable gap in the availability of sensor platforms to advance research from population-based studies to the single cell level. This study is one of the first attempts to incorporate SERS imaging to address this gap. First, we demonstrate that chromate-decorated nanoparticles can be taken up by cells using TEM and Fluorescence Lifetime imaging to confirm the internalization of gold nanoprobes. Second, we demonstrate the utility of a Raman chemical imaging platform to monitor chromate reduction and localization within single cells. Distinctive differences in Raman signatures of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) enabled their spatial identification within single cells from the Raman images. A comprehensive evaluation of toxicity and cellular interference experiments conducted revealed the inert nature of these probes and that they are non-toxic. Our results strongly suggest the existence of internal reductive machinery and that reduction occurs at specific sites within cells instead of at disperse reductive sites throughout the cell as previously reported. While chromate-decorated gold nanosensors used in this study provide an improved means for the tracking of specific chromate interactions within the cell and on the cell surface, we expect our single cell imaging tools to be extended to monitor the interaction of other toxic metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep P Ravindranath
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.
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Aguilar-Barajas E, Díaz-Pérez C, Ramírez-Díaz MI, Riveros-Rosas H, Cervantes C. Bacterial transport of sulfate, molybdate, and related oxyanions. Biometals 2011; 24:687-707. [PMID: 21301930 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Aguilar-Barajas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
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He M, Li X, Liu H, Miller SJ, Wang G, Rensing C. Characterization and genomic analysis of a highly chromate resistant and reducing bacterial strain Lysinibacillus fusiformis ZC1. J Hazard Mater 2011; 185:682-688. [PMID: 20952126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lysinibacillus fusiformis ZC1 isolated from chromium (Cr) contaminated wastewater of a metal electroplating factory displayed high chromate [Cr(VI)] resistance with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 60mM in R2A medium. L. fusiformis ZC1 showed resistances to multiple metals (Cu, Ni, Co, Hg, Cd and Ag) and a metalloid (As). This bacterium exhibited an extremely rapid Cr(VI) reduction capability. It almost completely reduced 1mM K(2)CrO(4) in 12h. The Cr(VI) reduction ability of L. fusiformis ZC1 was enhanced by sodium acetate and NADH. By whole genome sequence analysis, strain ZC1 was found to contain large numbers of metal(loid) resistance genes. Specifically, a chrA gene encoding a putative chromate transporter conferring chromate resistance was identified. The chromate resistance was constitutive in both phenotypic and gene expression analyses. Furthermore, we found a yieF gene and several genes encoding reductases that were possibly involved in chromate reduction. Expression of adjacent putative chromate reduction related genes, nitR and yieF, was found to be constitutive. The large numbers of NADH-dependent chromate reductase genes may be responsible for the rapid chromate reduction in order to detoxify Cr(VI) and survive in the harsh wastewater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Liu G, Yang H, Wang J, Jin R, Zhou J, Lv H. Enhanced chromate reduction by resting Escherichia coli cells in the presence of quinone redox mediators. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:8127-8131. [PMID: 20584598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of Cr(VI) by resting Escherichia coli cells was significantly enhanced by the quinone redox mediators, lawsone, menadione, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate. In the presence of 0.2 mM lawsone, over 97.5% Cr(VI) (100 mg l(-1)) was reduced in 4h. The mediated reduction occurred at initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 50-250 mg l(-1), and increased with increasing initial biomass concentrations from 0.05 to 1.2 g l(-1). The addition of glucose as electron donor promoted the reduction process. Cu(2+), Ni(2+) and Co(2+) inhibited, whereas Mn(2+) and Pb(2+) stimulated reduction. Four rounds of mediated reduction were completed in 19 h, suggesting its stability and persistence. The efficient mediated microbial reduction of Cr(VI) is promising for rapid anaerobic removal of chromate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Ng TW, Cai Q, Wong CK, Chow AT, Wong PK. Simultaneous chromate reduction and azo dye decolourization by Brevibacterium casei: azo dye as electron donor for chromate reduction. J Hazard Mater 2010; 182:792-800. [PMID: 20656406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromate [Cr(VI)] and azo dyes are common pollutants which may co-exist in some industrial effluents. Hence studies of biological treatment of industrial wastewater should include investigation of the co-removal of these two pollutants. Brevibacterium casei, which can reduce Cr(VI) in the presence of the azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) under nutrient-limiting condition, was isolated from a sewage sludge sample of a dyeing factory. Response surface methodology, which is commonly used to optimize growth conditions for food microorganisms to maximize product(s) yield, was used to determine the optimal conditions for chromate reduction and dye decolourization by B. casei. The optimal conditions were 0.24 g/L glucose, 3.0 g/L (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and 0.2 g/L peptone at pH 7 and 35 degrees C. The predicted maximum chromate reduction efficiencies and dye decolourization were 83.4+/-0.6 and 40.7+/-1.7%, respectively. A new mechanism was proposed for chromate reduction coupling with AO7 decolourization by B. casei. Under nutrient-limiting condition, AO7 was used as an e(-) donor by the reduction enzyme(s) of B. casei for the reduction of Cr(VI). The resulted Cr(III) then complexed with the oxidized AO7 to form a purple coloured intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wai Ng
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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45
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Chidambaram D, Hennebel T, Taghavi S, Mast J, Boon N, Verstraete W, van der Lelie D, Fitts JP. Concomitant microbial generation of palladium nanoparticles and hydrogen to immobilize chromate. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:7635-40. [PMID: 20822130 DOI: 10.1021/es101559r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic properties of various metal nanoparticles have led to their use in environmental remediation. Our aim is to develop and apply an efficient bioremediation method based on in situ biosynthesis of bio-Pd nanoparticles and hydrogen. C. pasteurianum BC1 was used to reduce Pd(II) ions to form Pd nanoparticles (bio-Pd) that primarily precipitated on the cell wall and in the cytoplasm. C. pasteurianum BC1 cells, loaded with bio-Pd nanoparticle in the presence of glucose, were subsequently used to fermentatively produce hydrogen and to effectively catalyze the removal of soluble Cr(VI) via reductive transformation to insoluble Cr(III) species. Batch and aquifer microcosm experiments using C. pasteurianum BC1 cells loaded with bio-Pd showed efficient reductive Cr(VI) removal, while in control experiments with killed or viable but Pd-free bacterial cultures no reductive Cr(VI) removal was observed. Our results suggest a novel process where the in situ microbial production of hydrogen is directly coupled to the catalytic bio-Pd mediated reduction of chromate. This process offers significant advantages over the current groundwater treatment technologies that rely on introducing preformed catalytic nanoparticles into groundwater treatment zones and the costly addition of molecular hydrogen to above ground pump and treat systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Chidambaram
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0388, USA
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46
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Singh NK, Rai UN, Tewari A, Singh M. Metal accumulation and growth response in Vigna radiata L. inoculated with chromate tolerant rhizobacteria and grown on tannery sludge amended soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2010; 84:118-124. [PMID: 19784534 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of inoculation of four chromate tolerant rhizobacterial strains previously isolated from rhizosphere of plants from chromium contaminated area in mung plant Vigna radiata grown on tannery sludge amended soil were evaluated. An increase of 138%, 88%, 256% and 54.14% in root length, shoot length, biomass and total chlorophyll, respectively was observed after 60 days of treatments by consortium. Similarly, a significant enhancement in Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu and Cd accumulation was observed in consortium inoculated plants as compared to non-inoculated plants. Results showed that rhizobacterial strain helps in ameliorating metal induced phytotoxicity, acquiring higher biomass and metal uptake in the plant may be useful in decontamination of metal from polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Singh
- Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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47
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Poopal AC, Laxman RS. Studies on biological reduction of chromate by Streptomyces griseus. J Hazard Mater 2009; 169:539-545. [PMID: 19410364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is a toxic heavy metal used in various industries and leads to environmental pollution due to improper handling. The most toxic form of chromium Cr(VI) can be converted to less toxic Cr(III) by reduction. Among the actinomycetes tested for chromate reduction, thirteen strains reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), of which one strain of Streptomyces griseus (NCIM 2020) was most efficient showing complete reduction within 24h. The organism was able to use a number of carbon sources as electron donors. Sulphate, nitrate, chloride and carbonate had no effect on chromate reduction during growth while cations such as Cd, Ni, Co and Cu were inhibitory to varying degrees. Chromate reduction was associated with the bacterial cells and sonication was the best method of cell breakage to release the enzyme. The enzyme was constitutive and did not require presence of chromate during growth for expression of activity. Chromate reduction with cell free extract (CFE) was observed without added NADH. However, addition of NAD(P)H resulted in 2-3-fold increase in activity. Chromate reductase showed optimum activity at 28 degrees C and pH 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini C Poopal
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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48
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Shapovalova AA, Khizhniak TV, Turova TP, Sorokin DI. [Halomonas chromatireducens sp. nov., a new denitrifying facultatively haloalkaliphilic bacterium from soda salt marshes capable of aerobic chromate reduction]. Mikrobiologiia 2009; 78:117-127. [PMID: 19334604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A heterotrophic bacterial strain AGD 8-3 capable of denitrification under extreme haloalkaline conditions was isolated from soda solonchak soils of the Kulunda steppe (Russia). The strain was classified within the genus Halomonas. According to the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Halomonas axialensis, H. meridiana, and H. aquamarina are most closely related to strain AGD 8-3 (96.6% similarity). Similar to other members of the genus, the strain can grow within a wide range of salinity and pH. The strain was found to be capable of aerobic reduction of chromate and selenite on mineral media at 160 g/l salinity and pH 9.5-10. The relatively low level of phylogenetic similarity and the phenotypic characteristics supported classification of strain AGD 8-3 as a new species Halomonas chromatireducens.
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Borthiry GR, Antholine WE, Myers JM, Myers CR. Reductive activation of hexavalent chromium by human lung epithelial cells: generation of Cr(V) and Cr(V)-thiol species. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1449-62. [PMID: 18279960 PMCID: PMC2497427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromium(VI) compounds (e.g. chromates) are cytotoxic, mutagenic, and potentially carcinogenic. The reduction of Cr(VI) can yield reactive intermediates such as Cr(V) and reactive oxygen species. Bronchial epithelial cells are the primary site of pulmonary exposure to inhaled Cr(VI) and are the primary cells from which Cr(VI)-associated human cancers arise. BEAS-2B cells were used here as a model of normal human bronchial epithelium for studies on the reductive activation of Cr(VI). Cells incubated with Na(2)CrO(4) exhibited two Cr(V) ESR signals, g=1.979 and 1.985, which persisted for at least 1h. The g=1.979 signal is similar to that generated in vitro by human microsomes and by proteoliposomes containing P450 reductase and cytochrome b(5). Unlike many cells in culture, these cells continued to express P450 reductase and cytochrome b(5). Studies with the non-selective thiol oxidant diamide indicated that the g=1.985 signal was thiol-dependent whereas the g=1.979 signal was not. Pretreatment with phenazine methosulfate eliminated both Cr(V) signals suggesting that Cr(V) generation is largely NAD(P)H-dependent. ESR spectra indicated that a portion of the Cr(VI) was rapidly reduced to Cr(III). Cells incubated with an insoluble chromate, ZnCrO(4), also generated both Cr(V) signals, whereas Cr(V) was not detected with insoluble PbCrO(4). In clonogenic assays, the cells were very sensitive to Na(2)CrO(4) and ZnCrO(4), but considerably less sensitive to PbCrO(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda R. Borthiry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - William E. Antholine
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Judith M. Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Charles R. Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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50
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Córdoba A, Vargas P, Dussan J. Chromate reduction by Arthrobacter CR47 in biofilm packed bed reactors. J Hazard Mater 2008; 151:274-279. [PMID: 18063473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial strain Cr47 was isolated from a landfarming process soil sample. It was identified, by 16s rDNA sequencing, as Arthrobacter sp. The time course of the Cr(VI) reduction was monitored in batch operated packed bed biofilm reactors (12 mL void volume) and in recirculating packed bed biofilm reactors (100 mL void volume) inoculated with bacterial strain Cr47. The reduction was evaluated with, 30 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) laboratory solutions prepared with K2Cr2O7 and enriched with glucose-minimal medium, and with 30 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) industrial model solutions prepared with chrome plating waste waters enriched with sucrose-minimal medium. Under batch mode the reduction reaction by the biofilm seemed to fit well an exponential-decay model with a first order kinetic parameter of 0.071 mg(L h)(-1) Cr(VI). In the recirculating reactor, monitored after 4 weeks from inoculation and fed with laboratory solutions the removal rate was 0.79 mg(L h)(-1). In the reactor fed with the industrial model solutions the maximum Cr(VI) removal rate attained was 0.49 mg(L h)(-1). Artrobacter sp. packed bed biofilm reactors achieved Cr(VI) reduction rates comparable to other aerobic and anaerobic fixed film bioreactors previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Córdoba
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Carrera 1 N 18A 10, Bogotá, Colombia.
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